[Congressional Bills 113th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 960 Reported in Senate (RS)]
Calendar No. 147
113th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 960
[Report No. 113-79]
To foster stability in Syria, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
May 15, 2013
Mr. Menendez (for himself, Mr. Corker, Mr. Coons, and Mr. Casey)
introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the
Committee on Foreign Relations
July 24, 2013
Reported by Mr. Menendez, with amendments
[Omit the part struck through and insert the part printed in italic]
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To foster stability in Syria, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Syria Transition
Support Act of 2013''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Appropriate congressional committees defined.
Sec. 3. Findings.
Sec. 4. Sense of the Senate.
Sec. <DELETED>4.</DELETED>5. Purposes of assistance.
Sec. <DELETED>5.</DELETED>6. No authorization for the use of military
force.
TITLE I--UNITED STATES STRATEGY AND CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT
Sec. 101. Report on United States strategy on Syria.
Sec. 102. Congressional oversight of United States Government
activities in Syria.
TITLE II--HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE
Sec. 201. Humanitarian assistance to the people of Syria.
Sec. 202. Humanitarian and development assistance through international
organizations.
Sec. 203. Bilateral assistance to countries that host Syrian refugees.
Sec. <DELETED>202.</DELETED>204. Sense of Congress.
Sec. <DELETED>203.</DELETED>205. Report on strategy to communicate to
the Syrian people about assistance provided
by the United States Government.
Sec. 206. No authorization for new humanitarian funds.
TITLE III--PROMOTING AN EFFECTIVE TRANSITION
Sec. 301. Syria Transition Fund.
Sec. 302. Adjusting sanctions provisions in preparation for a political
transition.
Sec. 303. Report on Syrian weapons stockpiles.
Sec. 304. Pre-transition international consensus.
Sec. 305. International support for a peaceful transition.
TITLE IV--SANCTIONS
Sec. 401. Definitions.
<DELETED>Sec. 402. Imposition of sanctions with respect to selling,
transferring, or transporting defense
articles, defense services, or military
training to the Assad regime of Syria.
<DELETED>Sec. 403. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons
providing petroleum or petroleum products
to the Assad regime of Syria.
</DELETED>Sec. 402. Imposition of sanctions with respect to the sale,
transfer, or transportation of defense
articles, defense services, or military
training to the Assad regime of Syria.
Sec. 403. Imposition of sanctions with respect to the provision of
petroleum or petroleum products to the
Assad regime of Syria.
Sec. 404. Sanctions described.
<DELETED>Sec. 405. Waivers.
</DELETED>Sec. 405. National security waiver.
Sec. 406. Sense of Congress on sanctions.
TITLE V--INCREASED SUPPORT FOR THE OPPOSITION
Sec. 501. Lethal and increased non-lethal support for the vetted
opposition.
Sec. 502. Prohibition on aid to Free Syrian Army in event of chemical
weapons use.
Sec. 503. Prohibition on aid to Free Syrian Army in event of sale or
illegal transfer of United States defense
articles or services.
SEC. 2. APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DEFINED.
In this Act, except as specifically provided in title IV of this
Act, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 3. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Since mass peaceful demonstrations started in Syria on
March 15, 2011, the Government of Syria, led by Bashar al-
Assad, has responded by committing human rights abuses and
launching a violent crackdown that has claimed an estimated
70,000 lives and degenerated into a civil war.
(2) The civil war has caused a humanitarian crisis.
According to the United Nations, there are more than 1,400,000
Syrian refugees registered in Lebanon, Turkey, Jordan, Egypt,
and Iraq and more than 2,600,000 Syrians displaced within the
country. More than three-quarters of refugees and internally
displaced persons are women and children.
(3) The refugee crisis threatens the stability of the
Middle East, putting immense burdens on Syria's neighbors, most
notably Lebanon and Jordan, but also Turkey and Iraq.
(4) The civil war has increased the danger that the Assad
regime could lose control of its chemical weapons stockpile,
with the chemical weapons potentially falling into the hands of
terrorist groups like Hizballah and al Qaeda.
(5) On April 25, 2013, the White House issued a letter to
Congress stating that ``our intelligence community does assess
with varying degrees of confidence that the Syrian regime has
used chemical weapons on a small scale in Syria, specifically
the chemical agent Sarin''.
(6) The security vacuum in Syria has created a safe haven
for both Shia and Sunni extremists, which could threaten the
security of the United States and its partners in the region.
(7) Instability in Syria has threatened Israel's security,
particularly on the shared border along the Golan Heights.
(8) A change of government in Syria could be a significant
blow to the Government of Iran and Hizballah, which would lose
a strong ally and which have also been aggressively providing
military and other assistance to Bashar al-Assad's forces,
including through the trafficking of weapons and supplies on
commercial flights originating from or terminating in Iran.
(9) The commitments made by the National Coalition for
Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces at the international
meeting in Istanbul on April 20 and 21, 2013, constitute an
important endorsement of shared principles and objectives that
should guide United States Government cooperation with the
National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition
Forces and affiliated forces. These principles include a
commitment to the territorial integrity of Syria, a rejection
of sectarianism and extremism, and pledges to secure chemical
weapons and support nonproliferation efforts.
(10) It is vital to the national security interests of the
United States to ensure that the United States planning and
programs, specifically those conducted under the authorities or
funding provided in or authorized under this Act, are focused
on ensuring a stable and appropriate political transition in
Syria and limiting the threats posed by extremist groups,
weapons proliferation, sectarian and ethnic violence, and
refugee flows in the aftermath of the current conflict.
(11) The President's goals of Assad leaving power, an end
to the violence, and a negotiated political settlement in Syria
are prerequisites for a stable, democratic future for Syria and
regional peace and security, but absent decisive changes to the
present military balance of power on the ground in Syria,
sufficient incentives do not yet exist for the achievement of
such goals.
(12) The leadership of many United States friends and
allies, including the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the
President of France, the Prime Minister of Turkey, the King of
Jordan, the King of Saudi Arabia, the Crown Prince of the
United Arab Emirates, and the Amir of Qatar, have stated their
strong support for more robust international response to change
the military balance of power on the ground in Syria.
(13) The President should increase his consultations with
Congress regarding what additional resources and authorities
may be necessary to support United States national security
interests in Syria, including the defense of United States
allies and partners in the Middle East.
SEC. 4. SENSE OF THE SENATE.
It is the sense of the Senate that the United States--
(1) strongly condemns the ongoing violence and widespread
human rights violations perpetrated against the Syrian people
by the regime of President Bashar al-Assad;
(2) should support civilians and innocent victims of the
conflict in Syria, particularly women and children who are
displaced and vulnerable to physical and psychological
exploitation;
(3) affirms the neutrality of medical professionals
providing humanitarian assistance and health care on a non-
political basis and condemns attacks against such personnel or
interference in the provision of medical care;
(4) should support efforts of democratically oriented
political opposition groups in Syria to agree upon a political
transition plan that is inclusive and protects the rights of
all minority ethnic groups in the country;
(5) welcomes the pledges of humanitarian assistance made by
the Governments of Australia, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, China,
India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Morocco, New Zealand,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and
members of the European Union, and encourages prompt delivery
of those pledges, which will contribute to meeting the needs of
the victims of this conflict, and encourages all donors to
coordinate with the United Nations;
(6) should help ensure that, once a stable transitional
government is established in Syria, it is committed to
multiparty democracy, open and transparent governance, respect
for human rights and religious freedom, protection of refugees
and asylees, promoting peace and stability with its neighbors,
enhancing the rule of law, and rehabilitating and reintegrating
former combatants; and
(7) should fully implement existing sanctions on Syria,
including Executive Order 13606, dated April 22, 2012, which
sanctions any individual or entity that assists or enables the
commission of serious human rights abuses, through computer or
network disruption, tracking, or monitoring, by the Government
of Syria or the Government of Iran.
SEC. <DELETED>4.</DELETED>5. PURPOSES OF ASSISTANCE.
The purposes of assistance authorized by this Act are--
(1) to support transition from the current regime to a just
and democratic state that is inclusive and protects the rights
of all Syrians regardless of religion, ethnicity, or gender;
(2) to assist the people of Syria, especially internally
displaced persons and refugees, in meeting basic needs
including access to food, health care, shelter, and clean
drinking water;
(3) to provide political and economic support to those
neighboring countries who are hosting refugees fleeing Syria
and to international organizations that are providing
assistance and coordinating humanitarian relief efforts;
(4) to oppose the unlawful use of violence against
civilians by all parties to the conflict in Syria;
(5) to use a broad array of instruments of national power
to expedite a negotiated solution to the conflict in Syria,
including the departure of Bashar al-Assad;
(6) to recognize the National Coalition for Syrian
Revolutionary and Opposition Forces (in this Act referred to as
the ``Syrian Opposition Coalition'' or ``SOC'') as a legitimate
representative of the Syrian people;
(7) to engage with opposition groups that reflect United
States interests and values, most notably the Syrian Opposition
Coalition, any legitimate successor groups, including
appropriate subgroups within the opposition that are
representative of the Syrian people, as well as the broader
international community, that are committed to facilitating an
orderly transition to a more stable democratic political order,
including--
(A) protecting human rights, expanding political
participation, and providing religious freedom to all
Syrians, irrespective of religion, ethnicity, or
gender;
(B) supporting the rule of law;
(C) rejecting terrorism and extremist ideologies;
(D) subordinating the military to civilian
authority;
(E) protecting the Syrian population against
sectarian violence and reprisals;
(F) cooperating with international counterterrorism
and nonproliferation efforts, as well as securing,
dismantling, and eventual destruction of any inherited
nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons of mass
destruction (WMD) or WMD-related programs;
(G) supporting regional stability and avoiding
interference in the affairs of neighboring countries;
and
(H) establishing a strong justice system and
ensuring accountability for conflict-related crimes;
(8) to promote the territorial integrity of Syria and
continuity of the Syrian state by supporting a post-Assad
government that is capable of providing security, services, and
political and religious rights to its people;
(9) to provide foreign assistance, defense articles,
defense services, and training to specific members of the
Syrian Supreme Military Council, particular units of the Free
Syrian Army, and other Syrian entities opposed to the
government of Bashar al-Assad that have been properly and fully
vetted and share common values and interests with the United
States;
(10) to closely coordinate with key partners on contingency
planning, including Turkey, Jordan, Israel, the Gulf
Cooperation Council, and the European Union, to ensure that
these partners are prepared for an appropriate response to the
evolving situation in Syria, including being ready and capable
of securing of chemical or biological weapons or other
proliferation emergencies, preventing the flow of fighters and
weapons out of Syria into neighboring countries, or taking
other measures against the Government of Syria, including
contingency planning for a no-fly zone;
(11) to support efforts to identify and document the
activities of those individuals who target or lead units or
organizations that target civilian populations and vulnerable
populations, including women and children, or have engaged in
otherwise unlawful acts, and to ensure that they are held
accountable <DELETED>for their actions; and
</DELETED> (12)</DELETED> to ensure a stable and appropriate
political </DELETED> for their actions;
(12) to support programs that provide scholars, scientists,
and tertiary level students in Syria and their families, whose
lives, health, and freedoms are at risk as a result of their
academic pursuits, fellowship and scholarship opportunities at
safe host universities outside Syria in order to ensure that
they can be an asset to the rebuilding of a stable and
democratic Syria; and
(13) to ensure a stable and appropriate political
transition in Syria and limit the threats posed by extremist
groups, weapons proliferation, sectarian and ethnic violence,
and refugee flows in the aftermath of the current conflict.
SEC. <DELETED>5.</DELETED>6. NO AUTHORIZATION FOR THE USE OF MILITARY
FORCE.
Nothing in this Act shall be construed as providing authorization
for the use of military force by the United States Armed Forces.
TITLE I--UNITED STATES STRATEGY AND CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT
SEC. 101. REPORT ON UNITED STATES STRATEGY ON SYRIA.
(a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees an unclassified report, with an
classified annex, as necessary, on an integrated United States
Government strategy to achieve the purposes set forth in section
<DELETED>4</DELETED> 5.
(b) Metrics.--The strategy referenced in subsection (a) should
include specific proposed actions to be taken by each relevant
government agency, a timeframe for beginning and completing such
actions, and metrics for evaluating the success of each proposed action
relative to the purpose of such action.
(c) International Engagement Strategy.--The strategy referenced in
subsection (a) should specifically include sections describing specific
United States Government programs and efforts--
(1) to establish international consensus on the transition
and post-transition period and government in Syria;
(2) to work with the Government of Russia on the situation
in Syria and the transition and post-transition period and
government in Syria, including how such programs can leverage
the shared interests of the United States and Russia in
avoiding the expansion of extremist ideologies and terrorist
groups in Syria and the region;
(3) to work with the Friends of Syria group to ensure that
extremist and terrorist groups in Syria are isolated and that
the core of the opposition can be brought to the negotiating
table; and
(4) to build an international consensus to limit and, to
the greatest extent possible eliminate, support from the
Government of Iran for the Syrian regime, including a potential
ban on all commercial flights between Iran and Syria.
(d) Congressional Consultation.--The President shall actively
consult with the appropriate congressional committees prior to the
submission of the report required under subsection (a).
SEC. 102. CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT OF UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
ACTIVITIES IN SYRIA.
(a) In General.--The President shall keep Congress, through the
appropriate congressional committees, fully and currently informed of
all United States Government activities with respect to Syria,
including activities and programs conducted or funded pursuant to this
Act.
(b) Reporting.--The President shall provide a classified briefing
not less than on a quarterly basis to the appropriate congressional
committees detailing all United States Government activities with
respect to Syria, including activities and programs conducted or funded
pursuant to this Act.
TITLE II--HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE
SEC. 201. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO THE PEOPLE OF SYRIA.
<DELETED>(a)</DELETED> Authority.--</DELETED>Notwithstanding any
other provision of law that restricts the provision of United States
economic or other non-military assistance in Syria, the President is
authorized to provide economic and other non-military assistance to
meet humanitarian needs to the people of Syria, either directly or
through appropriate groups and organizations pursuant to the provisions
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) or the
Migration and Refugee Assistance Act (22 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.).
<DELETED> (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall
be construed to authorize new or additional funding for humanitarian
needs.</DELETED>
SEC. 202. HUMANITARIAN AND DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE THROUGH INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS.
The President should instruct the United States permanent
representative or executive director, as the case may be, to the United
Nations voluntary agencies, including the World Food Program, the
United Nations Development Program, the United Nations Children's Fund,
and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and other
appropriate international organizations such as the International
Committee of the Red Cross to use the voice and vote of the United
States to support humanitarian and development assistance for the
people of Syria in order to accomplish the purposes described in
section 5.
SEC. 203. BILATERAL ASSISTANCE TO COUNTRIES THAT HOST SYRIAN REFUGEES.
The President should support bilateral refugee assistance programs
in countries, including Iraq, Jordan, Turkey, Egypt, and Lebanon, which
have experienced an influx of refugees from Syria.
SEC. <DELETED>202.</DELETED>204. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
Consistent with the policy objectives described in section
<DELETED>4</DELETED> 5, it is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the United States should continue to coordinate with
other donor nations, the United Nations, other multilateral
agencies, and nongovernmental organizations to enhance the
effectiveness of humanitarian assistance to the people
suffering as a result of the crisis in Syria;
(2) countries hosting Syrian refugees should be commended
for their efforts and should be encouraged to maintain an open
border policy for fleeing Syrians;
(3) the United States Government should continue to work
with these partners to help their national systems accommodate
the population influx and also maintain delivery of basic
services to their own citizens; and
<DELETED> (4) the United States Government should seek to
identify humanitarian assistance as originating from the
American people wherever possible and to the fullest extent
practicable, while maintaining consideration for the health and
safety of the implementers and recipients of that assistance
and the achievement of United States policy goals and the
purposes set forth in section 4.</DELETED>
(4) all assistance made available under this section
should, without restricting the ability of a contractor or
grantee to use its own organizational brand or logo for
purposes of identification (subject to such standards or
regulations as the President may establish), be identified as
being ``From the American People'' if the relevant Assistant
Secretary of State, in consultation with the implementing
partner, determines that such identification would not--
(A) jeopardize the safety or impartiality of
implementing partners that deliver the assistance;
(B) jeopardize the health and safety of the
intended beneficiaries;
(C) compromise the intrinsic independence or
neutrality of a program or materials where implementing
partner independence or neutrality is inherently
important to the success of the effort;
(D) undermine United States efforts to empower the
democratically oriented political opposition; or
(E) otherwise render the provision of assistance
impracticable.
SEC. <DELETED>203.</DELETED>205. REPORT ON STRATEGY TO COMMUNICATE TO
THE SYRIAN PEOPLE ABOUT ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY THE UNITED
STATES GOVERNMENT.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees an unclassified report with a
classified annex, as necessary, on an integrated United States
Government strategy to ensure that the people of <DELETED>Syria people</DELETED>
Syria are made aware to the maximum extent possible of the assistance
that the United States Government provides to Syrians both inside Syria
and those seeking refuge in neighboring countries.
(b) Content.--The report should include the following elements:
(1) A discussion of how the United States balances three
imperatives of--
(A) maximizing the efficacy of aid provided to the
people of Syria;
(B) ensuring that there is awareness among the
people of Syria on the amount and nature of this aid;
and
(C) leveraging this aid to improve the credibility
of the Syrian Opposition Coalition amongst the people
of Syria.
(2) Methods by which the United States Government and its
partners plan to communicate to the people of Syria what
assistance the United States has provided.
(3) A plan, with specific action, timelines, and evaluation
metrics for promoting awareness of the United States
Government's assistance to the maximum extent possible while
taking into consideration and ensuring the safety of its
implementing partners and personnel providing that assistance
and the achievement of the United States policy goals and the
purposes set forth in section <DELETED>4</DELETED> 5.
(4) An assessment of the Syrian Opposition Coalition's
Assistance Coordination Unit (ACU)'s, or any appropriate
successor entity's, capacity to participate in the distribution
of assistance, and a description of steps the United States
Government is taking to increase their profile so as to help
build their credibility among Syrians.
SEC. 206. NO AUTHORIZATION FOR NEW HUMANITARIAN FUNDS.
Nothing in this title shall be construed to authorize new or
additional funding for humanitarian needs or aid to international
organizations.
TITLE III--PROMOTING AN EFFECTIVE TRANSITION
SEC. 301. SYRIA TRANSITION FUND.
(a) Syria Transition Fund.--
(1) Establishment.--There is established a Syria Transition
Fund (in this title referred to as the ``Transition Fund'')
from which funds may be made available, notwithstanding any
other provision of law that restricts the provision of United
States economic or non-military assistance in Syria, for
assistance and contributions to promote security and support
the objectives described in section <DELETED>4</DELETED> 5.
(2) Obligation of funds; notification.--
(A) In general.--The Transition Fund may rely upon
the administrative authorities of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), and
obligation of such funds may not occur until 15 days
after the date on which the President has provided
notice of intent to obligate to the appropriate
congressional committees and the Committees on
Appropriations of the Senate and the House of
Representatives.
(B) Waiver.--The notification required under
subparagraph (A) may be waived if failure to do so
would pose a substantial risk to human health or
welfare, in which case notification shall be provided
as early as practicable, but in no event later than
three days after taking the action to which such
notification requirement was applicable in the context
of the circumstances necessitating such waiver. Any
notification provided pursuant to such a waiver shall
contain an explanation of the emergency circumstances.
(b) Purpose.--The purpose of the Transition Fund is to provide
support in the early transition period to enable an effective political
transition to a more democratic and inclusive political structure and
provide for initiatives that will improve the security of the United
States, United States partners and allies, and the people of Syria. The
Transition Fund may be used to support programs in the following areas
and in priority order:
(1) Security sector support.--Programs to train, equip, and
professionalize law enforcement and military forces in Syria,
including police and border protection forces, to protect the
people of Syria.
(2) Support for regional stability.--Programs to support
government agencies and law enforcement and military forces in
Syria, as well as those in neighboring countries, to provide
support to refugees from Syria, to stem the flow of weapons and
fighters out of Syria into other nations, and to prevent the
proliferation of chemical or other weapons of mass destruction,
including preventing such weapons from falling into the hands
of al Qaeda, Hizballah, and other terrorist groups.
(3) Technical assistance for phased disarmament.--Technical
assistance to transitional authorities to--
(A) create special weapons storage sites used to
separately warehouse and catalogue vetted groups'
weaponry during a transition period;
(B) repurpose weapons systems for eventual new
Syrian security forces; and
(C) transition rebel groups into civilian life or
official membership in new forces.
<DELETED>(3)</DELETED>(4) Transitional justice and conflict
resolution.--Programs to reduce the likelihood of retribution
or sectarian violence in the aftermath of the end of the Assad
regime and to promote the creation of a stable center,
including improving relations between the moderate Sunni,
Alawite, and Christian communities.
<DELETED>(4)</DELETED>(5) Technical assistance to promote
democracy and building democratic institutions.--Technical
assistance, capacity building, and training programs that--
(A) facilitate the development of an accountable,
effective, and representative democratic government;
(B) protect the rule of law <DELETED>during the
transition</DELETED>;
(C) support the development and administration of a
modern justice system;
(D) assist with the development of a Syrian
constitution that fosters a sense of unity and
contributes to national reconciliation among different
components of Syrian society; <DELETED>and
<DELETED> (E) support the establishment of an
inclusive and transparent electoral system in
Syria.</DELETED>
(E) support the establishment of an inclusive and
transparent electoral system in Syria; and
(F) develop the capacity of democratically-oriented
political parties and civil society organizations.
<DELETED>(5)</DELETED>(6) Technical assistance to support
economic revitalization.--Technical assistance, capacity
building, and training programs that support the resumption of
economic activity, restore access to international markets,
promote international investment, provide for financial
transparency and fiscal stability, and empower the private
sector.
<DELETED>(6)</DELETED>(7) Technical assistance for basic
services.--Technical assistance, capacity building, and
training programs to provide basic civil government services to
the people of Syria.
<DELETED>(7)</DELETED>(8) Collection of evidence on
unlawful activities targeting civilian populations.--Programs
that support the collection of evidence related to the
activities of those individuals who target or lead units or
organizations that target civilian populations and vulnerable
populations, including women and children, or have engaged in
otherwise unlawful acts, and to ensure that they are held
accountable for their actions.
(9) Post-conflict stabilization.--High-level diplomacy and
planning for post-conflict stabilization efforts.
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to other
assistance authorized under law, there is authorized to be appropriated
to the Transition Fund, out of amounts appropriated for the support of
political and economic transition in the Middle East and North Africa,
up to $250,000,000 annually for fiscal years 2013 through 2015.
(d) Uses of Funds for Nonproliferation.--Notwithstanding any other
provision of law that restricts the provision of United States
assistance in Syria, up to $100,000,000 of the funds authorized to be
appropriated annually under subsection (c) may also be transferred to
and merged with funds made available to carry out in Syria the purposes
of chapter 9 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22
U.S.C. 2349bb et seq.; nonproliferation and export control assistance).
(e) Transfer Authority.--
(1) In general.--In addition to other transfer authorities
available to the Department of State, the Department of
Defense, or other United States Government agencies or
departments, funds available for foreign assistance or funds of
the Department of Defense or other United States Government
agencies or departments that are specifically allocated towards
addressing the situation in Syria may be transferred to the
Transition Fund by the agencies or departments to which the
funds are available, subject to existing reprogramming
requirements and limitations, including congressional
notification and approval requirements. Amounts so transferred
shall be merged with funds otherwise made available under this
section and remain available until expended for the purposes
specified in subsection (b).
(2) Limit.--The total amount of funds made available to the
Transition Fund may not exceed $250,000,000 in any fiscal year.
(3) Transfer authority.--Funds available to carry out
assistance authorized by this section may be transferred to an
agency or account determined most appropriate to facilitate the
provision of assistance authorized by this section.
(4) Additional to other authorities.--The transfer
authorities in paragraphs (1) and (3) are in addition to any
other transfer authority available to the Department of State
or other United States Government agencies.
(f) Sunset Provision.--Unless specifically renewed, the Transition
Fund shall terminate on September 30, 2015.
(g) Annual Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the
establishment of the Transition Fund, and annually thereafter
for the duration of the Transition Fund, the Secretary of
State, in collaboration with the Secretary of Defense and other
appropriate agencies, shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a report on United States efforts to
assist the political transition in Syria with a specific focus
on the efforts supported by the Transition Fund. The Secretary
shall also provide an update briefing to the appropriate
congressional committees every 180 days.
(2) Content.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall
include the following elements:
(A) A description of the efforts undertaken and
planned to be undertaken by the United States
Government through the Transition Fund to support the
policy objectives outlined in section <DELETED>4</DELETED>
5.
(B) A description of the efforts supported by the
Transition Fund to support an effective and secure
political transition in Syria and how those activities
align with the purposes described in subsection (b).
(C) A description of the efforts undertaken and
planned to be undertaken by the United States
Government, supported by the Transition Fund, to
leverage additional financial assistance from the
international donor community, including the Gulf
states, in support of political transition and
rebuilding in Syria.
<DELETED>(C)</DELETED>(D) A specific accounting of
all monies obligated through the Transition Fund by
program and project.
<DELETED>(D)</DELETED>(E) Metrics and benchmarks to
make allocations from the Transition Fund and measure
the performance of the Transition Fund and programs
funded by the Transition Fund.
<DELETED>(E)</DELETED>(F) A description of efforts
undertaken to coordinate with other donors and ensure
that there is not a duplication of efforts, including
among Federal agencies.
(3) Form.--The report under paragraph (1) shall be
submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified
annex.
SEC. 302. ADJUSTING SANCTIONS PROVISIONS IN PREPARATION FOR A POLITICAL
TRANSITION.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the United
States Government should begin a phased process to remove sanctions on
Syria once the Government of Syria has ceased its campaign of violence
against the people of Syria and a transition has begun to a
representative and inclusive government that is demonstrably committed
to the principles set forth in subparagraphs (A) through (H) of section
<DELETED>4</DELETED> 5(7) and is recognized by the United States.
(b) Amendments to Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty
Restoration Act of 2003.--Section 5 of the Syria Accountability and
Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-175; 22
U.S.C. 2151 note) is amended--
(1) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by inserting ``(A)'' after ``(1)''; and
(ii) by striking ``paragraphs (1) through
(4) of subsection (d)'' and inserting
``subparagraphs (A) through (D) of paragraph
(1) of subsection (d)'';
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as
subparagraphs (B) and (C), respectively; and
(C) in subparagraph (C), as redesignated by
subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, by striking the
comma at the end and inserting the following: ``; or
``(2) makes the determination that the Government of Syria
meets the requirements described in paragraph (2) of such
subsection and certifies such determination to Congress in
accordance with such subsection,''; and
(2) in subsection (d)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``(A)'' after
``(1)'';
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), and (4)
as subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D), respectively; and
(C) in subparagraph (D), as redesignated by
subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and
inserting the following: ``; or
``(2)(A) Bashar al-Assad is no longer the leader of Syria;
and
``(B) the Government of Syria has ceased its campaign of
violence against the people of Syria and begun the transition
to a representative and inclusive government that is
demonstrably committed to the principles of--
``(i) protecting human rights, expanding political
participation, and providing religious freedom to all
Syrians, irrespective of, religion, ethnicity, or
gender;
``(ii) supporting the rule of law;
``(iii) rejecting terrorism and extremist
ideologies;
``(iv) subordinating the military to civilian
authority;
``(v) protecting the Syrian population against
sectarian violence and reprisals;
``(vi) cooperating with international
counterterrorism and nonproliferation efforts;
``(vii) supporting regional stability and avoiding
interference in the affairs of neighboring countries;
``(viii) establishing a strong justice system and
ensuring accountability for conflict-related crimes;
and
``(ix) recognizing the Golan Heights `Separation of
Forces Agreement Between Israel And Syria,' signed on
May 31, 1974, and the related protocol regarding United
Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)
functions.''.
SEC. 303. REPORT ON SYRIAN WEAPONS STOCKPILES.
(a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment
of this Act, the President shall submit to Congress an assessment
<DELETED>of the size and security</DELETED> of conventional and non-
conventional weapons stockpiles in Syria.
(b) Content.--The report required under subsection (a) shall
include the following elements:
<DELETED> (1) A description of who has or may have access to
the stockpiles.</DELETED>
(2)</DELETED> A description of the sources and types of
</DELETED> (1) A description of who has command and control
over and access to conventional and non-conventional weapons
stockpiles.
(2) A description of the use and sources and types of
weapons flowing from outside Syria to both government and
opposition forces.
(3) A detailed plan to prevent the proliferation of
conventional, biological, chemical, and other types of weapons
in Syria.
SEC. 304. PRE-TRANSITION INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS.
The Secretary of State should establish international consensus on
the transition and post-transition period and government in Syria by--
(1) working with the government of Russia on the situation
in Syria and the transition and post-transition period and
government in Syria, including <DELETED>how such programs can
leverage</DELETED> leveraging the shared interests of the
United States and Russia in avoiding the expansion of extremist
ideologies and terrorist groups in Syria and the region and
working to end Russian financial and military support for the
Assad regime;
(2) working with the Friends of Syria group to ensure that
extremist and terrorist groups in Syria are isolated and that
the core of the opposition can be brought to the negotiating
table; and
(3) building an international consensus to limit and, to
the greatest extent possible, eliminate support from the
Government of Iran for the Syrian regime, including a potential
ban on all commercial flights between Iran and Syria.
SEC. 305. INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR A PEACEFUL TRANSITION.
It is the sense of Congress that the United States Government
should work with international financial institutions to support the
purposes described in section 5.
TITLE IV--SANCTIONS
SEC. 401. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) Account; correspondent account; payable-through
account.--The terms ``account'', ``correspondent account'', and
``payable-through account'' have the meanings given those terms
in section 5318A of title 31, United States Code.
<DELETED>(1)</DELETED>(2) Appropriate congressional
committees.--The term ``appropriate congressional committees''
means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the
Committee on Finance, and the Committee on Banking,
Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee
on Ways and Means, and the Committee on Financial
Services of the House of Representatives.
<DELETED>(2)</DELETED>(3) Defense article; defense
service.--The terms ``defense article'' and ``defense service''
have the meanings given those terms in section 47 of the Arms
Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2794).
(4) Foreign financial institution.--The term ``foreign
financial institution'' has the meaning of that term as
determined by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to section
104(i) of the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and
Divestment Act of 2010 (22 U.S.C. 8513(i)).
<DELETED>(3)</DELETED>(5) Person.--The term ``person''
means an individual or entity.
<DELETED>(4)</DELETED>(6) Petroleum.--The term
``petroleum'' includes crude oil and any mixture of
hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural underground
reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after
passing through surface separating facilities.
<DELETED>(5)</DELETED>(7) Petroleum products.--The term
``petroleum products'' includes unfinished oils, liquefied
petroleum gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor
gasoline, naptha-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel,
kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petrochemical
feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum
coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous products
obtained from the processing of crude oil (including lease
condensate), natural gas, and other hydrocarbon compounds.
<DELETED>(6)</DELETED>(8) United states person.--The term
``United States person'' means--
(A) a natural person who is a citizen or resident
of the United States or a national of the United States
(as defined in section 101(a) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a))); and
(B) an entity that is organized under the laws of
the United States or a jurisdiction within the United
States.
<DELETED>SEC. 402. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO SELLING,
TRANSFERRING, OR TRANSPORTING DEFENSE ARTICLES, DEFENSE
SERVICES, OR MILITARY TRAINING TO THE ASSAD REGIME OF
SYRIA.</DELETED>
<DELETED> On or after the date that is 30 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the President may impose sanctions from among
the sanctions described in section 404 with respect to any person that
the President determines has, on or after such date of enactment,
knowingly participated in or facilitated a significant transaction
related to the sale, transfer, or transportation of defense articles,
defense services, or military training to the Assad regime of Syria or
any successor regime in Syria that the President determines is not a
legitimate transitional or replacement government.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 403. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS
PROVIDING PETROLEUM OR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS TO THE ASSAD
REGIME OF SYRIA.</DELETED>
<DELETED> On or after the date that is 30 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the President shall impose the sanction
described in paragraph (5) of section 404 and 2 or more of the other
sanctions described in that section with respect to each person that
the President determines has, on or after such date of enactment,
knowingly participated in or facilitated a significant transaction
related to the sale or transfer of petroleum or petroleum products to
the Assad regime of Syria or any successor regime in Syria that the
President determines is not a legitimate transitional or replacement
government.</DELETED>
SEC. 402. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE SALE, TRANSFER,
OR TRANSPORTATION OF DEFENSE ARTICLES, DEFENSE SERVICES,
OR MILITARY TRAINING TO THE ASSAD REGIME OF SYRIA.
(a) In General.--On or after the date that is 30 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall impose 2 or more
of the sanctions described in section 404 with respect to any person
(other than a foreign financial institution) that the President
determines has, on or after such date of enactment, knowingly
participated in or facilitated a significant transaction related to the
sale, transfer, or transportation of defense articles (including
surface-to-air and surface-to-surface missile systems, including any
S300 system and the Yakhont system), defense services, or military
training to the Assad regime of Syria or any successor regime in Syria
that the President determines is not a legitimate transitional or
replacement government.
(b) Sanctions With Respect to Foreign Financial Institutions.--On
or after the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of
this Act, the President may prohibit the opening, and prohibit or
impose strict conditions on the maintaining, in the United States of a
correspondent account or a payable-through account by a foreign
financial institution that the President determines has knowingly
conducted, on or after such date of enactment, a significant
transaction related to the sale, transfer, or transportation of defense
articles (including surface-to-air and surface-to-surface missile
systems, including any S300 system and the Yakhont system), defense
services, or military training to--
(1) the Assad regime of Syria or any successor regime in
Syria that the President determines is not a legitimate
transitional or replacement government; or
(2) any person added after April 28, 2011, to the list of
specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained
by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of
the Treasury in connection with the conflict in Syria.
SEC. 403. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE PROVISION OF
PETROLEUM OR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS TO THE ASSAD REGIME OF
SYRIA.
(a) In General.--On or after the date that is 30 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall impose 3 or more
of the sanctions described in section 404 with respect to each person
(other than a foreign financial institution) that the President
determines has, on or after such date of enactment, knowingly
participated in or facilitated a significant transaction related to the
sale or transfer of petroleum or petroleum products to the Assad regime
of Syria or any successor regime in Syria that the President determines
is not a legitimate transitional or replacement government.
(b) Sanctions With Respect to Foreign Financial Institutions.--On
or after the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of
this Act, the President may prohibit the opening, and prohibit or
impose strict conditions on the maintaining, in the United States of a
correspondent account or a payable-through account by a foreign
financial institution that the President determines has knowingly
conducted, on or after such date of enactment, a significant
transaction related to the sale or transfer of petroleum or petroleum
products to--
(1) the Assad regime of Syria or any successor regime in
Syria that the President determines is not a legitimate
transitional or replacement government; or
(2) any person added after April 28, 2011, to the list of
specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained
by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of
the Treasury in connection with the conflict in Syria.
(c) Humanitarian Exception.--The President may not impose sanctions
under this section with respect to any person for conducting or
facilitating a transaction necessary to meet the humanitarian needs of
the people of Syria.
SEC. 404. SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.
The sanctions the President may impose with respect to a person
under sections 402 and 403 are the following:
(1) Export-import bank assistance.--The President may
direct the Export-Import Bank of the United States not to give
approval to the issuance of any guarantee, insurance, extension
of credit, or participation in the extension of credit in
connection with the export of any goods or services to the
person.
(2) Procurement sanction.--The President may prohibit the
United States Government from procuring, or entering into any
contract for the procurement of, any goods or services from the
person.
(3) Arms export prohibition.--The President may prohibit
United States Government sales to the person of any item on the
United States Munitions List under section 38(a)(1) of the Arms
Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)) and require
termination of sales to the person of any defense articles,
defense services, or design and construction services under
that Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.).
(4) Dual-use export prohibition.--The President may deny
licenses and suspend existing licenses for the transfer to the
person of items the export of which is controlled under the
Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.)
(as in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)) or the Export
Administration Regulations under subchapter C of chapter VII of
title 15, Code of Federal Regulations.
(5) Blocking of assets.--The President may, pursuant to
such regulations as the President may prescribe, block and
prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in
property of the person if such property and interests in
property are in the United States, come within the United
States, or are or come within the possession or control of a
United States person.
(6) Visa ineligibility.--In the case of a person that is an
alien, the President may direct the Secretary of State to deny
a visa to, and the Secretary of Homeland Security to exclude
from the United States, the person, subject to regulatory
exceptions to permit the United States to comply with the
Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of
America regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations and
other applicable international obligations.
<DELETED>SEC. 405. WAIVERS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) General Waiver Authority.--The President may waive the
application of section 402 or 403 to a person or category of persons
for a period of 180 days, and may renew the waiver for additional
periods of not more than 180 days, if the President determines and
reports to the appropriate congressional committees every 180 days that
the waiver is in the vital national security interests of the United
States.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (b) Waiver for Humanitarian Needs.--The President may
waive the application of section 403 to a person for a period of not
more than 180 days, and may renew the waiver for additional periods of
not more than 180 days, if the President determines and reports to the
appropriate congressional committees every 180 days that the waiver is
to necessary to permit the person to conduct or facilitate a
transaction that is necessary to meet humanitarian needs of the people
of Syria.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (c) Form.--Each report submitted under subsection (a) or
(b) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a
classified annex.</DELETED>
SEC. 405. NATIONAL SECURITY WAIVER.
(a) In General.--The President may waive the application of section
402 or 403 to a person or category of persons for a period of not more
than 180 days, and may renew the waiver for additional periods of not
more than 180 days, if the President determines and reports to the
appropriate congressional committees every 180 days that the waiver is
in the vital national security interests of the United States.
(b) Form.--Each report submitted under subsection (a) shall be
submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.
SEC. 406. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SANCTIONS.
It is the sense of Congress that the President should work closely
with allies of the United States to obtain broad multilateral support
for countries to impose sanctions that are equivalent to the sanctions
set forth in this title under the laws of those countries.
TITLE V--INCREASED SUPPORT FOR THE OPPOSITION
SEC. 501. LETHAL AND INCREASED NON-LETHAL SUPPORT FOR THE VETTED
OPPOSITION.
(a) Authorization To Provide Lethal and Increased Non-Lethal
Assistance to Vetted Elements of the Syrian Opposition.--Subject to
subsection (b), the President is authorized, notwithstanding any other
provision of law that restricts military, non-military, or economic
assistance to Syria, to provide defense articles, defense services, and
military training to <DELETED>specific members of the Syrian Supreme
Military Council, particular units of the Free Syrian</DELETED> vetted
elements of the Syrian Supreme Military Council, the Free Syrian Army,
and other Syrian entities opposed to the government of Bashar al-Assad,
with funds made available for foreign assistance.
(b) Notification.--Not later than 15 days before obligating funds,
otherwise providing any assistance, or otherwise making any commitment
to provide the assistance described in subsection (a), the President
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees--
(1) a certification that--
(A) assistance to any <DELETED>individual, unit, or
entities</DELETED> unit or entity will be provided
consistent with section 620M of the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2378d);
(B) <DELETED>the individual to whom assistance is
being provided or is planned to be provided, or leader
or leaders of any unit or entity, including all senior
members of such unit or entity, to which assistance is
being provided or is planned to be provided, are, based
on the information available to the United States
Government--</DELETED> the unit or entity to which
assistance is being provided or is planned to be
provided and the senior leaders of such unit or entity,
are, based on the information available to the United
States Government--
(i) not an organization or person that has
been designated, <DELETED>or is affiliated with
any</DELETED> or an associated force of an
organization or person that has been
designated, as a foreign terrorist organization
pursuant to section 219 of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189) or a
``Specially Designated Global Terrorist''
pursuant to Executive Order <DELETED>13224 (66
Fed. Reg. 49079);
<DELETED> (ii) committed to rejecting
terrorism and extremist ideologies;</DELETED>
(iii)</DELETED> opposed to the carrying out
of sectarian violence and revenge killings;</DELETED>
13224 (66 Fed. Reg. 49079), and has been
screened through all relevant terrorist
databases, including the Terrorist Identities
Datamart Environment (TIDE);
(ii) committed to rejecting terrorism and
extremist ideologies;
(iii) opposed to the carrying out of
sectarian violence, revenge killings, and other
abuses of the laws of armed conflict, including
international human rights and humanitarian
law, and committed to an inclusive political
transition;
(iv) committed to civilian rule, including
subordinating the military to civilian
authority, and the rule of law for Syria;
(v) committed to cooperating with
international counterterrorism and
nonproliferation efforts; and
(vi) supporting regional stability and
avoiding interference in the affairs of
neighboring countries;
<DELETED>(C)</DELETED> any military education and
training
</DELETED> (C) there is significant international
support from key European and Middle Eastern partners
for providing the assistance referenced in this title,
and United States efforts to provide this assistance
are being coordinated with these partners;
(D) any military education and training should
include information and training on appropriate
leadership and command skills, protection of critical
infrastructure, observance of and respect for
applicable laws of armed conflict, respect for the rule
of law, and the importance of civilian control of the
military, including the capability to maintain a chain
of custody of assistance being provided under this
section, and, when appropriate, on securing chemical
weapons sites and other important <DELETED>sites; and
</DELETED> (D)</DELETED> assistance provided</DELETED>
sites;
(E) according to chain of custody criteria
established and promulgated by the Department of State,
the unit or entity to whom assistance is being provided
can maintain a reasonable chain of custody of weapons
consisting of a reasonable capability to document,
account, and physically control the transfer, custody,
and disposition of assistance being provided under this
section; and
(F) assistance provided under this section to any
<DELETED>specific individual or entity</DELETED> unit
or entity shall immediately be terminated if the United
States Government receives information that indicates
that the <DELETED>individual or entity</DELETED> unit
or entity is not in compliance with the terms laid out
in subparagraph (B); and
(2) a written policy justification, budget, execution plan
and timeline, and anticipated completion date for the planned
activity.
(c) Restriction on Anti-Aircraft Defensive Systems.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided under paragraph (2), no
anti-aircraft defensive systems may be transferred as part of
the assistance authorized under this section.
(2) Waiver.--The President may waive the restriction under
paragraph (1) if--
(A) it is in the vital national security interest
to do so;
(B) the President notifies Congress not later than
15 days before exercising such waiver;
(C) not later than 15 days before exercising such
waiver, the President transmits to the appropriate
congressional committees a report described in
subsection <DELETED>(e)</DELETED> (f), together with
the certification required under subsection (b)(1)
specifically with respect to anti-aircraft defensive
systems;
(D) the President certifies that--
(i) the systems provided have been equipped
with appropriate tracking, disabling, or anti-
tamper devices; or
(ii) effective end use monitoring,
including appropriate disposition of systems,
is in <DELETED>place; and
</DELETED> (E)</DELETED> the President certifies
that the United States has consulted with regional
allies regarding the systems provided.</DELETED> place;
(E) the President certifies that the United States
has consulted with regional allies regarding the
systems provided; and
(F) the President submits a strategy to implement
an accelerated global program to secure or eliminate
stocks of anti-aircraft defense systems and related
equipment and facilities that pose a proliferation
threat immediately after the cessation of violence.
(d) Code of Conduct.--The United States Government shall encourage
any entity receiving assistance pursuant to subsection (a) to commit to
a code of conduct that <DELETED>includes respect for applicable laws of
armed conflict, respect for the rule of law, and a commitment to
refrain from sectarian violence and revenge killings.
</DELETED> (e)</DELETED> Reporting Requirement.--</DELETED> In the
event that</DELETED> includes--
(1) respect for applicable laws of armed conflict;
(2) respect for the rule of law;
(3) a commitment to refrain from sectarian violence and
revenge killings; and
(4) a commitment to cooperate with transitional authorities
in the establishment of special weapons storage sites and
efforts to shift security functions to the transitional
government.
(e) Nonproliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction.--The United
States Government shall encourage any entity receiving assistance
pursuant to subsection (a) to commit to a Syria that is free of weapons
of mass destruction, including any chemical, biological, or nuclear
WMD-related programs.
(f) Reporting Requirement.-- In the event that the President
exercises the authority in subsection (a), the President shall submit
to the appropriate congressional committees every 90 days thereafter
until such time as the authority is no longer being exercised, a
detailed report on--
(1) the education, training or assistance provided;
(2) a rationale for why the assistance is being provided;
<DELETED>(2)</DELETED>(3) the vetting conducted to satisfy
the certification requirement in subsection (b)(1);
<DELETED>(3)</DELETED>(4) steps taken to encourage the
development of a code of conduct outlined in subsection
<DELETED>(c)</DELETED> (d);
<DELETED>(4)</DELETED>(5) an assessment of the current
military capacity of opposition forces receiving assistance;
<DELETED>(5)</DELETED>(6) an assessment of the ability of
opposition forces inside and outside of Syrian to establish
military activities impacting Syria, together with a
practicable timetable for accomplishing these objectives;
<DELETED>(6)</DELETED>(7) an assessment of the ability of
opposition groups to establish effective military control over
<DELETED>Syria; and</DELETED> Syria;
<DELETED>(7)</DELETED>(8) a description of the financial
and materiel resources currently available to opposition
<DELETED>forces.</DELETED> forces;
(9) the criteria for chain of custody certification and the
adherence by the Syrian opposition to chain of custody
requirements; and
(10) a strategy for securing the lethal assistance being
provided in the aftermath of the conflict.
<DELETED>(f)</DELETED>(g) Sunset Provision.--Unless specifically
renewed, the authority described in subsection (a) shall terminate on
September 30, 2015.
SEC. 502. PROHIBITION ON AID TO FREE SYRIAN ARMY IN EVENT OF CHEMICAL
WEAPONS USE.
In the event that the United States Government receives substantial
evidence that any units or entities provided assistance under this
title have engaged in the use of chemical weapons, the authority under
this Act to provide assistance to those units or entities shall
immediately terminate.
SEC. 503. PROHIBITION ON AID TO FREE SYRIAN ARMY IN EVENT OF SALE OR
ILLEGAL TRANSFER OF UNITED STATES DEFENSE ARTICLES OR
SERVICES.
In the event that the United States Government receives substantial
evidence that any units or entities provided assistance under this
title are selling or illegally transferring defense articles or defense
services received from the United States Government, the authority
under this Act to provide assistance to those units or entities shall
immediately terminate.
Calendar No. 147
113th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 960
[Report No. 113-79]
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To foster stability in Syria, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
July 24, 2013
Reported with amendments