[Pages S3228-S3231]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

Unanimous Consent Requests--Executive Calendar

Mr. SCHATZ. Mr. President, I rise today in support of the nominations
of Dr. Lester Martinez-Lopez to be the Assistant Secretary of Defense
for Health Affairs, Dr. Agnes Schaefer to be Assistant Secretary of the
Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, and Mr. Franklin Parker to hold
the same position within the Navy.
The office Dr. Martinez-Lopez is nominated for is responsible for
ensuring that we are medically ready to fight and win wars. This is a
critical role for our national security at all times, but, of course,
it is even more important during a pandemic.
Leaving this office without leadership jeopardizes our ability to
respond to this health crisis and prepare for the next one. Having
spent more than two decades as an Army surgeon and commander of medical
centers at major U.S. military bases both stateside and overseas, and
more than a decade as a leader of private medical research
organizations, Dr. Martinez-Lopez clearly has the experience to fill
this position.
The Assistant Secretaries for Manpower and Reserve Affairs across the
branches ensure our military and civilian workforce have the education,
the training, and the skills needed to meet current and future threats.
Mr. Parker, who is nominated to head this office for the Navy, has
demonstrated his ability to fill the role and will be able to hit the
ground running, having held the position before.
Dr. Schaefer, nominated to head this office for the Army, will bring
firsthand knowledge from her 15 years at the RAND Corporation, where
she specialized in military personnel policy, reserve component issues,
national security strategy, and emerging threats.
All three of these positions play important roles in our national
security. All three nominees to fill them were voted out of committee--
a committee on which the Senator from Missouri serves--without
objection--without objection--4 months ago. But all three remain
vacant.

[[Page S3229]]

The Senator from Missouri, as someone who serves on the Personnel
Subcommittee of the Armed Services Committee, I know would know better
than most the issues our military branches and the troops face. These
include recruitment and retention challenges, ensuring safe workplaces,
including implementing IRC reforms to prevent and respond to sexual
assault and sexual harassment within the ranks, and addressing the high
suicide rate among troops and veterans--all issues which impact
military readiness. But there is a hold on all DOD nominees.
I am unaware of any substantive objections to these nominees based on
their qualifications or their ability to serve, reasons which we have a
constitutional duty to review based on our advice and consent role.
My understanding is that the Senator from Missouri is implementing a
blanket hold based on general policy disagreements with the Biden
administration. In addition to our advice and consent role, the Senate
has oversight responsibilities, and that is a place where the Senator
from Missouri, as a member of the Personnel Committee of the Armed
Services Committee, has the responsibility of oversight of the three
offices that we are discussing today. He has a way to ensure that once
these three nominees are confirmed, he and his colleagues can evaluate
their performance. With acting, nonconfirmed officials in these roles,
that oversight authority is undermined.
As a Senator, we are afforded extraordinary powers to advance
policies or even just to make a point, but these powers should be used
in accordance with our constitutional responsibilities. The President
of the United States has the responsibility to nominate qualified
individuals to fill these roles, and he has. These individuals are
qualified, and now we have the responsibility to confirm them so that
they can get to work for our servicemembers and for the American
people.
I will now yield to my friend and colleague Senator Kaine.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Virginia.
Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, I rise and thank my colleague from Hawaii
for stating plainly the qualifications of these candidates.
As a member of the Armed Services Committee, I have had a chance to
review their qualifications. And as the father of a U.S. marine, I
agree wholeheartedly with the Senator's contention that these three
positions would be very important to fill at a time when the United
States has so many security challenges.
Anticipating a productive dialogue with my colleague from Missouri, I
would like to ask unanimous consent that the Senate consider the
following nominations en bloc: Calendar Nos. 779, 780, 781; that the
Senate vote on the nominations en bloc without intervening action or
debate; that the motions to reconsider be considered made and laid upon
the table; that any statements related to the nominations be printed in
the Record; and that the President be immediately notified of the
Senate's action.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there an objection?
Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. President.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Missouri.
Mr. HAWLEY. I object.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The objection is heard.
Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. President.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Missouri.
Mr. HAWLEY. I would like to say a word, if I could, about the nature
of my objection.
It has been now almost a year since the attack at Abbey Gate in Kabul
in Afghanistan, almost a year since we lost 13 American servicemembers
in that tragic attack, almost a year since hundreds of American
civilians were left behind enemy lines, abandoned by this
administration to fend for themselves against our enemies. And that
attack claimed the lives, among the 13, of CPL Jared Schmitz, from
Wentzville, MO.
I was thinking of Corporal Schmitz again just the other day when I
was driving past the bridge in Wentzville that will soon be named for
him. I am glad that Corporal Schmitz is getting some of the honor that
he deserves, but let's be honest. As his father said to me just hours
after we learned of his death: What would be far better--far better,
indeed--would be for Corporal Schmitz, who is a very young man, to be
with us. He was just at the beginning of his service, just at the
beginning of his life. And while he was proud, I am sure, to give his
life for his country--it is what he volunteered to do--we owe it to
him, I owe it to him, to try and find out why--why--this attack at
Abbey Gate happened. How was it that a civilian evacuation was not
ordered in time? Why was it that this administration ignored repeated
warnings from military commanders on the ground about the dangers that
were mounting in Kabul in Afghanistan? Why was the withdrawal a
debacle?
Now, I want to give central command some credit. They have
commissioned an investigation on this point and issued a report, and I
have some of it here with me. This is just the unclassified portion. It
is 6,000 pages long. I will tell you, having been through all of it
with my team, it is very exhaustive. It took them months to do. They
interviewed commanders on the ground. They interviewed military members
who were there at the time. They interviewed State Department officials
and DOD officials.
Their conclusions that are set out here in this report are truly,
truly stunning. What they found is that military commanders repeatedly
warned the White House--repeatedly--that the situation in Afghanistan
was deteriorating rapidly, that the danger to American troops were
high, that the danger to American civilians was high and, indeed,
potentially lethal. And what did the administration do? It ignored
these warnings.
The CENTCOM investigation shows that Tony Blinken's State Department
and Jake Sullivan's National Security Council dragged their feet for
weeks and, indeed, months on end. It shows the State Department
wouldn't even talk about an evacuation--wouldn't even speak of it--
until it was too late. And the worst of it is, after this botched
withdrawal, after this tragic loss of life, the administration took
efforts to cover up what had happened. And we are still in the midst of
this coverup.
Just last November, Homeland Security Secretary Mayorkas testified--
testified--that--and I am quoting him now:

Biometric and biographic information was collected from
every individual evacuated from Afghanistan.

Every individual, that is his statement.
He testified that the administration--I am quoting him now:

(T)ook a whole-of-government approach, ensuring that
Afghans arriving in the United States have been thoroughly
screened and vetted.

That simply is not true, and we know it isn't true because the DOD
inspector general just released a report debunking it, finding that
U.S. Agencies did not use available data when vetting Afghan evacuees,
finding that some evacuees with derogatory information could not be
located, including individuals whose latent fingerprints have been
found on improvised explosive devices and are known or suspected
terrorists.
Here is my point: Almost a year after this tragedy, almost a year
after this debacle, there has still been no accountability.
Mr. KAINE. Mr. President.
Mr. HAWLEY. No accountability. There has been no one fired. There has
been no one relieved of command. This administration has stonewalled.
They have dragged their feet. They have refused to cooperate. Oh, we
have had hearings, and they have had briefings almost entirely behind
closed doors.
Here is my request. It is what I promised Corporal Schmitz's father I
would do on the morning that I spoke to him, that I would seek
accountability for what happened in Afghanistan, and that is exactly
what I intend to do. It is what I have been doing, many a time have I
been on the floor for the last 11 months seeking accountability. And I
have been stonewalled at every single turn.
What I have asked for months on end is that the Armed Services
Committee hold a public hearing on this investigation--a public
hearing--not behind closed doors, not without the press, not cut off
from the American people--a public hearing, and I have been denied
every time.

[[Page S3230]]

So what I am going to do today is I am going to enter this report
into the Record so that the American people can see what U.S. Central
Command found. And until we have that accountability in public, I will
continue to ask that the Senate observe regular order and actually vote
on these nominees.
I yield the floor.
Mr. KAINE. Will the Senator yield for a question?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Virginia.
Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, if my colleague from Missouri would yield
for a series of questions, I want to make sure that I understand the
objection. I certainly understand the objection as indicated with
respect to seeking accountability for Afghanistan. I understand that
point.
Is it correct that in the committee, however, you supported each of
the three nominations who are proffered on the floor today?
Mr. HAWLEY. A parliamentary question, Mr. President: Do I have the
floor when I respond?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator has yielded for a question. So he
has the floor.
Mr. HAWLEY. But I am not asking the question. He is asking me the
question.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. But you were the one who yielded to the
Senator from Virginia for a question. So you still maintain the floor.
Mr. HAWLEY. No, I have yielded the floor. My remarks were concluded.
So the Senator has the floor. I am happy to respond.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Will the Senator yield for a response?
Mr. KAINE. I will yield for a response, yes.
Mr. HAWLEY. Say it one more time, Senator. I can answer.
Mr. KAINE. My question was: I believe, in the Armed Services
Committee, these three individuals, you supported their nominations for
reporting to the floor. And I just want to make sure that I am accurate
about that.
Mr. HAWLEY. That is incorrect, Senator. I reported as a no.
Mr. KAINE. On all three?
Mr. HAWLEY. Yes, sir.
Mr. KAINE. Is it the Senator's position today that you do not object
to them individually but there are other Members of your caucus who
individually object to them?
Mr. HAWLEY. I do object to them, Senator. Are you asking me if I
object to having a vote on them? Or are you asking me if I object to
them?
Mr. KAINE. I will rephrase the question.
Do you object to having a vote on them? So, for example, I can modify
the motion to suggest to seek unanimous consent that we schedule a vote
on these three nominees instead of trying to move them en bloc.
Mr. HAWLEY. Yes.
Mr. KAINE. I would be very happy to amend my motion to that, if you
would find that acceptable.
Mr. HAWLEY. Yes. A vote, I would like, Senator, but there are other
Republican Members who have objections to all three nominees, and I am
not authorized to consent for them.
Mr. KAINE. Then let me ask one final question. If we are able to
clear the objections of others, would you agree--at a time that is
convenient for the floor leaders of each party--to a recorded vote on
the three nominees, if we were able to clear the objections with your
other colleagues?
Mr. HAWLEY. I would like to have a recorded vote. Are you asking me
if I would vitiate cloture, Senator?
Mr. KAINE. Yes, move to a final passage vote, on which you would be
able to express your views on each of these nominees.
Mr. HAWLEY. I would like to have a cloture vote and a recorded vote.
I would like to observe regular order on each of these, unless we can
make some progress on having a public hearing on this report. That is
my position at this time. Again, I am not authorized to negotiate for
anybody else.
Mr. KAINE. I yield the floor.
Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in
the Record the first part of an investigation directed by the U.S.
Central Command concerning the Abbey Gate bombing in Afghanistan in
August 2021.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in
the Record as follows:

United States Central Command,

Office of the Deputy Commander,

15 September 2021.

Memorandum for Commander, United States Army Central

From: Vice Admiral James J. Malloy, Deputy Commander, United
States Central Command.
Subject: Memo Directing U.S. Army Central (USARCENT) to
Conduct an Army Regulation (AR) 15-6 Investigation into
the Facts and Circumstances Surrounding the Attack at
Abbey Gate, Hamid Karzai International Airport (HKIA) on
26 August 2021.

I am directing the Commander, USARCENT to appoint an AR 15-
6 investigation into the facts and circumstances surrounding
the attack upon U.S. forces located at the Abbey Gate at
HKIA, Kabul, Afghanistan on 26 August 2021. This AR 15-6
investigation will be a holistic review of the facts and
circumstances surrounding the attack. USARCENT is directed to
conduct an in-depth examination of all relevant aspects which
gave rise to the attack. The AR 15-6 should closely examine
tactical-level actions of U.S. personnel, gate operations,
force protection and posture, readiness, leadership, and all
other actions before, during and after the attack.

BACKGROUND

Recently the Commander, USCENTCOM directed his staff,
Component Commands, and relevant supporting commands to
conduct an after-action review (AAR) of the Afghanistan non-
combatant evacuation operation (NEO). This AR 15-6 is a
separate requirement from that AAR.

DISCUSSION

This AR 15-6 will be conducted in accordance with Service
regulations. USARCENT will provide the completed AR 15-6 to
Headquarters, USCENTCOM no later than 1 October 2021. If
additional time is required, this request must be approved by
the Commander.
Finally, to thoroughly examine the facts and circumstances
of this attack, Component Commands, subordinate commands and
other supporting commands are directed to assist USARCENT
investigators during the course of this AR 15-6 as
applicable.
____

Department of the Army, 3rd Expeditionary Sustainment
Command,
ACTS-SCK-DO, 22 October 2021.

Memorandum for LTG Ronald P. Clark, Commander, Third Army/U.S. Army
Central, Shaw Air Force Base, SC

Subject: Findings and Recommendations--Attack Against U.S.
Forces Conducting NEO at Hamid Karzai International
Airport on 26 August 2021.

1. BLUF. See EXSUM at enclosure 7.
2. Background: On 26 August 2021, U.S. Marines were
conducting a Non-combatant Evacuation Operation (NEO) at the
Hamid Karzai International Airport (HKIA) as part of a larger
joint force operation to conclude U.S. combat operations in
Afghanistan. Eleven Marines, one Navy Corpsman, and one Army
PSYOP Noncommissioned Officer (NCO) were killed in an attack
at the entry control point (ECP) known as Abbey Gate. As a
result of the deaths of U.S. Service Members in combat, LTG
Ronald P. Clark, Commander, Third Army/U.S. Army Central, at
the direction of Gen McKenzie, Commander, U.S. Central
Command (CENTCOM), appointed me to investigate the
surrounding facts and circumstances.
a. Scope. In accordance with (IAW) AR 15-6, I was appointed
to investigate the facts and circumstances and address the
following matters:
(1) Actions before, during, and after the attack;
(2) Force Protection, specifically including pertinent
issues associated with:
(a) Force Posture, and
(b) Gate Operations.
(3) Readiness;
(4) Leadership;
(5) Medical Considerations;
(6) Chronology/Timeline of Events.
b. Time Extensions. My initial appointment order, dated 17
September 2021, required me to complete my investigation no
later than 1 October 2021 (enclosure 1).
After careful analysis, I requested an extension to 22
October 2021 to ensure I could conduct sufficient interviews
of widely dispersed forces and collect important products and
documents to provide a complete investigation. You granted me
the requested extension on 22 September 2021 (enclosure 2).
c. Methodology. The investigation follows the procedures in
AR 15-6 and the appointment memorandum, with one exception.
After consulting with my legal advisor, I determined the use
of memorandums for record (MFRs) to capture interviews was a
more appropriate method, given the subject matter and
personnel involved. I spoke with my legal advisor and also
resolved conflicts in the evidence, and discussed the use of
any self-serving statement that I relied upon.
(1) The Commander, U.S. Marine Corps Forces Central Command
(MARCENT), MajGen Paul Rock, assigned two Marine Corps
Officers, (TEXT REDACTED) to perform duties as both subject
matter experts and assistant investigating officers
(enclosures 3 and 4).
(2) Additionally, I requested appointment of my Command
Judge Advocate, (TEXT REDACTED) investigating officers
(enclosures 4 and 5).

[[Page S3231]]

3. Findings of facts.
a. Task Organization. Before addressing the directed
matters, it is of extreme importance to describe and clarify
the task organization and command relationships (COMREL)
between units executing operations at HKIA from 1-31 August
2021. The below descriptions are also enclosed in block and
line charts (enclosure 8).
(1) 1-16 August 202l.
(a) RADM Pete Vasely, Commander, U.S. Forces-Afghanistan
(Forward) (USFOR-A FWD), was the overall commander throughout
the execution of operations in Afghanistan during the month
of August. USFOR-A FWD was chartered as a Diplomatic
Assurance Platform (DAP) and Joint Task Force (JTF) for
operations in Afghanistan (exhibits 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 21).
USFOR-A FWD was also Special Operations Joint Task Force-
Afghanistan (SOJTF-A). Elements of the 3/10 Infantry Brigade
Combat Team (IBCT) augmented USFOR-A FWD staff and security
forces at the Embassy (exhibits 126, 247). The Commander of
3/10 IBCT, (TEXT REDACTED) also served as Chief of Staff for
USFOR-A FWD, and commander of two ground forces, Task Force
(TF) Polar Bear and TF Wild Boar, which supported the Embassy
and HKIA (exhibits 21, 22, 126, 247).
(b) JTF-Crisis Response (CR), commanded by BGen Farrell
Sullivan, arrived at HKIA on 20 July 2021, to prepare for a
potential NEO. Beginning in May 2021, USFOR-A FWD had
tactical control (TACON) of JTF-CR for planning, and then for
NEO execution in August (exhibits 10, 11, 15, 18).
(c) The 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), (TEXT
REDACTED) sent its Command Element (CE) and Battalion Landing
Team (BLT), 1/8 Marines to HKIA on 14 August 2021 to set
conditions for NEO (exhibits 15, 100, 102, 104). JTF-CR had
TACON of the 24th MEU, which had TACON of 1/8 Marines
(exhibits 100, 102, 104).
(d) Elements of 1/82 IBCT arrived at HKIA throughout 15-16
August 2021. JTF-CR initially had TACON of the 1/82 elements,
received them at the flight line, and put them into defensive
positions (exhibits 15, 100, 102, 121, 125).
(e) 2/1 Marines, the ground combat element (GCE) for the
CENTCOM Special Purpose Marine Air Ground Task Force
(SPMAGTF), began arriving at HKIA in the early morning of 16
August 2021 (exhibits 53, 54, 55, 76, 77). The 24th MEU had
TACON of 2/1 Marines (exhibits 10, 11, 53, 54, 76, 77, 100,
102).
(2) 17-28 August 2021. The Tactical Command Post (TAC) for
the 82nd Airborne Division, commanded by MG Christopher
Donahue, arrived to HKIA in the early morning hours of 19
August 2021 (exhibits 13, 21, 125). With the TAC's arrival,
Gen McKenzie altered the task organization, granted USFOR-A
FWD TACON of the 82nd Airborne Division, and gave the 82nd
TACON of JTF-CR (exhibits 10, 11, 238). JTF-CR retained TACON
of Marine forces until departure, while 82nd Airborne
Division retained TACON of 1/82, and additional Army combat
formations. However, USFOR-A FWD retained TACON of JTF-CR for
NEO. and JTF-CR coordinated with 82nd Airborne Division
(exhibits 125, 40). Marine units also executed an alternate
COMREL, as 2/1 Marines reported directly to JTF-CR, despite
the fact the 24th MEU had TACON of 2/1 (exhibits 18, 53,
100). 1/82 IBCT assumed TACON of TF Polar Bear and TF Wild
Boar (exhibits 10, 126, 247).
(3) 28-30 August 2021.
(a) USFOR-A FWD departed HKIA in the early morning hours of
28 August 2021. MG Donahue, 82nd Airborne Division Commander,
assumed command of all operations at HKIA until his departure
at 0002 on 31 August 2021 (exhibits 131 21, 125, 246).
(b) JTF-CR and all Marine forces departed by the morning of
30 August 2021 (exhibits 15, 18). No Marine forces
subordinate to JT-FCR were task organized under the 82nd
Airborne Division during the last two days of the NEO.
(4) Adjacent Forces.
(a) Taliban. On 16 August 2021, RADM Vasely began to
coordinate with Taliban forces for additional crowd control
and security of HKIA (exhibits 13, 20, 21, 23). USFOR-A FWD's
primary point of contact for coordination was local Taliban
Commander, (TEXT REDACTED) (exhibits 13, 20, 21, 23). U.S.
commanders and leaders at all echelons coordinated with
Taliban forces to clarify security tasks and responsibilities
(exhibits 53, 76).
(b) Turkish Military Forces. Turkish Forces were present on
HKIA prior to the NEO and responsible for security of
northern HKIA and working through Afghan National Defense and
Security Forces (ANDSF) to secure the remaining perimeter
(exhibits 15, 18). JTF-CR, and later USFOR-A FWD, coordinated
with the Turkish Military Forces for security tasks and
evacuation efforts (exhibits 15, 18).
(c) United Kingdom Forces. The U.K. had a large force
presence, led by (TEXT REDACTED) on HKIA and at the adjoining
Barron Hotel (exhibits 13, 15, 18, 21, 126). This force
consisted of three companies from 2nd Battalion, Parachute
Regiment (2 PARA) and two companies from 3 PARA, for a
combined force of approximately 550 troops, (TEXT REDACTED)
(exhibit 126). Commanders and leaders at all levels worked
with the U.K. Forces at Abbey Gate, coordinating their
security and evacuation efforts (exhibits 13, 15, 18, 21, 53,
56, 65, 76, 77).
(d) Afghan National Strike Unit (NSU). This organization
was affiliated with U.S. interagency activities and
integrated into the security of HKIA on 16-17 August 2021
(exhibits 13, 15, 18, 21). USFOR-A FWD worked through U.S.
Embassy Kabul (USEK) personnel to coordinate with NSU
(exhibits 18, 21).
b. Actions before, during, and after the attack.
(1) Key Findings.
(a) By 25 August, Abbey Gate was the Main Effort for Gate
Operations at HKIA.
(b) At approximately 1736 local time, 26 August 2021, a
single explosion occurred at Abbey Gate.
(c) There was no complex attack; it was a single suicide
bomber not accompanied by enemy small arms fire.
(d) How the bomber bypassed Taliban checkpoints to get to
the canal is unknown. There were multiple avenues of approach
to the canal continuously used by Afghans to bypass Taliban
checkpoints. The bomber likely used one of these avenues. No
Marines at Abbey Gate recall any civilian using U.S.
identification to get closer to their position at the time of
the attack.
(e) The attack at Abbey Gate killed between 160-170
civilians. There is no evidence the Marines' response to the
attack caused further harm to civilians or fratricide. A
potential civilian casualty was reported during interviews
with 2/1 Marines. A Platoon Commander reported the casualty
occurred during initial gate operations on 20 August and the'
injury, or possible death, was caused by a flash-bang
grenade.
(2) USFOR-A FWD
(a) USFOR-A FWD was task organized to fill the command and
staff billets of SOJTF-A specifically NATO Special Operations
Component Command-Afghanistan (NSOCC-A) (exhibits 20, 21).
CENTCOM, after consulting with outgoing USFOR-A Commander,
GEN Miller, established USFOR-A FWD as a DAP prior to its
deployment to Afghanistan (exhibits 20, 21). The DAP's
mission was to provide indications and warnings (I&W) for
USEK, coordinate military activities in Afghanistan (security
cooperation, targeting), and be prepared to command and
control NEO (exhibits 20, 21). USFOR-A FWD developed a
trigger matrix for preparation and execution of NEO, and
shared it with USEK staff (exhibits 20, 21, 22). USFOR-A FWD
used the trigger matrix as a tool to measure the Taliban's
advancement and convince USEK staff to prepare for NEO
(exhibits 20, 21, 22). However, USEK staff showed little
interest in planning for NEO (exhibits 15, 18, 20, 21, 22).
Despite the Taliban's rapid advance towards Kabul, on 12
August USEK only planned to evacuate 250 personnel by 31
August (exhibit 21 ). On 14 August. the Ambassador committed
to evacuating the Embassy, but his personnel were unprepared
and had taken few steps to reduce their footprint or destroy
sensitive equipment/information (exhibits 20, 21, 22, 146).
USEK security forces and the USFOR-A FWD (TEXT REDACTED)
evacuated the final personnel from the Embassy to HKIA at
0100 on 16 August. Most USEK personnel departed Afghanistan
shortly thereafter (exhibits 15, 18, 20, 21, 22).
(b) At HKIA, USFOR-A FWD was responsible for up and out
coordination. They communicated daily with various elements
of the interagency, to include Department of State (DoS) and
the White House. They also coordinated with partner nations
seeking support with evacuation, and coordinated with the
Turkish Military, the Taliban, and the NSU to establish and
maintain security of the airfield (exhibits 13, 15, 18, 20,
21, 22).

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Markey). The Senator from Louisiana.