[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 5861 Introduced in House (IH)]
<DOC>
116th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 5861
To address the impact of climate change on agriculture, and for other
purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
February 12, 2020
Ms. Pingree introduced the following bill; which was referred to the
Committee on Agriculture, and in addition to the Committees on Ways and
Means, Education and Labor, Energy and Commerce, Oversight and Reform,
and House Administration, for a period to be subsequently determined by
the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall
within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To address the impact of climate change on agriculture, and for other
purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Agriculture
Resilience Act''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this bill is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
TITLE I--NATIONAL GOAL
Sec. 101. Goals.
Sec. 102. Action plan.
TITLE II--RESEARCH
Sec. 201. Research, extension, and education purpose.
Sec. 202. Regional hubs for risk adaptation and mitigation to climate
change.
Sec. 203. Sustainable agriculture research and education resilience
initiative.
Sec. 204. Sustainable agriculture technology development and transfer
program.
Sec. 205. Long-Term Agroecological Network.
Sec. 206. Public breed and cultivar research.
Sec. 207. ARS Climate Scientist Career Development Program.
Sec. 208. Agricultural Climate Adaptation and Mitigation through AFRI.
Sec. 209. Specialty crop research initiative.
Sec. 210. Integrated pest management.
Sec. 211. National Academy of Sciences Study.
Sec. 212. Appropriate technology transfer to rural areas.
TITLE III--SOIL HEALTH
Sec. 301. Crop insurance.
Sec. 302. Environmental Quality Incentives Program.
Sec. 303. Conservation Stewardship Program.
Sec. 304. State assistance for soil health.
Sec. 305. Funding and administration.
Sec. 306. Carbon tax credit feasibility study.
Sec. 307. Conservation compliance.
Sec. 308. Agroforestry centers.
TITLE IV--FARMLAND PRESERVATION AND FARM VIABILITY
Sec. 401. Local Agriculture Market Program.
Sec. 402. Organic certification cost-share program.
Sec. 403. Exclusion of gain from sale of certain farm property and
agricultural easements.
Sec. 404. Farmland Protection Policy Act.
Sec. 405. Agriculture conservation easement program.
TITLE V--PASTURE-BASED LIVESTOCK
Sec. 501. Animal raising claims.
Sec. 502. Grants for reimbursement of compliance costs for very small
processors of meat food products and
poultry products.
Sec. 503. Conservation of private grazing land.
Sec. 504. Conservation reserve program.
Sec. 505. Alternative Manure Management Program.
TITLE VI--ON-FARM RENEWABLE ENERGY
Sec. 601. Rural Energy For America Program.
Sec. 602. Study on dual-use renewable energy systems.
Sec. 603. AgSTAR program.
TITLE VII--FOOD LOSS AND WASTE
Subtitle A--Food Date Labeling
Sec. 701. Definitions.
Sec. 702. Quality dates and discard dates.
Sec. 703. Misbranding.
Sec. 704. Regulations.
Sec. 705. Delayed applicability.
Subtitle B--Other Provisions
Sec. 711. Composting as conservation practice.
Sec. 712. Amendments to Federal Food Donation Act.
Sec. 713. Grants for composting and anaerobic digestion food waste-to-
energy projects.
Sec. 714. School food waste reduction grant program.
TITLE I--NATIONAL GOAL
SEC. 101. GOALS.
(a) United States Agriculture Goal.--As part of a national
greenhouse gas emission reduction effort to prevent climate change from
exceeding 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming above preindustrial levels,
the goal for the agricultural sector in the United States shall be to
achieve at least a 50 percent reduction in net greenhouse gases from
2010 levels by not later than 2030 and to achieve net zero emissions by
not later than 2040.
(b) Subgoals.--
(1) Research.--To help achieve the goal specified in
subsection (a), the total Federal investment in public food and
agriculture research and extension should, at a minimum, triple
by not later than 2030 and quadruple by not later than 2040,
with a heightened emphasis on climate change adaptation and
mitigation, soil health, agro-forestry, advanced grazing
management and crop-livestock integration, other agro-
ecological systems, on-farm and food system energy efficiency
and renewable energy production, farmland preservation and
viability, food waste reduction, and related topics to
accelerate progress toward net zero emissions by not later than
2040.
(2) Soil health.--To help achieve the goal specified in
subsection (a)--
(A) the United States should immediately become a
member of the 4 per 1000 Initiative's forum and
consortium, hosted by the Consultative Group for
International Agricultural Research (commonly referred
to as the ``CGIAR''), with the aim of increasing total
soil carbon stocks by 0.4 percent annually to reduce
carbon in the atmosphere, restore soil health and
productivity, and thereby improve food security;
(B) the agricultural sector should expand adoption
of soil health practices (including diverse crop
rotations, cover cropping, conservation tillage,
perennialization of highly erodible land, agroforestry,
composting, biologically based nutrient management, and
advanced grazing management including silvopasture)
sufficiently to restore at least a quarter of the soil
carbon that has been lost in the last 300 years by not
later than 2030 and at least half of lost soil carbon
by not later than 2040; and
(C) cover crop acres in the United States should
increase to at least 25 percent of crop acres by not
later than 2030 and at least 50 percent by not later
than 2040, with at least 50 percent of cropland acres
covered by crops, cover crops, or residue year-round by
not later than 2030 rising to at least 75 percent by
not later than 2040.
(3) Farmland preservation.--To help achieve the goal
specified in subsection (a), the rate of conversion in the
United States of agricultural land to development, as well as
the rate of grassland conversion to cropping, should be reduced
by at least 80 percent by not later than 2030 and eliminated by
not later than 2040.
(4) Pasture-based livestock.--To help achieve the goal
specified in subsection (a), the livestock sector in the United
States should--
(A) establish advanced grazing management,
including management-intensive rotational grazing, on
at least 50 percent of all grazing lands by not later
than 2030 and 100 percent of all grazing land by not
later than 2040;
(B) reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to
feeding of ruminants by at least a third by not later
than 2030 and by at least 50 percent by not later than
2040 by reducing non-grazing feeding of ruminants,
growing feed grains and forages with soil health and
nutrient management practices that minimize net
greenhouse gas emissions from cropland, and designing
livestock feed mixtures and supplements to mitigate
enteric methane emissions;
(C) re-integrate livestock and crop production
systems at farm, local and regional levels to
facilitate environmentally sound management and field
application of manure and reduce the need for long-term
manure storage by increasing acreage on individual
farms under crop-livestock integrated management by at
least 50 percent over 2017 levels by not later than
2030 and by 100 percent over 2017 levels by not later
than 2040; and
(D) immediately cease building any new or expanded
waste lagoons for confined animal feeding operations
and convert at least one third of wet manure handling
and storage to alternative manure management (as
described in section 1240T of the Food Security Act of
1985 (as added by this Act)) by not later than 2030 and
at least two thirds by not later than 2040.
(5) On-farm renewable energy.--To help achieve the goal
specified in subsection (a), the agriculture sector in the
United States should--
(A) implement energy audits and energy efficiency
improvements on at least 50 percent of farms by not
later than 2030 and 100 percent of farms by not later
than 2040;
(B) expand on-farm clean renewable energy
production to at least double 2017 levels by not later
than 2030 and at least triple by not later than 2040;
and
(C) install and manage on-farm renewable energy
infrastructure in a way that does not adversely impact
farmland, soil, and water resources, or food
production.
(6) Food loss and waste.--Consistent with the Food Waste
Challenge launched by the Department of Agriculture and the
Environmental Protection Agency in June 2013 and the national
food loss and waste goal announced in September 2015, the food
and agriculture sector in the United States should commit to--
(A) at least a 50 percent reduction in food loss
and waste by not later than 2030; and
(B) at least a 75 percent reduction in food loss
and waste by not later than 2040.
SEC. 102. ACTION PLAN.
(a) Plan Development.--The Secretary shall develop a plan for
actions to achieve, in combination with the other Federal agencies, the
national goals declared by section 101. The plan shall include actions
that will make significant and rapid progress toward meeting such
goals.
(b) Actions To Meet Goals.--
(1) In general.--Actions selected by the Secretary to
include in a plan developed under subsection (a) may include
issuing regulations, providing incentives, carrying out
research and development programs, and any other action the
Secretary determines appropriate to achieve the goals declared
by section 101.
(2) Selection.--In selecting actions to include in a plan
developed under subsection (a), the Secretary shall select
actions designed to--
(A) fully implement the provisions of this Act (and
the amendments made by this Act);
(B) provide benefits for farmers and ranchers,
rural communities, small businesses, and consumers;
(C) improve public health, resilience, and
environmental outcomes, especially for rural and low-
income households, communities of color, Tribal and
indigenous communities, and communities that are
disproportionately vulnerable to the impacts of climate
change, air and water pollution, and other resource
degradation; and
(D) prioritize investments that reduce emissions of
greenhouse gases and sequester carbon while
simultaneously helping to solve other pressing agro-
environmental resource concerns, increase farming and
ranching opportunities, create quality jobs, improve
farmworker working conditions and living standards, and
make communities more resilient to the effects of
climate change.
(c) Plan Implementation.--
(1) Public comment.--Not later than 12 months after the
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall make the
proposed plan developed under subsection (a) available for
public comment.
(2) Submission.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall make public and
submit to Congress a plan developed under subsection (a) that
incorporates revisions to the proposed plan, as appropriate, to
address the recommendations provided by the public pursuant to
paragraph (1).
(3) Implementation.--Beginning not later than 18 months
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
implement the plan developed under subsection (a) and submitted
to Congress under paragraph (2).
(4) Revisions.--Beginning 24 months after the date on which
the Secretary submits to Congress the plan under paragraph (2)
and not less frequently than once every 24 months thereafter,
the Secretary shall review and revise the plan to ensure it is
sufficient to achieve the national goals declared by section
101. The Secretary shall include the conclusion of each such
review and any revised plan resulting from such review in the
next annual report required under paragraph (5).
(5) Annual report.--The Secretary shall issue an annual
public report on the plan (including any revisions to such
plan), actions taken pursuant to such plan, and the effects of
such actions, during the preceding calendar year.
TITLE II--RESEARCH
SEC. 201. RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION PURPOSE.
Section 1402 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3101) is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (8) and (9) as paragraphs
(9) and (10), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following:
``(8) accelerate the ability of agriculture and the food
system of the United States to first achieve net zero carbon
emissions and then go further to be carbon positive by removing
additional carbon dioxide from the atmosphere;''.
SEC. 202. REGIONAL HUBS FOR RISK ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION TO CLIMATE
CHANGE.
Title IV of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education
Reform Act of 1998 is amended by inserting before section 404 (7 U.S.C.
7624) the following new section:
``SEC. 401. REGIONAL HUBS FOR RISK ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION TO CLIMATE
CHANGE.
``(a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a national
network of regional hubs for risk adaptation and mitigation to climate
change to deliver science-based, region-specific, cost-effective, and
practical information and program support to farmers, ranchers, forest
landowners, and other agricultural and natural resource managers to
support science-informed decision-making in light of the increased
costs, opportunities, risks, and vulnerabilities associated with a
changing climate, and to provide access to assistance to implement
those decisions.
``(b) Eligibility.--An entity is eligible to be selected as a
regional hub under subsection (a) if such entity is any office of the
Agricultural Research Service, the Forest Service, or any other agency
of the Department of Agriculture that the Secretary determines is
appropriate.
``(c) Administration.--
``(1) In general.--The network established under subsection
(a) shall be designated and administered jointly by the
Agricultural Research Service and the Forest Service, in
partnership with other Federal agencies, including the
following:
``(A) Within the Department of Agriculture, the
following agencies:
``(i) The Natural Resource Conservation
Service.
``(ii) The Farm Service Agency.
``(iii) The Risk Management Agency.
``(iv) The Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service.
``(v) The National Institute for Food and
Agriculture.
``(B) The Department of the Interior.
``(C) The Department of Energy.
``(D) The Environmental Protection Agency.
``(E) The United States Geological Survey.
``(F) National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.
``(G) National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
``(H) Other Federal agencies as the Secretary
determines appropriate.
``(2) Partners.--The regional hubs established under
subsection (a) shall work in close partnership with other
stakeholders and partners, including--
``(A) colleges and universities;
``(B) cooperative extension services (as defined in
section 1404 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 (7
U.S.C. 3103));
``(C) State agricultural experiment stations (as
defined in such section);
``(D) private entities;
``(E) State, local and regional governments;
``(F) Tribes;
``(G) agriculture and commodity organizations;
``(H) nonprofit and community-based organizations;
and
``(I) other partners, as determined by the
Secretary.
``(d) Responsibilities.--A regional hub established under this
section shall--
``(1) offer tools, strategies management options, and
technical support to farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners
to help such farmers, ranchers, and landowners mitigate and
adapt to climate change;
``(2) direct farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners to
Federal agencies that can provide program support to enable
such farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners to implement
science-informed management practices that address climate
change;
``(3) determine how climate and weather projections will
impact the agricultural and forestry sectors;
``(4) provide periodic regional assessments of risk and
vulnerability in the agricultural and forestry sectors to help
farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners better understand the
potential direct and indirect impacts of climate change and to
inform the United States Global Change Research Program;
``(5) provide to farmers, ranchers, forest landowners, and
rural communities outreach, education, and extension on
science-based risk management through partnerships with the
land-grant colleges and universities (as defined in section
1404 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)),
cooperative extension services, and other entities;
``(6) work with any cooperative extension services (as
defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research,
Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)),
conservation districts, and non-governmental organizations
involved in farmer outreach in the region served by such hub to
assist producers in developing business plans and conservation
plans that take into account emerging climate risk science with
respect to crop, production, and conservation system changes
that will help producers adapt to a changing climate; and
``(7) establish, working in partnership with programs and
projects carried out under subtitle B of title XVI of the Food,
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5801
et seq.), additional partnerships with farmers and non-profit
and community-based organizations to conduct applied on-farm
research on climate change.
``(e) Priorities.--A regional hub established under this section
shall prioritize research and data collection activities in the
following areas:
``(1) Improved measurement and monitoring of--
``(A) soil organic carbon sequestration; and
``(B) total net greenhouse gas impacts of different
farming systems and practices.
``(2) Lifecycle analysis for total net greenhouse gas
emissions related to--
``(A) alternative cropping systems;
``(B) alternative livestock production systems;
``(C) integrated cropping-livestock systems;
``(D) alternative biofuel crop production systems
and biofuel end uses;
``(E) alternative agroforestry practices and
systems; and
``(F) alternative forestry management systems.
``(3) Research and education on--
``(A) optimal soil health practices;
``(B) advanced biological nutrient management based
on optimal soil health practices;
``(C) enhanced synergies between crop roots and
soil biota;
``(D) linkages between soil, plant, animal, and
human health;
``(E) adaption and mitigation needs of
stakeholders;
``(F) new crops or new varieties to help producers
be profitable while adapting to a changing climate;
``(G) social and economic barriers to stakeholder
adoption of new practices that improve adaptation,
mitigation, and soil sequestration; and
``(H) evaluation and assessment of climate-related
decision tools of the Department of Agriculture.
``(4) Grazing-based livestock management systems to
optimize net greenhouse gas footprint including--
``(A) grazing land carbon sequestration; and
``(B) mitigation of enteric methane.
``(f) Stakeholder Input.--Each regional hub established under this
section shall solicit input from stakeholders on pressing needs,
important issues, and outreach strategies through a variety of
mechanisms including regional stakeholder committees and may partner
with stakeholders in conducting research and developing tools.
``(g) Risk Management.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall appoint a team of
individuals representing the regional hubs, regional hub
partners, and the Risk Management Agency to develop
recommendations to better account for--
``(A) climate risk in actuarial tables; and
``(B) soil health and other risk-reducing
conservation activities in the Federal crop insurance
program under the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C.
1508 et seq.).
``(2) Submission of recommendations.--The team appointed
under paragraph (1) shall submit to the Secretary on an
iterative basis, but not less frequently than once every two
years, the team's recommendations developed pursuant to such
paragraph.
``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each fiscal
years 2021 through 2030.''.
SEC. 203. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION RESILIENCE
INITIATIVE.
(a) Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education.--Section 1619
of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C.
5801) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the
end;
(B) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the
end and inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(7) increase resilience in the context of a changing
climate and related economic, social, and environmental
shocks.''; and
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by striking ``management'' and
inserting ``systems and practices''; and
(ii) by inserting ``resilience,'' after
``profitability,''; and
(B) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
``(3) The term `resilience' means, with respect to an
agricultural management system, the ability of such system to
absorb and recover from climate and other disturbances, such
that the system thrives in the face of severe shocks.''.
(b) Eligibility of Tribal Colleges To Enter Into Research and
Extension Project Agreements.--Section 1621(b) of the Food,
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5811(b)) is
amended by striking ``or Federal or State'' inserting ``1994
Institutions (as defined in section 532 of the Equity in Educational
Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103-382)),
or Federal, State, or Tribal''.
(c) Agricultural and Food System Resilience Initiative.--
(1) In general.--Section 1627 of the Food, Agriculture,
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5821) is
amended--
(A) in subsection (a)--
(i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
(I) by striking the first sentence
and inserting the following: ``In close
conjunction with programs and projects
established under sections 1621 and
1623, the Secretary shall establish a
research, education, extension, and
outreach initiative, which may include
farmer and rancher research and
demonstration grants, and use an
interdisciplinary approach wherever
appropriate, to increase the resilience
of agriculture and the food system in
the context of a changing climate and
related economic, social, and
environmental shocks.''; and
(II) in the second sentence, by
striking ``program'' and inserting
``initiative'';
(ii) by striking paragraph (3);
(iii) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2),
(4), and (5) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), and
(6), respectively;
(iv) by inserting before paragraph (3) (as
so redesignated), the following:
``(1) to equip farmers to prepare for, adapt, and transform
their farming systems when confronted by shocks and stresses to
their agricultural production and livelihoods;
``(2) to support local and regional food systems that
support resilience and enhance local access and control over
productive resources;'';
(v) in paragraph (3) (as redesignated by
clause (iii))--
(I) by inserting ``climate and''
after ``adverse'';
(II) by inserting ``soil quality
and'' after ``enhance''; and
(III) by inserting ``reduce
dependency on fossil fuels,'' after
``inputs,'';
(vi) in paragraph (4) (as redesignated by
clause (iii)), by inserting ``increase
resilience'' after ``practices to''; and
(vii) in paragraph (6) (as redesignated by
clause (iii)), by striking ``integrated'' and
all that follows through ``programs'' and
inserting ``policies and programs to improve
food and agricultural system resilience'';
(B) by striking subsections (b), (c), and (d); and
(C) by inserting after subsection (a) the
following:
``(b) Funding.--
``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity
Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry
out this section $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2021 and each
fiscal year thereafter.
``(2) Discretionary funding.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this section through the National
Institute of Food and Agriculture $20,000,000 for each of
fiscal years 2013 through 2023.''.
(2) Conforming amendment.--The chapter heading of chapter 2
of subtitle B of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture,
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5821) is amended
to read as follows: ``AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SYSTEM RESILIENCE
INITIATIVE''.
SEC. 204. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER
PROGRAM.
(a) Technical Guides and Books.--Section 1628 of the Food,
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5831) is
amended--
(1) in subsection (d)--
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as
paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively; and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
``(3) adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate
change;''; and
(2) in subsection (e), by striking ``Soil Conservation''
and inserting ``Natural Resources Conservation''.
(b) National Training Program.--Section 1629 of the Food,
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5832) is
amended--
(1) in subsection (g)--
(A) in paragraph (5), by striking ``Soil
Conservation Service and the Agricultural Stabilization
and Conservation Service'' and inserting ``Natural
Resources Conservation Service and the Farm Service
Agency'';
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (10) and (11) as
paragraphs (11) and (12), respectively; and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following;
``(10) develop and provide information concerning climate
change adaptation and mitigation developed under this subtitle
and other research and education programs of the Department;'';
(2) in subsection (h), by striking ``Soil Conservation
Service'' and inserting ``Natural Resources Conservation
Service''; and
(3) in subsection (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
the following: ``2020, and $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years
2021 through 2030''.
SEC. 205. LONG-TERM AGROECOLOGICAL NETWORK.
Title IV of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education
Reform Act of 1998 is amended by inserting after section 401 (as added
by section 201), the following:
``SEC. 402. LONG-TERM AGROECOLOGICAL NETWORK.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Administrator
of the Agricultural Research Service, shall provide for the
establishment and maintenance of a network of research sites operated
by the Agricultural Research Service for research on the sustainability
of agricultural systems in the United States, to be known as the `Long-
Term Agroecological Research Network' (in this section referred to as
the `Network') with the following goals:
``(1) To understand and enhance the sustainability of
agriculture.
``(2) To integrate research projects with common
measurements on multiple agroecosystems (such as croplands,
rangelands, and pasturelands).
``(3) To develop new farming systems, practices, and
technologies to address agricultural challenges and
opportunities, including challenges and opportunities posed by
climate change.
``(b) Activities Described.--The activities of the Network shall
include--
``(1) research conducted for a minimum of 30 years to
develop novel scientific insights at regional and national
scales and evaluate the applicability and adaptation to local
conditions;
``(2) the establishment and maintenance of multiple sites
or research centers that capture the diversity of agricultural
production systems that function as a network; and
``(3) the coordination of large-scale data collection
related to the sustainability of agricultural systems and the
provision of infrastructure to research sites to allow for
analyzing and disseminating such data.
``(c) Coordination of Research.--The Secretary, shall, in carrying
out subsection (a)--
``(1) coordinate long-term agroecological research to
improve understanding within the Department of Agriculture of
how agroecosystems function at the field, regional, and
national scales;
``(2) designate research sites for inclusion in the Network
that are representative of major agricultural regions;
``(3) ensure that every research site so included conducts
experiments with common goals and methods--
``(A) to increase agricultural productivity and
profitability;
``(B) to enhance agricultural resilience and the
capacity to mitigate and adapt to climate change;
``(C) boost the provision of ecosystem services
from agricultural landscapes; and
``(D) improve opportunities for rural communities;
``(4) make data collected at research sites included in the
Network open to researchers and the public whenever
practicable, and integrate data across the network and partner
sites; and
``(5) provide infrastructure to research sites included in
the Network for data collection, common measurements, and data
streams that complement other national networks, such as the
National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) and the Long-
Term Ecological Research (LTER) network.
``(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal
years 2021 through 2030.''.
SEC. 206. PUBLIC BREED AND CULTIVAR RESEARCH.
(a) In General.--The Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research
Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
``(3) Definitions.--In this section:
``(A) Conventional breeding.--The term `conventional
breeding' means the development of new varieties of an organism
through controlled mating and selection without the use of
transgenic methods, provided that information gained through
gene sequencing, genomic, and metabolomics analyses can be used
to inform mating and selection choices.
``(B) Cultivar.--The term `cultivar' means a variety of a
species of plant that has been intentionally selected for use
in cultivation because of the improved characteristics of that
variety of the species.
``(C) Public breed and cultivar.--The term `public breed
and cultivar' means an animal breed or crop cultivar that is
the commercially available end product of a publicly funded
breeding program that has been sufficiently tested to
demonstrate improved characteristics and stable performance,
and for which the farmers' rights to save and use, and
breeders' rights to share and improve are protected.''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
``(l) Public Breed and Cultivar Development Funding.--
``(1) In general.--Of the amount of grants made under
subsections (b) and (c), the Secretary shall ensure that not
less than the following amounts are used for competitive
research grants that support the development of public breeds
and cultivars:
``(A) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
``(B) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(C) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
``(D) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
``(E) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
``(F) $100,000,000 for each of the fiscal years
2026 through 2030.
``(2) Priority.--In making grants under paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall give priority to high-potential research
projects that lead to the release of public breeds and
cultivars that assist producers in mitigating and adapting to
climate change.
``(3) Grants.--The Secretary shall ensure that--
``(A) the terms for any competitive grants made
under subsection (b) are not less than 5 years;
``(B) any such term or associated renewal process
facilitates the development and commercialization of
public breeds and cultivars through long-term grants;
and
``(C) when necessary, Tribal consultation occurs to
ensure public breed and cultivar development does not
infringe on Tribes' abilities to maintain culturally
sensitive breeds and cultivars.''.
(b) Public Breed and Cultivar Research Activities Coordinator.--
Section 251 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994
(7 U.S.C. 6971) is amended--
(1) in subsection (e), by adding at the end the following:
``(7) Public breed and cultivar research activities
coordinator.--
``(A) In general.--The Under Secretary shall
appoint a coordinator within the Office of the Chief
Scientist that reports to the Under Secretary to
coordinate research activities at the Department
relating to the breeding of public breeds and cultivars
(as defined in paragraph (3) of subsection (a) of the
Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act
(7 U.S.C. 3157(a))).
``(B) Duties of coordinator.--The coordinator
appointed under subparagraph (A) shall--
``(i) coordinate animal and plant breeding
research activities funded by the Department
relating to the development and delivery to
producers of climate resilient and regionally
adapted public breeds and crop cultivars;
``(ii)(I) carry out ongoing analysis and
track activities for any Federal research
funding supporting animal and plant breeding
(including any public breeds and cultivars
developed with Federal funds); and
``(II) ensure that the analysis and
activities are made available to the public not
later than 60 days after the last day of each
fiscal year;
``(iii) develop a strategic plan that
establishes targets for public breed and
cultivar research investments across the
Department to ensure that a diverse range of
animal and crop needs are being met in a timely
and transparent manner, with a strong focus on
delivery of resource-efficient, stress-
tolerant, regionally adapted animal breeds and
crop cultivars that help build agricultural
resilience to climate change and support on-
farm carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas
mitigation, nutritional quality, and other
farmer-identified priority agronomic and market
traits;
``(iv) convene a working group in order to
carry out the coordination functions described
in this subparagraph comprised of individuals
who are responsible for the management,
administration, or analysis of public breeding
programs within the Department from--
``(I) the National Institute of
Food and Agriculture;
``(II) the Agricultural Research
Service; and
``(III) the Economic Research
Service;
``(v) in order to maximize delivery of
public breeds and cultivars, promote
collaboration among--
``(I) the coordinator;
``(II) the working group convened
under clause (iv);
``(III) the advisory council
established under section 1634 of the
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5843);
``(IV) genetic resource
conservation centers;
``(V) land-grant colleges and
universities (as defined in section
1404 of the National Agricultural
Research, Extension, and Teaching
Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103));
``(VI) Hispanic-serving
institutions (as defined in section
502(a) of the Higher Education Act of
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a(a));
``(VII) Native American-serving
nontribal institutions (as defined in
section 371(c) of the Higher Education
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(c)));
``(VIII) Tribal organizations (as
defined in section 4 of the Indian
Self-Determination and Education
Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));
``(IX) nongovernmental
organizations with interest or
expertise in public breeding; and
``(X) public and private plant
breeders;
``(vi) convene regular stakeholder
listening sessions to provide input on national
and regional priorities for public breed and
cultivar research activities across the
Department; and
``(vii) evaluate and make recommendations
to the Under Secretary on training and resource
needs to meet future breeding challenges,
including the challenges stemming from climate
change.''; and
(2) in subsection (f)(1)(D)(i), by striking ``(7 U.S.C.
450i(b))'' and inserting ``(7 U.S.C. 3157(b))''.
(c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 296(b)(6)(B) of the Department
of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 7014(b)(6)(B)) is
amended by striking ``Office; and'' and inserting ``Office (including
the public breed and cultivar research activities coordinator under
subsection (e)(7) of that section); and''.
(d) Public Breed and Cultivar Development.--Subtitle H of the Food,
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5921) is
amended by adding at the end the following new section:
``SEC. 1681. PUBLIC BREED AND CULTIVAR DEVELOPMENT.
``(a) Funding.--The Secretary of Agriculture, in conjunction with
the Director of the National Genetic Resources Program appointed under
section 1633 and acting through the Agricultural Research Service,
shall support the development of public breeds and cultivars (as
defined in paragraph (3) of subsection (a) of the Competitive, Special,
and Facilities Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(a))) by Federal
researchers.
``(b) Priority.--In supporting research under subsection (a) using
funds made available pursuant to subsection (d), the Secretary shall
give priority to high-potential research projects that lead to the
release of public breeds and cultivars that assist producers in
mitigating and adapting to climate change.
``(c) Report.--Not later than October 1 of each year, the Secretary
shall submit to Congress a report that provides information on all
public breed and cultivar research funded by the Agricultural Research
Service and the National Institute for Food and Agriculture,
including--
``(1) a list of public breeds and cultivars developed and
released in a commercially available form;
``(2) areas of high priority research;
``(3) identified research gaps relating to public breed and
cultivar development, including newly emerging needs stemming
from climate change; and
``(4) an assessment of the state of commercialization for
breeds and cultivars that have been developed.
``(d) Funding.--Of the funds made available to the Administrator of
the Agricultural Research Service for a fiscal year, not less than
$50,000,000 shall be made available to carry out this section.''.
SEC. 207. ARS CLIMATE SCIENTIST CAREER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.
(a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall, in accordance
with section 922 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act
of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 2279c), carry out an internship program within the
Agricultural Research Service for graduate students pursuing a degree
or conducting research related to climate change and agriculture.
(b) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the
Secretary may use not more than $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years
2021 through 2030 to carry out the program referred to in subsection
(a).
SEC. 208. AGRICULTURAL CLIMATE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION THROUGH AFRI.
Subsection (b)(2) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Grant
Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(b)(2)) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
``(G) Agricultural climate adaptation and
mitigation.--Agricultural climate adaptation and
mitigation, including--
``(i) strategies for agricultural
adaptation to climate change, including
adaptation strategies for small and medium-
sized dairy, livestock, crop and other
commodity operations;
``(ii) on-farm mitigation strategies and
solutions, including infrastructure, equipment,
and agricultural ecosystems-based strategies;
``(iii) the economic costs, benefits,
effectiveness, and viability of producers
adopting conservation practices and
technologies designed to improve soil health,
including carbon sequestration in soil;
``(iv) the effectiveness of existing
conservation practices and enhancements to
improve soil health, including the
effectiveness to sequester carbon in soil;
``(v) new technologies to measure and
verify environmentally beneficial outcomes of
healthy soils practices, including carbon
sequestration in soil; and
``(vi) links between human health and soil
health.''.
SEC. 209. SPECIALTY CROP RESEARCH INITIATIVE.
Section 412 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education
Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7632) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
inserting ``, multi-crop production systems,'' after
``specific crops'';
(B) in paragraph (4)(E), by striking ``; and'' at
the end and inserting a semicolon;
(C) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the
end and inserting ``; and''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(6) efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change,
including--
``(A) on-farm mitigation strategies and solutions,
including agricultural ecosystems-based strategies;
``(B) conservation practices and technologies
designed to improve soil health, including those that
sequester carbon in soil; and
``(C) breeding research and cultivar development to
help adapt to climate change.''; and
(2) in subsection (g)(3)(A), by striking ``equal to not
less than the amount of the grant'' and inserting ``in an
amount that is equal to not less than 25 percent of the funds
provided through the grant''.
SEC. 210. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT.
Section 406 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education
Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7626) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), and (f) as
subsections (f), (g), and (h), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
``(d) Emphasis on Climate Resilience.--The Secretary shall ensure
that grants made under this section are, where appropriate, consistent
with the development of food and agricultural systems that improve
climate resilience.
``(e) Ecologically Based Pest Management.--The Secretary shall
ensure that grants made under this section to support pest management
prioritize ecologically based approaches that are effective,
affordable, and environmentally sound, maintain agricultural
productivity and healthy communities, and improve climate
resilience.''.
SEC. 211. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES STUDY.
(a) Study.--The Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the
Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall enter into an agreement
with the National Academy of Sciences, under which the National Academy
agrees to produce an analysis of current scientific findings to
determine the links between human health and soil health by--
(1) reviewing existing research on the connections between
the human microbiome and soil microbiome;
(2) identifying linkages between soil management practices
and the nutrient density of foods for human consumption;
(3) exploring potential impact of increasing soil organic
matter across the agricultural and food value chain;
(4) determining how to best leverage healthy soil
management practices to maximize benefits and minimize adverse
impacts on human health; and
(5) highlighting areas for future research.
(b) Report.--The agreement under subsection (a) shall include a
requirement that the National Academy of Sciences, not later than 2
years after the date of the enactment of this Act, submit to the
Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
report on the results of the study conducted pursuant to subsection
(a).
SEC. 212. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO RURAL AREAS.
Section 310B(i)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(i)(2)) is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the end;
and
(2) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E)
and inserting after subparagraph (C) the following:
``(D) increase resilience by adapting to and
mitigating the effects of climate change; and''.
TITLE III--SOIL HEALTH
SEC. 301. CROP INSURANCE.
(a) Voluntary Good Farming Practices.--Section 508(a)(3) of the
Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(3)) is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (A)(iii), by striking ``practices'' the
first place it appears and all that follows through the period
at the end and inserting ``practices.'';
(2) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as
subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively; and
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
``(B) Good farming practices.--For purposes of
subparagraph (A)(iii), good farming practices include
the following:
``(i) Scientifically sound, sustainable,
and organic farming practices, as determined by
the Secretary.
``(ii) Conservation farming practices that
are approved by--
``(I) the Natural Resources
Conservation Service; or
``(II) an agricultural expert, as
determined by the Secretary.''.
(b) Risk-Reduction-Based Discounts.--Section 508(d) of the Federal
Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(d)) is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (5); and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
``(4) Risk-reduction-based discount.--
``(A) In general.--Effective beginning with the
2021 reinsurance year, the Corporation may provide a
risk-reduction-based premium discount for a producer of
an agricultural commodity who uses risk-reduction
farming practices, as determined by the Corporation.
``(B) Risk-reduction farming practices.-- For
purposes of subparagraph (A), risk-reduction farming
practices may include the following:
``(i) The use of cover crops.
``(ii) Resource-conserving crop rotations.
``(iii) Management-intensive rotational
grazing.
``(iv) Composting.
``(v) Other risk-reducing and soil health
promoting farming practices as determined by
the Corporation.''.
(c) Crop Production on Native Sod Applicability.--
(1) Amendment.--Section 508(o) of the Federal Crop
Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(o)) is amended by striking
paragraph (3).
(2) Effective date.--The amendment made by paragraph (1)
shall take effect on the first day of the first reinsurance
year beginning at least 1 year after the date of the enactment
of this Act.
SEC. 302. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVES PROGRAM.
(a) Purposes.--Section 1240 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16
U.S.C. 3839aa) is amended--
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
``and environmental quality'' and inserting ``environmental
quality, and climate change adaptation and mitigation'';
(2) in paragraph (1)--
(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting a semicolon;
(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking the semicolon
at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(D) greenhouse gas emissions reduction and carbon
sequestration;'';
(3) in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting ``reducing greenhouse
gas emissions and'' before ``conserving energy''; and
(4) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``climate change and''
before ``increasing weather volatility''.
(b) Definitions.--Section 1240A(6)(B) of the Food Security Act of
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-1(6)(B)) is amended--
(1) in clause (v), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a
semicolon;
(2) by redesignating clause (vi) as clause (vii); and
(3) by inserting after clause (v) the following:
``(vi) greenhouse gas emissions reduction
planning; and''.
(c) Establishment and Administration of Environmental Quality
Incentives Program.--
(1) Establishment.--Section 1240B(a) of the Food Security
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(a)) is amended by striking
``2023'' and inserting ``2030''.
(2) Payments.--Section 1240B(d)(7)(A) of the Food Security
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(d)(7)(A)) is amended--
(A) in clause (iii), by striking ``; or'' and
inserting a semicolon;
(B) in clause (iv), by striking the period at the
end and inserting ``; or''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(v) increases carbon sequestration or
reduces greenhouse gas emissions.''.
(3) Allocation of funding.--Section 1240B(f) of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(f)) is amended--
(A) by striking ``2023'' each place is appears and
inserting ``2030''; and
(B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``including
grazing management'' and inserting ``of which not less
than two thirds shall be targeted at practices relating
to grazing management''.
(4) Payments for conservation practices related to organic
production.--Section 1240B(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985
(16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(i)) is amended by striking paragraph (3)
and redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs (3) and
(4), respectively.
(5) Conservation incentive contracts.--Section 1240B(j)(1)
of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(j)(1)) is
amended by adding at the end the following:
``(C) Climate change adaptation and mitigation.--
For the purposes of this subsection, priority resource
concerns include climate change adaptation and
mitigation.''.
(d) Environmental Quality Incentives Plan.--Section 1240E(a)(3) of
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-5(a)(3)) is amended by
inserting ``, and a greenhouse gas emissions reduction plan'' after
``if applicable''.
(e) Limitation on Payments.--Section 1240G of the Food Security Act
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-7) is amended by striking ``Not including
payments made under section 1240B(j), a person or legal entity may not
receive, directly or indirectly, cost-share or incentive payments under
this subchapter that, in aggregate, exceed $450,000 for all contracts
entered into under this subchapter by the person or legal entity during
the period of fiscal years 2014 through 2018, or the period of fiscal
years 2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``A person or legal entity
(including a joint venture and a general partnership) may not receive,
directly or indirectly, cost-share or incentive payments under this
subchapter that, in aggregate, exceed $450,000 for all contracts
entered into under this subchapter by the person or legal entity during
any 5-fiscal-year period''.
(f) Conservation Innovation Grants.--
(1) Air quality concerns from agricultural operations.--
Section 1240H(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
3839aa-8(b)) is amended--
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``and to meet
Federal, State, and local goals with respect to
greenhouse gas emissions reductions'' after ``local
regulatory requirements''; and
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2019 through
2023'' and inserting ``2019 and 2020, and $50,000,000
for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030''.
(2) On-farm conservation innovation trials.--Section
1240H(c)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
8(c)(2)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and
inserting ``2019 and 2020, $50,000,000 of the funds made
available to carry out this subchapter for each of fiscal years
2021 through 2023, and $100,000,000 of the funds made available
to carry out this subchapter for each of fiscal years 2024
through 2030''.
SEC. 303. CONSERVATION STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM.
(a) Definitions.--Section 1240I(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985
(16 U.S.C. 3839aa-21(2)) is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``enhancements,''
after ``practices,''; and
(2) in subparagraph (B)(v), by inserting ``and climate
change'' before the period at the end.
(b) Conservation Stewardship Program.--Section 1240J(a) of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-22(a)) is amended--
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
``2023'' and inserting ``2030''; and
(2) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the
following:
``(1) by maintaining, actively managing, and, where
possible, improving upon existing conservation activities; and
``(2) by undertaking additional conservation activities.''.
(c) Stewardship Contracts.--
(1) Submission of contract offers.--Section 1240K(a)(2)(B)
of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-23(a)(2)(B))
is amended by striking ``improving, maintaining, and managing''
and inserting ``maintaining, actively managing, and, where
possible, improving''.
(2) Evaluation of contract offers.--Section 1240K(b)(3) of
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-23(b)(3)) is
amended by striking ``that national, State, and local priority
resource concerns are effectively addressed'' and inserting
``that the program effectively targets improvements to soil
health, increases in carbon sequestration, and reductions in
greenhouse gas emissions''.
(3) Contract renewal.--Section 1240K(e)(3) of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-23(e)(3)) is amended to
read as follows:
``(3) agrees, by the end of the contract period, to meet
the stewardship threshold of at least 2 additional priority
resource concerns on the agricultural operation, if
applicable.''.
(d) Duties of the Secretary.--
(1) Climate change adaptation and mitigation.--Section
1240L(a)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
24(a)(2)) is amended by inserting ``(which may include climate
change adaptation and mitigation)'' after ``priority resource
concerns''.
(2) Conservation stewardship payments.--Section 1240L(c) of
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(c)) is
amended--
(A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``improving,
maintaining, and managing'' and inserting
``maintaining, actively managing, and improving''; and
(B) in paragraph (2)(E), by inserting ``, actively
managed, and, where applicable, improved'' after
``maintained''.
(3) Payment limitations.--Section 1240L(f) of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(f)) is amended--
(A) by striking ``fiscal years 2019 through 2023''
and inserting ``any consecutive 5-year period''; and
(B) by inserting ``(including joint ventures and
general partnerships)'' before the period at the end.
(e) On-Farm Conservation Stewardship Innovation Grants.--Subchapter
B of chapter 4 of subtitle D of subtitle D of title XII of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-21 et seq.) is amended by adding
at the end the following:
``SEC. 1240L-2. ON-FARM CONSERVATION STEWARDSHIP INNOVATION GRANTS.
``(a) Definition.--In this section, the term `agricultural
professional' means university researchers and educators, including
extension agents and specialists, Federal agency field staff,
agricultural consultants, State and local agency staff, tribal agency
staff, Federally-Recognized Tribes Extension Program agents, and
nonprofit organization staff assisting farmers and ranchers at the
local level.
``(b) Grants.--Out of the funds made available to carry out this
chapter, the Secretary may pay the cost of competitive grants that are
intended to stimulate innovative approaches on farms and ranches to
leverage Federal investment in conservation stewardship, in conjunction
with agricultural production or forest resource management, through the
program.
``(c) Participants.--The Secretary shall carry out on-farm
conservation innovation projects on eligible land of program
participants--
``(1) directly with producers participating in the program;
or
``(2) through partnerships between agricultural
professionals and small groups of program participants.
``(d) Use.--The Secretary may provide grants directly or through
partnerships under this section to agricultural operations enrolled in
the program, or groups of such operations, on a competitive basis, to
carry out projects that--
``(1) facilitate on-farm research and demonstration or
pilot testing of new technologies or innovative conservation
systems and practices that aim to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and decarbonize agriculture;
``(2) facilitate on-farm research and demonstration or
pilot testing of practices and systems with proven high impact
for greenhouse gas emissions reduction and decarbonization with
low national or regional adoption rates; or
``(3) help prepare program participants for participation
in environmental services markets that have as a primary goal
greenhouse gas emissions reduction or decarbonization of
agriculture.
``(e) Incentive Payments.--
``(1) Agreements.--In carrying out this section, the
Secretary shall enter into agreements with producers (either
directly or through governmental or non-governmental
organizations involved in a partnership) on whose land an on-
farm conservation innovation trial is being carried out to
provide payments to the producers to assist with adopting and
evaluating new or innovative conservation approaches to achieve
conservation benefits. Payments shall reflect the direct costs
of the research and demonstration and compensation for foregone
income, as appropriate to address the increased economic risk
or lower economic return potentially associated with the
innovative conservation approach.
``(2) Adjusted gross income requirements.--
``(A) In general.--Adjusted gross income
requirements under section 1001D(b)(1) shall--
``(i) apply to producers receiving payments
under this subsection; and
``(ii) be enforced by the Secretary.
``(B) Reporting.--A governmental or non-
governmental organization participating in an on-farm
conservation stewardship innovation partnership project
under this subsection shall report annually to the
Secretary on the amount of payments made to individual
farm operations under this subsection.
``(3) Research, technical assistance, and administrative
expenses.--The Secretary may provide partnerships under this
section with up to $50,000 per project for research, technical
assistance, and administrative expenses.
``(4) Length of agreements.--An agreement entered into
under paragraph (1) shall be for a period determined by the
Secretary that is--
``(A) not less than 2 years; and
``(B) if appropriate, more than 2 years, including
if such a period is appropriate to support--
``(i) adaptive management over multiple
crop years; and
``(ii) adequate data collection and
analysis by a producer or partnership to report
the natural resource and agricultural
production benefits of the new or innovative
conservation approaches to the Secretary.''.
SEC. 304. STATE ASSISTANCE FOR SOIL HEALTH.
Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
``SEC. 1240S. STATE ASSISTANCE FOR SOIL HEALTH.
``(a) Availability and Purpose of Grants.--Using funds made
available under subsection (l), the Secretary shall make grants to
States or tribal governments for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030
to be used by State departments of agriculture or appropriate tribal
authorities to improve soil health on agricultural lands.
``(b) Eligibility.--
``(1) In general.--To be eligible to receive a grant under
this section, a State legislature or tribal government shall
have enacted and be currently funding a State or tribal soil
health program for agricultural land. A State department of
agriculture or tribal government may then prepare and submit,
for approval by the Secretary, an application at such time, and
in such a manner, and containing such information as the
Secretary shall require, including an assurance that grant
funds received under this section shall supplement the
expenditure of State or tribal funds in support of soil health
in that State, rather than replace State or tribal funds.
``(2) Components.--A State or tribal soil health program
may include--
``(A) technical assistance;
``(B) financial assistance;
``(C) on-farm research and demonstration;
``(D) education, outreach, and training;
``(E) monitoring and evaluation; or
``(F) such other components as the Secretary deems
appropriate.
``(c) Tribal Option.--At the sole discretion of a tribal
government, an Indian tribe or tribal organization shall have the
option of being incorporated into a State application rather than
submitting its own application.
``(d) Grant Amount.--
``(1) Maximum.--The maximum grant any one State or tribe
may receive under this section for a fiscal year shall be
$5,000,000.
``(2) Federal share.--The grant amount to a State or tribe
shall not exceed--
``(A) 50 percent of the State expenditure for its
soil health program; or
``(B) 75 percent of the tribal expenditure for its
soil health program.
``(e) Grant Term.--A grant under this section shall be for one year
and may be renewed annually.
``(f) Priority.--The Secretary shall give priority to States or
tribes with a climate action plan that includes soil health, as
determined by the Secretary.
``(g) Performance Measures and Evaluation.--
``(1) Performance measures.--Each application under
subsection (b) shall include performance measures to be used to
evaluate the State or tribal program and the results of the
assistance received under this section.
``(2) Review.--The State department of agriculture or the
tribal authority shall submit a review and evaluation of its
program to the Secretary at such intervals as the Secretary
shall establish.
``(h) Review of Application.--In reviewing an application submitted
under subsection (b), the Secretary shall ensure the State or tribal
program is properly focused on soil health improvement, is broadly
consistent with the soil health principles of the Natural Resources
Conservation Service, and is meeting or exceeding its performance
measures.
``(i) Effect of Noncompliance.--If the Secretary, after reasonable
notice to a State or tribe, finds that there has been a failure by the
State or tribe to comply with the terms of a grant made under this
section, the Secretary may disqualify, for one or more years, the State
or tribe from receipt of future grants under this section.
``(j) Audit Requirement.--For each year that a State or tribe
receives a grant under this section, the State or tribe shall conduct
an audit of the expenditures of grant funds by the State or tribe and
shall submit a copy of the audit to the Secretary within 30 days of its
completion.
``(k) Administration.--
``(1) Department.--The Secretary may not use more than 3
percent of the funds made available to carry out this section
for a fiscal year for administrative expenses.
``(2) States or tribes.--A State or tribe receiving a grant
under this section may not use more than 7 percent of the funds
received under the grant for a fiscal year for administrative
expenses.
``(l) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation,
the Secretary shall make grants under this section using--
``(1) $60,000,000 for fiscal years 2021 through 2023;
``(2) $80,000,000 for fiscal years 2024 through 2026; and
``(3) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2027 and each fiscal
year thereafter.''.
SEC. 305. FUNDING AND ADMINISTRATION.
(a) Commodity Credit Corporation.--
(1) Annual funding.--Section 1241(a) of the Food Security
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)) is amended--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
striking ``For each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023,
the Secretary'' and inserting ``The Secretary'';
(B) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``,
and $17,000,000 for the period of fiscal years
2024 through 2030,'' after ``2023''; and
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by inserting
``and $70,000,000 for the period of fiscal
years 2024 through 2030, including not more
than $5,000,000 to provide outreach and
technical assistance,'' after ``technical
assistance,'';
(C) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``;
and'' and inserting a semicolon;
(ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking
``2023.'' and inserting ``2021; and''; and
(iii) by adding at the end the following:
``(G) $700,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022
through 2030.''; and
(D) in paragraph (3)--
(i) in subparagraph (A)--
(I) in clause (iv), by striking ``;
and'' and inserting a semicolon; and
(II) by adding at the end the
following:
``(vi) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal years 2024
through 2030; and''; and
(ii) in subparagraph (B)--
(I) in clause (iii), by striking
``$750,000,000'' and inserting
``$2,000,000,000'';
(II) in clause (iv), by striking
``$800,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
and'' and inserting ``$2,500,000,000
for fiscal year 2022;'';
(III) in clause (v), by striking
``$1,000,000,000 for fiscal year
2023.'' and inserting ``$3,000,000,000
for fiscal year 2023; and''; and
(IV) by adding at the end the
following:
``(vi) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal years 2024
through 2030.''.
(2) Availability of funds.--Section 1241(b) of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(b)) is amended by striking
``2023'' and inserting ``2030''.
(3) Technical assistance.--Section 1241(c) of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(c)) is amended by adding
at the end the following:
``(5) Special initiative.--
``(A) In general.--Beginning in fiscal year 2021
and every year thereafter through fiscal year 2030, the
Secretary shall use for a special technical assistance
initiative to assist producers in mitigating and
adapting to climate change, from the Commodity Credit
Corporation, an amount equal to not less than 1 percent
of Commodity Credit Corporation funds made available
for a fiscal year for each of the programs specified in
subsection (a).
``(B) Provision of technical assistance.--The
Secretary shall provide technical assistance under this
special initiative to producers--
``(i) directly;
``(ii) through an agreement with a third-
party provider (as defined in section 1242),
or, at the option of the producer, through a
payment, as determined by the Secretary, to the
producer for a third-party provider approved
under section 1242, if available; or
``(iii) through a cooperative agreement or
contract with--
``(I) a cooperative extension;
``(II) a non-governmental
organization; or
``(III) a State, tribal, or Federal
agency.''.
(4) Assistance to certain farmers or ranchers for
conservation access.--Section 1241(h) of the Food Security Act
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(h)) is amended--
(A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``to the
maximum extent practicable'' and all that follows
through the period at the end and inserting ``to the
maximum extent practicable, 30 percent to assist
beginning farmers or ranchers and socially
disadvantaged farmers or ranchers.''; and
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and
inserting ``2030''.
(b) Administrative Requirements for Conservation Programs.--
(1) Incentives for certain farmers and ranchers and indian
tribes.--Section 1244(a)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985
(16 U.S.C. 3844(a)(1)) is amended--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting a semicolon; and
(B) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the
following:
``(B) to establish a new generation of producers
who use the full array of climate-friendly conservation
activities that reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
increase soil carbon, and improve resilience to weather
extremes; and
``(C) to enhance other long-term environmental
goals.''.
(2) Review and guidance for practice costs and payment
rates.--Section 1244(j)(1)(B) of the Food Security Act of 1985
(16 U.S.C. 3844(j)(1)(B)) is amended--
(A) in clause (ii), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting a semicolon;
(B) in clause (iii), by striking the period at the
end and inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(iv) accelerates progress in meeting the
goals established under title I of the
Agriculture Resilience Act.''.
(3) Advanced grazing management.--Section 1244 of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844) is amended by adding at
the end the following:
``(q) Advanced Grazing Management.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out any conservation program
administered by the Secretary, the Secretary shall encourage
advanced grazing management, including management-intensive
rotational grazing, as such terms are defined in section
1240L(d).
``(2) Reservation of funds.--In each of fiscal years 2021
through 2030, the Secretary shall use to carry out this
subsection not less than two thirds of any funds available for
activities related to livestock production under conservation
programs administered by the Secretary under this title (other
than the conservation reserve program established under
subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D, except for acres
enrolled under section 1231(d)(2)).''.
(c) Environmental Services Markets.--Section 1245 of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3845) is amended by adding at the end
the following:
``(f) Soil Health and Greenhouse Gas Federal Advisory Committee.--
``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 6 months after the
date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall
establish an advisory committee, to be known as the Soil Health
and Greenhouse Gas Federal Advisory Committee.
``(2) Membership.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall appoint members to the advisory committee that
reflect diversity in gender, age, race, and geography and
include--
``(A) farmers and ranchers, including those
operating small and mid-sized farms;
``(B) organizations representing farmers and
ranchers, including those representing small and mid-
sized farms;
``(C) scientists;
``(D) environmental nonprofit organizations;
``(E) existing private sector carbon and ecosystem
services market development initiatives;
``(F) businesses working to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions from agriculture in their supply chains;
``(G) relevant Federal agencies;
``(H) youth engaged in the agriculture or food
sector;
``(I) tribal communities; and
``(J) State agriculture agencies.
``(3) Terms.--
``(A) Term length.--The term of a member of the
advisory committee shall be 2 years.
``(B) Reappointment.--The Secretary may reappoint a
member for not more than 2 consecutive terms.
``(4) Meetings.--The advisory committee shall meet at least
4 times in the first year after it is established, and at least
twice annually thereafter.
``(5) Recommendations.--Not later than 12 months after the
date on which the advisory committee is established, and
periodically thereafter, the advisory committee shall submit to
the Secretary recommendations on--
``(A) the feasibility of establishing reliable
outcomes-based measurement systems, as described in
subsection (g);
``(B) existing technology that provides reliable
measurement data;
``(C) for those parameters for which existing
technology does not provide reliable measurement data,
research and technical needs and, as appropriate, goals
and plans for such research;
``(D) standards for data collection and
dissemination;
``(E) farmer data management and privacy;
``(F) greenhouse gas emissions and soil health
inventories and databases, as described in subsection
(h); and
``(G) criteria for soil health and greenhouse gas
emissions reductions payments and environmental
markets, as described in subsection (i).
``(g) Measurement System.--
``(1) Purpose.--The Secretary shall evaluate existing
outcomes-based measurement systems for recordkeeping, modeling,
and measurement of farm-level greenhouse gas emissions and soil
carbon sequestration, including measures of soil disturbance,
plant diversity, continual living cover, residue management,
advanced grazing management, and crop-livestock integration, to
determine which such systems can be implemented quickly,
improve in accuracy and ease over time, use the best available
science and technology, and are cost-effective.
``(2) Guidance.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall issue
guidance on the outcomes-based measurement system evaluated
under paragraph (1), based on recommendations from the advisory
committee under subsection (f), and information from
agroecosystem models (including COMET Farm and COMET Farm
Planner), remote sensing data and analysis (including the
Operational Tillage Information System), soil health
demonstration trials carried out under section 1240H(c)(7),
existing and emerging public and private environmental services
protocols, measurement systems, and benchmarks, and field-level
measurement.
``(3) Review.--The Secretary, based on recommendations from
the advisory committee established under subsection (f),
shall--
``(A) establish and maintain such an outcomes-based
measurement system when feasible;
``(B) conduct periodic review of such system, and
any necessary updates; and
``(C) establish research and development goals and
plans as needed.
``(h) Inventory.--
``(1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date
of enactment of this subsection, and every 2 years thereafter,
the Secretary, in consultation with the advisory committee
established under subsection (f) and the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency, shall conduct a nationwide
soil health and agricultural greenhouse gas emissions inventory
that uses the best available science and data to establish
expected average performance for soil carbon drawdown and
storage and greenhouse gas emissions reduction by primary
production type and production region.
``(2) Database.--The Secretary shall create an accessible
and interoperable database for the information collected
through the inventory conducted under paragraph (1), and shall
improve and update such database at least once every two years
as new data is collected.
``(i) Criteria.--The Secretary, in consultation with the advisory
committee established under subsection (f), shall establish criteria
for payments, credits, or other forms of incentives to inform policy
and markets established to promote soil carbon sequestration or
greenhouse gas emissions reductions. The criteria shall--
``(1) have a documented likelihood to lead to long-term net
increases in soil carbon sequestration and net reductions in
greenhouse gas emissions, according to the best available
science;
``(2) be based in part on environmental impact modeling of
the changes of shifting from baseline agricultural practices to
new or improved agricultural practices; and
``(3) be designed to prevent the degradation of other
natural resource or environmental conditions.
``(j) Demonstration Trials.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall periodically review
the results from soil health demonstration trials carried out
under section 1240H(c)(7), and other similar public and private
demonstration trials the Secretary determines appropriate, to
inform the activities under subsections (g), (h), and (i).
``(2) Recommendations.--In submitting reports pursuant to
section 1240H(c)(7)(C), the Secretary shall include any
recommendations to Congress for changes or additions to the
conservation programs under this Act the Secretary determines
appropriate to accelerate net increases in soil carbon
sequestration and other improvements in soil health.''.
SEC. 306. CARBON TAX CREDIT FEASIBILITY STUDY.
(a) Study.--The Secretary of the Treasury (``the Secretary''), in
coordination with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall conduct a study
of the feasibility of developing a credit against tax to incentivize
carbon capture on farms and ranches.
(b) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the
enactment of this section, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a
report that describes the results of the study in subsection (a),
including whether or not to proceed with a tax credit and, if so,
detailed recommendations for--
(1) which taxpayers should be eligible for the credit;
(2) methods for measuring (if feasible) or estimating
baseline soil carbon conditions on a farm or ranch;
(3) methods for measuring (if feasible) or estimating the
amount of soil carbon sequestered or abated on a farm or ranch;
(4) incentivizing early adoption of carbon capture
practices;
(5) the number of years a taxpayer should be eligible for
the credit;
(6) establishing rules for recapture in instances in which
carbon capture ceases or carbon is not retained in soil;
(7) establishing rules for recapture if ownership of land
is transferred;
(8) setting the dollar value of the tax credit;
(9) setting phase outs for tax credit eligibility;
(10) establishing certification requirements for carbon
capture;
(11) establishing rules for attributing the credit to a
taxpayer;
(12) establishing rules for carrying over unused credits;
and
(13) such other provisions as the Secretary determines
necessary.
SEC. 307. CONSERVATION COMPLIANCE.
(a) Definitions.--
(1) Conservation plan.--Section 1201(a)(3) of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(3)) is amended--
(A) by striking ``highly erodible'' each place it
appears; and
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and
conservation treatment measures'' and inserting ``crop
rotation and cover crop systems, and other relevant
conservation treatment measures''.
(2) Conservation system.--Section 1201(a)(4) of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(4)) is amended--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting a semicolon;
(B) in subparagraph (B)--
(i) by striking ``or a substantial
improvement in soil conditions on a field or
group of fields containing highly erodible
cropland'' and inserting ``and a substantial
improvement in soil health conditions
(including soil carbon levels) on a field or
group of fields containing cropland''; and
(ii) by striking the period at the end and
inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(C) are designed to achieve, within five years of
actively applying a conservation plan, a level of
erosion not to exceed twice the soil loss tolerance
level; and
``(D) are designed to effectively prevent the
formation of new, or treat all existing, ephemeral
gullies.''.
(3) Highly erodible land.--Section 1201(a)(11)(A)(ii) of
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(11)(A)(ii)) is
amended by striking ``excessive average annual rate of erosion
in relation to'' and inserting ``average annual rate of erosion
exceeding twice''.
(b) Cropland Conservation.--
(1) Program ineligibility.--Section 1211 of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3811) is amended--
(A) in subsection (a)--
(i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1),
by striking ``produces an agricultural
commodity on a field on which highly erodible
land is predominant, or designates land on
which highly erodible land is predominant to be
set aside, diverted, devoted to conservation
uses, or otherwise not cultivated under a
program administered by the Secretary to reduce
production of an agricultural commodity, as
determined by the Secretary'' and inserting
``carries out an activity described in
subsection (b), as determined by the
Secretary,''; and
(ii) in paragraph (1)(D), by inserting
``cropland or'' before ``highly erodible
land''; and
(B) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the
following:
``(b) Activities Described.--Activities described in this
subsection are--
``(1) the production of an agricultural commodity on a
field on which highly erodible land is predominant;
``(2) the designation of land on which highly erodible land
cropland is predominant to be set aside, diverted, devoted to
conservation uses, or otherwise not cultivated under a program
administered by the Secretary to reduce production of an
agricultural commodity; and
``(3) the production of an agricultural commodity without
having in place a conservation plan.
``(c) Authority of Secretary.--The Secretary shall have, and shall
not delegate to any private person or entity, authority to determine
whether a person has complied with this subtitle.''.
(2) Exemptions.--Section 1212 of the Food Security Act of
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3812) is amended--
(A) in subsection (a)(3), by striking ``only be
required to apply a conservation plan established under
this subtitle. The person shall not be required to meet
a higher conservation standard than'' and inserting
``be required to apply a conservation plan established
under this subtitle consistent with''; and
(B) in subsection (f)(4)(A)--
(i) in clause (i), by striking ``highly
erodible''; and
(ii) in clause (ii)(II), by inserting ``and
soil health'' after ``erosion control''.
(3) Conforming amendment.--Subtitle B of title XII of the
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3810 et seq.) is amended
in the subtitle heading by striking ``Highly Erodible Land''
and inserting ``Cropland''.
SEC. 308. AGROFORESTRY CENTERS.
Section 1243 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 1642 note; Public Law 101-624) is amended--
(1) by amending the section heading to read as follows:
``national and regional agroforestry centers'';
(2) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
``(a) National and Regional Agroforestry Centers.--The Secretary of
Agriculture shall establish at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory of the
United States Forest Service, in Lincoln, Nebraska, a Semiarid
Agroforestry Research, Development, and Demonstration Center, and
acting through the Chief of the Forest Service and in cooperation with
the Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall establish three
additional regional agroforestry centers at other locations to be
determined by the Secretary (referred to in this section as the
`Centers'). The Secretary shall appoint a National Director and three
Regional Directors to manage and coordinate the program established
under subsection (b).'';
(3) in subsection (b)--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
striking ``Center'' and inserting ``Centers'';
(B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``on semiarid
lands that'' and inserting ``that build soil health
and'';
(C) in paragraph (4)--
(i) by striking ``in semiarid regions'';
and
(ii) by striking ``the Great Plains
region'' and inserting ``particular regions'';
(D) in paragraph (7), by striking ``on semiarid
lands'';
(E) in paragraph (8), by striking ``on semiarid
lands worldwide'' and inserting ``worldwide, including
on semiarid lands''; and
(F) in paragraph (9)--
(i) by striking ``on semiarid lands''; and
(ii) by inserting ``and climate change''
after ``pollution'';
(4) in subsection (c), in the matter preceding paragraph
(1), by striking ``Center'' and inserting ``Centers''; and
(5) in subsection (d), by striking ``through 2023'' and
inserting ``and 2020 and $25,000,000 for each of the fiscal
years 2021 through 2030''.
TITLE IV--FARMLAND PRESERVATION AND FARM VIABILITY
SEC. 401. LOCAL AGRICULTURE MARKET PROGRAM.
Section 210A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C.
1627c) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)(12)--
(A) by redesignating clauses (iv) and (v) as
clauses (vi) and (vii), respectively; and
(B) by inserting after clause (iii) the following:
``(iv) is produced and marketed in a manner
that significantly improves soil health and
carbon sequestration;
``(v) when added to the crop rotation on a
farm, will significantly improve soil health
and carbon sequestration;'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``;
and'' and inserting a semicolon;
(ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking the
period at the end and inserting ``, including
value-added agricultural products from crops
that when added into crop rotations on a farm
will significantly improve soil health and
carbon sequestration; and''; and
(iii) by adding at the end the following:
``(D) markets for agricultural commodities and
products produced in a manner that significantly
improve soil health and carbon sequestration.'';
(B) in paragraph (3)--
(i) by striking ``and local'' and inserting
``, local''; and
(ii) by inserting before the semicolon at
the end the following: ``, and production and
marketing approaches to significantly improve
soil health and carbon sequestration'';
(C) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the
end;
(D) by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph
(7); and
(E) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:
``(6) enhances the economic viability of producers and
related agricultural enterprises; and'';
(3) in subsection (d)--
(A) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (C)--
(I) in clause (i), by striking
``and'' at the end;
(II) in clause (ii), by adding
``and'' at the end; and
(III) by adding at the end the
following:
``(iii) agricultural commodities and
products that are produced and marketed in a
manner that significantly improve soil health
and carbon sequestration, or that when added to
a crop rotation on a farm will significantly
improve soil health and carbon
sequestration;''; and
(ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``and
value-added agricultural products in new and
existing markets'' and inserting the following:
``, value-added agricultural products in new
and existing markets, and agricultural
commodities and products that are produced in a
manner that enhances soil health and carbon
sequestration, or that when added to a crop
rotation on a farm will significantly improve
soil health and carbon sequestration'';
(B) in paragraph (5)(A), by inserting before the
period at the end the following: ``and the Chief of the
Natural Resources Conservation Service'';
(4) by redesignating subsections (f), (g), (h), and (i) as
subsections (g), (h), (i), and (j), respectively;
(5) by inserting after subsection (e) the following new
subsection:
``(f) Farm Viability and Local Climate Resiliency Centers.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the
Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service and in
coordination with Administrator of the Rural Business-
Cooperative Service and the Chief of the Natural Resources
Conservation Service, shall provide grants to eligible entities
described in paragraph (2) to serve as farm viability and local
climate resiliency centers (referred to in this section as
`centers') to support efforts to enhance farm viability, and
the development, coordination, and expansion of markets for
commodities and farm products that significantly improve soil
health and carbon sequestration.
``(2) Eligible entities.--An entity is eligible to receive
a grant under this subsection if the entity is--
``(A) an agricultural cooperative or other
agricultural business entity or a producer network or
association;
``(B) a local, State or Tribal government;
``(C) a nonprofit corporation;
``(D) a public benefit corporation;
``(E) an economic development corporation;
``(F) an institution of higher education; or
``(G) such other entity as the Secretary may
designate.
``(3) Use of funds.--An eligible entity receiving a grant
under this subsection may use grant funds to provide to
entities described in (d)(5)(B)--
``(A) assistance for the development of business
plans and feasibility studies;
``(B) assistance in developing marketing strategies
for--
``(i) local products; and
``(ii) value-added agriculture products in
new and existing markets;
``(C) assistance in enterprise development for the
processing, aggregation, distribution, and storage of--
``(i) local and regional food products that
are marketed locally or regionally; and
``(ii) value-added agricultural products;
``(D) assistance related to financial and
recordkeeping;
``(E) assistance related to enterprise and business
management;
``(F) assistance related to ownership succession
planning;
``(G) outreach and assistance in the adoption of
farming practices that enhance soil health and carbon
sequestration;
``(H) outreach regarding assistance available under
subsection (d);
``(I) outreach regarding assistance available
through other programs administers by any other Federal
Agency that supports the adoption of farming practices
that enhance soil health and carbon sequestration; or
``(J) at the request of such an eligible entity,
provide assistance in applying for a grant under
subsection (d), including acting on behalf of such a
producer in applying for a grant under subsection (d).
``(4) Geographic diversity.--To the maximum extent
practicable, the Secretary shall ensure geographic diversity in
selecting entities to receive a grant under this subsection.
``(5) Non-federal share.--An entity receiving a grant under
this subsection shall provide funding in an amount equal to not
less than 25 percent of the total amount of the Federal portion
of the grant.
``(6) Applications.--
``(A) In general.--To be eligible to receive a
grant under this subsection an eligible entity shall
submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in
such manner, and containing such information as the
Secretary considers necessary to evaluate and select
applications.
``(B) Competitive process.--The Secretary--
``(i) shall conduct a competitive process
to select applications submitted under
subparagraph (A);
``(ii) may assess and rank applications
with similar proposals as a group; and
``(iii) shall, prior to accepting
applications under such subparagraph, make
public the criteria to be used in evaluating
such applications.
``(7) Priority.--The Secretary may give priority to
applications submitted under paragraph (1) that include--
``(A) plans to use funds for 3 or more of purposes
specified in paragraph (3); or
``(B) activities related to improving the
utilization and expanded adoption of farming practices
that enhance soil health and carbon sequestration while
simultaneously improving farm viability.
``(8) Administrative expenses.--An entity receiving a grant
under paragraph (1) may use not more than 4 percent of funds
received through the grant for administrative expenses.'';
(6) in subsection (i)(1) (as redesignated by paragraph
(4)), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking
``subsection (i)(3)(E)'' and inserting ``subsection
(j)(3)(E)''; and
(7) in subsection (j) (as redesignated by paragraph (4))--
(A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``fiscal year
2019'' and inserting ``each of fiscal years 2019 and
2020 and $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2021'';
(B) in paragraph (3)--
(i) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking
``35'' and inserting ``36''; and
(ii) by amending subparagraph (B) to read
as follows:
``(B) Farmers' market and local food promotion
grants.--
``(i) In general.--Of the funds made
available to carry out this section for a
fiscal year, 47 percent shall be used for
grants under subsection (d)(6).
``(ii) Allocation among subprograms.--Of
the funds reserved under clause (i) for a
fiscal year--
``(I) 40 percent shall be made
available for farmers market promotion
program grants; and
``(II) 60 percent shall be made
available for local food promotion
program grants.'';
(C) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) and (E) as
subparagraphs (E) and (F), respectively; and
(D) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the
following:
``(D) Farm viability and local climate
resiliency.--Of the funds made available to carry out
this section for a fiscal year, 10 percent shall be
used to provide grants under subsection (f).''.
SEC. 402. ORGANIC CERTIFICATION COST-SHARE PROGRAM.
Section 10606(b)(2) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act
of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 6523(b)(2)) is amended by striking ``$750'' and
inserting ``$1,000''.
SEC. 403. EXCLUSION OF GAIN FROM SALE OF CERTAIN FARM PROPERTY AND
AGRICULTURAL EASEMENTS.
(a) In General.--Part III of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding after section 121
the following new sections:
``SEC. 121A. EXCLUSION OF GAIN FROM SALE OF QUALIFIED FARM PROPERTY.
``(a) Exclusion.--Gross income shall not include gain from the sale
or exchange of qualified farm property if such property is sold to or
exchanged with a transferee who--
``(1) is a qualified farmer, and
``(2) meets the certification requirement of subsection
(c).
``(b) Limitation.--
``(1) In general.--The amount of gain excluded from gross
income under subsection (a) with respect to any taxable year
shall not exceed the excess, if any of--
``(A) $500,000 ($1,000,000 in the case of a joint
return), over
``(B) the amount excluded from the gross income of
the taxpayer for all prior taxable years.
``(2) Special rule for joint returns.--The amount of the
exclusion under subsection (a) on a joint return for any
taxable year shall be allocated equally between the spouses for
purposes of applying the limitation under paragraph (1) for any
succeeding taxable year.
``(c) Certification Requirement.--A qualified farmer meets the
certification requirement of this subsection if such person signs a
written certification stating the following:
``(1) Use certification as farm for farming purposes.--The
use of such property will be as a farm for farming purposes at
all times during the recapture period.
``(2) Recapture agreement.--The transferee has been
notified of the recapture liability arising from a disposition
or change in the use of such property at any time during the
recapture period.
``(d) Treatment of Disposition or Change in Use of Property.--
``(1) In general.--If there is a recapture event during the
recapture period with respect to any qualified farm property,
then the tax imposed under this chapter on the transferee
referred to in subsection (a) for the taxable year which
includes the first such recapture event shall be increased by
the amount excluded from the product of--
``(A) the transferor's gross income under
subsection (a) with respect to such qualified farm
property, multiplied by
``(B) the rate of tax in effect under section
(1)(h)(1)(D).
``(2) Recapture event defined.--For purposes of this
subsection, the term `recapture event' means, with respect to
any qualified farm property--
``(A) Cessation of operation.--The cessation of the
operation of such property as a farm for farming
purposes at any time in the recapture period.
``(B) Failure to materially participate.--The
failure of a qualified farmer to materially participate
in the operation of the farm at any time during the
recapture period.
``(C) Change in ownership.--
``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
clause (ii), the disposition of any interest in
such property by the transferee referred to in
subsection (a) during the recapture period.
``(ii) Agreement to assume recapture
liability.--Clause (i) shall not apply to any
farm property if the person acquiring the
interest referred to in such clause agrees in
writing to assume the recapture liability of
the person disposing of such interest. In the
event of such an assumption, this subsection
shall apply to the person acquiring such
interest as though such person were the
transferee referred to therein (and this
subsection shall be applied as if there had
been no change in ownership).
``(3) Special rules.--
``(A) No credits against tax.--Any increase in tax
under this subsection shall not be treated as a tax
imposed by this chapter for purposes of determining the
amount of any credit under subpart A, B, or D of this
part.
``(B) No recapture by reason of hardship.--The
increase in tax under this subsection shall not apply
to any disposition of property or cessation of the
operation of any property as a farm for farming
purposes if such disposition or cessation occurs by
reason of any hardship.
``(e) Special Rules.--For purposes of this section, rules similar
to the rules of subsections (e) and (f) of section 121 shall apply.
``(f) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
``(1) Qualified farmer.--The term `qualified farmer'
means--
``(A) a beginning farmer, socially disadvantaged
farmer, qualified veteran farmer, young farmer, or
``(B) any entity if 50 percent or more of the
capital and profits of such entity are owned by one or
more individuals described in paragraph (A).
``(2) Beginning farmer.--The term `beginning farmer' means
an individual that--
``(A) has not operated a farm, or
``(B) has operated a farm for not more than 10
years.
``(3) Socially disadvantaged farmer.--The term `socially
disadvantaged farmer' means an individual who is a member of
one or more of the following groups:
``(A) American Indians.
``(B) Alaska Natives.
``(C) Asians.
``(D) Blacks or African Americans.
``(E) Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders.
``(F) Hispanics.
``(G) Women.
``(4) Qualified veteran farmer.--The term `qualified
veteran farmer' means an individual who--
``(A) first obtained status as a veteran (as
defined in section 101(2) of title 38 United States
Code) in the most recent 10-year period, and
``(B) has not operated a farm for more than 10
years.
``(5) Young farmer.--The term `young farmer' means an
individual who has not attained age 46 as of the date of the
sale or transfer referred to in subsection (a).
``(6) Qualified farm property.--
``(A) In general.--The term `qualified farm
property' means real property located in the United
States if--
``(i) during the 5-year period ending on
the date of the sale or exchange referred to in
subsection (a), such property has been used by
the taxpayer or a member of the family of the
taxpayer as a farm for farming purposes for
periods aggregating 3 years or more, and
``(ii) there was material participation by
the taxpayer or a member of the family of the
taxpayer in the operation of the farm during
such 3 years.
``(B) Special rule for qualified farm property held
by an entity.--For purposes of this section, if the
taxpayer referred to in paragraph (A) is other than an
individual and all of the capital and profits interests
of such entity are held by members of a single family,
then such members shall be treated as members of the
family of such taxpayer.
``(7) Recapture period.--The term `recapture period' means
the 10-year period following the sale or exchange of qualified
farm property described in subsection (a).
``(8) Other definitions.--The terms `member of the family',
`farm', `farming purposes', and `material participation' have
the respective meanings given such terms in section 2032A(e).
``SEC. 121B. EXCLUSION OF GAIN FROM SALE OF AGRICULTURAL CONSERVATION
EASEMENT.
``(a) Exclusion.--Gross income shall not include gain from the sale
or exchange of an agricultural conservation easement.
``(b) Limitation.--
``(1) In general.--The amount of gain excluded from gross
income under subsection (a) with respect to any taxable year
shall not exceed the excess, if any of--
``(A) $500,000 ($1,000,000 in the case of a joint
return), over
``(B) the amount excluded from the gross income of
the taxpayer for all prior taxable years.
``(2) Special rule for joint returns.--The amount of the
exclusion under subsection (a) on a joint return for any
taxable year shall be allocated equally between the spouses for
purposes of applying the limitation under paragraph (1) for any
succeeding taxable year.
``(c) Agricultural Conservation Easement Defined.--The term
`agricultural conservation easement' means an easement or conservation-
related restriction on agricultural land (granted in perpetuity) that--
``(1) is conveyed for the purpose of protecting natural
resources and the agricultural nature of the land, and
``(2) permits the landowner the right to continue
agricultural production and related uses.
``(d) Special Rules.--For purposes of this section, rules similar
to the rules of subsections (e) and (f) of section 121 shall apply.''.
(b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for part III of
subchapter B of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is
amended by adding after the item relating to section 121 the following
new items:
``121A. Exclusion of gain from sale of qualified farm property.
``121B. Exclusion of gain from sale of agricultural conservation
easement.''.
(c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to any sale or exchange in taxable years ending after December
31, 2020.
SEC. 404. FARMLAND PROTECTION POLICY ACT.
(a) Findings, Purpose, and Definitions.--Section 1540 of the
Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 (7 U.S.C. 4201) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (7) as
paragraphs (5) through (8), respectively; and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
``(4) the Nation's farmland is a vital source of
environmental services, such as carbon sequestration;'';
(2) in subsection (b), by inserting ``tribal,'' after
``State,''; and
(3) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``that
is used for'' and inserting ``that is suitable
for''; and
(ii) in subparagraph (C), by inserting
``and is suitable'' after ``local importance'';
(B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting a semicolon;
(C) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the
end and inserting a semicolon; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(6) the term `conversion' means--
``(A) the physical conversion of farmland to a
nonagricultural use;
``(B) the effective conversion of farmland as a
consequence of physical conversion of adjacent
farmland, which threatens the continued viability of
the land for agricultural use; or
``(C) a change in management of federally owned
land historically used for agriculture to a non-
agricultural use;
``(7) the term `farmland of national significance' is
farmland that is the most suitable for intensive crop and food
production, as determined by the Secretary, taking into
consideration, among other factors, its physical and chemical
characteristics; and
``(8) the term `permanently protected farmland' means
farmland encumbered by a conservation easement held by the
Federal government, by a State, tribal, or local unit of
government, or by a land conservation organization, that is
perpetual or the maximum number of years allowed by State
law.''.
(b) Farmland Protection Policy.--Section 1541 of the Agriculture
and Food Act of 1981 (7 U.S.C. 4202) is amended to read as follows:
``SEC. 1541. FARMLAND PROTECTION POLICY.
``(a) In General.--It is the policy of the United States that
Federal programs--
``(1) shall minimize the conversion of farmland to
nonagricultural uses; and
``(2) shall not convert to nonagricultural uses farmland--
``(A) that is permanently protected farmland;
``(B) that has been defined and delineated by the
Secretary under subsection (b) as farmland of national
significance; or
``(C) that has been defined and delineated by a
State as significant to the State or a priority for
inclusion in a State farmland protection program and
for which the State has submitted a description under
subsection (b).
``(b) Definition and Delineation of Land.--
``(1) National significance.--The Secretary shall define
and delineate farmland of national significance, and shall
convene a group of experts, including agronomists and soil
scientists, to assist in such definition and delineation.
``(2) State significance.--Any State wishing to have land
recognized under subsection (a)(2)(C) shall provide a
definition and delineation of such lands to the Secretary.
``(c) Process and Criteria.--
``(1) Process and criteria.--The Secretary shall develop a
process, including criteria--
``(A) to--
``(i) determine the potential conversion of
farmland as a consequence of any action or
activity conducted through a Federal program;
``(ii) minimize the conversion of farmland
or, for land identified under subsection
(a)(2), avoid conversion; and
``(iii) provide notice regarding such
actions to the Secretary; and
``(B) that the Secretary shall use to make
determinations under subsection (d).
``(2) Use required.--Each department, agency, independent
commission, and other unit of the Federal Government shall use
the process and criteria developed under paragraph (1) in
carrying out a Federal program.
``(d) Exemption.--Subsection (a)(2) shall not apply if the
Secretary determines, based on the process and criteria developed under
subsection (c), that converting farmland to nonagricultural uses cannot
be avoided. In instances where the Secretary makes such a
determination, the Federal program shall minimize the conversion of
land described in subsection (a)(2) to the maximum extent practicable.
``(e) Information.--The Secretary may make available to States,
units of local government, individuals, organizations, and other units
of the Federal Government information--
``(1) useful in restoring, maintaining, and improving the
quantity and quality of farmland; and
``(2) concerning the location of permanently protected
farmland.
``(f) Assistance.--The Secretary shall provide assistance to
departments, agencies, independent commissions, and other units of the
Federal Government, upon request, in using the process and criteria
developed under subsection (c).''.
SEC. 405. AGRICULTURE CONSERVATION EASEMENT PROGRAM.
Section 1265B of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b) is
amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (4)(C)(iv), by striking ``only'';
and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
``(6) Condition of assistance.--As a condition of receiving
cost-share assistance under this section, the owner of eligible
land must agree to have in place a conservation plan that
addresses applicable resource concerns for the land subject to
the easement, including soil health and greenhouse gas
emissions reduction, not later than three years following the
grant of the easement. The requirement of this subparagraph may
be satisfied by having in place a conservation plan developed
or recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.''; and
(2) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the following:
``(d) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary may provide technical
assistance, if requested, to assist in--
``(1) compliance with the terms and conditions of
easements; and
``(2) development and implementation of a conservation plan
required under subsection (b)(6), including, as applicable, a
conservation plan for highly erodible land required under
subsection (b)(4)(C)(iv) or a comprehensive conservation plan
developed pursuant to subsection (e)(1).
``(e) Financial Assistance.--
``(1) In general.--
``(A) Enrollment in csp.--At the sole option of the
owner of the land subject to the easement, the
Secretary shall provide for the automatic enrollment of
the land subject to the easement in the conservation
stewardship program established by subchapter B of
chapter 4 of subtitle D, including financial assistance
for the development of a comprehensive conservation
plan as provided by 1240L(e), if the person or entity
farming the land is otherwise eligible for the program,
as determined by the Secretary.
``(B) Determination of compliance.--Determining
compliance with the terms of the conservation
stewardship program contract is the sole responsibility
of the Secretary.
``(C) Funding.--Funding received by an eligible
entity pursuant to this paragraph shall not be
considered in the calculation of costs under subsection
(b).
``(2) Timing.--The owner of the land subject to the
easement shall have up to three years after the grant of the
easement to exercise the option to enroll in the conservation
stewardship program as provided under subparagraph (A).''.
TITLE V--PASTURE-BASED LIVESTOCK
SEC. 501. ANIMAL RAISING CLAIMS.
The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.) is
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Subtitle H--Animal Raising Claims
``SEC. 298. REQUIRED VERIFICATION PROCESS FOR ANIMAL RAISING CLAIMS.
``(a) In General.--In order to facilitate marketing, truth in
labeling, and new economic opportunities for producers and businesses
using animal raising claims, the Secretary, acting through the
Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service in coordination
with the Administrator of the Food Safety and Inspection Service, shall
establish, not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of
this subtitle and in a manner consistent with United States obligations
under international agreements--
``(1) mandatory standards with respect to animal raising
claims that may be made on the labeling of any meat food
products or poultry product;
``(2) procedures to verify any such claims prior to the use
in commerce of any meat food product or poultry product bearing
labeling with such a claim;
``(3) procedures whereby any such verification is
subsequently incorporated seamlessly with labeling requirements
under the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)
and the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et
seq.); and
``(4) on-farm and supply chain auditing and verification
procedures for ensuring the truthfulness of such claims.
``(b) Standards.--In developing and approving animal raising claim
standards under subsection (a), the Secretary shall include standards
relating to--
``(1) diet claims, including grass-fed, vegetarian-fed, and
fed no animal byproducts;
``(2) living and raising condition claims, including but
not limited to cage free, free range, and pasture raised;
``(3) antibiotic and hormone claims, including but not
limited to raised without antibiotics, no hormones added (beef
cattle, sheep), and raised without growth promotants;
``(4) source claims demonstrating the animal can be traced
back to its farm of origin from birth to slaughter;
``(5) age claims;
``(6) animal welfare claims;
``(7) environmental stewardship claims, including
greenhouse gas reduction and carbon sequestration claims;
``(8) breed claims; and
``(9) any other such claim as the Secretary determines is
appropriate.
``(c) Third-Party Certification.--A producer of a meat food product
or a poultry product may use an animal raising claim that is verified
by a third party so long as--
``(1) the claim is made consistent with standards
established by the Secretary pursuant to subsection (a); and
``(2) the procedures used by such third party for purposes
of that verification and any subsequent auditing are equivalent
(as determined by the Secretary) to the procedures used by the
Secretary for that verification and auditing.
``(d) Approval Process.--To the maximum extent practicable, the
Secretary shall require that a producer seeking to make an animal
raising claim, submit to the Secretary prior to using the product that
is the subject of such animal raising claim the following documentation
to support such claim--
``(1) detailed written descriptions explaining the controls
used for ensuring that the raising claim is valid from birth to
harvest or the period of raising being referenced by the claim;
``(2) a signed and dated document describing how the
animals are raised to support that specific claim made is
truthful and not misleading;
``(3) a written description of the product tracing and
segregation mechanism from time of slaughter or further
processing through packaging and distribution;
``(4) a written description for the identification,
control, and segregation of non-conforming animals or products;
and
``(5) if a third party certifies a claim, a current copy of
the certificate.
``(e) Effect on Other Laws.--Nothing in this section shall be
construed to alter the authority of the Secretary under the Federal
Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) or the Poultry Products
Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et. seq.).
``(f) Consistency With Other Laws.--The Secretary shall ensure
consistency between the animal raising claims standards established
pursuant to subsection (a) and the Organic Food Production Act of 1990
(7 U.S.C. 6501 et seq.) and any rules or regulations implementing that
Act.
``(g) Compliance Requirements.--Beginning on the date that is three
years after the date of the enactment of this Act--
``(1) in the case of a domestic meat food product or
poultry product--
``(A) a person may sell or label a meat food
product or poultry product with an animal raising label
claim only if such products is produced and handled in
accordance with the standards established pursuant to
subsection (a); and
``(B) no person may sell or label a meat food
product or poultry product with an animal raising label
claim that is not in compliance with such standards;
and
``(2) in the case of an imported meat food product or
poultry product, such a product may be sold or labeled with
animal raising label claims if the Secretary determines such
product has been produced and handled under a verification
program that provides safeguards and guidelines that are at
least equivalent to the requirements of the standards
established pursuant to subsection (a).
``(h) Violation of This Title.--
``(1) Misuse of label.--Any person who, after notice and an
opportunity to be heard, is found by the Secretary to have
knowingly sold or labeled any meat food product or poultry
product with an animal raising claim, except in accordance with
this subtitle, shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more
than $10,000.
``(2) False statement.--Any person who after notice and an
opportunity to be heard, has been found by the Secretary to
makes a false, fraudulent, or fictitious statement to the
Secretary, a governing Federal or State official, or a third-
party certifier, or conceals, covers up, falsifies, or deceives
a material fact to the Secretary, a governing Federal or State
official, or a third-party certifier with respect to an animal
raising claim subject to the requirements of this subtitle
shall be subject to a penalty specified in section 1001 of
title 18, United States Code.
``(i) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this subtitle such sums as may be necessary.
``SEC. 299. APPLICABILITY.
``This subtitle shall only apply to meat food products and poultry
products that are subject to labeling requirements under the Federal
Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) and the Poultry Products
Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et seq.).
``SEC. 300. DEFINITIONS.
``In this subtitle:
``(1) The term `animal raising claim' means a statement on
the labeling of meat food products or poultry products used in
interstate commerce that reference the way that the source
animal for a meat food product or poultry product was raised,
including production practices that were used, such as living
or raising conditions, the breed, or the location or source of
where the product is born, raised, and processed.
``(2) The term `meat food product' has the meaning given
such term in section 1(j) of the Federal Meat Inspection Act
(21 U.S.C. 601(j)).
``(3) The term `poultry product' has the meaning given such
term in section 4(f) of the Poultry Products Inspection Act (7
U.S.C. 453(f)).''.
SEC. 502. GRANTS FOR REIMBURSEMENT OF COMPLIANCE COSTS FOR VERY SMALL
PROCESSORS OF MEAT FOOD PRODUCTS AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.
(a) Meat Food Products.--Title V of the Federal Meat Inspection Act
(21 U.S.C. 683 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following
new section:
``SEC. 502. GRANTS FOR REIMBURSEMENT OF COMPLIANCE COSTS FOR VERY SMALL
PROCESSORS.
``(a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a grant program
to provide competitive grants to eligible establishments to assist such
establishments in making adjustments to the facilities, equipment,
processes, and operations of such establishments to meet the
requirements of this Act. The Secretary may carry out such program with
any agency within the Department of Agriculture that the Secretary
determines is appropriate.
``(b) Eligible Establishments.--An establishment is eligible to
receive a grant under this section if such establishment is--
``(1) subject to Federal or State inspection under this
Act; and
``(2)(A) has fewer than 10 employees; or
``(B) has annual gross sales of less than $2,500,000.
``(c) Use of Funds.--An establishment receiving a grant under this
section shall use the funds made available through such grant to
cover--
``(1) the cost of developing and issuing (other than the
cost of labor), directly incurred or incurred by a consultant,
a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points plan for the
establishment; and
``(2) the actual costs of any adjustments to facilities,
equipment, processes, and operations necessary for the
establishment to comply with this Act.
``(d) Amount of Grant.--The total amount of funds provided to a
recipient of a grant under this section shall not exceed $50,000.
``(e) Federal Share.--Funds provided under a grant under this
section shall not exceed 50 percent of the costs referred to in
subsection (c), as determined by the Secretary.
``(f) Funding.--
``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity
Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry
out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021
through 2030.
``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section
$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030.''.
(b) Poultry Products.--The Poultry Products Inspection Act (7
U.S.C. 451 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 25 (7 U.S.C.
468) the following:
``grants for reimbursement of compliance costs for very small
processors
``Sec. 25A.
``(a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a grant program
to provide competitive grants to eligible establishments to assist such
establishments in making adjustments to the facilities, equipment,
processes, and operations of such establishments to meet the
requirements of this Act. The Secretary may carry out such program with
any agency within the Department of Agriculture that the Secretary
determines is appropriate.
``(b) Eligible Establishments.--An establishment is eligible to
receive a grant under this section if such establishment is--
``(1) subject to Federal or State inspection under this
Act; and
``(2)(A) has fewer than 10 employees; or
``(B) has annual gross sales of less than $2,500,000.
``(c) Use of Funds.--An establishment receiving a grant under this
section shall use the funds made available through such grant to
cover--
``(1) the cost of developing and issuing (other than the
cost of labor), directly incurred or incurred by a consultant,
a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points plan for the
establishment; and
``(2) the actual costs of any adjustments to facilities,
equipment, processes, and operations necessary for the
establishment to comply with this Act.
``(d) Amount of Grant.--The total amount of funds provided to a
recipient of a grant under this section shall not exceed $50,000.
``(e) Federal Share.--Funds provided under a grant under this
section shall not exceed 50 percent of the costs referred to in
subsection (c), as determined by the Secretary.
``(f) Funding.--
``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity
Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry
out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021
through 2030.
``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section
$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030.''.
SEC. 503. CONSERVATION OF PRIVATE GRAZING LAND.
(a) Purpose.--Section 1240M(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16
U.S.C. 3839bb(a)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (6), by inserting ``conserving water and''
before ``improving'';
(2) in paragraph (7), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a
semicolon;
(3) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the end and
inserting ``; and''; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
``(9) conserving and improving soil health and improving
grazing system resilience in the face of climate change through
advanced grazing management practices; and
``(10) providing support for producers transitioning from
confinement and feedlot systems or continuous grazing to
managed grazing-based systems, including support for pasture
development and management.''.
(b) Definitions.--Section 1240M(b)(2) of the Food Security Act of
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb(b)(2)) is amended by striking ``hay land'' and
inserting ``perennial hay land, including silvopasture''.
(c) Private Grazing Land Conservation Assistance.--Section 1240M(c)
of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb(c)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
inserting ``and partnerships described in paragraph
(2)(B)'' after ``local conservation districts'';
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``grazing land
management technologies'' and inserting ``regionally
appropriate, advanced grazing land management
technologies to improve soil health and maximize carbon
sequestration'';
(C) in subparagraph (C)(iv), by inserting ``through
integrated strategies that include rotational and
multispecies grazing, integrated pest management, and
other ecological practices'' after ``brush encroachment
problems'';
(D) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting a semicolon;
(E) in subparagraph (I), by striking the period at
the end and inserting ``; and''; and
(F) by adding at the end the following:
``(J) assisting producers in transitioning from
confinement or feedlot systems or continuous grazing to
managed grazing-based systems, including assistance in
pasture development and management.''; and
(2) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
``(2) Program elements.--
``(A) Technical assistance and education.--
Personnel of the Department trained in pasture and
range management shall be made available under the
program to deliver and coordinate technical assistance
and education to owners and managers of private grazing
land, including owners and managers interested in
developing new or improved pasture or grazing-based
systems on their land, at the request of the owners and
managers.
``(B) Partnerships.--In carrying out the program
under this section, the Secretary shall provide
research, demonstration, education (including
conferences, workshops, field days, and trainings),
workforce training, planning, and outreach activities
through partnerships with--
``(i) land-grant colleges and universities
(as defined in section 1404 of the National
Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching
Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103));
``(ii) nongovernmental organizations; and
``(iii) tribal organizations.
``(C) Grants.--
``(i) In general.--In carrying out the
program under this section, the Secretary shall
provide funds on a competitive basis to
partnerships to use for State or local action
grants to conduct grazing land research,
demonstration, education, workforce training,
planning, and outreach projects.
``(ii) Duration.--Grants made by
partnerships under this section shall be for a
period not to exceed 3 years.
``(iii) Cost sharing.--A partnership that
receives funding under this section shall
ensure that any funded project provides, from
non-Federal sources, funds or in-kind support
valued at not less than 25 percent of the total
cost of the project.
``(iv) Limitation on indirect costs.--A
partnership that receives funding under this
section may not use more than 15 percent of the
total cost of the project for the indirect
costs of carrying out the project.
``(v) Priority.--Priority shall be given to
projects that--
``(I) focus on sustainable grazing
management systems and techniques that
assist producers with multiple
ecosystem services, including climate
change adaptation and mitigation; and
``(II) involve beginning farmers
and ranchers, tribal producers, or new
graziers (including State or federally
registered apprenticeships).''.
(d) Grazing Technical Assistance Self-Help.--Section 1240M(d) of
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb(d)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting ``and for those
interested in beginning grazing'' before the semicolon;
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``may establish 2'' and
inserting ``may establish''; and
(3) in paragraph (3)(C)--
(A) in clause (ii), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting a semicolon;
(B) by redesignating clause (iii) as clause (iv);
and
(C) by inserting after clause (ii) the following:
``(iii) will improve climate change
adaptation and mitigation; and''.
(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 1240M(e) of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb(e)) is amended to read as
follows:
``(e) Funding.--
``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity
Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this
section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030.
``(2) Grants.--Of the funds made available under paragraph
(1), the Secretary shall use not more than 40 percent to carry
out subsection (c)(2)(C).
``(3) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized
to be appropriated to carry out this section $60,000,000 for
each of fiscal years 2002 through 2030.''.
SEC. 504. CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM.
(a) Conservation Reserve.--Section 1231(d) of the Food Security Act
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(d)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting a semicolon;
(B) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at
the end and inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(F) fiscal years 2024 through 2030, not more than
32,000,000 acres.''; and
(2) in paragraph (2)(A)--
(A) in clause (i), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting a semicolon;
(B) in clause (ii)(III), by striking the period and
inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(iii) the Secretary shall enroll and
maintain in the conservation reserve not fewer
than 7,000,000 acres of land described in
subsection (b)(3) by September 30, 2030, of
which 5,000,000 acres shall be reserved for the
pilot program established under section
1231C(c).''.
(b) Pilot Programs.--Section 1231C of the Food Security Act of 1985
(16 U.S.C. 3831c) is amended by adding at the end the following:
``(c) Grasslands 30.--
``(1) In general.--
``(A) Enrollment.--The Secretary shall establish a
pilot program to enroll land in the conservation
reserve program through a 30-year conservation reserve
contract (referred to in this subsection as a
`Grassland 30 contract') in accordance with this
subsection.
``(B) Inclusion of acreage limitation.--For
purposes of applying the limitations in section
1231(d)(1), the Secretary shall include acres of land
enrolled under this subsection.
``(2) Eligible land.--Eligible land for enrollment through
a Grassland 30 contract--
``(A) is land that is eligible to be enrolled in
the conservation reserve program under the grasslands
initiative described in section 1231(d)(2); and
``(B) shall not be limited to land that is subject
to an expired covered contract.
``(3) Expired conservation contract election.--
``(A) Definition of covered contract.--In this
paragraph, the term `covered contract' means a contract
entered into under this subchapter that--
``(i) expires on or after the date of
enactment of this subsection; and
``(ii) covers land enrolled in the
conservation reserve program under the
grasslands initiative described in section
1231(d)(2).
``(B) Election.--On the expiration of a covered
contract, an owner or operator party to the covered
contract shall elect--
``(i) not to reenroll the land under the
contract;
``(ii) to offer to reenroll the land under
the contract if the land remains eligible under
the terms in effect as of the date of
expiration; or
``(iii) not to reenroll the land under the
contract and to enroll that land through a
Grassland 30 contract under this subsection.
``(4) Term.--The term of a Grassland 30 contract shall be
30 years.
``(5) Agreements.--To be eligible to enroll land in the
conservation reserve program through a Grassland 30 contract,
the owner of the land shall enter into an agreement with the
Secretary--
``(A) to implement a conservation reserve plan
developed for the land;
``(B) to comply with the terms and conditions of
the contract and any related agreements; and
``(C) to temporarily suspend the base history for
the land covered by the contract.
``(6) Terms and conditions of grassland 30 contracts.--
``(A) In general.--A Grassland 30 contract shall
include terms and conditions that promote sustainable
grazing systems, protect and enhance soil carbon
levels, and are compatible with wildlife habitat
conservation, as determined by the Secretary, and may
include any additional provision that the Secretary
determines is appropriate to carry out this subsection
or facilitate the practical administration of this
subsection.
``(B) Violation.--On the violation of a term or
condition of a Grassland 30 contract, the Secretary may
require the owner to refund all or part of any payments
received by the owner under the conservation reserve
program, with interest on the payments, as determined
appropriate by the Secretary.
``(C) Compatible uses.--Land subject to a Grassland
30 contract may be used for compatible economic uses,
including hunting and fishing, if the use--
``(i) is specifically permitted by the
conservation reserve plan developed for the
land; and
``(ii) is consistent with the long-term
protection and enhancement of the conservation
resources for which the contract was
established.
``(7) Compensation.--
``(A) Amount of payments.--The Secretary shall
provide payment under this subsection to an owner of
land enrolled through a Grassland 30 contract using 30
annual payments in an amount equal to the amount that
would be used if the land were to be enrolled in the
conservation reserve program under section 1231(d)(2).
``(B) Form of payment.--Compensation for a
Grassland 30 contract shall be provided by the
Secretary in the form of a cash payment in an amount
determined under subparagraph (A).
``(C) Timing.--The Secretary shall provide any
annual payment obligation under subparagraph (A) as
early as practicable in each fiscal year.
``(D) Payments to others.--The Secretary shall make
a payment, in accordance with regulations prescribed by
the Secretary, in a manner as the Secretary determines
is fair and reasonable under the circumstances, if an
owner who is entitled to a payment under this section--
``(i) dies;
``(ii) becomes incompetent;
``(iii) is succeeded by another person or
entity who renders or completes the required
performance; or
``(iv) is otherwise unable to receive the
payment.
``(8) Technical assistance.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall assist
owners in complying with the terms and conditions of a
Grassland 30 contract.
``(B) Contracts or agreements.--The Secretary may
enter into 1 or more contracts with private entities or
agreements with a State, nongovernmental organization,
or Indian Tribe to carry out necessary maintenance of a
Grassland 30 contract if the Secretary determines that
the contract or agreement will advance the purposes of
the conservation reserve program.
``(9) Administration.--
``(A) Conservation reserve plan.--The Secretary
shall develop a conservation reserve plan for any land
subject to a Grassland 30 contract, which shall include
practices and activities necessary to maintain,
protect, and enhance the conservation value of the
enrolled land, including the protection and enhancement
of soil carbon levels.
``(B) Delegation of contract administration.--
``(i) Federal, state, tribal, or local
government agencies.--The Secretary may
delegate any of the management, monitoring, and
enforcement responsibilities of the Secretary
under this subsection to other Federal, State,
Tribal, or local government agencies that have
the appropriate authority, expertise, and
resources necessary to carry out those
delegated responsibilities.
``(ii) Conservation organizations.--The
Secretary may delegate any management
responsibilities of the Secretary under this
subsection to conservation organizations if the
Secretary determines the conservation
organization has similar expertise and
resources.''.
SEC. 505. ALTERNATIVE MANURE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM.
Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb et seq.) is further amended by adding at the end
the following:
``SEC. 1240T. ALTERNATIVE MANURE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM.
``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
``(1) Pasture-based management.--The term `pasture-based
management' means a dairy or livestock production system in
which the animals spend all or a substantial portion of their
time grazing on fields in which some or all of the manure is
deposited and left in the field and decomposes aerobically.
``(2) Non-digester dairy or livestock methane management
method.--The term `non-digester dairy or livestock methane
management method' means a method that may be used by operators
of dairy or livestock operations to transition from wet manure
handling and storage, where anaerobic conditions are present,
to dry manure handling and storage, including open solar drying
or composting of manure onsite, conversion of dairy and
livestock operations to pasture-based management, solid
separation technologies, scrape conversion, and other
strategies to mitigate methane emissions from manure
management, as determined by the Secretary.
``(3) Onsite open solar drying or composting of manure.--
The term `onsite open solar drying or composting of manure'
means the collection, storage, and drying of dairy or livestock
manure in a nonliquid environment on a farm or ranch.
``(4) Scrape conversion.--The term `scrape conversion'
means the conversion of flush water lagoon systems to solid-
scrape or dry manure management practices, including vacuum
technologies for manure management.
``(5) Solid separation technologies.--The term `solid
separation technologies' means technologies designed to
separate liquid components of manure from mineral and organic
solid components, for the purposes of reducing methane
emissions.
``(6) Eligible producer.--The term `eligible producer'
means a dairy or livestock producer whose baseline manure
management practices prior to enrollment in the program include
the anaerobic decomposition of volatile solids stored in a
lagoon or other predominantly liquid anaerobic environment.
``(b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish an alternative
manure management program to support non-digester dairy and livestock
methane management strategies to effectively reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and to maximize environmental benefits.
``(c) Payments.--During the 2021 through 2030 fiscal years, the
Secretary shall provide payments to eligible producers that enter into
contracts with the Secretary under the program.
``(d) Practices.--Each eligible producer requesting funding for a
project under the program shall include at least one of the following
project components that reduce baseline methane emissions on the
operation of the producer:
``(1) Conversion of dairy and livestock operations to
pasture-based management that eliminates or reduces the
quantity of manure stored in anaerobic conditions, including--
``(A) conversion of a non-pasture dairy or
livestock operation to pasture-based management;
``(B) increasing the amount of time livestock spend
at pasture at an existing pasture operation; or
``(C) improving pasture-based management, including
transitioning to managed rotational grazing.
``(2) Alternative manure treatment and storage practices,
including--
``(A) installation of a compost bedded pack barn
that composts manure;
``(B) installation of slatted floor pit storage
manure collection that must be cleaned out at least
monthly; or
``(C) other similar practices, as determined by the
Secretary.
``(3) Conversion to a solid separation system in which
manure solids are separated prior to entry into a wet,
anaerobic environment at a dairy or livestock operation, or
installation of a new solid separation system with
significantly higher separation efficiency than the existing
solid separation system, in conjunction with one or more of the
following practices:
``(A) Open solar drying or composting of manure
onsite.
``(B) Solar drying in an enclosed environment.
``(C) Forced evaporation with natural-gas fueled
dryers.
``(D) Storage of manure in unconfined piles or
stacks.
``(E) Composting in an enclosed vessel, with forced
aeration and continuous mixing.
``(F) Composting in piles with forced aeration but
no mixing.
``(G) Composting in intensive windrows with regular
turning for mixing and aeration.
``(H) Composting in passive windrows with
infrequent turning for mixing and aeration.
``(4) Scrape conversion in conjunction with one of the
practices listed in paragraph (3).
``(e) Term.--A contract under the program shall have a term that
does not exceed 3 years.
``(f) Payments.--
``(1) Availability of payments.--Payments provided to an
eligible producer under this section may be used to implement
one or more practices described in subsection (d).
``(2) Payment amounts.--The Secretary may provide a payment
to an eligible producer under the program for an amount that is
up to 100 percent of the costs associated with planning,
design, materials, equipment, installation, labor, management,
maintenance, and training related to implementing a practice
described in subsection (d).
``(3) Limitation on payments.--A person or legal entity
(including a joint venture and a general partnership) may not
receive, directly or indirectly, payments under the program
that exceed $750,000 during any 5-year period.
``(4) Advanced payments.--The Secretary shall provide at
least 50 percent of the amount of total payments to an eligible
producer in advance for all costs related to purchasing
materials and equipment or contracting.
``(g) Modification or Termination of Contracts.--
``(1) Voluntary modification or termination.--The Secretary
may modify or terminate a contract entered into with an
eligible producer under the program if--
``(A) the producer agrees to the modification or
termination; and
``(B) the Secretary determines that the
modification or termination is in the public interest.
``(2) Involuntary termination.--The Secretary may terminate
a contract under the program if the Secretary determines that
the eligible producer violated the contract.
``(h) Cluster Applications.--The Secretary shall establish
procedures under which--
``(1) groups of eligible producers may submit a joint
application in order to facilitate centralized composting
facilities; and
``(2) the Secretary will apportion payments to each
eligible producer associated with such a joint application.
``(i) Evaluation of Applications.--
``(1) Evaluation criteria.--The Secretary shall develop
criteria for evaluating applications that will ensure that the
purposes of the program are fulfilled in a cost effective
manner and in a manner that will maximize greenhouse gas
emissions reductions and overall environmental benefits.
``(2) Grouping of applications.--The Secretary may group
and evaluate applications relative to other applications for
similar farming operations.
``(j) Duties of Producers.--To receive payments under the program,
an eligible producer shall agree--
``(1) to implement an alternative manure management program
plan that describes the greenhouse gas emissions reductions and
other environmental benefits to be achieved through 1 or more
practices that are approved by the Secretary;
``(2) to supply information as required by the Secretary to
determine compliance with the program plan and requirements of
the program; and
``(3) to comply with such additional provisions as the
Secretary determines are necessary to carry out the program
plan.
``(k) Duties of the Secretary.--The Secretary shall--
``(1) determine and publish factors for estimating the
emissions reductions for each program practice to aid eligible
producers in development of applications and program plans; and
``(2) assist an eligible producer in achieving the
greenhouse gas emissions reduction and other environmental
goals of the program plan by--
``(A) providing payments for developing and
implementing 1 or more practices, as appropriate; and
``(B) providing the producer with information,
technical assistance, and training to aid in
implementation of the plan.
``(l) Funding.--The Secretary shall use the funds, facilities, and
authorities of the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out the
program (including the provision of technical assistance) using, to the
maximum extent practicable, $1,500,000,000 for the period of fiscal
years 2021 through 2030.''.
TITLE VI--ON-FARM RENEWABLE ENERGY
SEC. 601. RURAL ENERGY FOR AMERICA PROGRAM.
Section 9007 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
(7 U.S.C. 8106) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
striking ``and renewable energy development'' and
inserting ``, renewable energy development, and the
reduction of carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide
equivalent emissions''; and
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and renewable
energy systems'' and inserting ``, renewable energy
systems, and carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide
equivalent gas emissions reductions'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (D), by striking
``and'' at the end;
(ii) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as
subparagraph (G); and
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph (D)
the following:
``(E) a nonprofit corporation;
``(F) an agricultural cooperative or producer
group; and'';
(B) in paragraph (3)(D), by inserting before the
semicolon at the end the following: ``, including
carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide equivalent emissions
reductions''; and
(C) in paragraph (4)--
(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
(A), by inserting ``, agricultural
processors,'' after ``agricultural producers'';
(ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking
``and'' at the end;
(iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the
period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
(iv) by adding at the end the following:
``(C) assisting in the development of feasibility
studies and plans for implementing recommendations
provided under subparagraph (B).'';
(3) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (1)(A)(i), by inserting ``,
agricultural processors,'' after ``agricultural
producers'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (F) and
(G) as subparagraphs (G) and (H), respectively;
and
(ii) by inserting after subparagraph (E)
the following:
``(F) carbon accounting assessments developed under
subsection (d);'';
(C) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking ``25'' and
inserting ``50'';
(D) in paragraph (4), by adding at the end the
following:
``(F) Pre-approved technologies.--In order to
streamline the adoption of renewable energy systems and
the adoption of energy efficiency improvements, the
Secretary shall--
``(i) beginning with fiscal year 2021,
develop a pre-approved technologies and
products list and streamlined application
process for projects utilizing pre-approved
products; and
``(ii) update such list every 2 fiscal
years.''; and
(E) by adding at the end the following:
``(5) Priority.--In making grants or loan guarantees under
this subsection, priority shall be provided to proposed
projects that utilize technologies--
``(A) with the lowest carbon footprint; or
``(B) that the Secretary determines would result in
the largest net decreases of carbon dioxide and carbon
dioxide equivalent emissions as determined through the
carbon accounting assessments under subsection (d).'';
(4) in subsection (d)--
(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and
Technical Assistance'' after ``Outreach'';
(B) by striking ``The Secretary shall'' and
inserting ``Using funds made available under subsection
(h)(4), the Secretary shall''; and
(C) by inserting ``and technical assistance'' after
``outreach'';
(5) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), and (f) as
subsections (f), (g), and (h), respectively;
(6) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
``(d) Carbon Accounting.--
``(1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
the enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall work with
the National Renewable Energy Laboratory established pursuant
to section 10 of the Solar Energy Research, Development, and
Demonstration Act of 1974 to develop carbon accounting
estimates for renewable energy systems and energy efficiency
upgrades (including a pre-approved technologies list and
reserve fund technologies), supported through assistance
provided under this section.
``(2) Program guidance.--The results of the carbon
accounting assessments shall be used to guide program actions
as much as possible in order to achieve the purpose specified
in subsection (a).
``(e) Demonstration Practice.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall hold regional
demonstration projects that incentivize agricultural producers
to reduce the carbon footprint or overall carbon equivalent
emissions of such producers to the largest extent possible
through the use of both energy efficiency improvements and
renewable energy systems.
``(2) Extension.--The Secretary shall promote the results
of the regional demonstration projects carried out under
paragraph (1).''; and
(7) in subsection (h) (as redesignated by paragraph (5))--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraphs (A)
through (E) and inserting the following:
``(A) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014
through 2020;
``(B) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
``(C) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
``(D) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; and
``(E) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2024 and each
fiscal year thereafter.'';
(B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``become
available'' and inserting ``be used''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(4) Administrative expenses.--Not more than 8 percent of
the amount made available to carry out this section for a
fiscal year may be used for administrative expenses incurred in
carrying out this section.
``(5) Reservation of funds.--Of the funds made available to
carry out this section for a fiscal year, the Secretary may
reserve--
``(A) not more than 10 percent for grants under
subsection (c) to support the adoption of underutilized
but proven, commercial technologies; and
``(B) not more that 5 percent to carry out
subsection (e) to hold regional demonstration projects
and promote the results of such projects.''.
SEC. 602. STUDY ON DUAL-USE RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS.
(a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall conduct a study
on dual-use renewable energy systems, which shall include--
(1) an assessment on the compatibility of different species
of livestock with different dual-use renewable energy system
designs, including--
(A) the optimal height of and distance between
solar panels for--
(i) livestock grazing; and
(ii) shade for livestock;
(B) manure management considerations;
(C) fencing requirements; and
(D) other animal handling considerations;
(2) an assessment of the compatibility of different crop
types with different dual-use renewable energy system designs,
including--
(A) the optimal height of and distance between
solar panels for--
(i) plant shading; and
(ii) farm equipment use;
(B) the impact on crop yield; and
(C) market opportunities to sell crops at a premium
price;
(3) a risk-benefit analysis of dual-use renewable energy
systems in different regions of the United States, including a
comparison between the total greenhouse gas impact of dual-use
renewable energy systems and renewable energy systems that
displace agricultural production; and
(4) a 5-year plan for how the research and extension
activities of the Department of Agriculture could be used to
better support dual-use renewable energy systems that do not
displace agricultural production.
(b) Definition of Dual-Use Renewable Energy Systems.--In this
section, the term ``dual-use renewable energy systems'' means renewable
energy production and agricultural production, including crop or animal
production, occurring together on the same piece of land.
(c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment
of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee
on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a written report
containing the results of the study required by subsection (a).
SEC. 603. AGSTAR PROGRAM.
(a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture (in this section
referred to as the ``Secretary'') shall maintain a program, to be known
as the AgSTAR program, that--
(1) supports anaerobic digestion in the agricultural sector
to reduce methane emissions from livestock waste;
(2) conducts outreach, education, and training on anaerobic
digestion of livestock waste;
(3) provides technical and regulatory assistance on
anaerobic digestion of livestock waste to stakeholders,
including farmers and ranchers, on issues including--
(A) permitting;
(B) codigestion of multiple organic wastes in one
digester; and
(C) interconnection to physically link a digester
to the electrical power grid;
(4) promotes centralized, multi-farm digesters that use
livestock waste from more than 1 farm or ranch;
(5) collects and reports data on anaerobic digestion of
livestock waste; and
(6) maintains a database of on-farm anaerobic digester
projects in the United States.
(b) Transition.--The Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency shall take such steps as may be appropriate to provide for an
orderly transition of the activities carried out under the AgSTAR
program of the Environmental Protection Agency to the AgSTAR program
under this section.
(c) Administration.--The Secretary shall carry out the program
through the Natural Resources Conservation Service, in coordination
with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and other
Federal agencies as necessary, and in partnership with the Regional
Climate Hubs, cooperative extension services, and other agencies of the
Department of Agriculture.
(d) Limitations on Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out
the AgSTAR program under this section, there are authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary not more than $5,000,000 for each fiscal
year.
TITLE VII--FOOD LOSS AND WASTE
Subtitle A--Food Date Labeling
SEC. 701. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) Administering secretaries.--The term ``administering
Secretaries'' means--
(A) the Secretary of Agriculture with respect to
any product that is under the Secretary of
Agriculture's jurisdiction and is--
(i) a poultry product, as defined in
section 4 of the Poultry Products Inspection
Act (21 U.S.C. 453);
(ii) a meat food product, as defined in
section 1 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act
(21 U.S.C. 601); or
(iii) an egg product, as defined in section
4 of the Egg Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C.
1033); and
(B) the Secretary of Health and Human Services with
respect to any product that is under the Secretary of
Health and Human Services' jurisdiction and is a food
(as defined in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321)).
(2) Discard date.--The term ``discard date'' means a date
voluntarily printed on food packaging, which signifies the end
of the estimated period of shelf life under any stated storage
conditions, after which the food labeler advises the product
not be consumed.
(3) Food labeler.--The term ``food labeler'' means the
producer, manufacturer, distributor, or retailer that places a
date label on food packaging of a product.
(4) Quality date.--The term ``quality date'' means a date
voluntarily printed on food packaging that is intended to
communicate to consumers the date after which--
(A) the quality of the product may begin to
deteriorate; but
(B) the product remains apparently wholesome food
(as defined in subsection (b)(2) of section 22 of the
Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1791(b)(2));
also known as the Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Food
Donation Act).
SEC. 702. QUALITY DATES AND DISCARD DATES.
(a) Quality Dates.--
(1) In general.--If a food labeler includes a quality date
on food packaging, the label shall use the uniform quality date
label phrase under paragraph (2).
(2) Uniform phrase.--The uniform quality date label phrase
under this paragraph shall be ``BEST If Used By'' or, if
permissible under subsection (c)(3), the standard abbreviation
of ``BB'', unless and until the administering Secretaries,
acting jointly, specify through rulemaking another uniform
phrase to be used for purposes of complying with paragraph (1).
(3) Option of the labeler.--The decisions on whether to
include a quality date on food packaging and which foods should
be so labeled shall be at the discretion of the food labeler.
(b) Discard Dates.--
(1) In general.--If a food labeler includes a discard date
on food packaging, the label shall use the uniform discard date
label phrase under paragraph (2).
(2) Uniform phrase.--The uniform discard date label phrase
under this paragraph shall be ``USE By'' or, if permissible
under subsection (c)(3), the standard abbreviation of ``UB'',
unless and until the administering Secretaries, acting jointly,
specify through rulemaking another uniform phrase to be used
for purposes of complying with paragraph (1).
(3) Option of the labeler.--The decisions on whether to
include a discard date on food packaging and which foods should
be so labeled shall be at the discretion of the food labeler.
(c) Quality Date and Discard Date Labeling.--
(1) In general.--The quality date or discard date, as
applicable, and immediately adjacent uniform quality date label
phrase or discard date label phrase--
(A) shall be--
(i) in single easy-to-read type style; and
(ii) located in a conspicuous place on the
package of the food; and
(B) may be on the label or, at the discretion of
the food labeler, elsewhere on the package.
(2) Date format.--Each quality date and discard date shall
be stated in terms of day and month and, as appropriate, year.
(3) Abbreviations.--A food labeler may use a standard
abbreviation of ``BB'' and ``UB'' for the quality date and
discard date, respectively, only if the food packaging is too
small to include the uniform phrase described in subsection
(a)(2) or (b)(2), as applicable.
(4) Freeze by.--A food labeler may add ``or Freeze By''
following a quality date or discard date uniform phrase.
(d) Infant Formula.--This Act and the amendments made by this Act--
(1) do not apply with respect to infant formula (as defined
in section 201(z) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
(21 U.S.C. 321(z))); and
(2) shall not be construed to affect the requirements
pertaining to infant formula under section 412 of the Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 350a) and other
applicable provisions of law.
(e) Education.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
of this Act, the administering Secretaries, acting jointly, shall
provide consumer education and outreach on the meaning of quality date
and discard date food labels.
(f) Rule of Construction; Preemption.--
(1) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this Act or the
amendments made by this Act shall be construed to prohibit any
State or political subdivision of a State from establishing or
continuing in effect any requirement that prohibits the sale or
donation of foods based on passage of the discard date.
(2) Preemption.--No State or political subdivision of a
State may establish or continue in effect any requirement
that--
(A) relates to the inclusion in food labeling of a
quality date or a discard date that is different from
or in addition to, or that is otherwise not identical
with, the requirements of this Act and the amendments
made by this Act; or
(B) prohibits the sale or donation of foods based
on passage of the quality date.
(3) Enforcement.--The administering Secretaries, acting
jointly and in coordination with the Federal Trade Commission,
shall ensure that the uniform quality date label phrase and
uniform discard date label phrase are standardized across all
food products.
(4) Savings.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2), nothing in
this Act, nor any amendment made by this Act, nor any standard
or requirement imposed pursuant to this Act, shall be construed
to preempt, displace, or supplant any State or Federal common
law rights or any State or Federal statute creating a remedy
for civil relief, including those for civil damage, or a
penalty for criminal conduct.
(g) Time Temperature Indicator Labels.--Nothing in this Act or the
amendments made by this Act shall be construed to prohibit or restrict
the use of time-temperature indicator labels or similar technology that
is in addition to or in lieu of any uniform quality date label phrase
under subsection (a)(2) or uniform discard date label phrase under
subsection (b)(2).
SEC. 703. MISBRANDING.
(a) FDA Violations.--Section 403 of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
``(z) If it is food and its labeling is in violation of section 3
of the Food Date Labeling Act of 2019.''.
(b) Poultry Products.--Section 4(h) of the Poultry Products
Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 453(h)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (11), by striking ``or'' at the end;
(2) in paragraph (12), by striking the period at the end
and inserting ``; or''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
``(13) if its labeling is in violation of section 3 of the
Food Date Labeling Act of 2019.''.
(c) Meat Products.--Section 1(n) of the Federal Meat Inspection Act
(21 U.S.C. 601(n)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (11), by striking ``or'' at the end;
(2) in paragraph (12), by striking the period at the end
and inserting ``; or''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
``(13) if its labeling is in violation of section 3 of the
Food Date Labeling Act of 2019.''.
(d) Egg Products.--Section 7(b) of the Egg Products Inspection Act
(21 U.S.C. 1036(b)) is amended in the first sentence by adding before
the period at the end ``or if its labeling is in violation of section 3
of the Food Date Labeling Act of 2019''.
SEC. 704. REGULATIONS.
Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
Secretaries, acting jointly, shall promulgate final regulations for
carrying out the provisions of this Act and the amendments made by this
Act.
SEC. 705. DELAYED APPLICABILITY.
This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall apply only with
respect to food products that are labeled on or after the date that is
2 years after the date of promulgation of final regulations under
section 5.
Subtitle B--Other Provisions
SEC. 711. COMPOSTING AS CONSERVATION PRACTICE.
(a) Definitions.--Section 1201(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985
(16 U.S.C. 3801(a)) is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (27) as
paragraphs (4) through (28), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
``(3) Composting practice.--The term `composting practice'
means--
``(A) an activity (including an activity that does
not require the use of a composting facility) to
produce compost from organic waste that is--
``(i) generated on a farm; or
``(ii) brought to a farm from the nearby
community; and
``(B) the use of compost on a farm to improve water
retention and soil health, subject to the condition
that such a use shall be in compliance with applicable
Federal, State, and local laws.''.
(b) Conservation Stewardship Program.--Section 1240I(2)(B)(i) of
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-21(2)(B)(i)) is amended
by inserting ``and composting practices'' after ``agriculture drainage
management systems''.
(c) Environmental Quality Incentives Program.--Section
1240A(6)(A)(ii) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
1(6)(A)(ii)) is amended by inserting ``, including composting
practices'' before the semicolon at the end.
(d) Delivery of Technical Assistance.--Section 1242(h) of the Food
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(h)) is amended by adding at the
end the following:
``(5) Development of composting practice standard.--In
addition to conducting a review of any composting facilities
practice standard under this subsection, the Secretary shall
develop and implement a composting practice standard.''.
SEC. 712. AMENDMENTS TO FEDERAL FOOD DONATION ACT.
(a) Purpose.--Section 2 of the Federal Food Donation Act of 2008
(Public Law 110-247; 42 U.S.C. 1792 note) is amended by striking
``encourage'' and inserting ``require''.
(b) Definitions.--Section 3 of the Federal Food Donation Act of
2008 (Public Law 110-247; 42 U.S.C. 1792 note) is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs
(4) and (5), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
``(3) Executive agency.--The term `executive agency' has
the meaning given the term in section 133 of title 41, United
States Code.''.
(c) Report on Food Waste by Certain Federal Contractors.--Section 4
of the Federal Food Donation Act of 2008 (Public Law 110-247; 42 U.S.C.
1792) is amended--
(1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
``(a) In General.--
``(1) Requirement.--Not later than 180 days after the date
of enactment of the Act, the Federal Acquisition Regulation
issued in accordance with section 1121 of title 41, United
States Code, shall be revised to provide that, except as
provided in paragraph (2), all contracts of more than $10,000
for the provision, service, or sale of food in the United
States, or for the lease or rental of Federal property to a
private entity for events at which food is provided in the
United States, shall include a clause that--
``(A) requires the donation of excess, apparently
wholesome food to nonprofit organizations that provide
assistance to food-insecure people in the United
States;
``(B) states the terms and conditions described in
subsection (b); and
``(C) requires the annual submission, in a form and
manner specified by the executive agency awarding the
contract, of the report described in subsection (d).
``(2) Exception.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a
contract with an executive agency that has issued a regulation
in effect on the date of enactment of the Act that prohibits a
donation described in paragraph (1)(A).''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
``(c) Application to Congress.--
``(1) Contracts.--This Act shall apply to the House of
Representatives and to contracts entered into by the House of
Representatives, and to the Senate and to contracts entered
into by the Senate, in the same manner and to the same extent
as this Act applies to an executive agency and to contracts
entered into by an executive agency.
``(2) Administration.--For purposes of carrying out
paragraph (1)--
``(A) the Chief Administrative Officer of the House
of Representatives shall be considered to be the head
of the House of Representatives; and
``(B) the Secretary of the Senate shall be
considered to be the head of the Senate.
``(d) Data; Reports.--
``(1) Report described.--The report described in this
subsection, with respect to a contract described in subsection
(a) entered into by a contractor and an executive agency, is a
report from the contractor to the executive agency that
describes, for each month of performance of the contract during
the year covered by the report, the weight of apparently
wholesome food that was, pursuant to the contract, disposed of
in each of the following manners:
``(A) Donation.--Donation by the contractor
pursuant to this Act (organized by the name of the
organization receiving such food).
``(B) Composting.--Composting or other recycling by
the contractor.
``(C) Discarding.--Discarding by the contractor
(organized by the reason such food was so discarded).
``(2) Reports to omb.--Not later than 30 days after the
date that an executive agency receives a report pursuant to
paragraph (1)(C), the agency shall submit a copy of the report
to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
``(3) Reports to congress.--The Director of the Office of
Management and Budget shall submit to Congress an annual report
aggregating the information in the reports received pursuant to
paragraph (2) during the year covered by the report.''.
(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--The Federal Food Donation Act
of 2008 (42 U.S.C. 1792) is amended by adding at the end the following:
``SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
``There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of
Agriculture to carry out this Act $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2021 and
each fiscal year thereafter.''.
SEC. 713. GRANTS FOR COMPOSTING AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FOOD WASTE-TO-
ENERGY PROJECTS.
(a) In General.--Subtitle G of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42
U.S.C. 6971 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
``SEC. 7011. GRANTS FOR COMPOSTING AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FOOD WASTE-
TO-ENERGY PROJECTS.
``(a) Grants.--The Administrator shall establish a grant program to
award grants to States eligible to receive the grants under subsection
(b)(1) to construct large-scale composting or anaerobic digestion food
waste-to-energy projects.
``(b) Eligible States.--
``(1) Eligibility.--In order to be eligible to receive a
grant under this section, a State shall--
``(A) have in effect a plan to limit the quantity
of food waste that may be disposed of in landfills in
the State; and
``(B) provide to the Administrator--
``(i) a written commitment that the State
has read and agrees to comply with the Food
Recovery Hierarchy of the Environmental
Protection Agency, particularly as applied to
apparently wholesome food (as defined in
section 22(b) of the Child Nutrition Act of
1966 (42 U.S.C. 1791(b))) that may be provided
to or received by the State; and
``(ii) a written end-product recycling plan
that provides for the beneficial use of the
material resulting from any anaerobic digestion
food waste-to-energy operation with respect to
which the loan or grant is made, in a manner
that meets all applicable Federal, State, and
local laws that protect human health and the
environment.
``(2) Limitation.--A grant under subsection (a) may not be
used for an anaerobic digester that uses solely manure as
undigested biomass.
``(3) Preference.--The Administrator shall give preference
to grants under subsection (a) for anaerobic digesters that use
primarily nonedible food, crop waste, or nonedible food and
crop waste as undigested biomass.
``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this section $100,000,000 for each fiscal
year.
``(d) State Defined.--In this section, the term `State' means each
State of the United States, the District of Columbia, each territory or
possession of the United States, and each federally recognized Indian
Tribe.''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the Solid Waste
Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.) is amended by inserting after the
item relating to section 7010 the following:
``Sec. 7011. Grants for composting and anaerobic digestion food waste-
to-energy projects.''.
SEC. 714. SCHOOL FOOD WASTE REDUCTION GRANT PROGRAM.
(a) In General.--Section 18 of the Richard B. Russell National
School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1769) is amended by inserting before
subsection (b) the following:
``(a) School Food Waste Reduction Grant Program.--
``(1) Grant program established.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a
program to make grants, on a competitive basis, to
eligible local educational agencies to carry out food
waste measurement and reporting, prevention, education,
and reduction projects.
``(B) Regional balance.--In awarding grants under
this subsection, the Secretary shall, to the maximum
extent practicable, ensure that--
``(i) a grant is awarded to an eligible
local educational agency in each region served
by the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition
Service; and
``(ii) equitable treatment of rural, urban,
and tribal communities.
``(2) Application.--To be eligible to receive a grant under
this subsection, an eligible local educational agency shall
submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such
manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may
require.
``(3) Priority.--In making grants under this subsection the
Secretary shall give priority to an eligible local educational
agency that demonstrates in the application under paragraph (2)
that such eligible local educational agency will use the grant
to--
``(A) carry out experiential education activities
that encourage children enrolled in such eligible local
educational agency to participate in food waste
measurement and education;
``(B) prioritize the best use of food in accordance
with the Food Recovery Hierarchy published by the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency;
``(C) with respect to food waste prevention and
reduction, collaborate with other eligible local
educational agencies, tribes, nongovernmental and
community-based organizations, and other community
partners;
``(D) evaluate the activities described in
subparagraphs (A) through (C) and make evaluation
plans; and
``(E) establish a food waste measurement,
prevention, and reduction project with long-term
sustainability.
``(4) Federal share.--
``(A) In general.--The Federal share of a food
waste measurement, prevention, and reduction project
funded through a grant awarded under this subsection
shall not exceed 75 percent of the total cost of such
food waste reduction project.
``(B) Federal matching.--As a condition of
receiving a grant under this subsection, an eligible
local educational agency shall provide matching funds
in the form of cash or in-kind contributions, including
facilities, equipment, or services provided by State
and local governments, nonprofit organizations, and
private sources.
``(5) Use of funds.--An eligible local educational agency
that receives a grant under this section shall use funds under
such grant to carry out at least one of the following:
``(A) Planning a food waste measurement,
prevention, and reduction project.
``(B) Carrying out activities under such a project.
``(C) Providing training to support such a project.
``(D) Purchasing equipment to support such a
project.
``(E) Offering food waste education to students
enrolled in such eligible local educational agency.
``(6) Evaluation.--
``(A) Agreement.--As a condition of receiving a
grant under this subsection, each eligible local
educational agency shall agree to cooperate in an
evaluation by the Secretary of the project carried out
using grant funds.
``(B) Periodic evaluation.--Not later than 2 years
after the date of the enactment of this paragraph and
every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall carry out
an evaluation of the grants made under this section
that includes--
``(i) the amount of Federal funds used to
carry out such grants; and
``(ii) an evaluation of the outcomes of the
projects carried out pursuant to such grants.
``(7) Definition of eligible local educational agency.--In
this subsection, the term `eligible local educational agency'
means a local educational agency that participates in the
school lunch program under this Act or the school breakfast
program established under section 4 of the Child Nutrition Act
of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1773).''.
(b) Technical Assistance.--Section 21(b) of the Richard B. Russell
National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1769b-1(b)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the end;
(2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and
inserting ``; and''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
``(4) food waste measurement, prevention, and reduction.''.
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