[Congressional Bills 108th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 3632 Enrolled Bill (ENR)]
H.R.3632
One Hundred Eighth Congress
of the
United States of America
AT THE SECOND SESSION
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Tuesday,
the twentieth day of January, two thousand and four
An Act
To prevent and punish counterfeiting of copyrighted copies and
phonorecords, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Intellectual Property Protection and
Courts Amendments Act of 2004''.
TITLE I--ANTI-COUNTERFEITING PROVISIONS
SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as the ``Anti-counterfeiting Amendments Act
of 2004''.
SEC. 102. PROHIBITION AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN COUNTERFEIT COMPONENTS.
(a) In General.--Section 2318 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) by striking the section heading and inserting the
following:
``Sec. 2318. Trafficking in counterfeit labels, illicit labels, or
counterfeit documentation or packaging'';
(2) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
``(a) Whoever, in any of the circumstances described in subsection
(c), knowingly traffics in--
``(1) a counterfeit label or illicit label affixed to,
enclosing, or accompanying, or designed to be affixed to, enclose,
or accompany--
``(A) a phonorecord;
``(B) a copy of a computer program;
``(C) a copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual work;
``(D) a copy of a literary work;
``(E) a copy of a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work;
``(F) a work of visual art; or
``(G) documentation or packaging; or
``(2) counterfeit documentation or packaging,
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than 5
years, or both.'';
(3) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (3)--
(i) by striking ``and `audiovisual work' have'' and
inserting the following: ```audiovisual work', `literary
work', `pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work', `sound
recording', `work of visual art', and `copyright owner'
have''; and
(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting a
semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(4) the term `illicit label' means a genuine certificate,
licensing document, registration card, or similar labeling
component--
``(A) that is used by the copyright owner to verify that a
phonorecord, a copy of a computer program, a copy of a motion
picture or other audiovisual work, a copy of a literary work, a
copy of a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work, a work of
visual art, or documentation or packaging is not counterfeit or
infringing of any copyright; and
``(B) that is, without the authorization of the copyright
owner--
``(i) distributed or intended for distribution not in
connection with the copy, phonorecord, or work of visual
art to which such labeling component was intended to be
affixed by the respective copyright owner; or
``(ii) in connection with a genuine certificate or
licensing document, knowingly falsified in order to
designate a higher number of licensed users or copies than
authorized by the copyright owner, unless that certificate
or document is used by the copyright owner solely for the
purpose of monitoring or tracking the copyright owner's
distribution channel and not for the purpose of verifying
that a copy or phonorecord is noninfringing;
``(5) the term `documentation or packaging' means documentation
or packaging, in physical form, for a phonorecord, copy of a
computer program, copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual
work, copy of a literary work, copy of a pictorial, graphic, or
sculptural work, or work of visual art; and
``(6) the term `counterfeit documentation or packaging' means
documentation or packaging that appears to be genuine, but is
not.'';
(4) in subsection (c)--
(A) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
``(3) the counterfeit label or illicit label is affixed to,
encloses, or accompanies, or is designed to be affixed to, enclose,
or accompany--
``(A) a phonorecord of a copyrighted sound recording or
copyrighted musical work;
``(B) a copy of a copyrighted computer program;
``(C) a copy of a copyrighted motion picture or other
audiovisual work;
``(D) a copy of a literary work;
``(E) a copy of a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work;
``(F) a work of visual art; or
``(G) copyrighted documentation or packaging; or''; and
(B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``for a computer
program''; and
(5) in subsection (d)--
(A) by inserting ``or illicit labels'' after ``counterfeit
labels'' each place it appears; and
(B) by inserting before the period at the end the
following: ``, and of any equipment, device, or material used
to manufacture, reproduce, or assemble the counterfeit labels
or illicit labels''.
(b) Civil Remedies.--Section 2318 of title 18, United States Code,
is further amended by adding at the end the following:
``(f) Civil Remedies.--
``(1) In general.--Any copyright owner who is injured, or is
threatened with injury, by a violation of subsection (a) may bring
a civil action in an appropriate United States district court.
``(2) Discretion of court.--In any action brought under
paragraph (1), the court--
``(A) may grant 1 or more temporary or permanent
injunctions on such terms as the court determines to be
reasonable to prevent or restrain a violation of subsection
(a);
``(B) at any time while the action is pending, may order
the impounding, on such terms as the court determines to be
reasonable, of any article that is in the custody or control of
the alleged violator and that the court has reasonable cause to
believe was involved in a violation of subsection (a); and
``(C) may award to the injured party--
``(i) reasonable attorney fees and costs; and
``(ii)(I) actual damages and any additional profits of
the violator, as provided in paragraph (3); or
``(II) statutory damages, as provided in paragraph (4).
``(3) Actual damages and profits.--
``(A) In general.--The injured party is entitled to
recover--
``(i) the actual damages suffered by the injured party
as a result of a violation of subsection (a), as provided
in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph; and
``(ii) any profits of the violator that are
attributable to a violation of subsection (a) and are not
taken into account in computing the actual damages.
``(B) Calculation of damages.--The court shall calculate
actual damages by multiplying--
``(i) the value of the phonorecords, copies, or works
of visual art which are, or are intended to be, affixed
with, enclosed in, or accompanied by any counterfeit
labels, illicit labels, or counterfeit documentation or
packaging, by
``(ii) the number of phonorecords, copies, or works of
visual art which are, or are intended to be, affixed with,
enclosed in, or accompanied by any counterfeit labels,
illicit labels, or counterfeit documentation or packaging.
``(C) Definition.--For purposes of this paragraph, the
`value' of a phonorecord, copy, or work of visual art is--
``(i) in the case of a copyrighted sound recording or
copyrighted musical work, the retail value of an authorized
phonorecord of that sound recording or musical work;
``(ii) in the case of a copyrighted computer program,
the retail value of an authorized copy of that computer
program;
``(iii) in the case of a copyrighted motion picture or
other audiovisual work, the retail value of an authorized
copy of that motion picture or audiovisual work;
``(iv) in the case of a copyrighted literary work, the
retail value of an authorized copy of that literary work;
``(v) in the case of a pictorial, graphic, or
sculptural work, the retail value of an authorized copy of
that work; and
``(vi) in the case of a work of visual art, the retail
value of that work.
``(4) Statutory damages.--The injured party may elect, at any
time before final judgment is rendered, to recover, instead of
actual damages and profits, an award of statutory damages for each
violation of subsection (a) in a sum of not less than $2,500 or
more than $25,000, as the court considers appropriate.
``(5) Subsequent violation.--The court may increase an award of
damages under this subsection by 3 times the amount that would
otherwise be awarded, as the court considers appropriate, if the
court finds that a person has subsequently violated subsection (a)
within 3 years after a final judgment was entered against that
person for a violation of that subsection.
``(6) Limitation on actions.--A civil action may not be
commenced under section unless it is commenced within 3 years after
the date on which the claimant discovers the violation of
subsection (a).''.
(c) Conforming Amendment.--The item relating to section 2318 in the
table of sections for chapter 113 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended to read as follows:
``2318. Trafficking in counterfeit labels, illicit labels, or
counterfeit documentation or packaging.''.
SEC. 103. OTHER RIGHTS NOT AFFECTED.
(a) Chapters 5 and 12 of Title 17; Electronic Transmissions.--The
amendments made by this title--
(1) shall not enlarge, diminish, or otherwise affect any
liability or limitations on liability under sections 512, 1201 or
1202 of title 17, United States Code; and
(2) shall not be construed to apply--
(A) in any case, to the electronic transmission of a
genuine certificate, licensing document, registration card,
similar labeling component, or documentation or packaging
described in paragraph (4) or (5) of section 2318(b) of title
18, United States Code, as amended by this title; and
(B) in the case of a civil action under section 2318(f) of
title 18, United States Code, to the electronic transmission of
a counterfeit label or counterfeit documentation or packaging
defined in paragraph (1) or (6) of section 2318(b) of title 18,
United States Code.
(b) Fair Use.--The amendments made by this title shall not affect
the fair use, under section 107 of title 17, United States Code, of a
genuine certificate, licensing document, registration card, similar
labeling component, or documentation or packaging described in
paragraph (4) or (5) of section 2318(b) of title 18, United States
Code, as amended by this title.
TITLE II--FRAUDULENT ONLINE IDENTITY SANCTIONS
SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as the ``Fraudulent Online Identity
Sanctions Act''.
SEC. 202. AMENDMENT TO TRADEMARK ACT OF 1946.
Section 35 of the Act entitled ``An Act to provide for the
registration and protection of trademarks used in commerce, to carry
out the provisions of certain international conventions, and for other
purposes'', approved July 5, 1946 (commonly referred to as the
``Trademark Act of 1946''; 15 U.S.C. 1117), is amended by adding at the
end the following new subsection:
``(e) In the case of a violation referred to in this section, it
shall be a rebuttable presumption that the violation is willful for
purposes of determining relief if the violator, or a person acting in
concert with the violator, knowingly provided or knowingly caused to be
provided materially false contact information to a domain name
registrar, domain name registry, or other domain name registration
authority in registering, maintaining, or renewing a domain name used
in connection with the violation. Nothing in this subsection limits
what may be considered a willful violation under this section.''.
SEC. 203. AMENDMENT TO TITLE 17, UNITED STATES CODE.
Section 504(c) of title 17, United States Code, is amended by
adding at the end the following new paragraph:
``(3) (A) In a case of infringement, it shall be a rebuttable
presumption that the infringement was committed willfully for
purposes of determining relief if the violator, or a person acting
in concert with the violator, knowingly provided or knowingly
caused to be provided materially false contact information to a
domain name registrar, domain name registry, or other domain name
registration authority in registering, maintaining, or renewing a
domain name used in connection with the infringement.
``(B) Nothing in this paragraph limits what may be considered
willful infringement under this subsection.
``(C) For purposes of this paragraph, the term `domain name'
has the meaning given that term in section 45 of the Act entitled
`An Act to provide for the registration and protection of
trademarks used in commerce, to carry out the provisions of certain
international conventions, and for other purposes' approved July 5,
1946 (commonly referred to as the `Trademark Act of 1946'; 15
U.S.C. 1127).''.
SEC. 204. AMENDMENT TO TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE.
(a) Sentencing Enhancement.--Section 3559 of title 18, United
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``(f)(1) If a defendant who is convicted of a felony offense (other
than offense of which an element is the false registration of a domain
name) knowingly falsely registered a domain name and knowingly used
that domain name in the course of that offense, the maximum
imprisonment otherwise provided by law for that offense shall be
doubled or increased by 7 years, whichever is less.
``(2) As used in this section--
``(A) the term `falsely registers' means registers in a manner
that prevents the effective identification of or contact with the
person who registers; and
``(B) the term `domain name' has the meaning given that term is
section 45 of the Act entitled `An Act to provide for the
registration and protection of trademarks used in commerce, to
carry out the provisions of certain international conventions, and
for other purposes' approved July 5, 1946 (commonly referred to as
the `Trademark Act of 1946') (15 U.S.C. 1127).''.
(b) United States Sentencing Commission.--
(1) Directive.--Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p)
of title 28, United States Code, and in accordance with this
section, the United States Sentencing Commission shall review and
amend the sentencing guidelines and policy statements to ensure
that the applicable guideline range for a defendant convicted of
any felony offense carried out online that may be facilitated
through the use of a domain name registered with materially false
contact information is sufficiently stringent to deter commission
of such acts.
(2) Requirements.--In carrying out this subsection, the
Sentencing Commission shall provide sentencing enhancements for
anyone convicted of any felony offense furthered through knowingly
providing or knowingly causing to be provided materially false
contact information to a domain name registrar, domain name
registry, or other domain name registration authority in
registering, maintaining, or renewing a domain name used in
connection with the violation.
(3) Definition.--For purposes of this subsection, the term
``domain name'' has the meaning given that term in section 45 of
the Act entitled ``An Act to provide for the registration and
protection of trademarks used in commerce, to carry out the
provisions of certain international conventions, and for other
purposes'', approved July 5, 1946 (commonly referred to as the
``Trademark Act of 1946''; 15 U.S.C. 1127).
SEC. 205. CONSTRUCTION.
(a) Free Speech and Press.--Nothing in this title shall enlarge or
diminish any rights of free speech or of the press for activities
related to the registration or use of domain names.
(b) Discretion of Courts in Determining Relief.--Nothing in this
title shall restrict the discretion of a court in determining damages
or other relief to be assessed against a person found liable for the
infringement of intellectual property rights.
(c) Discretion of Courts in Determining Terms of Imprisonment.--
Nothing in this title shall be construed to limit the discretion of a
court to determine the appropriate term of imprisonment for an offense
under applicable law.
TITLE III--COURTS
SEC. 301. ADDITIONAL PLACE OF HOLDING COURT IN THE DISTRICT OF
COLORADO.
Section 85 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting
``Colorado Springs,'' after ``Boulder,''.
SEC. 302. PLACE OF HOLDING COURT IN THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK.
Section 112(a) of title 28, United States Code, is amended by
inserting ``Plattsburgh,'' after ``Malone,''.
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate.