[Congressional Bills 113th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1353 Enrolled Bill (ENR)]
S.1353
One Hundred Thirteenth Congress
of the
United States of America
AT THE SECOND SESSION
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Friday,
the third day of January, two thousand and fourteen
An Act
To provide for an ongoing, voluntary public-private partnership to
improve cybersecurity, and to strengthen cybersecurity research and
development, workforce development and education, and public awareness
and preparedness, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Cybersecurity
Enhancement Act of 2014''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Sec. 3. No regulatory authority.
Sec. 4. No additional funds authorized.
TITLE I--PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLABORATION ON CYBERSECURITY
Sec. 101. Public-private collaboration on cybersecurity.
TITLE II--CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Sec. 201. Federal cybersecurity research and development.
Sec. 202. Computer and network security research centers.
Sec. 203. Cybersecurity automation and checklists for government
systems.
Sec. 204. National Institute of Standards and Technology cybersecurity
research and development.
TITLE III--EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT
Sec. 301. Cybersecurity competitions and challenges.
Sec. 302. Federal cyber scholarship-for-service program.
TITLE IV--CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS AND PREPAREDNESS
Sec. 401. National cybersecurity awareness and education program.
TITLE V--ADVANCEMENT OF CYBERSECURITY TECHNICAL STANDARDS
Sec. 501. Definitions.
Sec. 502. International cybersecurity technical standards.
Sec. 503. Cloud computing strategy.
Sec. 504. Identity management research and development.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) Cybersecurity mission.--The term ``cybersecurity mission''
means activities that encompass the full range of threat reduction,
vulnerability reduction, deterrence, international engagement,
incident response, resiliency, and recovery policies and
activities, including computer network operations, information
assurance, law enforcement, diplomacy, military, and intelligence
missions as such activities relate to the security and stability of
cyberspace.
(2) Information system.--The term ``information system'' has
the meaning given that term in section 3502 of title 44, United
States Code.
SEC. 3. NO REGULATORY AUTHORITY.
Nothing in this Act shall be construed to confer any regulatory
authority on any Federal, State, tribal, or local department or agency.
SEC. 4. NO ADDITIONAL FUNDS AUTHORIZED.
No additional funds are authorized to carry out this Act, and the
amendments made by this Act. This Act, and the amendments made by this
Act, shall be carried out using amounts otherwise authorized or
appropriated.
TITLE I--PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLABORATION ON CYBERSECURITY
SEC. 101. PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLABORATION ON CYBERSECURITY.
(a) Cybersecurity.--Section 2(c) of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(c)) is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (15) through (22) as paragraphs
(16) through (23), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (14) the following:
``(15) on an ongoing basis, facilitate and support the
development of a voluntary, consensus-based, industry-led set of
standards, guidelines, best practices, methodologies, procedures,
and processes to cost-effectively reduce cyber risks to critical
infrastructure (as defined under subsection (e));''.
(b) Scope and Limitations.--Section 2 of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272) is amended by adding at
the end the following:
``(e) Cyber Risks.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out the activities under
subsection (c)(15), the Director--
``(A) shall--
``(i) coordinate closely and regularly with relevant
private sector personnel and entities, critical
infrastructure owners and operators, and other relevant
industry organizations, including Sector Coordinating
Councils and Information Sharing and Analysis Centers, and
incorporate industry expertise;
``(ii) consult with the heads of agencies with national
security responsibilities, sector-specific agencies and
other appropriate agencies, State and local governments,
the governments of other nations, and international
organizations;
``(iii) identify a prioritized, flexible, repeatable,
performance-based, and cost-effective approach, including
information security measures and controls, that may be
voluntarily adopted by owners and operators of critical
infrastructure to help them identify, assess, and manage
cyber risks;
``(iv) include methodologies--
``(I) to identify and mitigate impacts of the
cybersecurity measures or controls on business
confidentiality; and
``(II) to protect individual privacy and civil
liberties;
``(v) incorporate voluntary consensus standards and
industry best practices;
``(vi) align with voluntary international standards to
the fullest extent possible;
``(vii) prevent duplication of regulatory processes and
prevent conflict with or superseding of regulatory
requirements, mandatory standards, and related processes;
and
``(viii) include such other similar and consistent
elements as the Director considers necessary; and
``(B) shall not prescribe or otherwise require--
``(i) the use of specific solutions;
``(ii) the use of specific information or
communications technology products or services; or
``(iii) that information or communications technology
products or services be designed, developed, or
manufactured in a particular manner.
``(2) Limitation.--Information shared with or provided to the
Institute for the purpose of the activities described under
subsection (c)(15) shall not be used by any Federal, State, tribal,
or local department or agency to regulate the activity of any
entity. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to modify any
regulatory requirement to report or submit information to a
Federal, State, tribal, or local department or agency.
``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
``(A) Critical infrastructure.--The term `critical
infrastructure' has the meaning given the term in section
1016(e) of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e)).
``(B) Sector-specific agency.--The term `sector-specific
agency' means the Federal department or agency responsible for
providing institutional knowledge and specialized expertise as
well as leading, facilitating, or supporting the security and
resilience programs and associated activities of its designated
critical infrastructure sector in the all-hazards
environment.''.
(c) Study and Reports.--
(1) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall
conduct a study that assesses--
(A) the progress made by the Director of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology in facilitating the
development of standards and procedures to reduce cyber risks
to critical infrastructure in accordance with section 2(c)(15)
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act, as
added by this section;
(B) the extent to which the Director's facilitation efforts
are consistent with the directive in such section that the
development of such standards and procedures be voluntary and
led by industry representatives;
(C) the extent to which other Federal agencies have
promoted and sectors of critical infrastructure (as defined in
section 1016(e) of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (42 U.S.C.
5195c(e))) have adopted a voluntary, industry-led set of
standards, guidelines, best practices, methodologies,
procedures, and processes to reduce cyber risks to critical
infrastructure in accordance with such section 2(c)(15);
(D) the reasons behind the decisions of sectors of critical
infrastructure (as defined in subparagraph (C)) to adopt or to
not adopt the voluntary standards described in subparagraph
(C); and
(E) the extent to which such voluntary standards have
proved successful in protecting critical infrastructure from
cyber threats.
(2) Reports.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter for the
following 6 years, the Comptroller General shall submit a report,
which summarizes the findings of the study conducted under
paragraph (1), to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology of the House of Representatives.
TITLE II--CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
SEC. 201. FEDERAL CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
(a) Fundamental Cybersecurity Research.--
(1) Federal cybersecurity research and development strategic
plan.--The heads of the applicable agencies and departments,
working through the National Science and Technology Council and the
Networking and Information Technology Research and Development
Program, shall develop and update every 4 years a Federal
cybersecurity research and development strategic plan (referred to
in this subsection as the ``strategic plan'') based on an
assessment of cybersecurity risk to guide the overall direction of
Federal cybersecurity and information assurance research and
development for information technology and networking systems. The
heads of the applicable agencies and departments shall build upon
existing programs and plans to develop the strategic plan to meet
objectives in cybersecurity, such as--
(A) how to design and build complex software-intensive
systems that are secure and reliable when first deployed;
(B) how to test and verify that software and hardware,
whether developed locally or obtained from a third party, is
free of significant known security flaws;
(C) how to test and verify that software and hardware
obtained from a third party correctly implements stated
functionality, and only that functionality;
(D) how to guarantee the privacy of an individual,
including that individual's identity, information, and lawful
transactions when stored in distributed systems or transmitted
over networks;
(E) how to build new protocols to enable the Internet to
have robust security as one of the key capabilities of the
Internet;
(F) how to determine the origin of a message transmitted
over the Internet;
(G) how to support privacy in conjunction with improved
security;
(H) how to address the problem of insider threats;
(I) how improved consumer education and digital literacy
initiatives can address human factors that contribute to
cybersecurity;
(J) how to protect information processed, transmitted, or
stored using cloud computing or transmitted through wireless
services; and
(K) any additional objectives the heads of the applicable
agencies and departments, in coordination with the head of any
relevant Federal agency and with input from stakeholders,
including appropriate national laboratories, industry, and
academia, determine appropriate.
(2) Requirements.--
(A) Contents of plan.--The strategic plan shall--
(i) specify and prioritize near-term, mid-term, and
long-term research objectives, including objectives
associated with the research identified in section 4(a)(1)
of the Cyber Security Research and Development Act (15
U.S.C. 7403(a)(1));
(ii) specify how the near-term objectives described in
clause (i) complement research and development areas in
which the private sector is actively engaged;
(iii) describe how the heads of the applicable agencies
and departments will focus on innovative, transformational
technologies with the potential to enhance the security,
reliability, resilience, and trustworthiness of the digital
infrastructure, and to protect consumer privacy;
(iv) describe how the heads of the applicable agencies
and departments will foster the rapid transfer of research
and development results into new cybersecurity technologies
and applications for the timely benefit of society and the
national interest, including through the dissemination of
best practices and other outreach activities;
(v) describe how the heads of the applicable agencies
and departments will establish and maintain a national
research infrastructure for creating, testing, and
evaluating the next generation of secure networking and
information technology systems; and
(vi) describe how the heads of the applicable agencies
and departments will facilitate access by academic
researchers to the infrastructure described in clause (v),
as well as to relevant data, including event data.
(B) Private sector efforts.--In developing, implementing,
and updating the strategic plan, the heads of the applicable
agencies and departments, working through the National Science
and Technology Council and Networking and Information
Technology Research and Development Program, shall work in
close cooperation with industry, academia, and other interested
stakeholders to ensure, to the extent possible, that Federal
cybersecurity research and development is not duplicative of
private sector efforts.
(C) Recommendations.--In developing and updating the
strategic plan the heads of the applicable agencies and
departments shall solicit recommendations and advice from--
(i) the advisory committee established under section
101(b)(1) of the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15
U.S.C. 5511(b)(1)); and
(ii) a wide range of stakeholders, including industry,
academia, including representatives of minority serving
institutions and community colleges, National Laboratories,
and other relevant organizations and institutions.
(D) Implementation roadmap.--The heads of the applicable
agencies and departments, working through the National Science
and Technology Council and Networking and Information
Technology Research and Development Program, shall develop and
annually update an implementation roadmap for the strategic
plan. The implementation roadmap shall--
(i) specify the role of each Federal agency in carrying
out or sponsoring research and development to meet the
research objectives of the strategic plan, including a
description of how progress toward the research objectives
will be evaluated;
(ii) specify the funding allocated to each major
research objective of the strategic plan and the source of
funding by agency for the current fiscal year;
(iii) estimate the funding required for each major
research objective of the strategic plan for the following
3 fiscal years; and
(iv) track ongoing and completed Federal cybersecurity
research and development projects.
(3) Reports to congress.--The heads of the applicable agencies
and departments, working through the National Science and
Technology Council and Networking and Information Technology
Research and Development Program, shall submit to the Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives--
(A) the strategic plan not later than 1 year after the date
of enactment of this Act;
(B) each quadrennial update to the strategic plan; and
(C) the implementation roadmap under subparagraph (D), and
its annual updates, which shall be appended to the annual
report required under section 101(a)(2)(D) of the High-
Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511(a)(2)(D)).
(4) Definition of applicable agencies and departments.--In this
subsection, the term ``applicable agencies and departments'' means
the agencies and departments identified in clauses (i) through (x)
of section 101(a)(3)(B) of the High-Performance Computing Act of
1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511(a)(3)(B)) or designated under clause (xi) of
that section.
(b) Cybersecurity Practices Research.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation shall support research that--
(1) develops, evaluates, disseminates, and integrates new
cybersecurity practices and concepts into the core curriculum of
computer science programs and of other programs where graduates of
such programs have a substantial probability of developing software
after graduation, including new practices and concepts relating to
secure coding education and improvement programs; and
(2) develops new models for professional development of faculty
in cybersecurity education, including secure coding development.
(c) Cybersecurity Modeling and Test Beds.--
(1) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
of this Act, the Director of the National Science Foundation, in
coordination with the Director of the Office of Science and
Technology Policy, shall conduct a review of cybersecurity test
beds in existence on the date of enactment of this Act to inform
the grants under paragraph (2). The review shall include an
assessment of whether a sufficient number of cybersecurity test
beds are available to meet the research needs under the Federal
cybersecurity research and development strategic plan. Upon
completion, the Director shall submit the review to the Committee
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives.
(2) Additional cybersecurity modeling and test beds.--
(A) In general.--If the Director of the National Science
Foundation, after the review under paragraph (1), determines
that the research needs under the Federal cybersecurity
research and development strategic plan require the
establishment of additional cybersecurity test beds, the
Director of the National Science Foundation, in coordination
with the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Homeland
Security, may award grants to institutions of higher education
or research and development non-profit institutions to
establish cybersecurity test beds.
(B) Requirement.--The cybersecurity test beds under
subparagraph (A) shall be sufficiently robust in order to model
the scale and complexity of real-time cyber attacks and
defenses on real world networks and environments.
(C) Assessment required.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation, in coordination with the Secretary of
Commerce and the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall evaluate
the effectiveness of any grants awarded under this subsection
in meeting the objectives of the Federal cybersecurity research
and development strategic plan not later than 2 years after the
review under paragraph (1) of this subsection, and periodically
thereafter.
(d) Coordination With Other Research Initiatives.--In accordance
with the responsibilities under section 101 of the High-Performance
Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511), the Director of the Office of
Science and Technology Policy shall coordinate, to the extent
practicable, Federal research and development activities under this
section with other ongoing research and development security-related
initiatives, including research being conducted by--
(1) the National Science Foundation;
(2) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
(3) the Department of Homeland Security;
(4) other Federal agencies;
(5) other Federal and private research laboratories, research
entities, and universities;
(6) institutions of higher education;
(7) relevant nonprofit organizations; and
(8) international partners of the United States.
(e) National Science Foundation Computer and Network Security
Research Grant Areas.--Section 4(a)(1) of the Cyber Security Research
and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403(a)(1)) is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``and'' at the end;
(2) in subparagraph (I), by striking the period at the end and
inserting a semicolon; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
``(J) secure fundamental protocols that are integral to
inter-network communications and data exchange;
``(K) secure software engineering and software assurance,
including--
``(i) programming languages and systems that include
fundamental security features;
``(ii) portable or reusable code that remains secure
when deployed in various environments;
``(iii) verification and validation technologies to
ensure that requirements and specifications have been
implemented; and
``(iv) models for comparison and metrics to assure that
required standards have been met;
``(L) holistic system security that--
``(i) addresses the building of secure systems from
trusted and untrusted components;
``(ii) proactively reduces vulnerabilities;
``(iii) addresses insider threats; and
``(iv) supports privacy in conjunction with improved
security;
``(M) monitoring and detection;
``(N) mitigation and rapid recovery methods;
``(O) security of wireless networks and mobile devices; and
``(P) security of cloud infrastructure and services.''.
(f) Research on the Science of Cybersecurity.--The head of each
agency and department identified under section 101(a)(3)(B) of the
High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511(a)(3)(B)),
through existing programs and activities, shall support research that
will lead to the development of a scientific foundation for the field
of cybersecurity, including research that increases understanding of
the underlying principles of securing complex networked systems,
enables repeatable experimentation, and creates quantifiable security
metrics.
SEC. 202. COMPUTER AND NETWORK SECURITY RESEARCH CENTERS.
Section 4(b) of the Cyber Security Research and Development Act (15
U.S.C. 7403(b)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``the research areas'' and
inserting the following: ``improving the security and resiliency of
information technology, reducing cyber vulnerabilities, and
anticipating and mitigating consequences of cyber attacks on
critical infrastructure, by conducting research in the areas'';
(2) by striking ``the center'' in paragraph (4)(D) and
inserting ``the Center''; and
(3) in paragraph (5)--
(A) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (C);
(B) by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (D)
and inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(E) the demonstrated capability of the applicant to
conduct high performance computation integral to complex
computer and network security research, through on-site or off-
site computing;
``(F) the applicant's affiliation with private sector
entities involved with industrial research described in
subsection (a)(1);
``(G) the capability of the applicant to conduct research
in a secure environment;
``(H) the applicant's affiliation with existing research
programs of the Federal Government;
``(I) the applicant's experience managing public-private
partnerships to transition new technologies into a commercial
setting or the government user community;
``(J) the capability of the applicant to conduct
interdisciplinary cybersecurity research, basic and applied,
such as in law, economics, or behavioral sciences; and
``(K) the capability of the applicant to conduct research
in areas such as systems security, wireless security,
networking and protocols, formal methods and high-performance
computing, nanotechnology, or industrial control systems.''.
SEC. 203. CYBERSECURITY AUTOMATION AND CHECKLISTS FOR GOVERNMENT
SYSTEMS.
Section 8(c) of the Cyber Security Research and Development Act (15
U.S.C. 7406(c)) is amended to read as follows:
``(c) Security Automation and Checklists for Government Systems.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology shall, as necessary, develop and revise
security automation standards, associated reference materials
(including protocols), and checklists providing settings and option
selections that minimize the security risks associated with each
information technology hardware or software system and security
tool that is, or is likely to become, widely used within the
Federal Government, thereby enabling standardized and interoperable
technologies, architectures, and frameworks for continuous
monitoring of information security within the Federal Government.
``(2) Priorities for development.--The Director of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology shall establish priorities
for the development of standards, reference materials, and
checklists under this subsection on the basis of--
``(A) the security risks associated with the use of the
system;
``(B) the number of agencies that use a particular system
or security tool;
``(C) the usefulness of the standards, reference materials,
or checklists to Federal agencies that are users or potential
users of the system;
``(D) the effectiveness of the associated standard,
reference material, or checklist in creating or enabling
continuous monitoring of information security; or
``(E) such other factors as the Director of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology determines to be
appropriate.
``(3) Excluded systems.--The Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology may exclude from the application of
paragraph (1) any information technology hardware or software
system or security tool for which such Director determines that the
development of a standard, reference material, or checklist is
inappropriate because of the infrequency of use of the system, the
obsolescence of the system, or the lack of utility or
impracticability of developing a standard, reference material, or
checklist for the system.
``(4) Dissemination of standards and related materials.--The
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
shall ensure that Federal agencies are informed of the availability
of any standard, reference material, checklist, or other item
developed under this subsection.
``(5) Agency use requirements.--The development of standards,
reference materials, and checklists under paragraph (1) for an
information technology hardware or software system or tool does
not--
``(A) require any Federal agency to select the specific
settings or options recommended by the standard, reference
material, or checklist for the system;
``(B) establish conditions or prerequisites for Federal
agency procurement or deployment of any such system;
``(C) imply an endorsement of any such system by the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
or
``(D) preclude any Federal agency from procuring or
deploying other information technology hardware or software
systems for which no such standard, reference material, or
checklist has been developed or identified under paragraph
(1).''.
SEC. 204. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY
CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
Section 20 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-3) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
``(e) Intramural Security Research.--As part of the research
activities conducted in accordance with subsection (d)(3), the
Institute shall, to the extent practicable and appropriate--
``(1) conduct a research program to develop a unifying and
standardized identity, privilege, and access control management
framework for the execution of a wide variety of resource
protection policies and that is amenable to implementation within a
wide variety of existing and emerging computing environments;
``(2) carry out research associated with improving the security
of information systems and networks;
``(3) carry out research associated with improving the testing,
measurement, usability, and assurance of information systems and
networks;
``(4) carry out research associated with improving security of
industrial control systems;
``(5) carry out research associated with improving the security
and integrity of the information technology supply chain; and
``(6) carry out any additional research the Institute
determines appropriate.''.
TITLE III--EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT
SEC. 301. CYBERSECURITY COMPETITIONS AND CHALLENGES.
(a) In General.--The Secretary of Commerce, Director of the
National Science Foundation, and Secretary of Homeland Security, in
consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management,
shall--
(1) support competitions and challenges under section 24 of the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719)
(as amended by section 105 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization
Act of 2010 (124 Stat. 3989)) or any other provision of law, as
appropriate--
(A) to identify, develop, and recruit talented individuals
to perform duties relating to the security of information
technology in Federal, State, local, and tribal government
agencies, and the private sector; or
(B) to stimulate innovation in basic and applied
cybersecurity research, technology development, and prototype
demonstration that has the potential for application to the
information technology activities of the Federal Government;
and
(2) ensure the effective operation of the competitions and
challenges under this section.
(b) Participation.--Participants in the competitions and challenges
under subsection (a)(1) may include--
(1) students enrolled in grades 9 through 12;
(2) students enrolled in a postsecondary program of study
leading to a baccalaureate degree at an institution of higher
education;
(3) students enrolled in a postbaccalaureate program of study
at an institution of higher education;
(4) institutions of higher education and research institutions;
(5) veterans; and
(6) other groups or individuals that the Secretary of Commerce,
Director of the National Science Foundation, and Secretary of
Homeland Security determine appropriate.
(c) Affiliation and Cooperative Agreements.--Competitions and
challenges under this section may be carried out through affiliation
and cooperative agreements with--
(1) Federal agencies;
(2) regional, State, or school programs supporting the
development of cyber professionals;
(3) State, local, and tribal governments; or
(4) other private sector organizations.
(d) Areas of Skill.--Competitions and challenges under subsection
(a)(1)(A) shall be designed to identify, develop, and recruit
exceptional talent relating to--
(1) ethical hacking;
(2) penetration testing;
(3) vulnerability assessment;
(4) continuity of system operations;
(5) security in design;
(6) cyber forensics;
(7) offensive and defensive cyber operations; and
(8) other areas the Secretary of Commerce, Director of the
National Science Foundation, and Secretary of Homeland Security
consider necessary to fulfill the cybersecurity mission.
(e) Topics.--In selecting topics for competitions and challenges
under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary of Commerce, Director of the
National Science Foundation, and Secretary of Homeland Security--
(1) shall consult widely both within and outside the Federal
Government; and
(2) may empanel advisory committees.
(f) Internships.--The Director of the Office of Personnel
Management may support, as appropriate, internships or other work
experience in the Federal Government to the winners of the competitions
and challenges under this section.
SEC. 302. FEDERAL CYBER SCHOLARSHIP-FOR-SERVICE PROGRAM.
(a) In General.--The Director of the National Science Foundation,
in coordination with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management
and Secretary of Homeland Security, shall continue a Federal cyber
scholarship-for-service program to recruit and train the next
generation of information technology professionals, industrial control
system security professionals, and security managers to meet the needs
of the cybersecurity mission for Federal, State, local, and tribal
governments.
(b) Program Description and Components.--The Federal Cyber
Scholarship-for-Service Program shall--
(1) provide scholarships through qualified institutions of
higher education, including community colleges, to students who are
enrolled in programs of study at institutions of higher education
leading to degrees or specialized program certifications in the
cybersecurity field;
(2) provide the scholarship recipients with summer internship
opportunities or other meaningful temporary appointments in the
Federal information technology workforce; and
(3) prioritize the employment placement of scholarship
recipients in the Federal Government.
(c) Scholarship Amounts.--Each scholarship under subsection (b)
shall be in an amount that covers the student's tuition and fees at the
institution under subsection (b)(1) for not more than 3 years and
provides the student with an additional stipend.
(d) Post-award Employment Obligations.--Each scholarship recipient,
as a condition of receiving a scholarship under the program, shall
enter into an agreement under which the recipient agrees to work in the
cybersecurity mission of a Federal, State, local, or tribal agency for
a period equal to the length of the scholarship following receipt of
the student's degree.
(e) Hiring Authority.--
(1) Appointment in excepted service.--Notwithstanding any
provision of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, governing
appointments in the competitive service, an agency shall appoint in
the excepted service an individual who has completed the eligible
degree program for which a scholarship was awarded.
(2) Noncompetitive conversion.--Except as provided in paragraph
(4), upon fulfillment of the service term, an employee appointed
under paragraph (1) may be converted noncompetitively to term,
career-conditional or career appointment.
(3) Timing of conversion.--An agency may noncompetitively
convert a term employee appointed under paragraph (2) to a career-
conditional or career appointment before the term appointment
expires.
(4) Authority to decline conversion.--An agency may decline to
make the noncompetitive conversion or appointment under paragraph
(2) for cause.
(f) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a scholarship under
this section, an individual shall--
(1) be a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United
States;
(2) demonstrate a commitment to a career in improving the
security of information technology;
(3) have demonstrated a high level of proficiency in
mathematics, engineering, or computer sciences;
(4) be a full-time student in an eligible degree program at a
qualified institution of higher education, as determined by the
Director of the National Science Foundation; and
(5) accept the terms of a scholarship under this section.
(g) Conditions of Support.--
(1) In general.--As a condition of receiving a scholarship
under this section, a recipient shall agree to provide the
qualified institution of higher education with annual verifiable
documentation of post-award employment and up-to-date contact
information.
(2) Terms.--A scholarship recipient under this section shall be
liable to the United States as provided in subsection (i) if the
individual--
(A) fails to maintain an acceptable level of academic
standing at the applicable institution of higher education, as
determined by the Director of the National Science Foundation;
(B) is dismissed from the applicable institution of higher
education for disciplinary reasons;
(C) withdraws from the eligible degree program before
completing the program;
(D) declares that the individual does not intend to fulfill
the post-award employment obligation under this section; or
(E) fails to fulfill the post-award employment obligation
of the individual under this section.
(h) Monitoring Compliance.--As a condition of participating in the
program, a qualified institution of higher education shall--
(1) enter into an agreement with the Director of the National
Science Foundation, to monitor the compliance of scholarship
recipients with respect to their post-award employment obligations;
and
(2) provide to the Director of the National Science Foundation,
on an annual basis, the post-award employment documentation
required under subsection (g)(1) for scholarship recipients through
the completion of their post-award employment obligations.
(i) Amount of Repayment.--
(1) Less than 1 year of service.--If a circumstance described
in subsection (g)(2) occurs before the completion of 1 year of a
post-award employment obligation under this section, the total
amount of scholarship awards received by the individual under this
section shall--
(A) be repaid; or
(B) be treated as a loan to be repaid in accordance with
subsection (j).
(2) 1 or more years of service.--If a circumstance described in
subparagraph (D) or (E) of subsection (g)(2) occurs after the
completion of 1 or more years of a post-award employment obligation
under this section, the total amount of scholarship awards received
by the individual under this section, reduced by the ratio of the
number of years of service completed divided by the number of years
of service required, shall--
(A) be repaid; or
(B) be treated as a loan to be repaid in accordance with
subsection (j).
(j) Repayments.--A loan described subsection (i) shall--
(1) be treated as a Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loan
under part D of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
U.S.C. 1087a et seq.); and
(2) be subject to repayment, together with interest thereon
accruing from the date of the scholarship award, in accordance with
terms and conditions specified by the Director of the National
Science Foundation (in consultation with the Secretary of
Education) in regulations promulgated to carry out this subsection.
(k) Collection of Repayment.--
(1) In general.--In the event that a scholarship recipient is
required to repay the scholarship award under this section, the
qualified institution of higher education providing the scholarship
shall--
(A) determine the repayment amounts and notify the
recipient and the Director of the National Science Foundation
of the amounts owed; and
(B) collect the repayment amounts within a period of time
as determined by the Director of the National Science
Foundation, or the repayment amounts shall be treated as a loan
in accordance with subsection (j).
(2) Returned to treasury.--Except as provided in paragraph (3),
any repayment under this subsection shall be returned to the
Treasury of the United States.
(3) Retain percentage.--A qualified institution of higher
education may retain a percentage of any repayment the institution
collects under this subsection to defray administrative costs
associated with the collection. The Director of the National
Science Foundation shall establish a single, fixed percentage that
will apply to all eligible entities.
(l) Exceptions.--The Director of the National Science Foundation
may provide for the partial or total waiver or suspension of any
service or payment obligation by an individual under this section
whenever compliance by the individual with the obligation is impossible
or would involve extreme hardship to the individual, or if enforcement
of such obligation with respect to the individual would be
unconscionable.
(m) Evaluation and Report.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation shall evaluate and report periodically to Congress on the
success of recruiting individuals for scholarships under this section
and on hiring and retaining those individuals in the public sector
workforce.
TITLE IV--CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS AND PREPAREDNESS
SEC. 401. NATIONAL CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS AND EDUCATION PROGRAM.
(a) National Cybersecurity Awareness and Education Program.--The
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(referred to in this section as the ``Director''), in consultation with
appropriate Federal agencies, industry, educational institutions,
National Laboratories, the Networking and Information Technology
Research and Development program, and other organizations shall
continue to coordinate a national cybersecurity awareness and education
program, that includes activities such as--
(1) the widespread dissemination of cybersecurity technical
standards and best practices identified by the Director;
(2) efforts to make cybersecurity best practices usable by
individuals, small to medium-sized businesses, educational
institutions, and State, local, and tribal governments;
(3) increasing public awareness of cybersecurity, cyber safety,
and cyber ethics;
(4) increasing the understanding of State, local, and tribal
governments, institutions of higher education, and private sector
entities of--
(A) the benefits of ensuring effective risk management of
information technology versus the costs of failure to do so;
and
(B) the methods to mitigate and remediate vulnerabilities;
(5) supporting formal cybersecurity education programs at all
education levels to prepare and improve a skilled cybersecurity and
computer science workforce for the private sector and Federal,
State, local, and tribal government; and
(6) promoting initiatives to evaluate and forecast future
cybersecurity workforce needs of the Federal Government and develop
strategies for recruitment, training, and retention.
(b) Considerations.--In carrying out the authority described in
subsection (a), the Director, in consultation with appropriate Federal
agencies, shall leverage existing programs designed to inform the
public of safety and security of products or services, including self-
certifications and independently verified assessments regarding the
quantification and valuation of information security risk.
(c) Strategic Plan.--The Director, in cooperation with relevant
Federal agencies and other stakeholders, shall build upon programs and
plans in effect as of the date of enactment of this Act to develop and
implement a strategic plan to guide Federal programs and activities in
support of the national cybersecurity awareness and education program
under subsection (a).
(d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
this Act, and every 5 years thereafter, the Director shall transmit the
strategic plan under subsection (c) to the Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives.
TITLE V--ADVANCEMENT OF CYBERSECURITY TECHNICAL STANDARDS
SEC. 501. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
(2) Institute.--The term ``Institute'' means the National
Institute of Standards and Technology.
SEC. 502. INTERNATIONAL CYBERSECURITY TECHNICAL STANDARDS.
(a) In General.--The Director, in coordination with appropriate
Federal authorities, shall--
(1) as appropriate, ensure coordination of Federal agencies
engaged in the development of international technical standards
related to information system security; and
(2) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this
Act, develop and transmit to Congress a plan for ensuring such
Federal agency coordination.
(b) Consultation With the Private Sector.--In carrying out the
activities specified in subsection (a)(1), the Director shall ensure
consultation with appropriate private sector stakeholders.
SEC. 503. CLOUD COMPUTING STRATEGY.
(a) In General.--The Director, in coordination with the Office of
Management and Budget, in collaboration with the Federal Chief
Information Officers Council, and in consultation with other relevant
Federal agencies and stakeholders from the private sector, shall
continue to develop and encourage the implementation of a comprehensive
strategy for the use and adoption of cloud computing services by the
Federal Government.
(b) Activities.--In carrying out the strategy described under
subsection (a), the Director shall give consideration to activities
that--
(1) accelerate the development, in collaboration with the
private sector, of standards that address interoperability and
portability of cloud computing services;
(2) advance the development of conformance testing performed by
the private sector in support of cloud computing standardization;
and
(3) support, in coordination with the Office of Management and
Budget, and in consultation with the private sector, the
development of appropriate security frameworks and reference
materials, and the identification of best practices, for use by
Federal agencies to address security and privacy requirements to
enable the use and adoption of cloud computing services, including
activities--
(A) to ensure the physical security of cloud computing data
centers and the data stored in such centers;
(B) to ensure secure access to the data stored in cloud
computing data centers;
(C) to develop security standards as required under section
20 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act
(15 U.S.C. 278g-3); and
(D) to support the development of the automation of
continuous monitoring systems.
SEC. 504. IDENTITY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
The Director shall continue a program to support the development of
voluntary and cost-effective technical standards, metrology, testbeds,
and conformance criteria, taking into account appropriate user
concerns--
(1) to improve interoperability among identity management
technologies;
(2) to strengthen authentication methods of identity management
systems;
(3) to improve privacy protection in identity management
systems, including health information technology systems, through
authentication and security protocols; and
(4) to improve the usability of identity management systems.
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate.