[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 4649 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
<DOC>
117th CONGRESS
2d Session
S. 4649
To amend the Global Food Security Act of 2016 to improve the
comprehensive strategic approach for United States foreign assistance
to developing countries to reduce global poverty and hunger, achieve
food and nutrition security, promote inclusive, sustainable,
agricultural-led economic growth, improve nutritional outcomes,
especially for women and children, build resilience among vulnerable
populations, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
July 27, 2022
Mr. Casey (for himself, Mr. Risch, Mr. Boozman, and Mr. Coons)
introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the
Committee on Foreign Relations
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To amend the Global Food Security Act of 2016 to improve the
comprehensive strategic approach for United States foreign assistance
to developing countries to reduce global poverty and hunger, achieve
food and nutrition security, promote inclusive, sustainable,
agricultural-led economic growth, improve nutritional outcomes,
especially for women and children, build resilience among vulnerable
populations, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Global Food Security Reauthorization
Act of 2022''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Section 2 of the Global Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9301)
is amended to read as follows:
``SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
``Congress makes the following findings:
``(1) According to the World Food Programme of the United
Nations, nearly 193,000,000 people faced acute food insecurity
and required urgent assistance in 2021, compared to 108,000,000
people who were in such a situation in 2016.
``(2) According to Food and Agricultural Organization's
Food Price Index, the cost of food in 2022 has risen to the
highest levels on record, representing a 57 percent increase
compared to the cost of food 2016. According to the World Bank,
every 1 percent increase in food prices pushes 10,000,000 more
people into extreme poverty worldwide.
``(3) According to the February 2022 `Worldwide Threat
Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community', `The economic
fallout from COVID-19, combined with conflict and weather
extremes, has driven hunger worldwide to its highest point in
more than a decade, which increases the risk of instability.'.
``(4) On March 10, 2022, the Office of the Director of
National Intelligence declared that `as a consequence [of the
war in Ukraine], we perceive that there is an increasing [food
insecurity] challenge. . . particularly with developing
countries.'.
``(5) Realizing that increased food production addresses
one aspect, but not all aspects, of food and nutrition
security, a comprehensive, multisectoral approach to
sustainable food and nutrition security must consider
agriculture and food systems in their totality.
``(6) Such an approach to sustainable food and nutrition
security should not only respond to emergency food shortages,
but should also address--
``(A) chronic malnutrition, including stunting and
wasting;
``(B) resilience to food and nutrition insecurity;
``(C) strengthening the capacity of poor, rural
populations to improve their agricultural productivity
and incomes;
``(D) removing institutional impediments to
agricultural development;
``(E) value chain access and efficiency, including
processing and storage;
``(F) enhancing agribusiness development;
``(G) access to markets and activities that address
the specific needs and barriers facing women, youth,
and small-scale producers;
``(H) climate adaptation;
``(I) education; and
``(J) collaborative research and innovation.''.
SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY OBJECTIVES; SENSE OF CONGRESS.
Section 3(a) of the Global Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C.
9302(a)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and economic freedom
through the coordination'' and inserting ``, economic freedom,
and security through the phasing, sequencing, and
coordination'';
(2) by striking paragraphs (3) and (4) and inserting the
following:
``(3) increase the productivity, incomes, and livelihoods
of small-scale producers and artisanal fishing communities,
especially women, by working across agriculture and food
systems, enhancing local capacity to manage agricultural
resources and food systems effectively, and expanding producer
access to, and participation in, local, regional, and
international markets;
``(4) build resilience to agriculture and food systems
shocks and stresses, including global food catastrophes in
which conventional methods of agriculture are unable to provide
sufficient food and nutrition to sustain the global population,
among vulnerable populations and households through inclusive
growth, while reducing reliance upon emergency food and
economic assistance;'';
(3) in paragraph (5) by inserting ``, local savings groups,
and investment in agricultural research'' after ``property
rights'';
(4) by amending paragraph (6) to read as follows:
``(6) improve the nutritional status of women, adolescent
girls, and children, with a focus on reducing child stunting
and incidence of wasting, including through the promotion of
highly nutritious foods, diet diversification, large-scale food
fortification, and nutritional behaviors that improve maternal
and child health;''; and
(5) in paragraph (7), by inserting ``fragility,
resilience,'' after ``national security,''.
SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.
Section 4 of the Global Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9303)
is amended--
(1) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``, including in
response to shocks and stresses to food security'' before the
period at the end;
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (12) as
paragraphs (5) through (13), respectively;
(3) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
``(4) Food system.--The term `food system' means the intact
or whole unit made up of interrelated components of people,
behaviors, relationships, and material goods that interact in
the production, processing, packaging, transporting, trade,
marketing, consumption, and use of food, feed, and fiber
through aquaculture, farming, wild fisheries, forestry, and
pastoralism that operates within and is influenced by social,
political, economic, and environmental contexts.'';
(4) in paragraph (6)(H), as redesignated--
(A) by inserting ``local'' before ``agricultural'';
and
(B) by inserting ``youth,'' after ``small-scale
producers,'';
(5) in paragraph (8), as redesignated, by inserting ``the
Inter-American Foundation,'' after ``Geological Survey,'';
(6) in paragraph (9), as redesignated--
(A) by inserting ``agriculture and food'' before
``systems''; and
(B) by inserting ``, including global food
catastrophes,'' after ``food security'';
(7) in paragraph (10), as redesignated, by striking
``fishers'' and inserting ``artisanal fishing communities'';
(8) in paragraph (13), as redesignated, by striking
``agriculture and nutrition security'' and inserting ``food and
nutrition security and agriculture-led economic growth''; and
(9) by inserting after paragraph (13), as redesignated, the
following:
``(14) Wasting.--The term `wasting' means--
``(A) a life-threatening condition attributable to
poor nutrient intake or disease that is characterized
by a rapid deterioration in nutritional status over a
short period of time; and
``(B) in the case of children, is characterized by
low weight-for-height and weakened immunity, increasing
their risk of death due to greater frequency and
severity of common infection, particularly when
severe.''.
SEC. 5. COMPREHENSIVE GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY STRATEGY.
(a) Strategy.--Section 5(a) of the Global Food Security Act of 2016
(22 U.S.C. 9304(a)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (4), by striking ``country-owned
agriculture, nutrition, and food security policy'' and
inserting ``partner country-led agriculture, nutrition,
regulatory, food security, and water resources management
policy''; and
(2) by amending paragraph (5) to read as follows:
``(5) support the locally led and inclusive development of
agriculture and food systems, with small-scale producers,
especially women, gaining greater access to the inputs, skills,
resource management capacity, networking, bargaining power,
financing, market linkages, technology, and information needed
to sustainably increase productivity and incomes to reduce
extreme poverty and malnutrition, and promote long-term
economic prosperity;'';
(3) in paragraph (6)--
(A) by inserting ``, adolescent girls,'' after
``women''; and
(B) by inserting ``and preventing incidence of
wasting'' after ``reducing child stunting'';
(4) in paragraph (7), by inserting ``poor water resource
management and'' after ``including'';
(5) in paragraph (8)--
(A) by striking ``the long term success of
programs'' and inserting ``long-term impact''; and
(B) by inserting ``, including agricultural
research capacity,'' after ``institutions'';
(6) in paragraph (9)--
(A) by striking ``and nutrition strategies'' and
inserting ``, nutrition strategies, and effective
natural resource management approaches''; and
(B) by inserting ``adapt,'' before ``build safety
nets'';
(7) by redesignating paragraphs (12) through (17) as
paragraphs (13) through (18), respectively;
(8) by striking paragraphs (10) and (11) and inserting the
following:
``(10) develop community and producer resilience to
disasters and emergencies, including droughts, flooding, pests,
and diseases, that adversely impact agricultural yield and
livelihoods;
``(11) utilize evidenced-based best practices, including
scientific and forecasting data, and improved planning and
coordination by, with, and among key partners and relevant
Federal departments and agencies to identify, analyze, measure,
and mitigate risks, and strengthen resilience capacities;
``(12) harness science, technology, and innovation,
including the research and extension activities supported by
the private sector, relevant Federal departments and agencies,
Feed the Future Innovation Labs or any successor entities, and
international and local researchers and innovators, recognizing
that significant investments in research and technological
advances will be necessary to reduce global poverty, hunger,
and malnutrition;'';
(9) in paragraph (14), as redesignated, by inserting
``nongovernmental organizations, including'' after ``civil
society,''
(10) in paragraph (17), as redesignated, by striking
``and'' at the end;
(11) in paragraph (18), as redesignated, by striking the
period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
(12) by adding at the end the following:
``(19) be periodically updated in a manner that reflects
learning and best practices.''.
(b) Periodic Updates.--Section 5 of the Global Food Security Act of
2016 (22 U.S.C. 9304), as amended by subsection (a), is further amended
by adding at the end the following:
``(d) Periodic Updates.--Not less frequently than quinquennially
through fiscal year 2031, the President, in consultation with the head
of each relevant Federal department and agency, shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees updates to the Global Food
Security Strategy required under subsection (a) and the agency-specific
plans described in subsection (c)(2).''.
SEC. 6. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS TO IMPLEMENT THE GLOBAL FOOD
SECURITY STRATEGY.
Section 6(b) of the Global Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C.
9305(b)) is amended by--
(1) striking ``$1,000,600,000 for each of fiscal years 2017
through 2023'' and inserting ``$1,230,000,000 for each of the
fiscal years 2024 through 2028''; and
(2) by inserting ``, which should be prioritized for
programs and activities in target countries'' before the period
at the end.
SEC. 7. EMERGENCY FOOD SECURITY PROGRAM.
(a) Sense of Congress.--Section 7(a) of the Global Food Security
Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9306(a)) is amended to read as follows:
``(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
``(1) after more than a decade of conflict in Syria and the
onset of other major humanitarian emergencies where the
provision of certain United States humanitarian assistance has
been particularly challenging, including the 2021 crisis in
Northern Ethiopia, the 2021 super-typhoon in the Philippines,
the 2021 earthquake in Haiti, the 2018 Ebola outbreak in the
Democratic Republic of Congo, the ongoing humanitarian
disasters in Yemen and South Sudan, and primary and secondary
threats from the global COVID-19 pandemic, United States
international disaster assistance has become severely stressed;
``(2) Russia's unjustifiable invasion of Ukraine has
exacerbated existing food insecurity crises around the world,
most notably in Ethiopia, South Sudan, Yemen, Afghanistan, and
Somalia, where more than 750,000 people are at risk for famine,
starvation, and death;
``(3) the Russian invasion follows growing global rates of
conflict, the COVID-19 pandemic, and increasingly severe
climate shocks; and
``(4) the United Stated must continue to enable people who
are in crisis to lift themselves out of hunger and poverty.''.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 492(a) of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2292a(a)) is amended by striking
``$2,794,184,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2023, of which
up to $1,257,382,000'' and inserting ``$3,905,460,000 for each of the
fiscal years 2024 through 2028, of which up to $1,757,457,000''.
SEC. 8. REPORTS.
Section 8(a) of the Global Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C.
9307(a)) is amended--
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
(A) by striking ``During each of the first 7 years
after the date of the submission of the strategy
required under section 5(c)'' and inserting ``For each
of the fiscal years 2024 through 2028'';
(B) by striking ``reports that describe'' and
inserting ``a report that describes''; and
(C) by striking ``at the end of the reporting
period'' and inserting ``during the preceding year'';
(2) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``, including any
changes to the target countries selected pursuant to the
selection criteria described in section 5(a)(2) and
justifications for any such changes'' before the semicolon at
the end;
(3) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``identify and'' before
``describe'';
(4) by redesignating paragraphs (12) through (14) as
paragraphs (15) through (17), respectively;
(5) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (11) as
paragraphs (7) through (13), respectively;
(6) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
``(4) identify and describe the priority quantitative
metrics used to establish baselines and performance targets at
the initiative, account, country, and zone of influence levels;
``(5) identify such established baselines and performance
targets at the account, country, and zone of influence levels;
``(6) identify the output and outcome benchmarks and
indicators used to measure results annually, and report the
annual measurement of results for each of the priority metrics
identified pursuant to paragraph (4), broken down by age,
gender, and disability, to the extent practicable and
appropriate, in an open and transparent manner that is
accessible to the American people;'';
(7) in paragraph (7), as redesignated, by striking
``agriculture'' and inserting ``food'';
(8) in paragraph (8), as redesignated--
(A) by inserting ``quantitative and qualitative''
after ``how''; and
(B) by inserting ``at the initiative, account,
country, and zone of influence levels, including
longitudinal data and key uncertainties'' before the
semicolon at the end;
(9) in paragraph (9), as redesignated, by inserting
``within target countries, amounts and justification for any
spending outside of target countries'' after ``amounts spent'';
(10) in paragraph (13), as redesignated--
(A) by striking ``and the impact of private sector
investment'' and inserting ``and efforts to encourage
financial donor burden sharing and the impact of such
investment and efforts'';
(11) by inserting after paragraph (13), as redesignated,
the following:
``(14) describe how agriculture research is prioritized
within the Global Food Security Strategy to support
sustainable, agriculture-led growth and eventual self-
sufficiency and assess efforts to coordinate research programs
within the Global Food Security Strategy with key
stakeholders;'';
(12) in paragraph (16), as redesignated, by striking
``and'' at the end;
(13) in paragraph (17), as redesignated--
(A) by inserting ``, including key missteps,''
after ``lessons learned''; and
(B) by striking the period at the end and inserting
``; and''; and
(14) by adding at the end the following:
``(18) during the final year of each strategy required
under section 5, complete country graduation reports to
determine whether a country should remain a target country
based on quantitative and qualitative analysis.''.
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