[Pages S115-S119]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                           EXECUTIVE SESSION

                                 ______
                                 

                           EXECUTIVE CALENDAR

  Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I move to proceed to executive session 
to consider Calendar No. 498.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the motion.
  The motion was agreed to.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report the nomination.
  The bill clerk read the nomination of Peter Gaynor, of Rhode Island, 
to be Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, 
Department of Homeland Security.


                             Cloture Motion

  Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I send a cloture motion to the desk.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cloture motion having been presented under 
rule XXII, the Chair directs the clerk to read the motion.

[[Page S116]]

  The bill clerk read as follows:

                             Cloture Motion

       We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the 
     provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, 
     do hereby move to bring to a close debate on the nomination 
     of Peter Gaynor, of Rhode Island, to be Administrator of the 
     Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland 
     Security.
         Mitch McConnell, John Thune, Ron Johnson, Mike Rounds, 
           Richard Burr, Kevin Cramer, Pat Roberts, Roger F. 
           Wicker, Cindy Hyde-Smith, Thom Tillis, John Cornyn, Tim 
           Scott, Mike Crapo, Steve Daines, John Boozman, Shelley 
           Moore Capito, James E. Risch.

  Mr. McCONNELL. I ask unanimous consent that the mandatory quorum call 
be waived.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The Senator from Florida.


                                  Iran

  Mr. SCOTT of Florida. Mr. President, President Trump is working to 
defend the freedom of our country. He was right to take swift and 
decisive action to kill one of the world's worst monsters. Soleimani 
was responsible for the death and maiming of thousands of Americans and 
tens of thousands worldwide. He ordered the attack on the United States 
Embassy in Iraq. He had plans to kill more Americans.
  There are some in this body who are trying to curtail the President's 
authority to defend Americans and defend American interests. This is 
not only foolish; it is fool hardy. Our President does and should have 
the authority to defend Americans, period, but it is an authority he 
doesn't take lightly. President Trump is right to use restraint and 
avoid further escalation unless Iran continues their provocations.
  The regime in Iran--a regime that chants ``Death to America'' and 
wants to wipe Israel off the face of the map--needs to know that the 
United States will not tolerate acts of aggression against America or 
our allies. The death of Soleimani was a strong warning, but they 
should also know they have the opportunity to become productive members 
of the world community and bring peace and prosperity to their people. 
The choice is theirs. We all want peace, and the greatest deterrent to 
war is our economic and military strength, but Iran must make the 
choice for peace. It is a choice that is theirs alone.
  During this trying time, I want to pause and take a moment to 
remember the brave men and women of our Armed Forces. We often forget 
in Washington that the people carrying out the orders of our Commander 
in Chief are just that--people. They are not pieces on a chess board. 
They are fathers and mothers, sons and daughters, brothers and sisters.
  I remember my father talking about his experience in World War II--a 
conflict he certainly had no expectation to return from. He loved his 
service to our country but never forgot those we lost. I remember 
friends going to Vietnam and Korea. I have spent many hours sitting and 
talking with Gold Star parents. As Governor, I watched Florida National 
Guard units leave for wars in the Middle East.
  The cost of war is great. As Ronald Reagan said, ``Freedom is not 
bought cheaply.'' We should never forget that.
  I am praying for our brave men and women in uniform--some of them 
Floridians--headed overseas to protect Americans and prevent an 
escalating conflict, and I am praying for peace.
  These heroes put their lives in danger to defend our Nation, and we 
cannot thank them enough for their sacrifice and their service. We must 
recognize the dangers and threats that our world faces today, and we 
must always stand together united to defend freedom and democracy.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Dakota.


                   Remembering Jocelyn Birch Burdick

  Mr. CRAMER. Mr. President, on the day after Christmas, former Senator 
Jocelyn Burdick died in Fargo, ND, at the age of 97.
  Jocelyn served only 30 days, roughly--or 3 months, maybe, at the 
most--in the United States Senate while she filled the vacancy that was 
created by the death of her husband, the longtime United States 
Senator, Quentin Burdick. During those 3 months, Jocelyn was able to 
cast votes as her husband would have cast them and to support his staff 
after his death and through the transition to fill the vacancy in a 
special election. Jocelyn will forever hold a place in North Dakota 
history as North Dakota's first woman United States Senator.
  However, her service in North Dakota goes far beyond those 3 months 
she served in the Senate. All of us Senators know the importance and 
the incredible service of our spouses. Jocelyn stood by Quentin's side 
for 32 years while he served our State here in this important body.
  Throughout her life, Jocelyn embraced her place in public life with 
tremendous grace, dignity, and class. She demonstrated by example how 
people can be principled in their beliefs, yet friendly, cordial, even 
affectionate while having different political views. I am honored to be 
standing here using her desk--Quentin's desk. To be a part of this 
heritage is a great honor for me.
  The impact of her life well lived can be seen in countless ways, 
especially as a philanthropist, as a political and community volunteer, 
and certainly as a woman of deep faith. Jocelyn's memory will remain 
alive in the hearts of all of those who had the privilege to know her.
  Kris and I join Senator Hoeven and Mikey, and many, many North 
Dakotans in sending our condolences and our best wishes to the Burdick 
family. We pray that fond memories and the deep affection so many 
people held for Jocelyn will comfort them in these days and the days 
ahead. I pray that God will bless Jocelyn Burdick's memory.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Dakota.
  Mr. HOEVEN. Mr. President, today I rise, along with my colleague 
Senator Cramer, to honor former Senator from North Dakota Jocelyn 
Burdick. She was the first woman to represent the State of North Dakota 
in the U.S. Senate. My wife Mikey and I were saddened to hear of her 
recent passing, and we want to extend our sincere condolences to all of 
the Burdick family.
  As I said, I, along with Senator Cramer, have introduced a resolution 
to honor Senator Jocelyn Burdick and her service to the people of North 
Dakota and the United States in this body.
  Jocelyn was born in Fargo, ND. She attended Principia College and 
Northwestern University and began her career as a radio announcer in 
Moorhead, MN.
  On September 12, 1992, Jocelyn Burdick became the first woman from 
the State of North Dakota to serve in the U.S. Senate. She was 
appointed by then-Governor George Sinner to fill the seat of her late 
husband, Quentin Burdick, whom she served alongside during his 32 years 
in this body, the U.S. Senate. The Burdick family has a long history of 
public service.
  During her time in the Senate, she helped to establish the Quentin N. 
Burdick Indian Health Program at the University of North Dakota, 
supporting healthcare training programs for Native Americans, and 
helped to secure funding for the Federal courthouse in Fargo named 
after her late husband.
  Jocelyn was a Sunday school teacher and devoted member of the 
Christian Science Church. She served as president of the local Parent 
Teacher Association, recorded public service announcements raising 
awareness of substance abuse and drunk driving, and was nationally 
recognized for her philanthropy on behalf of the Gamma Phi Beta 
sorority.
  I knew Jocelyn Burdick, and she was a fine person. I join with the 
people of North Dakota in expressing our appreciation for her service 
on behalf of our State and our Nation.
  With that, I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Braun). The Senator from Ohio.


                 United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement

  Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, in the fall of 2016, just 4 years ago, I 
heard Candidate Trump repeatedly promise to get rid of the North 
American Free Trade Agreement--to pull out of it, to renegotiate it, or 
to fix it so that it worked better than it did.
  I didn't support Donald Trump for President. I think he has been a 
less than honest President with whom I disagree in terms of his 
character and in terms of his work product, but that is really not the 
point. The point was

[[Page S117]]

that I liked what he said about getting out of NAFTA. I know what NAFTA 
did to the Presiding Officer's home State of Indiana. I know what it 
did to Dayton, OH; to Cleveland, OH; to Canton, OH; to Youngstown, 
Toledo, Mansfield, Springfield, Zanesville, and to almost every 
community in my State. So I welcomed the President's saying that.
  The reason I thought these trade agreements were so bad for our 
country was that these trade agreements were always written by 
corporate interests to serve the needs of the executives and the major 
stockholders of the corporations. In fact, they not only were not 
written for workers, but they undermined workers. I have never voted 
for a trade agreement. I voted against NAFTA, and I voted against the 
Central American Free Trade Agreement. I voted against permanent normal 
trade relations with China--one after another after another--because I 
saw that these trade agreements were written for corporate interests 
and that they betrayed workers.
  What happened is that companies would shut down production in Canton 
or in Niles or in Bryan or in Lima, and they would move overseas, build 
factories there, and sell those products back into the United States. 
That was what happened with these trade agreements. Corporations liked 
them because they could exploit low-income workers. They liked them 
because their profits could be greater. They liked them because they 
had no responsibility to their workers when they would move overseas 
and sell the products back. That was their mission. That was the way 
these companies did business. So I welcomed the President's doing that.
  Then, about a year ago, the President presented the new NAFTA. He 
called it the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, the USMCA. When he 
presented it to the Congress, it was more of the same. It was almost 
exactly the same. It had a few little tweaks, but fundamentally the 
President again betrayed the workers, as all of these trade agreements 
do. The President's bill, the President's USMCA, was again a giveaway 
to corporate interests. In fact, there was a provision in there for the 
drug companies that was maybe worse than I had ever seen in a trade 
agreement. The White House, I admit, does look like an executive 
retreat for drug company executives except on Tuesdays and Fridays, 
when it looks like a retreat for Wall Street executives.
  The President presented this USMCA to us, and it was the same ol, 
same ol. It fundamentally would mean more jobs would be outsourced, 
more profits for corporations, and more exploitation of low-wage 
workers. Because of his USMCA, even more companies would shut down in 
Lima or in Zanesville or in Gallipolis or in Portsmouth or in 
Chillicothe and move overseas to look for cheap labor and weaker labor 
laws so they would make more money. So this President betrayed workers 
again by giving us a trade agreement that was no better than the ones 
he had campaigned against.
  Yet, this year, a number of us--Senator Wyden of Oregon, Speaker 
Pelosi, Congresswoman DeLauro of Connecticut, and organized labor--
banded together and said: No, Mr. President. We are not going to pass 
another corporate trade agreement. We are not going to pass another 
special interest trade agreement that sells out workers and enriches 
corporate executives over and over. We are not going to buy that again. 
We are saying no to that. Then we said: We will support your USMCA only 
if you include strong language for workers.
  So we got the Brown-Wyden amendment in this agreement.
  Finally, after a year--the President fundamentally refused to talk to 
us about it, and the U.S. Trade Rep refused to seriously include this 
language--they realized: Wait a second. If we don't do this, we will 
never get another USMCA. So just a few weeks ago, President Trump and 
U.S. Trade Representative Lighthizer finally agreed to put in strong 
labor language.
  Do you know what that means? It means that the center of our trade 
agreement now--the center of our trade policy--is workers. Workers are 
now at the center of our trade policy, not corporate interests that 
send jobs overseas, not pharmaceutical companies that make even more 
money when they go to China, not other kinds of corporations that 
outsource their jobs and have their whole business plans undermining 
workers.
  Do you know what else that means? It is good news for places like 
Gallipolis and Zanesville and Mansfield and Lima and Chillicothe and 
Columbus and Dayton and all of these communities in my State. It is 
good news for them because, for the first time, they can look to our 
trade policy and see that workers are the center of that trade policy.
  In years and years here, I have never voted for a trade agreement. I 
have always opposed NAFTA and CAFTA and PRT with China. Last week, in 
the Committee on Finance, because they included Brown-Wyden, because 
workers are now at the center of our trade policy, I cast my vote for a 
trade agreement that will matter, that will help workers in my State. 
It is a good move. It means not just that this trade agreement will be 
better; it means, in the future, that any President who wants to pass a 
trade agreement will have to do what we did this year over the 
resistance of President Trump. He will have to do what we did this year 
and put workers at the center of our trade policy.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Oklahoma.
  Mr. LANKFORD. Mr. President, if I go back 2\1/2\ years, there was a 
lot of turmoil and a lot of conversation about the President of the 
United States' stepping into the issue of trade, specifically in North 
America, for it was a settled issue between Canada and Mexico. Yet we 
asked the question: Should we revisit NAFTA?
  At that time, a lot of people said that the trade agreement was 
complicated and hard and that we shouldn't touch the trade agreement, 
that we should just leave it alone. With all of its warts and all of 
its faults, it is what it is. Don't touch it.
  Instead, the President chose to step into the North American Free 
Trade Agreement and say: No. We are going to renegotiate this deal. It 
is 25 years old, and it needs a revisit. Against the many people who 
were pushing against him, he pushed through that and said: Let's start 
all over again.
  In the past 2\1/2\ years, the Trump team has renegotiated the deal 
and brought it back to Congress, where it passed with overwhelming 
bipartisan support--finally--in the House. It sat on the House's desk 
for 14 months before those in the House took it up. Finally, after 14 
months of their not taking it up, they passed it with overwhelming 
bipartisan support. It has now gone through the Committee on Finance 
here in the Senate with a vote of 25 to 3, and it is headed toward the 
floor of the Senate, to the President's desk, and finally to getting 
this issue resolved about North American free trade.
  Now, with this issue between Canada and Mexico, I have had some folks 
ask me: Why is it such a big issue? It is a big issue because Canada 
and Mexico are our No. 1 and No. 2 trading partners in the world. Far 
and away, Canada and Mexico are our biggest trading partners. Our trade 
relationships are essential not just to every border State but to 
States like my State. In Oklahoma, Canada and Mexico are also our 
biggest trading partners. They are vital to our economic success and 
have been key to what has happened in NAFTA over the last 25 years.
  Yet now, after all of the negotiations and all of the noise, we 
finally have a revised area in trade that has needed to be addressed 
with things like intellectual property, which is a new chapter in what 
is now called the USMCA or what people call NAFTA 2.0. This simple 
change is not so simple when trying to deal with intellectual property 
theft, whether it be a camcorder recording in a movie theater somewhere 
in Mexico, whether they sell pirated copies, which has been an issue, 
or whether it is just the ownership of patents and how things actually 
move from place to place. Can you confiscate property that is illegally 
produced at each border crossing, and how is that managed? That is 
addressed for the first time in this agreement--trying to protect 
American patent owners from not having their patents stolen once they 
leave and go to Canada or Mexico.
  Twenty-five years ago, digital trade was not a major issue in NAFTA. 
Obviously, it is a very significant issue for

[[Page S118]]

us now, and it is finally addressed in this agreement, as well as how 
we are going to handle digital services and digital trade.
  There is something very important to my State, and that is 
agricultural trade and how agricultural goods are going to move. Now, 
the vast majority of this USMCA agreement lines up exactly with the 
NAFTA of the past, but there are some areas that were problems in the 
NAFTA of the past that had to be addressed, one of those being wheat, 
for instance.
  When wheat moved from the United States into Canada, Canada 
downgraded that wheat to a lower grade so that our Oklahoma farmers 
would get less profit for that because they downgraded that wheat as it 
moved across the Canadian border. This agreement settles that issue. 
That was just Canadian protectionism. It wasn't that the wheat was of a 
lesser quality; it was just that they were trying to protect Canadian 
wheat instead of having an actual free market.
  This is a free trade area. The tariffs and the fees go away across 
North America if we can have a level playing field. In areas in which 
we don't have a level playing field, like with Oklahoma wheat competing 
with Canada's wheat, we are taking that on. I feel confident that 
Oklahoma wheat is going to win that fight, and given this new trade 
agreement, we get the opportunity to win that.
  There are lots of areas in the agreement that help us in agriculture. 
There are areas in digital trade and intellectual property, as well as 
in multiple other areas of manufacturing. That is why so many groups 
and so many individuals have looked at this and have gone back to the 
Trump administration, with some of my Democratic colleagues 
begrudgingly swallowing hard and saying: This is a good agreement for 
America in the future. This does help us keep jobs here. This helps us 
continue to have a level playing field for trade.
  I congratulate the Trump administration for its 2\1/2\ long years of 
very hard work to get to this agreement. I am grateful that we are 
nearing an agreement with China, a phase No. 1 agreement. It is much 
needed because China has been a major problem in intellectual property 
theft and in its having an unfair trading platform. I am grateful the 
administration has also completed the first stage of a major, new trade 
agreement with Japan. Those are our four largest trading partners, and 
it is significant to our economy not just in the short term but in the 
long term that we continue to have stable free trade areas in as many 
places as we can.
  I am confident in the American worker. When given the opportunity to 
compete, we win because of the quality of our work, the quantity of our 
work, and the creativity of the inventions we put out from this 
country. Let's keep doing that. Let's keep winning around the world in 
our trade agreements.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Alaska.


                    Tribute to Doug and April Moore

  Mr. SULLIVAN. Mr. President, it is the end of the week here, a 
Thursday at least, on the Senate floor, and it is that time of the week 
that I usually come down and talk about somebody who is making my State 
such a great place to live in, somebody who is doing great things for 
their community, somebody I refer to as a group or individuals as our 
Alaskan of the Week.
  So this is kind of exciting. The pages usually see this as the most 
exciting speech of the week because they learn about Alaska.
  This is our first Alaskan of the Week of the year. I am sure the 
Presiding Officer is even excited about that. It is actually the first 
one of the whole decade, so stand by.
  Now, usually I give these speeches and talk a little bit and update 
about what is going on in Alaska.
  I just spent a glorious holiday, New Year's, Christmas in Anchorage 
and Fairbanks over the last couple weeks.
  We passed the winter solstice. That is the shortest day of the year. 
Now, it might not feel like that in Alaska, but actually the days are 
getting longer, getting more sunlight, but the cold has hit, winter has 
come.
  In Anchorage, our largest city, my hometown, temperatures just last 
weekend when I was home were dropping into the 15-below-zero range. In 
the interior of Alaska--that is a little more north--it hit 65 below 
zero in Manley Hot Springs on December 27. That rivals the winter 
temperature on Mars. OK? It is cold.
  I was in Fairbanks. That is part of the interior, beautiful 
Fairbanks, where it has been close to 40 below the last couple weeks. I 
went out and took a run. I am not sure I realized it was that cold. It 
was only about 20 below on my run. It was kind of cold, but it was 
still a nice run. We have a lot of folks who get out and enjoy the 
beautiful winter, beautiful temperatures.
  I mentioned in the interior--the elementary school in Nenana recently 
posted that they were going to cancel school if it hit 55 below zero.
  So these are tough people, especially having just witnessed 
Washington, DC, close the whole darn city because they had a half inch 
of snow, but I am digressing here.
  We live in extremes in Alaska, but, for many of us, that is exactly 
why we live in Alaska. Toughing out these extreme temperatures together 
certainly makes us closer, brings communities together, makes people 
rely on each other. We are a huge State geographically, but a small, 
tight-knit State in terms of population, and we get through things like 
these tough winters, really cold winters, by gathering together in 
small and large places all across the State, places of warmth, 
particularly when it is cold outside.
  So today I would like to recognize an Alaskan couple who has provided 
one of those places of warmth for the community of Talkeetna and the 
surrounding areas. Talkeetna is about 100 miles north of Anchorage. It 
is a must-visit stop when you come to Alaska. Why? Well, it is 
absolutely beautiful. It is the gateway to Denali National Park, and if 
you would like to take a flightseeing tour of Denali, it almost 
certainly is going to take off in Talkeetna.
  So I encourage everybody who is watching here in the Gallery or on 
TV, you have to come to Alaska. You have to visit--winter, summer, 
fall, spring, it doesn't matter. You will have the best trip of a 
lifetime. Go to Talkeetna.
  It is also a unique town in many ways--Alaska unique. It was the 
model for the TV show, many years ago, ``Northern Exposure.'' Its 
honorary member for 10 years was a cat named Stubbs. So you get the 
picture. It is a town filled with generous and warm people who love 
their State, their communities, their country.
  Our Alaskans of the Week today are Doug and April Moore. They are the 
owners of an iconic store in Talkeetna, Moores' Hardware and Building 
Supply. It is a hardware store with a heart and a place for the 
community to gather, particularly in the winter, and it is a place that 
the Moores run to reflect the value of families and communities that 
they hold so dear.
  So let me tell you a little bit about the Moores. Doug's parents and 
his brother moved from Anchorage to Talkeetna in 1981, when Doug was a 
preteen and his parents wanted to live in a smaller community, smaller 
than Anchorage, and they wanted to own their own business. So they 
chose a tool store housed in a Quonset hut. Like many small business 
owners all across Alaska, all across America, they got to work--hard 
work, long hours, but that is what they did.
  The younger Moores worked at the store when they were growing up, but 
Doug chose to be a surveyor when he was in college, and eventually he 
ran into April, his wife, at a restaurant in Talkeetna. Because it is a 
small town, they knew each other. They had grown up just a quarter mile 
apart, but things clicked at that restaurant.
  After they got married, Doug and April decided they wanted to run the 
family business, the hardware store, and they wanted it to stay in the 
family.
  Fast forward to now. If you live in Talkeetna, and you want to build 
a house, you want to make repairs, you need a hammer, a nail, or just 
for a cup of coffee, their store is more than 10,000 square feet, with 
a staff of about 20, with more in the summer. The staff loves the 
place. They love the Moores because they are great people, great 
owners, dedicated owners.
  Here is how one employee describes working for them:

       You will never find anyone like them anywhere.

  Another said:


[[Page S119]]


  

       They are amazing people, what they do to us personally--
     they take care of us. They make sure we are taken care of. If 
     we have family issues, they understand and do everything they 
     can to help.

  Doug recently said:

       We're a family-oriented business. The families of the 
     people who work for us are very important. The kids of our 
     employees have grown up in the business.

  Both of their parents have been together for 50 years, and Doug and 
April have been together 25. These are really important milestones, 
really important examples.
  As Doug said, ``We really believe that's one of the big problems with 
America right now--families not staying together. We live our values.''
  The Moores are also heavily involved in the community. April was a 
Girl Scout leader and a PTA member. Doug was the president of the 
community council, a volunteer emergency medical technician, a 
volunteer firefighter. They help on Thanksgiving with the food bank, as 
well as the local gun club and firing range. They give where they can. 
They give back to the community. They are integrated in the community.
  Last summer, a series of wildfires ravaged through Southcentral 
Alaska. The most destructive of these fires was the 3,700-acre McKinley 
fire. It destroyed 51 homes, 3 businesses, and 84 outbuildings. Thank 
God, nobody in Alaska was killed.
  As one of the largest hardware stores servicing that region where 
that fire was, Moores' Hardware and Building Supply stepped up, 
donating time, equipment, and giving to people who needed help, people 
who needed to rebuild.
  We often talk about how small businesses are the backbone of our 
country's economy, but here is the thing. They are also the backbone of 
our communities.
  In small towns throughout America or throughout Alaska, businesses 
are not just places for people to go and shop for things. They can also 
be places where people get together, where people give to one another.
  In fact, they are often the glue that holds communities together. 
This is what Moores' Hardware and Building Supply is. I have had the 
honor of going there, shopping there, seeing this great store and 
community in action.
  Now, one of the Moores' sons, Justin, is in training to take over the 
store when Doug and April finally retire. It will then be an official 
third-generation small business in the great State of Alaska. What a 
great accomplishment that will be.
  Justin is committed, just like Doug and April, to their employees and 
their communities. So I want to thank the Moores. In fact, I want to 
thank all small business owners across Alaska and across the country 
for your hard work.
  Doug and April, thank you not just for that hard work but for all you 
are doing for the community of Talkeetna and the surrounding areas and 
for the great State of Alaska.
  Congratulations on being our first Alaskan of the Week of 2020.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Alaska.

                          ____________________