[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3199 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
<DOC>
117th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 3199
To promote peace and democracy in Ethiopia, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
November 4, 2021
Mr. Menendez (for himself, Mr. Risch, and Mr. Coons) introduced the
following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on
Foreign Relations
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To promote peace and democracy in Ethiopia, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Ethiopia Peace and Democracy
Promotion Act of 2021''.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term
``appropriate congressional committees'' means the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign
Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary
of State.
SEC. 3. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The United States and the Federal Democratic Republic
of Ethiopia share an important relationship and more than a
century of diplomatic relations.
(2) Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Africa
and plays a key role in advancing security and stability across
sub-Saharan Africa, including as a top contributor of uniformed
personnel to United Nations peacekeeping missions and as host
country to the African Union.
(3) Amid proliferating popular protests in 2018, against
decades of authoritarian rule, Ethiopia's governing Ethiopian
People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) selected Abiy
Ahmed as Prime Minister, who upon taking office embarked on a
program of political and economic reform that was soon
encumbered by widespread inter-communal conflict, political
assassinations, and democratic backsliding.
(4) Tensions between Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and the
leadership of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), who,
until 2019, were EPRDF coalition partners, deteriorated
significantly throughout 2019-2020, with the EPRDF's
transformation into the Prosperity Party (PP), the Federal
Government of Ethiopia's postponement of the 2020 elections,
and the TPLF's decision to hold elections in Tigray Regional
State of Ethiopia despite Federal objections, all serving as
major catalysts.
(5) In the early hours of November 4, 2020, Prime Minister
Abiy ordered a military offensive in response to an attack by
the TPLF on the Northern Command of the Ethiopian National
Defense Forces (ENDF), which TPLF officials have asserted was
an act of self-defense in the face of an imminent invasion by
Federal forces.
(6) Throughout November 2020, hostilities between the ENDF
and forces loyal to the TPLF evolved into a large-scale armed
conflict that also involved the Eritrean Defense Forces (EDF)
and Amhara regional forces and militia fighting in support of
the Federal Government.
(7) Despite repeated calls from the United States and its
international partners for a full and verifiable Eritrean
withdrawal from Ethiopia, which date back to November 2020,
Eritrean forces remain in Ethiopia.
(8) Fighting between TPLF aligned forces and the ENDF and
its allies persists in parts of Tigray, and has spread to
Amhara and Afar, and is estimated to have resulted in the
deaths of tens of thousands of individuals, prompted more than
61,000 Ethiopians to seek refuge in Sudan, and internally
displaced over 2,000,000.
(9) The war has disrupted harvests, livelihoods, markets,
and banking, and critical public infrastructure was
systematically looted and destroyed during the course of the
conflict, including health centers and schools, with the
majority of the reports implicating the ENDF, the EDF, and
allied militia. Supply chains and food were allegedly looted by
ENDF, EDF, and allied militia, which collectively contributed
to conditions that have resulted in 400,000-900,000 Ethiopians
living in famine-like conditions and a further 1,800,000 close
to that threshold, according to an analysis issued in June
2021.
(10) Interruptions in electricity, internet, and telephone
services imposed by the Federal Government of Ethiopia continue
to hamper humanitarian relief efforts and enable impunity from
armed actors on all sides of the conflict by restricting the
flow of information about human rights and humanitarian
conditions in the region.
(11) Despite repeated assurances from the Federal
Government of Ethiopia that it would allow unfettered
humanitarian access to Tigray, it continues to impose wide-
ranging bureaucratic obstacles that impede the relief efforts
of international humanitarian organizations, and encourage and
deploy hostile rhetoric toward international humanitarian
organizations that endanger the safety and security of their
staff on the ground.
(12) Twenty-three aid workers have been killed in the
course of the conflict in northern Ethiopia, including an aid
worker employed by a United States Agency for International
Development implementing partner, who was reportedly executed
by Ethiopian and Eritrean forces in May 2021, and 3 Doctors
Without Borders employees in June 2021, by unknown armed
actors.
(13) Parties to the conflict in northern Ethiopia have been
accused of extra-judicial killings, rape, and ethnic cleansing
that may amount to war crimes, crimes against humanity, and
genocide.
(14) Two Eritrean refugee camps in Tigray, Shimelba and
Hitsats, were attacked and destroyed by armed actors in
November 2020 through January 2021, and refugees subjected to
killings, abductions, and forced returns.
(15) As of October 31, 2021, total United States Government
humanitarian assistance in fiscal years 2020 and 2021 for the
northern Ethiopia crisis response totaled $617,387,662, making
it the single largest donor of humanitarian aid to the
humanitarian crisis in northern Ethiopia since the conflict
began.
(16) In July 2021, TPLF aligned forces launched military
operations into some occupied portions neighboring Amhara and
Afar regions, displacing hundreds of thousands of Amhara and
Afar civilians, and giving rise to allegations of serious
abuses by Tigrayan forces against civilians in those two
regions, as well as against Eritrean refugees residing in the
Mai Aini and Adi Harush camps.
(17) The TPLF's July 2021 offensive was followed by reports
of escalating abuses against Tigrayan civilians in various
parts of Ethiopia and the alleged killing of Tigrayans in
Humera, all of which occur within a context of incendiary and
ethnicized public statements from Ethiopian officials and media
platforms.
(18) The Federal Government of Ethiopia responded to TPLF
offensives in July through August 2021 by pursuing mass
military mobilization, including the mobilization of regional
special forces and ethnic militia from various parts of the
country, in an effort to thwart and roll back TPLF operations.
(19) In August 2021, officials from the TPLF and Oromo
Liberation Army (OLA), a rebel group engaged in armed struggle
primarily in the Oromia region, publicly confirmed they had
entered an alliance designed to coordinate their military
operations against the Federal Government of Ethiopia,
developments which occurred against the backdrop of TPLF
advances in Amhara region and increased OLA activity in Oromia.
(20) In September 2021, the Federal Government of Ethiopia
announced it was expelling seven senior United Nations
officials, and in October 2021 commenced an air offensive on
the Tigrayan capital, Mekele, which has further exacerbated the
inability of international aid organizations to deliver food.
(21) In October, state-owned Ethiopia Television reported
that Prime Minister Abiy stated that, ``[i]f we make sure that
this thing called wheat [food aid] does not enter Ethiopia, 70
per cent of Ethiopia's problems will be solved,'' implying that
he may stop the delivery of international food aid altogether.
(22) In October 2021, a United Nations Humanitarian Air
Services flight that had been cleared by Federal authorities to
land in Mekelle to deliver food aid was forced to abort landing
due to air raids, threatening the lives of 11 United Nations
and non-governmental staff on board.
(23) In the wake of military advances by the Tigray Defense
Forces in late October 2021, Prime Minister Abiy urged citizens
to take up arms to defend themselves, and on November 2, 2021,
Ethiopia declared a 6-month state of emergency.
(24) On November 3, 2021, the Office of the High
Commissioner for Human Rights released the Joint Investigation
into Alleged Violations of International Human Rights,
Humanitarian and Refugee Law Committed by all Parties to the
Conflict in the Tigray Region of the Federal Democratic
Republic of Ethiopia, which found that ``attacks on civilians
and civilian objects, as well as indiscriminate attacks by
ENDF, EDF, and TSF Tigray Special Forces] in violation of
international humanitarian law . . . may amount to war
crimes,'' and that ``these groups and affiliated militia
committed acts in violation of international human rights law
and international humanitarian law''.
(25) The escalating conflict between the Federal Government
of Ethiopia and its allies and the TPLF and OLA occurs in the
context of a broader deterioration of political conditions
across the country, including persistent inter-communal
violence, expanding repression against journalists, opposition
parties, and dissident voices, and highly contentious national
elections conducted in June to July 2021 that did not meet
internationally accepted standards.
(26) Ethiopia's crisis is nested within a complex regional
environment, the most important dimensions of which are three-
way tensions between Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan over the Grand
Ethiopian Renaissance Dam border tensions between Sudan and
Ethiopia over Al Fashaga, Eritrea's muscular regional
engagement, and increasing geopolitical competition in the Horn
of Africa that involves the Gulf, Turkey, Iran, Russia, and the
People's Republic of China.
(27) Working in conjunction with its international
partners, the United States has consistently called for a
political solution to the crisis, unfettered humanitarian
access, an end to human rights violations, full accountability
for all atrocities committed during the course of hostilities,
and a broader all-inclusive national dialogue, and has taken a
number of actions to encourage and incentivize a peaceful
resolution to the conflict in Ethiopia, including reductions in
development and security assistance, visa sanctions, and high-
level diplomatic engagement.
(28) On September 17, 2021, President Joseph R. Biden
signed Executive Order No. 14046 ``Imposing Sanctions on
Certain Persons With Respect to the Humanitarian and Human
Rights Crisis in Ethiopia,'' which authorizes the United States
to target parties responsible for or complicit in actions or
policies that prolong the conflict in northern Ethiopia, and
those that commit human rights abuses, or obstruct humanitarian
access and a ceasefire with respect to the conflict.
(29) The Federal Government of Ethiopia has rejected all
offers to facilitate a diplomatic solution to the conflict,
including those extended by African Union Chairman Cyril
Ramaphosa in November 2020, and Intergovernmental Authorities
on Development (IGAD) Chairman Abdalla Hamdok in August 2021,
to mediate talks with the TPLF.
SEC. 4. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
It is the policy of the United States to support a peaceful,
democratic unified Ethiopia, and to use all diplomatic, development,
and legal tools to support an end to the conflict that began in
northern Ethiopia, an end to violence throughout Ethiopia, the
promotion of an all-inclusive national dialogue, and the advancement of
the human, civil, and political rights of all Ethiopians.
SEC. 5. SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN ETHIOPIA.
(a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the
Administrator of the United States Agency for International
Development, shall develop and implement a strategy for supporting
democracy and human rights in Ethiopia that includes a description and
justification of--
(1) plans to support civil society efforts related to
expanding citizen participation and political space;
(2) plans to support all-inclusive national dialogue in
Ethiopia;
(3) plans to support justice and accountability mechanisms
for abuses and atrocities committed in the course of the
conflict;
(4) plans to combat hate speech and disinformation in
Ethiopia;
(5) current and planned democracy and governance support to
government institutions in Ethiopia; and
(6)(A) results of the most recent impact evaluation of
these activities; and
(B) plans for applying lessons learned from such
evaluations.
(b) Report to Congress.--Not less than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit the strategy
required in subsection (a) to the appropriate congressional committees.
SEC. 6. SUPPORT FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION, MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT, AND
RECONCILIATION.
(a) Conflict Resolution.--The President is authorized to provide
financial, technical, and diplomatic support for--
(1) efforts by the African Union or other credible entities
engaged in efforts to help bring about a peaceful resolution to
the conflict in northern Ethiopia; and
(2) efforts by civil society, especially those from
marginalized communities, women, and youth, to participate and
engage in peacebuilding, mediation, and community
reconciliation.
(b) Conflict Mitigation and Reconciliation.--The Administrator of
the United States Agency for International Development shall develop
and implement a strategy, coordinated with the Secretary as relevant,
to support conflict mitigation and management, and reconciliation and
trauma healing for conflict affected groups in Ethiopia that includes--
(1) an analysis of the drivers of conflict in Ethiopia;
(2) a comprehensive plan to mitigate and manage conflict;
(3) an emphasis on community-led grass roots
reconciliation;
(4) specific steps the Agency will take to ensure the
participation of traditionally marginalized communities and
ethnic groups, women, and youth;
(5) plans to ensure that all assistance programs that are
directly aimed at benefitting the Ethiopian people or building
the capacity of civil society to incorporate, to the extent
practicable, community-based conflict mitigation and
management, violence prevention, peacebuilding interventions,
reconciliation activities, psychosocial support, and trauma
healing;
(6) a clear statement of--
(A) the goals and expected outcomes of the
strategy; and
(B) the means through which progress towards those
goals will be met including through regular rigorous
evaluations; and
(7) plans for updating and revising the current Country
Development Cooperation Strategy to include elements of the
strategy required under this subsection.
(c) Submission.--The strategy required under subsection (b) shall
be submitted to the appropriate congressional committees not later than
90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 7. ACTIONS IN SUPPORT OF PEACE AND STABILITY IN ETHIOPIA.
(a) Sanctions for Actions Undermining Transition to Democracy.--
(1) In general.--The President shall impose the sanctions
described in paragraph (2) with respect to any foreign person
that the President determines--
(A) undermines efforts with respect to a peaceful
negotiated settlement to end hostilities in northern
Ethiopia;
(B) through business dealings with senior
leadership of the Government of Ethiopia or the
Government of Eritrea, the Tigray People's Liberation
Front, or other parties to the conflict in and around
northern Ethiopia, derives significant financial
benefit or political power from policies or actions,
including electoral fraud, human rights abuses, or
corruption, that contribute to the conflict or impede a
transition to democracy in Ethiopia;
(C) provides to any party involved in hostilities
in Ethiopia--
(i) weapon systems, such as firearms,
unmanned aerial systems, helicopters, munitions
used by such unmanned aerial systems or
helicopters, battle tanks, armored combat
vehicles, or munitions for such tanks and
vehicles, missiles or missile systems; armed
vehicles; or
(ii) support for such systems, such as
ammunition, spare parts, pilots or other
operators; or
(D) knowingly facilitates or finances the sale,
operation, or transfer of weapons to any party involved
in hostilities in Ethiopia.
(2) Sanctions described.--The sanctions to be imposed under
paragraph (1) with respect to a foreign person are the
following:
(A) Property blocking.--The exercise of all powers
granted to the President by the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the
extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions
in all property and interests in property of the
foreign person if such property and interests in
property are in the United States, come within the
United States, or are or come within the possession or
control of a United States person.
(B) Aliens inadmissible for visas, admission, or
parole.--
(i) Visas, admission, or parole.--An alien
described in paragraph (1) is--
(I) inadmissible to the United
States;
(II) ineligible to receive a visa
or other documentation to enter the
United States; and
(III) otherwise ineligible to be
admitted or paroled into the United
States or to receive any other benefit
under the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
(ii) Current visas revoked.--
(I) In general.--The visa or other
entry documentation of an alien
described in paragraph (1) shall be
revoked, regardless of when such visa
or other entry documentation is or was
issued.
(II) Immediate effect.--A
revocation under subclause (I) shall--
(aa) take effect
immediately; and
(bb) automatically cancel
any other valid visa or entry
documentation that is in the
alien's possession.
(3) Exceptions.--
(A) Exception relating to importation of goods.--
(i) In general.--The authority or a
requirement to impose sanctions under this
section shall not include the authority or a
requirement to impose sanctions on the
importation of goods.
(ii) Good defined.--In this subparagraph,
the term ``good'' means any article, natural or
manmade substance, material, supply, or
manufactured product, including inspection and
test equipment, and excluding technical data.
(B) Exception to comply with united nations
headquarters agreement and law enforcement
objectives.--Sanctions under paragraph (2)(B) shall not
apply to an alien if admitting the alien into the
United States--
(i) is necessary to permit the United
States to comply with the Agreement regarding
the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed
at Lake Success on June 26, 1947, and entered
into force November 21, 1947, between the
United Nations and the United States, or other
applicable international obligations of the
United States; or
(ii) would further important law
enforcement objectives.
(4) Implementation; penalties.--
(A) Implementation.--The President may exercise all
authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C.
1702 and 1704) to carry out this subsection.
(B) Penalties relating to property blocking.--A
person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to
violate, or causes a violation of subparagraph (A) of
paragraph (2) or any regulation, license, or order
issued to carry out either such subparagraph shall be
subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b)
and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent
as a person that commits an unlawful act described in
subsection (a) of that section.
(5) Definitions.--In this subsection:
(A) Admission; admitted; alien.--The terms
``admission'', ``admitted'', and ``alien'' have the
meanings given those terms in section 101 of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).
(B) Foreign person.--The term ``foreign person''
means a person that is not a United States person.
(C) Knowingly.--The term ``knowingly'', with
respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means
that a person has actual knowledge, or should have
known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result.
(D) United states person.--The term ``United States
person'' means--
(i) a United States citizen, an alien
lawfully admitted for permanent residence to
the United States, or any other individual
subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States; or
(ii) an entity organized under the laws of
the United States or of any jurisdiction within
the United States, including a foreign branch
of such entity.
(b) Limitations on Export of Defense and Dual-Use Items to Ethiopia
and Eritrea.--
(1) Dual-use items.--A license shall be required under
section 1754(c)(1)(A) of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018
(50 U.S.C. 4813(c)(1)(A)) for the export, reexport, or in-
country transfer to Ethiopia or Eritrea of items described in
clause (ii) of that section.
(2) Defense items.--No license may be issued for the export
to Ethiopia or Eritrea of any item on the United States
Munitions List under section 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export
Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)) on January 1, 2016.
(c) Prohibition and Suspension of Certain Assistance to Ethiopia.--
(1) Support by united states international development
finance corporation.--The United States International
Development Finance Corporation may not provide support under
title II of the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to
Development Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 9621 et seq.) for projects
in Ethiopia.
(2) Termination.--The prohibition under paragraph (1) shall
not apply on or after the date that is 30 days after the
Secretary of State determines and certifies to the appropriate
congressional committees that the Government of Ethiopia and
its proxies and allies have--
(A) ceased all offensive military operations in
northern Ethiopia;
(B) taken steps toward a genuine political dialogue
to achieve an end to the conflict;
(C) implemented measures to better protect human
rights and ensure adherence to international
humanitarian law and international human rights law;
(D) continuously allowed unfettered humanitarian
access; and
(E) cooperated with independent investigations of
credible allegations of war crimes, crimes against
humanity, and other human rights abuses carried out in
the course of hostilities.
(d) Multilateral Sanctions.--The Secretary, in consultation with
the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Commerce, as
appropriate, should engage with members of the United Nations Security
Council, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the European Union,
the African Union, and any other relevant actors to achieve a
coordinated imposition of multilateral sanctions and export controls on
persons described in subsection (a)(1).
SEC. 8. SECURITY ASSISTANCE.
(a) Suspension of Assistance.--All security assistance being
provided to the Government of Ethiopia by the United States Government
shall immediately be suspended until such time as the Secretary reports
to the appropriate congressional committees that hostilities in
northern Ethiopia and related conflicts have ended, and the parties to
the conflict are engaged in good faith efforts to reach a comprehensive
peace agreement.
(b) Report.--Not later than 15 days after the date of the enactment
of this Act, the Secretary shall provide to the appropriate
congressional committees a comprehensive list of all assistance halted
in compliance with subsection (a) as of the date of the enactment of
this Act.
SEC. 9. ASSISTANCE TO THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
OF ETHIOPIA PROVIDED THROUGH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL
INSTITUTIONS.
(a) Restrictions.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the
United States Executive Directors of the international financial
institutions--
(1) to use the voice and vote of the United States in those
institutions to oppose any loan or extension of financial or
technical assistance to the Governments of Ethiopia and
Eritrea; and
(2) to work with other key donor countries to develop a
coordinated policy with respect to lending to the Governments
of Ethiopia and Eritrea aimed at advancing human rights and
promoting peace.
(b) Exception for Humanitarian Purposes.--The restrictions under
paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) shall not apply with respect
to loans or financial or technical assistance provided for humanitarian
purposes, including efforts to prevent, detect, and respond to the
COVID-19 pandemic, or any other infectious disease threat that is
declared by the World Health Organization to be a Public Health
Emergency of International Concern.
(c) Waiver for Projects That Directly Support Basic Human Needs.--
The Secretary of the Treasury may waive the application of the
restriction under subsection (a)(1) only if the Secretary of the
Treasury submits to the appropriate congressional committees a written
determination, arrived at with the concurrence of the Secretary of
State, that the waiver is being exercised to support projects that
directly support basic, life-saving human needs.
(d) Termination.--Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply on or after the
date that is 30 days after the Secretary of State determines and
certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the
Government of Ethiopia and its proxies and allies have--
(1) ceased all offensive military operations in northern
Ethiopia and conflict in surrounding areas of Ethiopia;
(2) taken steps toward a genuine political dialogue to
achieve an end to the conflict;
(3) implemented measures to better protect human rights and
ensure adherence to international humanitarian law and
international human rights law;
(4) continuously allowed unfettered humanitarian access;
and
(5) cooperated with independent investigations of credible
allegations of war crimes, crimes against humanity and other
human rights abuses carried out in the course of hostilities.
(e) Briefing.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act and every 120 days thereafter until the
restrictions in subsection (a)(1) are terminated pursuant to subsection
(d), the Secretary of the Treasury, in conjunction with the Secretary
and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International
Development, or their designees, shall brief the appropriate
congressional committees on the efforts of the United States Executive
Directors of the international financial institutions pursuant to
subsection (a).
SEC. 10. SUPPORT FOR ACCOUNTABILITY.
(a) In General.--The President is authorized to provide financial,
technical, and diplomatic support for efforts to pursue accountability
for war crimes and crimes against humanity, including any preliminary
activities necessary to preserve evidence of crimes in Ethiopia, with
the goal of promoting accountability for war crimes, crimes against
humanity, or other violations of international human rights law and
international humanitarian law that have taken place in the course of
hostilities in northern Ethiopia or other areas of Ethiopia.
(b) Provision of Information.--The President is authorized to share
information possessed by the United States Government with
organizations engaged in a credible investigation meant to lead to the
prosecution of any individual credibly accused of war crimes, crimes
against humanity, or other violations of international human rights law
or international humanitarian law in accordance with this section.
SEC. 11. ARMS-RELATED, FINANCIAL, AND OTHER REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
(a) Report on Certain Activities and Finances of Senior Officials
of the Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea and Armed Opposition
Groups.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of
this Act, and annually thereafter until the date that is 2 years after
the end of hostilities in the Tigray region, the Secretary shall submit
to the appropriate congressional committees a report that--
(1) describes the actions and involvement of any senior
officials of the Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea and any
senior leaders in the party to the conflict in northern
Ethiopia and related conflicts--
(A) facilitating or financing the sale or transfers
of arms or weapons to any party to the hostilities in
Ethiopia, including the Government of Ethiopia, the
Government of Eritrea, opposition groups, militias, or
other armed groups active in the conflict in Ethiopia;
(B) directing, carrying out, or ordering violations
of human rights including the systemic use of rape and
sexual and gender based violence;
(C) directing, carrying out, or ordering the use or
recruitment of children by armed groups or armed
forces; and
(D) directing, carrying out, or ordering
significant acts of corruption;
(2) identifies Ethiopian, Eritrean, and other foreign
financial institutions in which senior officials of the
Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea whose actions are described
in paragraph (1), and senior leaders of parties to the conflict
in northern Ethiopia and related conflicts in the Federal
Democratic Republic of Ethiopia whose actions are described in
paragraph (1), hold significant assets, and provides an
assessment of the value of such assets; and
(3) identifies Ethiopian, Eritrean, and foreign financial
institutions that knowingly facilitate or finance the sale or
transfer of weapons, arms, or non-lethal equipment intended or
altered by a third party for military use to any party to the
hostilities in Ethiopia.
(b) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be
submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.
(c) Report on Progress on Accountability in Ethiopia.--Not later
than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every
180 days thereafter, the Secretary of State shall submit to Congress a
report on progress towards holding individuals in Ethiopia and Eritrea
accountable for human rights violations, war crimes, and crimes against
humanity.
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