[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 6213 Introduced in House (IH)]
<DOC>
118th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 6213
To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other
purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
November 3, 2023
Mr. Lucas (for himself, Ms. Lofgren, Mr. Collins, Ms. Stevens, Mr.
Williams of New York, Mr. Bowman, Mr. Babin, Mr. Sorensen, Mr.
Obernolte, Mrs. Foushee, Mr. Miller of Ohio, and Ms. Ross) introduced
the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other
purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``National Quantum Initiative
Reauthorization Act''.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801)
is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), the
first paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the
``Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications''), and
the second paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the
``Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science'') as paragraphs
(7), (9), (12), (13), (15), and (16), respectively;
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following new
paragraphs:
``(4) Federal laboratory.--The term `Federal laboratory'
has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the Stevenson-
Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703).
``(5) Foreign country of concern.--The term `foreign
country of concern' means--
``(A) a country that is a covered nation (as such
term is defined in section 4872(d) of title 10, United
States Code); and
``(B) any country that the Secretary of Commerce,
in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the
Secretary of State, and the Director of National
Intelligence, determines to be engaged in conduct that
is detrimental to the national security or foreign
policy of the United States.
``(6) Foreign entity of concern.--The term `foreign entity
of concern' means a foreign entity that is--
``(A) designated as a foreign terrorist
organization by the Secretary of State under section
219(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1189(a));
``(B) included on the list of specially designated
nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office
of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the
Treasury (commonly known as the `SDN list');
``(C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to the
jurisdiction or direction of a government of a foreign
country that is a covered nation (as such term is
defined in section 4872 of title 10, United States
Code);
``(D) alleged by the Attorney General to have been
involved in activities for which a conviction was
obtained under--
``(i) chapter 37 of title 18, United States
Code (commonly known as the `Espionage Act');
``(ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18,
United States Code;
``(iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United
States Code (commonly known as the `Economic
Espionage Act of 1996');
``(iv) the Arms Export Control Act (22
U.S.C. 2751 et seq.);
``(v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 236 of
the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274,
2275, 2276, 2277, and 2284);
``(vi) the Export Control Reform Act of
2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); or
``(vii) the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.);
or
``(E) determined by the Secretary of Commerce, in
consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the
Director of National Intelligence, to be engaged in
unauthorized conduct that is detrimental to the
national security or foreign policy of the United
States.'';
(3) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by striking
``(a)'' each place it appears;
(4) by inserting after paragraph (7), as so redesignated,
the following new paragraph:
``(8) National laboratory.--The term `National Laboratory'
has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Energy
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).'';
(5) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so redesignated,
the following new paragraphs:
``(10) Quantum applications.--The term `quantum
applications' means applications that use quantum information
science engineering and technology, including quantum
algorithms and software, quantum computing and quantum-
classical hybrids, quantum sensing, quantum networking, quantum
encryption, or quantum communications applications.
``(11) Quantum computing.--The term `quantum computing'
means any of a variety of quantum computing technologies,
including quantum annealing and quantum gate-model systems that
utilize a variety of qubit architectures, such as
superconducting, ion traps, photonics, neutral atoms, spin
atoms, or spin electrons.'';
(6) by amending paragraph (12), as so redesignated, to read
as follows:
``(12) Quantum information science, technology, and
engineering.--The term `quantum information science,
technology, and engineering' means the understanding,
translation, use, or application of the laws of quantum physics
for the storage, transmission, manipulation, computing,
simulation, or measurement of information.''; and
(7) by inserting after paragraph (13), as so redesignated,
the following new paragraph:
``(14) STEM.--The term `STEM' means the academic and
professional disciplines of science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics, including computer science.''.
SEC. 3. PURPOSES.
Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8802)
is amended--
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
``science and its technology applications'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(2) in paragraph (1)--
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
striking ``science and technology'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(B) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
follows:
``(A) to expand the number of researchers,
educators, and students with training in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology to
develop a domestic workforce pipeline and retain
international talent to the extent consistent with
national security and international competitiveness;'';
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``science at
the'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology at the primary, secondary,'';
(D) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``basic'';
(E) in subparagraph (D)--
(i) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(F) in subparagraph (E), by inserting ``and'' after
the semicolon; and
(G) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraph:
``(F) to support development of quantum
applications, including quantum-hybrid applications, to
promote innovation and commercialization.'';
(3) in paragraph (2), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(4) in paragraph (3), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(5) in paragraph (4)--
(A) by inserting ``National Laboratories,'' after
``Federal laboratories,''; and
(B) by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;
(6) in paragraph (5)--
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
(i) by inserting ``partnerships, research
collaborations, and'' after ``international'';
and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology
security'' and inserting ``science,
engineering, and technology'';
(B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' after
the semicolon;
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period and
inserting ``; and''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraph:
``(C) to facilitate cooperative investment in
quantum capabilities between the United States and its
allies and partners to strengthen and secure the
domestic supply chain and related ecosystem; and''; and
(7) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
``(6) improving the maturity, scale, and short- and long-
term viability of the quantum technology industry and
commercialization of domestic quantum capacity across
modalities.''.
SEC. 4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM.
Subsection (b) of section 101 of the National Quantum Initiative
Act (15 U.S.C. 8811) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) by striking ``development'' and inserting
``research development, and near- and medium-term, and
long-term demonstration''; and
(B) by striking ``information science and
technology'';
(2) in paragraph (2)--
(A) by striking ``fundamental'';
(B) by striking ``science and technology'' and
inserting ``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(C) by inserting ``infrastructure,'' after
``demonstration,'';
(3) in paragraph (3)--
(A) by inserting ``and retain'' after ``to
develop''; and
(B) by striking ``science and technology'' and
inserting ``science, engineering, and technology'';
(4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) provide for interagency planning and coordination of
Federal quantum information science, engineering, and
technology research, development, demonstration, standards
engagement, and other activities under the Program, including
activities authorized pursuant to section 234 of the John S.
McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019
(10 U.S.C. 4001 note), quantum educational activities and
programs authorized pursuant to section 10661 of the Research
and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C.
19261), and activities conducted at any Federal laboratory;'';
and
(5) in paragraph (5)--
(A) by striking ``industry and universities'' and
inserting ``industry, universities, and strategic
allies''; and
(B) by inserting ``, including human resources''
after ``resources''.
SEC. 5. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE.
Section 102 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8812)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A)--
(i) by inserting ``who shall be'' before
``appointed''; and
(ii) by inserting ``, and who shall serve a
four year term, subject to renewal'' before the
semicolon; and
(B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as
follows:
``(B) staff comprised of employees detailed from
the Federal departments and agencies specified in
section 103(b).''; and
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology research and workforce''; and
(B) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) ensure coordination among the collaborative ventures
or consortia established under this Act;''.
SEC. 6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.
Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8813)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(B) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph
(13); and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (8) the following
new paragraphs:
``(9) the Department of Health and Human Services;
``(10) the Department of State;
``(11) the Department of Homeland Security;
``(12) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;
and'';
(2) in subsection (d)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``the quantum
information science and technology research'' and
inserting ``quantum information science, engineering,
and technology research and quantum application
development, demonstration, and commercialization'';
(B) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``, engineering,
and technology'' after ``science'';
(C) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``, engineering,
and technology'' after ``science'';
(D) in paragraph (6)--
(i) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(E) in paragraph (7)--
(i) by inserting ``, technology, and
engineering'' after ``science''; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting
``; and''; and
(F) by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
``(8) facilitate interagency partnership opportunities to
advance quantum applications related to environment,
biotechnology, space, and other sectors.''; and
(3) in subsection (h)(2)(A), by inserting ``, including a
description of agency roles and responsibilities'' before the
period.
SEC. 7. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
Section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8814)
is amended--
(1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
``(b) Qualifications.--The Advisory Committee shall consist of
members, appointed by the President, who are--
``(1) representative of industry, including end users
likely to benefit from quantum technology, universities, and
Federal laboratories; and
``(2) qualified to provide advice and information on
quantum information science, engineering, and technology
research, development, demonstrations, standards, STEM
education, technology transfer, commercial application, or
national security and economic concerns.'';
(2) in subsection (d)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (D), (E), (F),
and (G) as subparagraphs (E), (F), (G), and (H),
respectively;
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the
following new subparagraph:
``(D) other countries' quantum programs and the
progress of such countries and such programs relative
to the Program;'';
(D) in subparagraph (E), as so redesignated--
(i) by striking ``to'' and inserting
``promote innovation, foster a robust United
States quantum industry, and''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology''; and
(E) in subparagraph (F), as so redesignated, by
inserting ``, including to address any gaps that may
exist'' before the semicolon;
(F) in subparagraph (G), as so redesignated, by
striking ``open standards for, quantum information
science and technology; and'' and inserting
``international standards in open and transparent
standardization systems for quantum information
science, engineering, and technology;'';
(G) in subparagraph (H), as so redesignated--
(i) by inserting ``educational,'' after
``legal,''; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting
``; and''; and
(H) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraphs:
``(I) the domestic and international cooperation
needs and goals of the Program, including needs and
goals related to infrastructure and the supply chain of
quantum information science, engineering, and
technology; and
``(J) the degree to which quantum information
science, engineering, and technology is enhancing or
can enhance the capabilities of the United States
advanced industrial economy and protect or optimize
critical infrastructure (as such term is defined in
section 1016(e) of Public Law 107-56 (42 U.S.C.
5195c(e))).'';
(3) in subsection (e), by inserting ``through December 31,
2030'' after ``thereafter''; and
(4) by amending subsection (g) to read as follows:
``(g) FACA Exemption.--The President shall charter the Advisory
Committee in accordance with chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code
(commonly referred to as the `Federal Advisory Committee Act'), except
that the Advisory Committee shall be exempt from section 1013 of such
title.''.
SEC. 8. SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC AND SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF
QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.
Section 105 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.
8814a) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (10), by striking ``and'' after
the semicolon;
(B) by redesignating paragraph (11) as paragraph
(14); and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (10) the following
new paragraphs:
``(11) the Department of Health and Human Services;
``(12) the Department of State;
``(13) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
and'';
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``information
science'' and inserting ``information science,
engineering, and technology'';
(B) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``, or supply
chains'' after ``investments'';
(C) in paragraph (5)--
(i) by inserting ``and engineering'' after
``quantum information science''; and
(ii) by inserting ``any'' before ``export
controls'';
(D) in paragraph (6), by striking ``information
science'' and inserting ``information science,
engineering, and technology'';
(E) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(F) in paragraph (8)--
(i) by striking ``information science'' and
inserting ``information science, engineering,
and technology''; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting a
semicolon; and
(G) by adding at the end the following new
paragraphs:
``(9) in coordination with the Subcommittee on Quantum
Information Science, identify opportunities to increase
coordination between civilian, military, and intelligence
quantum research entities, reduce unnecessary duplicative
quantum research activities, and facilitate collaboration
between quantum research agencies with specialized capabilities
or expertise in one or more aspects of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology; and
``(10) recommend strategies for attracting and retaining
students and scholars with expertise in quantum related fields
to Federal departments and agencies.''.
SEC. 9. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.
The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by inserting after
section 105 the following new section:
``SEC. 105A. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.
``(a) Strategy Required.--Not later than one year after the date of
the enactment of this section, the Director of the Office of Science
and Technology Policy, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce,
the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the
National Science Foundation, and the heads of other Federal agencies,
as appropriate, shall develop and submit to the Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a strategy to--
``(1) establish collaborative international partnerships,
including co-funded international programs, to advance research
and development, testing and evaluation, commercialization, and
interoperability in quantum information science, engineering,
and technology with allies and partners of the United States,
and other countries, when in the security, strategic,
technological, and scientific interests of the United States;
``(2) ensure continued United States participation in
bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance quantum
information science, engineering, and technology on the
international stage;
``(3) promote the integrity and impartiality of
international standards organizations and processes related to
quantum information science, engineering, and technology; and
``(4) ensure ethical application of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology to protect civil liberties
and basic human rights.
``(b) Designation.--The strategy under subsection shall be known as
the `International Quantum Cooperation Strategy' (in this section
referred to as the `Strategy').
``(c) Elements.--In the development of the Strategy, the Director
of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Quantum
Coordination Office, the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science,
the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications, and the
relevant agencies should consider the following:
``(1) The establishment of international partnerships to
advance research and development in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Key partners that are allies of the United States and
have demonstrated unique capabilities in one or more areas of
quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
``(3) Efforts and plans to address risks of the national
security and economic interest of the United States during
development and deployment of quantum technologies worldwide,
including plans for diplomatic engagement with allies and
partners, and other countries.
``(4) Efforts and plans to promote responsible global
development and deployment of quantum technologies, including
through international engagement and leadership in the
development of international standards.
``(5) Efforts and plans to develop, attract, and retain
international talent.
``(6) The ability and risks of domestic manufacturers and
suppliers and those of allies and partners of the United States
to meet the needs of the global quantum supply chain, including
raw materials such as Helium-3, plans for engagement with
allies and partners, manufacturers, and suppliers, and options
to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities in the global quantum
supply chain.
``(7) A plan to safeguard research and technology supported
through international cooperation, as appropriate, in whole or
in part, including in quantum technologies critical to national
security, from malign influence, theft, or exfiltration by
foreign entities of concern.
``(8) As necessary, a description of such legislative or
administrative action needed to carry out the Strategy.
``(d) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which the
Strategy is completed, the Director shall brief the committees
specified in subsection (a) on the Strategy.''.
SEC. 10. SUNSET.
Section 106(a) of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.
8815(a)) is amended to read as follows:
``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), the
authority to carry out sections 101, 102, 103, 104, and 104a shall
terminate on December 30, 2030.''.
SEC. 11. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES AND
QUANTUM CONSORTIUM.
Section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8831)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``basic and applied''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by inserting ``attract, educate, and''
before ``train''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(C) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) shall carry out research, development, and
demonstration projects, as appropriate to facilitate the
development and standardization of quantum networking,
communications, computing, metrology, and sensing technologies
and quantum applications;''.
(D) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), and (7)
as paragraphs (7), (8), and (10), respectively;
(E) by inserting the following after paragraph (4)
the following new paragraphs:
``(5) shall carry out research to support the measurement
of comparative performance and progress of quantum
technologies, including, as practicable, technology readiness
assessments of quantum technologies;
``(6) shall promote United States participation in
international standards organizations related to quantum
information science, technology, and engineering;'';
(F) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by
striking ``infrastructure'' and inserting ``,
communications, sensing, and computing''; and
(G) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated--
(i) by striking ``and engineering; and''
and inserting ``, engineering, and technology
and expanding the domestic STEM workforce;'';
and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon; and
(H) by inserting after paragraph (8) the following
the following new paragraph:
``(9) shall establish such infrastructure as is necessary
to advance the research program described in this section;
and'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``future'' and inserting
``research''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
follows:
``(A) to gather and assess information on the
quantum industry to address the needs identified in
paragraph (1);'';
(ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C)
and inserting the following new subparagraphs:
``(B) to provide recommendations regarding how the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, the
Program, and other gencies, as appropriate, can address
the gaps in the necessary research identified in
subparagraph (B) and accelerate real-world uses of
quantum information science, engineering, and
technology;
``(C) to identify enabling technologies and the
relevant supply chain essential to foster research and
industrial competitiveness in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology, and communicate
findings to Federal agencies and other domestic and
international stakeholders; and
``(D) to assess and identify key areas for
establishing, expanding, or developing international
partnerships that will facilitate United States
quantum-related business engagement.'';
(C) in paragraph (3)--
(i) by striking ``Not later than 2 years
after the date of enactment of this Act, the''
and inserting ``The''; and
(ii) by inserting ``periodically, but not
less than every five years,'' after ``shall'';
and
(D) by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
``(4) Coordination.--As appropriate, the consortium is
encouraged to engage with Federal agencies that fund research,
have a mission to transition or translate research results to
practical quantum applications, or have a mission that could
benefit from the development of quantum technologies to inform
and accelerate progress in such areas.''; and
(3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following
new subsections:
``(c) International Quantum Research and Metrology.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Commerce, in
coordination with the Secretary of State and the Director of
the National Science Foundation, and acting through the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
shall promote, establish, and support international quantum
information science, engineering, and technology research,
metrology research, and standardization, as appropriate, to
enhance international cooperation, meet United States
obligations or commitments , and support United States
engagement in international standards for quantum information
science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this section, the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
shall ensure alignment with the National Quantum Information
Science Strategy and the U.S. Government National Standards
Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technology, or successor
strategies.
``(3) Restrictions.--
``(A) Confucius institute.--None of the funds made
available under this section may be obligated or
expended to an institution of higher education that
maintains a contract or agreement between such
institution and a Confucius Institute or any successor
of a Confucius Institute.
``(B) Foreign countries or entities of concern.--
None of the funds made available under this section may
be obligated or expended to promote, establish, or
finance quantum research activities between a United
States entity and a foreign country of concern or
foreign entity of concern, except such restriction
shall not apply to participation by awardees in
consensus-based international standardization
activities
``(d) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the
National Institute of Standards and Technology pursuant to section
10211 of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act
(Public Law 117-167) for scientific and technical research and services
laboratory activities, there is authorized to be appropriated to the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to carry
out this section up to $85,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024
through 2027.''.
SEC. 12. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM
CENTERS.
Title II of the National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by
adding at the end the following new section:
``SEC. 202. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM
CENTERS.
``(a) Establishment.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, in consultation with the heads of
other Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall
establish and operate at least one, but not more than three,
centers to accelerate research, development, deployment, and
standardization of quantum information science, engineering,
and technology.
``(2) Program details.--
``(A) Competitive, merit-reviewed process.--The
centers shall be established through a competitive,
merit-reviewed process.
``(B) Applications.--An eligible applicant
described in subparagraph (C) shall submit to the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology an application at such time, in such manner,
and containing such information as the Director
determines to be appropriate.
``(C) Eligible applicants.--Eligible applicants
described in this subparagraph are the following:
``(i) Institutions of higher education.
``(ii) Nonprofit organizations.
``(iii) Multi-institutions collaborations.
``(iv) Any other entity the Director
determines appropriate.
``(3) Selection of topics.--The Director of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology shall solicit proposals
in and prioritize the following topics in initial selection of
centers, subject to merit-review:
``(A) Quantum sensing and measurement.
``(B) Quantum engineering.
``(b) Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, centers
developed, constructed, operated, or maintained under this section
shall serve the mission of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, for the benefit of the broader United States quantum
information science community, to create and develop processes for the
following purposes--
``(1) Advancing research and standardization in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Advancing technology transfer.
``(3) Improving the competitiveness of the United States.
``(c) Collaborations.--A collaboration that receives an award under
this section may include multiple types of research institutions,
private sector entities, Federal laboratories, and nonprofit
organizations.
``(d) Coordination.--The Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology shall ensure awardees coordinate, and avoid
unnecessary duplication of, the activities carried out under this
section with existing activities of the Institute, other activities
carried out under this Act, and other related programs, as appropriate.
``(e) Selection and Duration.--
``(1) In general.--The centers established under this
section are authorized to carry out activities for a period of
five years.
``(2) Reapplication.--An awardee may reapply for an
additional subsequent period of five years following a
successful, merit-based review.
``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Director of
the National Institute of Standards and Technology may
terminate an underperforming center for cause during the
performance period.
``(f) Funding.--The Director of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology shall allocate up to $18,000,000 for each Center
supporter under this section for each of fiscal years 2024 through
2028, subject to the availability of appropriations. Amounts made
available to carry out this section shall be derived from amounts
appropriated or otherwise made available to the National Institute of
Standards and Technology.''.
SEC. 13. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ACTIVITIES.
Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841)
is amended--
(1) in the heading, by inserting ``, engineering, and
technology'' after ``science'';
(2) in subsection (a)--
(A) by striking ``basic''; and
(B) by striking ``science and engineering'' and
inserting ``science, engineering, and technology'';
(3) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in subparagraph (A)--
(I) by striking ``basic''; and
(II) by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science,
engineering, and technology''; and
(ii) in subparagraph (B)--
(I) by striking ``human resources''
and inserting ``education and
workforce''; and
(II) by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science,
engineering, and technology''; and
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A)--
(I) in clause (i)--
(aa) by striking ``science
and engineering'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(bb) by inserting ``K-12,
vocational,'' before
``undergraduate''; and
(cc) by striking ``and''
after the semicolon;
(II) in clause (ii), by inserting
``and'' after the semicolon; and
(III) by adding at the end the
following new clause:
``(iii) to pursue basic and use inspired
research at the frontiers of quantum
information science, engineering, and
technology, and explore solutions to important
challenges for the development, application,
and commercialization of quantum
technologies;'';
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
``science and engineering'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking
``science and engineering'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(iv) in subparagraph (D), by striking
``and'' after the semicolon;
(v) in subparagraph (E), by striking the
period and inserting ``; and''; and
(vi) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraph:
``(F) providing infrastructure to support academic
quantum information science, engineering, and
technology, including through existing infrastructure
programs and new activities.'';
(4) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows:
``(c) Student Traineeships, Fellowships, and Other Models.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation, in consultation with heads of agencies the Director
considers appropriate, shall award grants to institutions of
higher education or eligible nonprofit organizations (or
consortia thereof) to increase capacity and broaden
participation, including through provisioning of experiential
opportunities, where appropriate, in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology and other related
disciplines.
``(2) Quantum traineeships.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation may establish or use existing programs to
make awards to institutions of higher education or nonprofit
organizations (or consortia thereof) to provide traineeships to
graduate students at institutions of higher education within
the United States who are citizens of the United States and who
choose or plan to pursue masters or doctoral degrees in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology, or related
fields, and by providing students with opportunities for
research experiences in government or industry related to such
students' quantum studies.
``(3) Quantum fellowships and scholarships.--
``(A) In general.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation may establish or use existing
programs to support fellowships and scholarships for
students at institutions of higher education for the
purpose of increasing quantum information science,
engineering, and technology exposure for undergraduate
and graduate STEM students and increasing post-
graduation employment opportunities for STEM students.
``(B) Requirements.--Eligible participants in the
fellowship and scholarship program shall--
``(i) be enrolled in or have graduated from
a STEM degree program at a domestic institution
of higher education; and
``(ii) have taken at least one quantum-
science or quantum-relevant course as part of
their degree programs.
``(C) Considerations.--Eligible fellowships and
scholarships may include temporary quantum-related
positions at State or Federal agencies, national
laboratories, private sector businesses, universities,
Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research and
Education as established in section 402, or other
quantum-relevant entities, as determined appropriate by
the Director.
``(D) Competitive awards.--Fellowships and
scholarships shall be competitively awarded through a
merit-review process. The Director of the National
Science Foundation may prioritize fellowships that
include an industry partner that provides financial
assistance to the applicant for direct or indirect
costs as estimated by the fellowship sponsor.
``(4) Quantum research experiences for undergraduates.--The
Director of the National Science Foundation shall seek to
increase opportunities for quantum research for undergraduate
students by encouraging proposals in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology, through the research
experiences for undergraduates pursuant to section 514 of the
America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2021 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-
6).
``(5) Partnerships.--In carrying out the activities under
this section, the Director of the National Science Foundation
shall encourage awardees to partner with relevant Federal
agencies, Federal laboratories, industry and other private
sector organizations, and nonprofit organizations to facilitate
the expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on learning
experiences.'';
(5) in subsection (d)--
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``QISE''
and inserting ``QISET'';
(B) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``information science and
engineering (referred to in this subsection as
`QISE')'' and inserting ``information science,
engineering, and technology''; and
(ii) by inserting ``and career and
technical education entities'' after
``colleges'';
(C) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking
``QISE'' and inserting ``quantum information
science, engineering, and technology'';
(ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``,
engineering, and technology'' after
``science'';
(iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (E)
and (F) as subparagraphs (F) and (H),
respectively;
(iv) by inserting after subparagraph (D)
the following new subparagraph:
``(E) Informal education methods to enhance
experiences of students of all ages with quantum
information science, engineering, and technology
concepts and applications.'';
(v) by inserting after subparagraph (F), as
so redesignated, the following new
subparagraph:
``(G) Methods to introduce security and other
potential societal dimensions associated with quantum
information science, engineering, and technology into
STEM curricula.''; and
(vi) in subparagraph (H), as so
redesignated--
(I) by inserting ``, engineering,
and technology'' after ``science''; and
(II) by inserting ``of the Research
and Development, Competition, and
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261(d))''
after ``section 10661 of the Research
and Development, Competition, and
Innovation Act'';
(D) in paragraph (3), by striking ``QISE'' and
inserting ``quantum information science, engineering,
and technology''; and
(E) by striking paragraph (4); and
(6) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
``(e) International Research on Quantum Information Science,
Engineering, and Technology.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the
Secretary of Commerce, shall promote, establish, and support
international quantum information science, engineering, and
technology research, as appropriate, to enhance international
cooperation and meet United States obligations or commitments,
including as part of the terms and conditions of bilateral or
multilateral quantum information science, engineering, and
technology research agreements.
``(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this subsection, the
Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure
alignment with the national Quantum Information Strategy or
successor strategies.
``(3) Priority.--The Directors shall prioritize research
programs with countries that have signed Quantum Cooperation
Statement with the United States.
``(4) Restrictions.--
``(A) Confucius institute.--None of the funds made
available under this section may be obligated or
expended to an institution of higher education that
maintains a contract or agreement between such
institution and a Confucius Institute or any successor
of a Confucius Institute.
``(B) Foreign country of concern and foreign entity
of concern.--None of the funds made available under
this section may be obligated or expended to promote,
establish, or finance quantum research activities
between a United States entity and a foreign country of
concern or foreign entity of concern.
``(f) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated to the
National Science Foundation pursuant to section 10303 of the Research
and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law 117-167)
for research and related activities, there is authorized to be
appropriated to the Director of the National Science Foundation to
carry out this section up to $141,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024
through 2027.''.
SEC. 14. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION.
Section 302 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8842)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) by striking ``in consultation with other
Federal departments and agencies,''; and
(B) by striking ``5'' and inserting ``10'';
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
striking ``basic'';
(B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology''; and
(C) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and
engineering'' and inserting ``, engineering, and
technology and engineering, including leveraging or
expanding activities established pursuant to section
301(d)'';
(3) in subsection (d)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``quantum
science'' and inserting ``quantum information science,
engineering, and technology,'';
(B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``, including
how each participant will develop and implement
outreach activities to increase the participation of
women and other students from groups historically
underrepresented in STEM'' before the semicolon;
(C) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' after
the semicolon;
(D) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period and
inserting ``; and''; and
(E) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraph:
``(F) how the Center will participate in
international collaborations, as appropriate, to build
a trusted global research network with allies and
partners of the United States and other countries that
share values with the United States, including respect
for international norms of fair competition.'';
(4) in subsection (e), by amending paragraph (2) to read as
follows:
``(2) Reapplication.--An awardee may reapply for an
additional, subsequent period of 5 years following a
successful, merit-based review.''; and
(5) in subsection (f)--
(A) by striking ``established'' and inserting
``supported''; and
(B) by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting
``2024 through 2028''.
SEC. 15. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORKFORCE (QREW)
COORDINATION HUB.
Title III of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841 et
seq.) is amended by addind at the end the following new sections:
``SEC. 303. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORKFORCE (QREW)
COORDINATION HUB.
``(a) In General.--The Director of the National Science Foundation,
in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of
other relevant Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall
make an award to a consortium led by an institution of higher education
or an eligible nonprofit organization to establish a Quantum
Reskilling, Education, and Workforce Coordination Hub (in this section
referred to as the `Hub').
``(b) Consortium.--The Consortium established pursuant to
subsection (a) shall include not fewer than four institutions of higher
education, including not fewer than two community colleges, and may
include career and technical schools, nonprofit organizations, and
private sector entities.
``(c) Purpose.--The purpose of this Hub shall be to--
``(1) identify and address cross-cutting workforce
development challenges in quantum information science,
engineering, and technology, and the quantum industry, by
serving as a national and regional clearinghouse; and
``(2) facilitate the establishment of programs to
disseminate to institutions of higher education and career and
technical education entities model curricula, best practices,
and instructional materials.
``(d) Activities.--The activities of the Hub may include the
following:
``(1) Testing, implementing, scaling, disseminating, and
standardizing materials, methods, best practices, and other
outputs developed through activities under this Act.
``(2) Increasing the integration of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology content into STEM
curricula at all education levels, including career and
technical education programs.
``(3) Providing opportunities for STEM degree students to
provide feedback on quantum information science, engineering,
and technology curricula.
``(4) Facilitating post-education employment opportunities
and workforce pathways for STEM degree recipients in quantum-
related industries, including by facilitating opportunities for
internships, externships, fellowships, and other such
activities as determined by the Director, including through the
establishment and maintenance of a publicly accessible online
portal.
``(5) Coordinating with quantum industry and nonprofit
entities to inform and enhance the quality and availability of
quantum education in STEM degree programs, including through
the promotion of post-graduation opportunities for STEM
students outside the classroom to increase exposure to quantum
industries.
``(6) Supporting activities and programs to enhance the
recruitment of students from groups historically
underrepresented in STEM to pursue undergraduate and graduate
studies in quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.
``(7) Developing, testing, implementing, and coordinating
career development programs and strategies for pre-university
and university educators for the purpose of increasing the
number of quantum-informed educators at all levels of
education, including by carrying out the following:
``(A) Hosting career development workshops.
``(B) Developing in-house and distance learning
career development tools for public use.
``(C) Facilitating access to related quantum
technology, tools, and resources.
``(D) Developing training, research, and
professional development programs, including innovative
pre-service and in-service programs.
``(E) Facilitating relationships with State and
local entities to increase awareness of and promote
quantum-related career development activities at the
Hub.
``(8) Establishing a framework for performing ongoing
regular data collection and analysis for the quantum workforce
to report on trends, and perform other activities that expand
the understanding of the current and future needs of the
quantum industry, and education capacity or readiness of the
pipeline. Such activities shall complement or align with, as
relevant, authorized quantum and STEM workforce studies under
section 10661(d) of the Research and Development, Competition,
and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261(d)).
``(9) Facilitating public education and outreach activities
to enhance the understanding and awareness of quantum
information science, engineering, and technology to a boarder
community to satisfy broader impact requirements of award
applications.
``(10) Encouraging coordination on quantum education in the
broader STEM community.
``(e) QREW Quantum Fellowship Program.--Subject to the restrictions
outlined in subsection (c)(2) of section 401, the Hub may establish and
administer a program to support education or policy fellowships for
students at entities participating in the consortium under subsection
(a) or at other research centers established pursuant to this Act at
the National Science Foundation, the National Institute of Standards
and Technology, the Department of Energy, or the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration, for the purpose of supporting the activities
described in subsection (d)(4).
``(f) Industry Coordination.--The Hub shall collaborate with the
Quantum Economic Development Consortium established in section 301 or
other industry consortia to identify, publish, facilitate, or enable
quantum-related education and workforce development opportunities as
described in subsections (c) and (d).
``(g) Application.--A consortium seeking funding under this section
shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an
application at such time, in such manner, and containing such
information as the Director may require. Each application shall include
a description of how the consortium shall carry out the following:
``(1) Contribute to the success of the Hub and fulfill the
purposes of the Hub.
``(2) Include industry participation in fulfilling the
purposes of the Hub.
``(3) Collaborate with other members to share expertise in
integrating quantum information science, engineering, and
technology into existing STEM programs and other relevant
fields and disciplines.
``(4) Support long-term and short-term workforce
development in the quantum field.
``(5) Develop and implement outreach activities to increase
the participation of women and other students from groups
historically underrepresented in STEM.
``(h) Selection and Duration.--
``(1) In general.--The Hub established under this section
is authorized to carry out activities for a period of 5 years.
``(2) Reapplication.--An awardee may reapply for an
additional, subsequent period of 5 years following a
successful, merit-based review.
``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the
National Science Foundation, the Director of the National
Science Foundation may terminate the Hub if it is
underperforming during the performance period.
``(i) Coordination.--The Hub shall coordinate with other research
centers established under this Act at the National Science Foundation,
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Department of
Energy, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and
other relevant Federal agencies, as appropriate, on activities and
resources.
``(j) Funding.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation shall allocate up to $10,000,000 for the Hub for
each of fiscal years 2024-2028, subject to the availability of
appropriations.
``(2) Source.--Amounts made available to carry out this
section shall be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise
made available to the National Science Foundation.
``SEC. 304. QUANTUM TESTBEDS.
``(a) In General.--The Director of the National Science Foundation,
in coordination with the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of
other Federal agencies, as determined appropriate by the Director of
the National Science Foundation, shall make awards on a competitive,
merit-reviewed basis to institutions of higher education, nonprofit
organizations, or consortia thereof, to establish and operate testbeds
for quantum applications research and development.
``(b) Purposes.--The quantum testbeds established under subsection
(a) shall focus on advancing research and development for near-term and
medium-term quantum application use cases by providing accessible
research resources to academia and industry for developing and testing
such use cases, including through proof-of-concept testing,
demonstrations, pilot projects, and prototyping.
``(c) Application. Proposals.--An applicant for an award under this
section shall submit to the Director a proposal at such time, in such
manner, and containing such information as the Director may reasonably
require. The proposal shall, at a minimum, describe the following:
``(1) How the applicant will assemble a workforce,
including from populations that are historically
underrepresented in STEM, with the skills needed to operate a
quantum testbed.
``(2) How the applicant will ensure broad access to a
quantum testbed, including for start-ups and small businesses.
``(3) How a quantum testbed will operate after Federal
funding has ended.
``(d) Roles and Responsibilities.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation shall be responsible for the following:
``(1) Maintaining a record of notable outcomes from each
quantum testbed established under this section.
``(2) Partnering with other Federal agencies to enable
opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes to be appropriately
taken up by such agencies in alignment with the missions of
such agencies.
``(3) Not later than one year after the date of the
enactment of this section and every two years thereafter until
December 31, 2030, briefing the appropriate committees of
Congress on the success of such quantum testbeds and providing
recommendations for improving such quantum testbeds.
``(e) Coordination.--In establishing quantum testbeds under this
section, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure
coordination with other testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting
Federal quantum technology and infrastructure supported by the National
Science Foundation, including those authorized pursuant to section
10390 of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act
(Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 10990), or by other Federal agencies as
determined appropriate by the Director, to avoid duplication and
maximize use of Federal resources.
``(f) Stakeholder Collaboration.--In carrying out this section, the
Director of the National Science Foundation shall collaborate with the
Quantum Economic Development Consortium established pursuant to section
301 to accomplish the purposes of the quantum testbeds program
described in paragraph (b) and ensure there is strong collaboration
with industry stakeholders. The Director may also engage with National
Laboratories, federally funded research and development centers,
industry, and other members of the United States quantum ecosystem.
``(g) Geographic Diversity.--The Director shall ensure regional and
geographic diversity in issuing awards under this section.
``(h) Funding.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation shall allocate up to $50,000,000 for the
establishment and operation of quantum testbeds under this
section for each fiscal years 2024 through 2028, subject to the
availability of appropriations.
``(2) Source.--Amounts made available to carry out this
section shall be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise
made available to the National Science Foundation.''.
SEC. 16. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH
PROGRAM.
Section 401 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851)
is amended--
(1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall carry out a
research, development, and demonstration program on quantum information
science, engineering, and technology.'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, engineering,
and technology'' after ``science'';
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), and (5)
as paragraphs (5), (6), and (7), respectively;
(C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following
new paragraphs:
``(3) operate National Quantum Information Science Research
Centers to accelerate and scale up scientific and technical
breakthroughs in quantum information science, engineering, and
technology, and maintain state-of-the-art infrastructure for
quantum researchers and industry partners, in accordance with
section 202;
``(4) conduct cooperative research with industry, National
Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other
research institutions to facilitate the development and
demonstration of quantum information science, engineering, and
technology, including in the fields of--
``(A) quantum information theory;
``(B) quantum physics;
``(C) quantum computational science, including
hardware and software, including artificial
intelligence, machine learning and data science;
``(D) applied mathematics and algorithm
development;
``(E) quantum communications and networking,
including hardware and software for quantum
communications and networking;
``(F) quantum sensing and detection;
``(G) materials science and engineering;
``(H) quantum modeling and simulation, including
molecular modeling;
``(I) near- and long-term application development
in a range of areas as determined by the Secretary,
such as materials discovery, cybersecurity, energy
storage and electric grid management. financial
modeling, energy storage, traffic optimization, and
improved weather climate forecasting;
``(J) quantum chemistry;
``(K) quantum biology;
``(L) superconductive and high-performance
microelectronics; and
``(M) quantum security technologies;'';
(D) by amending paragraph (5), as so redesignated,
to read as follows:
``(5) provide research experiences and training for
additional undergraduate and graduate students in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology, including in
the fields specified in paragraph (4);'';
(E) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated--
(i) in subparagraph (E), by striking
``and'' after the semicolon;
(ii) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as
subparagraph (J); and
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph (E)
the following new subparagraphs:
``(F) the Office of Electricity;
``(G) the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security,
and Emergency Response;
``(H) the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon
Management;
``(I) the Office of Technology Transitions; and'';
(F) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by
striking the period and inserting ``and other relevant
efforts as defined by the Secretary of Energy; and'';
and
(G) by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
``(8) leverage the collective body of knowledge and data,
including experience and resources from existing Federal
research activities and commercially available quantum
computing hardware and software to the extent practicable.'';
and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
``(c) Quantum High Performance Computing Strategic Plan.--Not later
than one year after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the
Secretary of Energy shall submit to Congress a report containing a 10-
year strategic plan to guide Federal programs in designing, expanding,
commercializing, and procuring hybrid, high performance computing
systems featuring the ability to integrate a diverse set of resources,
including artificial intelligence, and machine learning accelerated by
quantum supercomputers to enable the Department of Energy's computing
facilities to continuously advance computing resources. Such strategic
plan shall include the following:
``(1) A conceptual plan to leverage capabilities and
infrastructure from the exascale computing program, as the
Secretary of Energy determines necessary.
``(2) A plan to minimize disruptions to the advanced
scientific computing workforce.
``(3) A consideration of a diversity of quantum computing
modalities.
``(4) A plan to integrate cloud access of commercially
available quantum hardware and software to complement on-
premises high performance computing systems and resources
consistent with section 404 of the CHIPS and Science Act.
``(d) Industry Outreach.--In carrying out the program under
subsection (a) the Secretary of Energy shall support the quantum
technology industry and promote commercialization of applications of
quantum technology relevant to the Department's activities by carrying
out the following:
``(1) Educating--
``(A) the energy industry on near term and
commercially available quantum technologies; and
``(B) the quantum industry on potential energy
applications.
``(2) Accelerating the advancements of the United States
quantum computing, communications, and networking, sensing and
security capabilities to protect and optimize the energy
sector.
``(3) Advancing relevant domestic supply chains,
manufacturing capabilities, and associated simulations or
modeling capabilities.
``(4) Facilitating commercialization of quantum
technologies from the Department of Energy national labs and
engaging with the Quantum Economic Development Consortium and
other organizations, as applicable, to transition component
technologies to help facilitate, as appropriate, the
development of a quantum supply chain.
``(e) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the
Department of Energy's Office of Science in section 10102(a)(4) of the
Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law
117-167), there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to
carry out the activities under this section up to $130,000,000 for each
fiscal years 2024 through 2027.''.
SEC. 17. DOE QUANTUM INSTRUMENTATION AND FOUNDRY PROGRAM.
Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et
seq.) is amended by inserting after section 401 the following new
section:
``SEC. 401A. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INSTRUMENTATION AND FOUNDRY
PROGRAM.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall establish an
instrumentation and infrastructure program to carry out the following:
``(1) Maintain United States leadership in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Develop domestic quantum supply chains.
``(3) Provide resources for the broader scientific
community.
``(4) Support activities carried out under sections 401,
403, and 404.
``(b) Program Components.--In carrying out the program under
subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall develop, design, build,
purchase, and commercialize specialized equipment, laboratory
infrastructure, and state-of-the-art instrumentation to advance quantum
engineering research and the development of quantum component
technologies at a scale sufficient to meet the needs of the scientific
community and enable commercialization of quantum technology.
``(c) Quantum Foundries.--In carrying out the program under
subsection (a), and in coordination partnership with institutions of
higher education and industry, the Secretary of Energy shall support
the development of quantum foundries focused on meeting the device,
hardware, software, and materials needs of the scientific community and
the quantum supply chain.
``(d) Funding.--The Secretary of Energy shall allocate up to
$25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028 to carry out
this section, subject to the availability of appropriations. Amounts
made available to carry out this section shall be derived from amounts
appropriated or otherwise made available to the Department of Energy's
Office of Science.''.
SEC. 18. NATIONAL QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTERS.
Section 402 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8852)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in the heading, by striking ``Establishment''
and inserting ``reauthorization'';
(B) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``establish'' and inserting
``maintain'';
(ii) by striking ``basic'';
(iii) by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science,
engineering, and technology, expand capacity
for the domestic quantum workforce,''; and
(iv) by striking ``section 401'' and
inserting ``sections 401, 403, and 404''; and
(C) in paragraph (2)(C), by inserting ``that may
include one or more commercial entities,'' after
``collaborations,'';
(2) in subsection (b), by inserting ``, and should be
inclusive of the variety of viable quantum technologies, where
appropriate'' before the period;
(3) in subsection (c), by inserting ``, engineering, and
technology, accelerating quantum workforce development,'' after
``science'';
(4) in subsection (d)(1)--
(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' after
the semicolon;
(B) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as
subparagraph (E); and
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the
following new subparagraph:
``(D) the Office of Technology Transitions; and'';
(5) in subsection (e), by amending paragraph (2) to read as
follows:
``(2) Renewal.--Each Center established under this section
may be renewed for an additional period of 5 years following a
successful, merit-based review and approval by the Director.'';
and
(6) in subsection (f)--
(A) by striking ``$25,000,000'' and inserting
``$35,000,000''; and
(B) by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting
``2024 through 2028''.
SEC. 19. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.
Section 403 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8853)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (4)--
(i) by inserting ``, including'' after
``networking''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and
inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new
paragraphs:
``(6) where applicable, leverage a diversity of modalities
and commercially available quantum hardware and software; and
``(7) develop education and training pathways related to
quantum network infrastructure investments, aligned with
existing programmatic investments by the Department of
Energy.''; and
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and
(D) as subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively;
and
(ii) by inserting after subparagraph (B)
the following new subparagraph:
``(C) the Administrator of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration;'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting
``ground-to-space and'' after ``channels,'';
(ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking
``photon-based'' and inserting ``all applicable
modalities of'';
(iii) in subparagraph (F), by inserting ``,
quantum sensors,'' after ``quantum repeaters'';
(iv) in subparagraph (G)--
(I) by inserting ``data centers,''
after ``repeaters,''; and
(II) by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(v) in subparagraph (H)--
(I) by striking ``the quantum
technology stack'' and inserting
``quantum technology modality stacks'';
and
(II) by striking ``National
Laboratories in'' and inserting
``National Laboratories such as''; and
(vi) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraph:
``(I) development of quantum network and
entanglement distribution protocols or applications,
including development of network stack protocols and
protocols enabling integration with existing
technologies or infrastructure; and
``(J) development of high efficiency room-
temperature photon detectors for quantum photonic
applications, including quantum networking and
communications;'';
(C) in paragraph (4)--
(i) by striking ``basic''; and
(ii) by striking ``material'' and inserting
``materials''; and
(D) in paragraph (5), by striking ``fundamental'';
and
(3) in subsection (d), by striking ``basic research'' and
inserting ``research, development, and demonstration''.
SEC. 20. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPANSION FOR SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.
Section 404 of the of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15
U.S.C. 8854) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
striking ``and quantum computing clouds'' and inserting
``, software, and cloud-based quantum'';
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(C) in paragraph (4), by striking the period and
inserting a semicolon; and
(D) by adding at the end the following new
paragraphs:
``(5) to enable development of software and applications,
including estimation of resources needed to scale applications;
and
``(6) to develop near-term quantum applications to solve
public and private sector problems.'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and
inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by at the end the following new paragraphs:
``(6) enables users to develop algorithms, software tools,
simulators, and applications for quantum systems using cloud-
based quantum computers; and
``(7) partner with appropriate public and private sector
entities to develop training and education opportunities on
prototype and early-state devices.'';
(3) in subsection (c)--
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7),
and (8) and paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (8), and (9),
respectively; and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following
new paragraph:
``(4) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration;''; and
(4) in subsection (e)--
(A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and
inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
``(6) $38,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.''.
SEC. 21. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
ACTIVITIES.
The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by adding at the end
the following new title:
``TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
ACTIVITIES
``SEC. 501. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH FOR SPACE AND AERONAUTICS.
``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration is authorized to carry out basic and applied
research on quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
``(b) Cooperation.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration--
``(1) shall consider cooperative arrangements with the
Department of Energy and other Federal Government agencies, as
practicable, on areas of shared benefit; and
``(2) may enter into memoranda of understanding or
memoranda of agreement to establish such cooperative
arrangements.
``(c) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this title, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration shall submit to the appropriate committees of
Congress a strategy for National Aeronautics and Space Administration
basic and applied research on quantum information science, engineering,
and technology. The strategy shall identify resources required to
support implementation of the strategy, including budgets, workforce,
and infrastructure, describe cooperative efforts with other Federal
Government agencies, and address areas of research and applications,
including the following:
``(1) Quantum sensing.
``(2) Quantum networking.
``(3) Quantum communications, including quantum satellite
communications.
``(4) Quantum computing.
``(5) Science, aeronautics, and exploration-related
applications.
``(6) Any other area on quantum information, science,
engineering, and technology the Administrator determines
necessary.
``(d) Consultation.--In developing the strategy described in
subsection (c), the Administrator may seek input from relevant external
stakeholders, including institutions of higher education, industry, and
nonprofit research organizations.
``SEC. 502. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
INSTITUTE.
``(a) In General.--Subject to the availability of appropriations,
the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
in consultation with the heads of other Federal departments and
agencies, as appropriate, may establish and operate an institute
focused on space and aeronautics applications of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology.
``(b) Institute Details.--
``(1) Competitive, merit-reviewed process.--The institute
under this section shall be established through a competitive,
merit-reviewed process.
``(2) Applications.--An eligible applicant under this
section shall submit to the Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration an application at such
time, in such manner, and containing such information as the
Administrator determines to be appropriate.
``(3) Eligible applicants.--The Administrator of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall consider
applications from institutions of higher education, research
centers, multi-institutional collaborations, and any other
entity that the Administrator determines to be appropriate.
``(4) Collaborations.--A collaboration that receives an
award under this section may include multiple types of research
institutions, private sector entities, and nonprofit
organizations.
``(5) Coordination.--The Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration shall ensure an awardee
under this section coordinates with, and avoids unnecessary
duplication of, the activities carried out under this section
with existing activities of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, other activities carried out under this Act,
and other related programs, as appropriate.
``(6) Commercial technology.--The institute under this
section may leverage commercially-available hardware and
software to carry out the activities described in subsection
(c).
``(c) Institute Activities.--The institute under this section may
carry out activities that--
``(1) support basic and applied research focused on
developing space and aeronautics applications for quantum
information science, engineering, and technology, including as
related to the results of the strategy under section 501(c);
and
``(2) support quantum information science, engineering, and
technology education and public outreach.
``(d) Institute Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable,
the institute under this section shall serve the needs of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, for the benefit of the broader
United States quantum information science community, to create and
develop processes for the purpose of advancing space and aeronautics
applications in quantum information science, engineering, and
technology, and improving the competitiveness of the United States.
``(e) Institute Selection and Duration.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, the institute under this section may carry out
activities for a period of 5 years.
``(2) Reapplication.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, an awardee may reapply for an additional,
subsequent period of 5 years following a successful, merit-
based review.
``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration may terminate the institute for cause during the
performance period.
``SEC. 503. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
``The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration shall allocate up to $25,000,000 for each of fiscal
years 2024 through 2028 to carry out this title, subject to the
availability of appropriations. Amounts made available to carry out
this title shall be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made
available to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.''.
SEC. 22. CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.
The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National Quantum
Initiative Act is amended as follows:
(1) By inserting after the item relating to section 105 the
following new item:
``Sec. 105A. International Quantum Cooperation Strategy.''.
(2) By inserting after the item relating to section 201 the
following new items:
``Sec. 202. National Institute of Standards and Technology Quantum
Centers.''
(3) By inserting after the item relating to section 302 the
following new items:
``Sec. 303. Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce (QREW)
Coordination Hub.
``Sec. 304. Quantum testbeds.''
(4) By inserting after the item relating to section 401 the
following new item:
``Sec. 401A. Department of Energy Quantum Instrumentation and Foundry
Program.''.
(5) By adding at the end the following new items:
``TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
ACTIVITIES
``Sec. 501. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology
research for space and aeronautics.
``Sec. 502. National Aeronautics and Space Administration quantum
institute.
``Sec. 503. Authorization of appropriations.''.
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