To provide for the reform and continuation of agricultural and other programs of the Department of Agriculture through fiscal year 2029, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

(a) Short title.—This Act may be cited as the “Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024”.

(A) in subparagraph (B), by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(C) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking “The term ‘effective reference price’, with respect to a covered commodity for a crop year,” and inserting the following:

“(A) 2019 THROUGH 2024 CROP YEARS.—The term ‘effective reference price’, with respect to a covered commodity for any of the 2019 through 2024 crop years,”; and

“(B) 2025 THROUGH 2029 CROP YEARS.—The term ‘effective reference price’, with respect to a covered commodity for any of the 2025 through 2029 crop years, means the lesser of the following:

“(i) An amount equal to 115 percent of the reference price for such covered commodity.

“(II) 85 percent of the average of the marketing year average price of the covered commodity for the most recent 5 crop years.”; and

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (O) as clauses (i) through (xv), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking “The term” and all that follows through “the following:” and inserting the following:

“(A) 2019 THROUGH 2023 CROP YEARS.—The term ‘reference price’, with respect to a covered commodity for each of crop years 2019 through 2023, means the following:”; and

“(B) 2024 THROUGH 2029 CROP YEARS.—The term ‘reference price’, with respect to a covered commodity for each of crop years 2024 through 2029, means the following:

(1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as subsections (c) through (e), respectively;

“(1) DEFINITION OF UNDERSERVED FARMER OF COVERED COMMODITIES.—In this subsection, the term ‘underserved farmer of covered commodities’ means an underserved producer (as defined in section 508(a)(7)(A) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(7)(A))) or a limited resource or economically distressed farmer (as determined by the Secretary) of 1 or more covered commodities.

“(2) OPPORTUNITY TO INCREASE BASE ACRES.—As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall provide a 1-time opportunity for an underserved farmer of covered commodities to increase base acres on a farm if—

“(i) is an operator on the farm and provides a significant contribution of active personal labor on the farm, as determined by the Secretary; or

“(ii) has a significant ownership share of the farm or a business producing covered commodities on the farm, as determined by the Secretary; and

“(B) the average number of acres on the farm planted or prevented from planting as described in subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, of paragraph (3)(A)(i) to covered commodities during the 2018 through 2022 crop years is greater than the number of base acres on the farm.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (B), the number of base acres added to a farm under paragraph (2) shall be equal to the difference between—

“(I) the 5-year average of the acreage planted on the farm to all covered commodities for harvest, grazing, haying, silage, or other similar purposes for the 2018 through 2022 crop years, according to records submitted to the Farm Service Agency or the Risk Management Agency; and

“(II) the 5-year average of any acreage on the farm that was prevented from planting to 1 or more covered commodities during the 2018 through 2022 crop years because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster, or other condition beyond the control of the producers, as determined by the Secretary, according to records submitted to the Farm Service Agency or the Risk Management Agency; and

“(i) MAXIMUM.—Not more than 160 base acres shall be added to any farm under paragraph (2).

“(ii) PROHIBITION ON RECONSTITUTION OF FARM.—The Secretary shall ensure that producers on a farm do not reconstitute the farm for the purpose of increasing the number of base acres added to the farm under paragraph (2).

“(C) DISTRIBUTION.—Base acres added to a farm under paragraph (2) shall be added to the base acreage of each covered commodity on the farm in the proportion that—

“(i) the acreage planted or prevented from planting to the covered commodity on the farm; bears to

“(ii) the acreage planted or prevented from planting to all covered commodities on the farm.

“(4) REDUCTION OF BASE ACRES.—If an underserved farmer of covered commodities on a farm for which base acres have been increased under paragraph (2) does not own or operate the farm for any of the 2025 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary shall reduce the number of base acres on the farm eligible for payment for that crop year by the number of base acres added to the farm under paragraph (2), in the same proportion among covered commodities on the farm described in paragraph (3)(C).”;

(3) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting “and any addition of base acres under subsection (b)” after “subsection (a)”;

(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting “and any addition of base acres under subsection (b)” after “subsection (a)”; and

(B) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking “subsection (b)(1)(C)” and inserting “subsection (c)(1)(C)”; and

(5) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (3)(A), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(1) in subsection (b), by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through “In the case” in paragraph (4) and inserting the following:

“(c) Effect of lack of payment yield.—In the case of a covered commodity on a farm for which base acres have been established, if no payment yield is otherwise established for the covered commodity on the farm, the payment yield shall be equal to the greater of—

“(1) 90 percent of the average of the yield per planted acre for the crop of covered commodities on the farm for the most recent 5 crop years, as determined by the Secretary, excluding any crop year in which the acreage planted to the covered commodity was zero; and

“(2) the payment yields applicable to that covered commodity for similarly situated farms, as determined by the Secretary.”.

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “In the case” and inserting “Effective for the 2014 through 2018 crop years, in the case”;

(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “With respect to” and inserting “Effective for the 2014 through 2018 crop years, with respect to”; and

(C) in paragraph (3), by striking “When generic base acres” and inserting “Effective for the 2014 through 2018 crop years, when generic base acres”; and

(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting “, fava beans,” after “mung beans”; and

Section 1115 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9015) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(i) Continuity of elected coverage.—For the 2025 crop year and each crop year thereafter, the elected coverage in effect under this section for the previous crop year shall apply to a farm until a crop year for which an election change is made with respect to the farm under subsection (h).

“(j) Special rule for 2023 and 2024 crop years.—If the producers on the farm elected price loss coverage under section 1116 or agriculture risk coverage under section 1117(b)(1), or were deemed to have elected such coverage, for the 2023 and 2024 crops years, notwithstanding such election, the producers on the farm shall be deemed to have elected the coverage with the higher payment rate for each of the 2023 and 2024 crop years.”.

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “make the election” and all that follows through “subsection (c)(2) of such section,” and inserting “have elected or have been deemed to have elected price loss coverage under section 1115,”; and

(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”;

(i) in the subparagraph heading, by striking “2023” and inserting “2024”; and

“(II) the effective price determined under subsection (b) for the covered commodity; and

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

“(2) ADJUSTMENT FOR 2024 THROUGH 2029 CROP YEARS.—For the 2024 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary shall make an appropriate adjustment in the price loss coverage payment amount determined under paragraph (1) by subtracting from the payment amount any portion of the payment amount that would have been included in subparagraph (A)(i)(II)(cc), (B)(i)(II)(cc), (C)(i)(I)(bb)(BB), or (C)(ii)(I)(bb) of section 1503(e)(1) but for the timing of the price loss coverage payment.”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—If, before the end of the 12-month marketing year for a covered commodity for any of the 2024 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary projects that price loss coverage payments will be required for the crop of the covered commodity, the Secretary shall give producers on a farm the option to receive partial payments of the price loss coverage payments to be made for that crop of the covered commodity.

“(B) TIME FOR PARTIAL PAYMENTS.—When the Secretary makes partial payments available under subparagraph (A) for a covered commodity, the partial payment shall be made beginning February 1, or as soon as practicable thereafter, after the beginning of the applicable marketing year for the covered commodity.

“(C) AMOUNT OF PARTIAL PAYMENTS.—The partial payments under subparagraph (A) to the producers on a farm may not exceed 50 percent of the projected price loss coverage payment for the covered commodity for the crop year, as determined by the Secretary.

“(D) REPAYMENT.—The producers on a farm that receive a partial payment under subparagraph (A) for a crop year shall repay to the Secretary the amount, if any, by which the partial payments received by the producers on a farm exceed the actual price loss coverage payments to be made for the covered commodity for that crop year.”.

(A) by striking “make the election under section 1115(a) to obtain agriculture risk coverage,” and inserting “have elected or have been deemed to have elected agriculture risk coverage under section 1115,”; and

(B) by striking “years or the 2019 through 2023 crop years,” and inserting “years, the 2019 through 2023 crop years, or the 2024 through 2029 crop years,”;

“(A) 2014 THROUGH 2023 CROP YEARS.—For the 2014 through 2023 crop years, the agriculture”; and

“(B) 2024 THROUGH 2029 CROP YEARS.—For the 2024 through 2029 crop years, the agriculture risk coverage guarantee for a crop year for a covered commodity shall equal 88 percent of the benchmark revenue.”;

(i) in the subparagraph heading, by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”; and

(3) in subsection (d)(1), by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:

“(B) (i) for the 2014 through 2023 crop years, 10 percent of the benchmark revenue for the applicable crop year; or

“(ii) for the 2024 and subsequent crop years, 12.5 percent of the benchmark revenue for the applicable crop year.”;

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(ii) by striking “If agriculture risk coverage” and inserting the following:

“(2) ADJUSTMENT FOR 2024 THROUGH 2029 CROP YEARS.—For the 2024 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary shall make an appropriate adjustment in the agriculture risk coverage payment amount determined under paragraph (1) by subtracting from the payment amount any portion of the payment amount that would have been included in subparagraph (A)(i)(II)(cc), (B)(i)(II)(cc), (C)(i)(I)(bb)(BB), or (C)(ii)(I)(bb) of section 1503(e)(1) but for the timing of the agriculture risk coverage payment.”;

“(A) IN GENERAL.—If, before the end of the 12-month marketing year for a covered commodity for any of the 2024 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary projects that agriculture risk coverage payments will be required for the crop of the covered commodity, the Secretary shall give producers on a farm the option to receive partial payments of the agriculture risk coverage payments to be made for that crop of the covered commodity.

“(C) AMOUNT OF PARTIAL PAYMENTS.—The partial payments under subparagraph (A) to the producers on a farm may not exceed 50 percent of the projected agriculture risk coverage payment for the covered commodity for the crop year, as determined by the Secretary.

“(D) REPAYMENT.—The producers on a farm that receive a partial payment under subparagraph (A) for a crop year shall repay to the Secretary the amount, if any, by which the partial payments received by the producers on a farm exceed the actual agriculture risk coverage payments to be made for the covered commodity for that crop year.”;

(6) in subsection (g)(5), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”; and

(a) In general.—Section 1202 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9032) is amended—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “2023” and inserting “2024”; and

(B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2023” and inserting “2024”;

(2) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (d) and (e), respectively; and

“(c) 2025 and subsequent crop years.—Beginning with the 2025 crop year, the Secretary shall establish a loan rate for a marketing assistance loan under section 1201 for a loan commodity equal to the lesser of—

“(1) an amount equal to 110 percent of the loan rate for the loan commodity described in subsection (b); and

“(II) using data calculated and published by the Economic Research Service in the annual Farm Sector Income Forecast as first released for the applicable crop year, the quotient obtained by dividing—

“(AA) the forecasted crop input expenses (including interest, labor, property taxes, seed, fertilizer and lime, fuel, oil, electricity, pesticides, and net rent to landowners) for the applicable crop year; and

“(BB) the average of the crop input expenses for the 5-year period immediately preceding the applicable crop year; by

“(bb) the average of the crop input expenses described in item (aa)(AA) for the 5-year period immediately preceding the applicable crop year.”.

(b) Conforming amendment.—Section 1204(h)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034(h)(1)) is amended by striking “(a)(20) or (b)(20),” and inserting “(a)(20), (b)(20), or (c),”.

Section 1207(c)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9037(c)(2)) is amended—

(1) by striking “Effective beginning on August 1, 2013,” and inserting the following:

“(B) BEGINNING AUGUST 2025.—Effective beginning on August 1, 2025, the value of the assistance provided under paragraph (1) shall be 4 cents per pound.”.

(a) Nonrecourse marketing assistance loans.—Section 1201(b)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9031(b)(1)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(b) Repayment.—Section 1204 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034) is amended—

(1) in subsection (e)(2)(B), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “2024” and inserting “2030”; and

(1) EXTENSION.—Section 1205(a)(2)(B) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9035(a)(2)(B)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(2) PAYMENTS IN LIEU OF LDPS.—Section 1206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9036) is amended by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2029”.

(d) Special competitiveness provisions of extra long staple cotton.—Section 1208(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9038(a)) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2024” and inserting “2029”.

(e) Availability of recourse loans.—Section 1209 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9039) is amended by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2029”.

(1) SUGARCANE.—Section 156(a) of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272(a)) is amended—

(B) in paragraph (5), by striking “2023 crop years.” and inserting “2024 crop years; and”; and

“(6) 24.0 cents per pound for raw cane sugar for each of the 2025 through 2029 crop years.”.

(2) SUGAR BEETS.—Section 156(b) of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272(b)) is amended—

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “2023 crop years.” and inserting “2024 crop years; and”; and

“(3) a rate that is equal to 136.5 percent of the loan rate per pound of raw cane sugar for the applicable crop year under subsection (a) for each of the 2025 through 2029 crop years.”.

(3) EFFECTIVE PERIOD.—Section 156(i) of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272(i)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(b) Adjustments to Commodity Credit Corporation storage payment rates.—Section 167 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7287) is amended—

“(a) In general.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the 2025 crop year and each crop year thereafter, the Commodity Credit Corporation shall establish rates for the storage of forfeited sugar in an amount that is not less than—

“(2) in the case of raw cane sugar, 27 cents per hundredweight per month.”; and

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “Subsequent” and inserting “Prior”; and

(1) SUGAR ESTIMATES.—Section 359b(a)(1) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359bb(a)(1)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(2) ADJUSTMENT OF MARKETING ALLOTMENTS.—Section 359c(g)(2) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359cc(g)(2)) is amended—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in the case”; and

“(B) EXCEPTION.—If the Secretary makes an upward adjustment under paragraph (1)(A), in adjusting allocations among beet sugar processors, the Secretary shall give priority to beet sugar processors with available sugar.”.

(3) REASSIGNMENT OF DEFICITS.—Section 359e(b)(2) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359ee(b)(2)) is amended—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (C) as clauses (i) through (iii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking “If the Secretary” and inserting the following:

“(i) make an initial determination following publication of the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board for January that shall be applicable to the crop year for which allotments are required; and

“(ii) provide for any reassignment under subparagraph (A)(i) not later than 30 days after the date on which the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates described in clause (i) is released.”.

(4) ADMINISTRATION OF TARIFF RATE QUOTAS.—Section 359k of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359kk) is amended—

(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately; and

(ii) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking “Before April 1” and inserting the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall not increase the tariff-rate quota for raw cane sugar before April 1 of each fiscal year.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), before March 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall reallocate any forecasted shortfall in the fulfillment of the tariff-rate quotas for raw cane sugar established under subsection (a)(1) for the fiscal year.

“(2) CESSATION OF EFFECTIVENESS.—Paragraph (1) shall cease to be in effect if—

“(A) the Agreement Suspending the Countervailing Duty Investigation on Sugar from Mexico, signed December 19, 2014, is terminated; and

“(B) no countervailing duty order under subtitle A of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.) is in effect with respect to sugar from Mexico.”.

(5) EFFECTIVE PERIOD.—Section 359l(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359ll(a)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) Definitions.—Section 1401 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9051) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting “premium and supreme” before “alfalfa”;

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (10) as paragraphs (5) through (11), respectively; and

“(4) COVERED PRODUCTION.—The term ‘covered production’ means the covered production elected by a participating dairy operation under section 1406(a)(2).”.

(b) Calculation of average feed cost and actual dairy production margins.—Section 1402(a)(3) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9052(a)(3)) is amended by inserting “premium and supreme” before “alfalfa” each place it appears.

(c) Participation of dairy operations in dairy margin coverage.—Section 1404(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9054(b)) is amended—

“(2) ELECTION PERIOD FOR 2025 CALENDAR YEAR.—For the 2025 calendar year, the Secretary shall—

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively.

(d) Production history of participating dairy operations.—Section 1405 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9055) is amended—

“(a) In general.—Subject to subsections (c) and (d), with respect to a dairy operation that was in operation for at least 1 of the full 2021, 2022, and 2023 calendar years, the production history of the dairy operation for dairy margin coverage shall be equal to the highest annual milk marketings of the participating dairy operation during any 1 of the 2021, 2022, and 2023 calendar years.”;

(A) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “In the case” and inserting “Subject to subsections (c) and (d), in the case”;

(i) by striking “In the case” and inserting “Subject to subsections (c) and (d), in the case”;

(ii) by striking “prior to January 1, 2014,” and inserting “for at least 1 of the full 2021, 2022, and 2023 calendar years,”; and

(iii) by inserting “beginning after December 31, 2023,” after “1 calendar year”; and

(3) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (e) and (f), respectively; and

“(c) Adjustment.—The Secretary shall adjust the production history of a participating dairy operation determined under subsection (a) or (b) to reflect any increase in the national average milk production relative to the calendar year used to establish the production history of the participating dairy operation.

“(d) Continued applicability of base production history.—A production history established for a dairy operation under subsection (a) or (b) shall be the base production history for the dairy operation in subsequent years (as adjusted under subsection (c)).”.

(e) Dairy margin coverage payments.—Section 1406(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9056(a)) is amended—

(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking “5,000,000” each place it appears and inserting “6,000,000”; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “annually elect” and inserting “establish the covered production by annually electing”.

(f) Premiums for dairy margin coverage.—Section 1407 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057) is amended—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “5,000,000 pounds of production” and inserting “6,000,000 pounds of covered production”;

(ii) by striking “production history” and inserting “covered production”; and

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “production in excess of 5,000,000” and inserting “covered production in excess of 6,000,000”;

(ii) by striking “production history” and inserting “covered production”; and

(i) by striking “2019 through 2023” and inserting “2025 through 2029”; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2029”.

(g) Duration.—Section 1409 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9059) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(h) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall take effect on January 1, 2025.

(a) In general.—Section 1431 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9071) is amended—

(1) in the section heading by striking “Milk” and inserting “Dairy products”;

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “milk” and inserting “dairy products to recipient individuals and families”;

“(3) ELIGIBLE DAIRY PRODUCT.—The term ‘eligible dairy product’ means a product primarily made from milk, including fluid milk, that is produced and processed in the United States.”;

(D) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as paragraphs (3) and (2), respectively, and moving the paragraphs so as to appear in numerical order; and

(i) by striking “Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018” and inserting “Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024”; and

(B) in paragraph (1), by striking “milk” and inserting “dairy products”;

(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking “milk;” and inserting “dairy products; and”; and

“(B) describes whether an emergency or disaster was a substantial factor in the submission, including—

“(i) a declared or renewed public health emergency under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d); and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 15 days after receiving a donation and distribution plan under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—

“(B) PRIORITY.—In approving and disapproving donation and distribution plans under subparagraph (A)(ii), the Secretary shall give priority to plans for which an emergency or disaster was a substantial factor in the submission, as described under paragraph (1)(B).”;

(i) by striking “a participating partnership” and inserting “an eligible partnership for which the Secretary has approved a donation and distribution plan under subsection (c)(2)(A)(ii)”; and

(ii) by striking “qualified expenses described in subsection (e)” and inserting “expenses incurred in donating eligible dairy products”;

(B) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking “to demonstrate” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: “to demonstrate—

“(ii) the donation of the eligible dairy products to an eligible distributor.”;

“(A) shall set the price for a reimbursement under paragraph (1) at a value that—

“(i) is representative of the cost of the milk required to produce the eligible dairy product;

“(ii) is between the lowest and highest of the classes I, II, III, and IV milk prices on the date of the production of the eligible dairy product;

“(iv) will not interfere with the commercial marketing of milk or dairy products; and

“(B) may set appropriate reimbursement prices under subparagraph (A) for different eligible dairy products by class and region for the purpose of—

(E) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by striking “participating partnership” and inserting “eligible partnership described in paragraph (1)”;

(7) by redesignating subsections (g), (h), (i), and (j) as subsections (e), (f), (g), and (i), respectively;

(8) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (1), by striking “milk” and inserting “dairy products”; and

“(h) Publication of donation activity.—The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service, shall publish on the publicly accessible website of the Agricultural Marketing Service periodic reports describing donation activity under this section.”.

(b) Conforming amendment.—The heading for part III of subtitle D of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public Law 113–79; 128 Stat. 695; 132 Stat. 4519) is amended by striking “Milk” and inserting “Dairy products”.

(a) Forward pricing.—Section 1502(e) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8772(e)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “September 30, 2023” and inserting “December 31, 2029”; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “September 30, 2027” and inserting “December 31, 2034”.

(b) Indemnity program.—Section 3 of Public Law 90–484 (7 U.S.C. 4553) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(c) Promotion and research.—Section 113(e)(2) of the Dairy Production Stabilization Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 4504(e)(2)) is amended, in the second sentence, by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) Improved data collection for organic dairy.—Section 7407(b) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 5925c(b)) is amended—

(2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(4) with respect to the collection and reporting of data on the production and marketing of organic dairy products—

“(A) collect and publish cost-of-production data for organic milk, through support from regional and national programs, including regularly reported data relating to—

“(B) establish an Organic All Milk Prices Survey conducted by the National Agricultural Statistics Service for the purpose of gathering and reporting monthly data relating to the prices organic dairy farmers are paid for organic milk and prices received for organic dairy cows, including—

“(ii) data relating to, at a minimum, the 6 regions with the greatest quantity of organic dairy production; and

“(C) periodically report on organic milk, under which the Secretary, using data collected by the National Agricultural Statistics Service, the Economic Research Service, or the Agricultural Marketing Service, shall publish periodic reports relating to data for organic milk, which shall be equivalent to data reported for conventionally produced milk.”.

(b) Mandatory reporting for dairy products.—Section 273 of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1637b) is amended—

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

“(C) for each manufacturer required to report under subparagraph (A) for any product, require that manufacturer to report production cost and product yield information, as determined by the Secretary, for all products processed in the same facility or facilities; and

“(D) require any manufacturer of such other dairy products as determined by the Secretary to report production cost and product yield information in the same manner as under subparagraph (C), for the purpose of providing information for the regulatory or administrative establishment of pricing rules.”; and

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “Electronic reporting” and inserting “Reporting”;

(B) in paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking “this section” each place it appears and inserting “subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (b)(1)”; and

“(3) DAIRY PRODUCT PROCESSING COSTS.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this paragraph, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall publish a report containing the information obtained under subparagraphs (C) and (D) of subsection (b)(1).”.

(a) Definitions.—Section 1501 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081) is amended—

(i) by redesignating clauses (iii) through (v) as clauses (iv) through (vi), respectively; and

“(iii) an alien who has applied for employment authorization and is authorized to accept employment pursuant to section 274a.12(c)(33) of title 8, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation);”; and

(B) in paragraph (4)(G), by striking “livestock,” and inserting “livestock (including unweaned livestock),”;

(2) by striking the section designation and heading and all that follows through “section:” in the matter preceding paragraph (1) of subsection (a) and inserting the following:

(3) in subsection (b), by striking the subsection designation and heading and inserting the following:

(1) Subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081 et seq.) is amended, in the subtitle heading, by inserting “and emergency” after “supplemental”.

(2) Section 1502 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (as designated by subsection (a)(3)) is amended—

(A) by redesignating subsections (c) through (f) as subsections (b) through (e), respectively;

(B) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (1), by striking “subsection (b) or (c)” and inserting “subsection (a) or (b)”; and

(C) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (2), by striking “subsection (c)” and inserting “subsection (b)”.

(3) Section 12512(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 5856(b)) is amended—

(a) Livestock indemnity program.—Section 1502(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (as designated by section 1501(a)(3)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting “during the time of the year that the livestock death losses occurred” after “normal mortality”;

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Indemnity payments to an eligible producer on a farm under paragraph (1) shall be made at a rate of the applicable percentage described in subparagraph (B) of the market value of the affected livestock, as determined under subparagraph (C), on, as applicable—

“(ii) the day before the date of the event that caused the harm to the livestock that resulted in a reduced sale price.

“(ii) in the case of a payment under subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1), 75 percent.

“(C) DETERMINATION OF MARKET VALUES.—The Secretary shall determine the market value of the affected livestock under subparagraph (A)—

“(5) WEIGHT CATEGORIES.—For the purposes of establishing weight categories to carry out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall establish categories with weights not less than those described in section 1416.302 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this paragraph), with respect to livestock described in section 1501(4)(A).

“(6) NORMAL MORTALITY FOR HONEY BEES.—In determining honey bee normal mortality, the Secretary shall not include losses caused by colony collapse disorder.”.

(b) Emergency assistance for livestock, honey bees, and farm-Raised fish.—Section 1502(c)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (as designated by section 1501(b)(2)(A)) is amended by striking “reduce losses” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: “reduce—

“(A) losses caused by feed or water shortages (including, in the case of drought, transportation costs for feed, water, livestock, and honey bees), disease, or other factors, as determined by the Secretary, including inspections of cattle tick fever; and

(c) Tree assistance program.—Section 1502(d) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (as designated by section 1501(b)(2)(A)) is amended—

(C) in subparagraph (D), by striking “bush, and vine” and inserting “a bush, a vine, and any other fruit-producing crop that is not planted on an annual basis, as determined by the Secretary”;

(A) in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting “carry out this subsection and” before “provide”; and

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking “15 percent (adjusted for normal mortality)” and inserting “normal mortality”;

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “(4) and (5)” and inserting “(4), (5), and (6)”;

(B) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking “15 percent mortality (adjusted for normal mortality)” and inserting “normal mortality”; and

(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking “15 percent damage or mortality (adjusted for normal tree damage and mortality)” and inserting “normal tree damage or mortality”; and

“(5) PAYMENT RATE FOR COVERED PRODUCERS.—Subject to paragraph (4), in the case of a covered producer, the Secretary shall provide reimbursement of 75 percent of the costs under subparagraphs (A)(i) and (B) of paragraph (3).

“(6) TIMING REQUIREMENTS.—An eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower shall agree, as a condition on receipt of assistance under this subsection, to carry out any replacement and rehabilitation activities for which such assistance is provided not later than—

“(B) if the period specified in subparagraph (A) is not adequate, such time as is determined by the Secretary.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—An eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower receiving assistance under this subsection with respect to tree loss may, with the approval of the Secretary, use such assistance to replant using—

“(iii) an alternative stand density from the stand density used prior to the loss; and

“(B) COST SHARE LIMITATIONS WITH RESPECT TO ALTERNATIVES.—The assistance provided by the Secretary to eligible orchardists and nursery tree growers—

“(i) for a use described in subparagraph (A)(i) shall be in an amount that is not greater than the amount the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower would receive if the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower replanted using the variety lost;

“(ii) for a use described in subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be in an amount that is not greater than the amount the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower would receive if the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower replanted using the crop lost;

“(iii) for a use described in subparagraph (A)(iii) shall be in an amount that is not greater than the amount the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower would receive if the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower replanted using the stand density lost; and

“(iv) for a use described in subparagraph (A)(iv) shall be in an amount that is not greater than the amount the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower would receive if the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower replanted in the location in which the loss occurred.”.

Subtitle E of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081 et seq.) (as amended by section 1501(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) COVERED CROP.—The term ‘covered crop’ means crops, trees, bushes, and vines.

“(A) a natural disaster designated by the Secretary under section 321(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1961(a));

“(B) a major disaster or emergency designated by the President under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.);

“(C) a quarantine imposed by the Secretary under the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.) or the animal quarantine laws (as defined in section 2509(f) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (21 U.S.C. 136a(f)));

“(D) a physical loss notification by the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency under section 759.6(a)(2) of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation); or

“(E) any other disruption outside of the control of an eligible producer on a farm that results in a significant loss of production or revenue, as determined by the Secretary.

“(i) the revenue used to calculate the liability for the Federal Crop Insurance; or

“(ii) a higher amount, as determined by the Secretary, to reflect costs of production that exceed the insured value of the covered crop;

“(B) in the case of covered crops covered under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program—

“(ii) a higher amount, as determined by the Secretary, to reflect costs of production that exceed the coverage for the covered crop; and

“(C) in the case of covered crops that are neither insured under Federal Crop Insurance nor covered under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program, the expected revenue for the covered crop, as determined by the Secretary, which the Secretary may adjust to reflect costs of production that exceed the expected revenue for the covered crop.

“(4) FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE.—The term ‘Federal Crop Insurance’ means any crop insurance program, policy, or plan of insurance under the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.).

“(5) NET CROP INSURANCE INDEMNITY.—The term ‘net crop insurance indemnity’ means the difference between—

“(A) the indemnity paid to an eligible producer on a farm under Federal Crop Insurance; and

“(B) the cost to the eligible producer on a farm for that Federal Crop Insurance.

“(6) NET NONINSURED CROP DISASTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM PAYMENT.—The term ‘net noninsured crop disaster assistance program payment’ means the difference between—

“(A) the payment received by an eligible producer on a farm for coverage under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program; and

“(7) NONINSURED CROP DISASTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.—The term ‘Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program’ means the program under section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333).

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘qualified loss’ means a production or value loss in a covered crop incurred by an eligible producer on a farm as a consequence of a disaster.

“(i) a loss incurred by an eligible producer on a farm as a result of being prevented from planting a crop due to a disaster;

“(ii) a loss in the quality of a crop, trees, bushes, or vines due to a disaster; and

“(iii) a loss in the quality of a crop (including wine grapes), trees, bushes, or vines due to smoke exposure from a wildfire.

“(b) Establishment.—The Secretary shall establish a program under which the Secretary shall provide payments during each crop year to eligible producers on farms that experienced a qualified loss during the crop year.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible to receive a payment under this section for a crop year, an eligible producer on a farm shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require, including a description of each qualified loss incurred by the eligible producer on a farm during the crop year.

“(2) APPROVAL.—The Secretary shall approve an application submitted by an eligible producer on a farm under paragraph (1) if the application demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the eligible producer on a farm has incurred a qualified loss during the applicable crop year.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide to each eligible producer on a farm the application of whom is approved under subsection (c)(2) a payment for the applicable crop year, in accordance with subsection (e).

“(2) REQUIREMENT TO PURCHASE INSURANCE.—As a condition of receiving a payment under this section, an eligible producer on a farm shall purchase, for each of the 2 succeeding crop years for each crop for which the eligible producer on a farm received a payment—

“(B) if Federal Crop Insurance is not available, coverage under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2) and subsection (f), the amount of a payment provided to an eligible producer on a farm under subsection (d)(1) shall be equal to—

“(A) in the case of a covered crop insured under Federal Crop Insurance, the product obtained by multiplying—

“(I) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of 95 percent of the expected crop revenue for the covered crop for the crop year; and

“(aa) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of the actual revenue for the covered crop for the crop year;

“(cc) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle A with respect to the base acres on which the covered crop was planted or prevented from being planted;

“(dd) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm or on behalf of the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle B with respect to the covered crop for the crop year; and

“(ee) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under section 1502 for the crop for the crop year; by

“(ii) in the case of a Federal Crop Insurance coverage level purchased by the eligible producer on a farm that is—

“(II) more than catastrophic coverage and less than 55 percent coverage, 80 percent;

“(III) not less than 55 percent coverage and less than 60 percent coverage, 82.5 percent;

“(IV) not less than 60 percent coverage and less than 65 percent coverage, 85 percent;

“(V) not less than 65 percent coverage and less than 70 percent coverage, 87.5 percent;

“(VI) not less than 70 percent coverage and less than 75 percent coverage, 90 percent;

“(VII) not less than 75 percent coverage and less than 80 percent coverage, 92.5 percent; or

“(B) in the case of a covered crop covered under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program, the product obtained by multiplying—

“(I) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of 95 percent of the expected crop revenue for the covered crop for the crop year; and

“(aa) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of the actual revenue for the covered crop for the crop year;

“(cc) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle A with respect to the base acres on which the covered crop was planted or prevented from being planted;

“(dd) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm or on behalf of the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle B with respect to the covered crop for the crop year; and

“(ee) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under section 1502 for the crop for the crop year; by

“(ii) in the case of a Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program coverage level purchased by the eligible producer on a farm that is—

“(II) more than catastrophic coverage and less than 60 percent coverage, 80 percent;

“(III) not less than 60 percent coverage and less than 70 percent coverage, 85 percent;

“(IV) not less than 70 percent coverage and less than 75 percent coverage, 90 percent; or

“(C) in the case of a covered crop that is neither insured under Federal Crop Insurance nor covered under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program—

“(aa) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of 95 percent of the expected crop revenue for the covered crop for the crop year; and

“(AA) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of the actual revenue for the covered crop for the crop year;

“(BB) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle A with respect to the base acres on which the covered commodity was planted or prevented from being planted;

“(CC) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm or on behalf of the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle B with respect to the covered crop for the crop year; and

“(DD) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under section 1502 for the crop for the crop year; by

“(ii) if the eligible producer on a farm is in an area that is not adequately served (as defined in section 508(a)(7)(A) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(7)(A))) or is an underserved producer (as defined in that section), the product obtained by multiplying—

“(aa) the share of the eligible producer on a farm of the actual revenue for the covered crop for the crop year;

“(bb) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle A with respect to the base acres on which the covered crop was planted or prevented from being planted;

“(cc) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm or on behalf of the eligible producer on a farm under subtitle B with respect to the covered crop for the crop year; and

“(dd) any payments made to the eligible producer on a farm under section 1502 for the crop for the crop year; by

“(2) VERTICAL INTEGRATION FOR PRODUCERS OF WINE GRAPES.—In the case of a producer of wine grapes that uses not less than 75 percent of the grapes to produce wine at a facility owned by the producer, the amount of a payment provided to the producer under subsection (d)(1) shall be calculated under paragraph (1) based on the market rate for wine grapes at the time of calculation, in lieu of the revenue of the producer.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), an eligible producer on a farm may receive payments under subsection (d)(1) in an amount equal to not more than—

“(A) $500,000 for the specialty covered crops and high-value covered crops of the eligible producer on a farm, as determined by the Secretary; and

“(B) $250,000 for the covered crops of the eligible producer on a farm not described in subparagraph (A).

“(2) REDUCED LIMITATIONS.—If the amount made available to make payments under subsection (d)(1) for a crop year is insufficient to pay all eligible producers on farms that are eligible for payments under that subsection the amount calculated under subsection (e), as limited by paragraph (1), the Secretary shall reduce the limitations described in that paragraph in a manner such that the maximum number of those eligible producers on farms receive 100 percent of the amount calculated under subsection (e).

“(1) estimate the percentage of qualified losses that will be paid from the amount made available to make payments under subsection (d)(1) for a crop year;

“(2) using the estimate under paragraph (1), provide partial payments as soon as practicable after receipt and approval of an application under subsection (c); and

“(3) make final payments under subsection (d)(1) for the crop year as soon as practicable after all applications submitted under subsection (c) have been approved, modified, or rejected.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

“(2) ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS.—Of the amount made available under paragraph (1) for each fiscal year, the Secretary may use not more than 1 percent to pay the administrative costs of the Secretary.”.

(a) In general.—Section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333) is amended—

(i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting “or whole farm revenue in accordance with clause (ii)” before “equivalent to”;

(iii) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(iv) in the matter preceding subclause (I) (as so redesignated), by striking “In the case” and inserting the following:

“(ii) OPTION FOR WHOLE FARM REVENUE COVERAGE FOR BEGINNING FARMERS AND RANCHERS.—

“(I) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall provide the option for a beginning farmer or rancher (as defined in section 502(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(b))), during the first 5 years of operation of a farm or ranch, to purchase coverage under the program under this section for the revenue of the entire farming or ranching operation, similar to whole farm revenue protection and micro farm.

“(II) SOURCES FOR REVENUE GUARANTEE.—Under the coverage provided under subclause (I), the Secretary—

“(aa) shall prioritize the use of farm or ranch revenue projections from a business plan acceptable to the lender of the beginning farmer or rancher; and

“(bb) may use to establish a revenue guarantee alternative sources of information that the Secretary determines to be sufficient for establishing a revenue guarantee under a whole farm revenue or micro farm plan of insurance in accordance with subsection (b)(4)(C), such as—

“(III) INELIGIBILITY FOR OTHER POLICIES.—A producer that obtains coverage provided under subclause (I) shall be ineligible to purchase a whole farm revenue protection or micro farm policy through the Federal crop insurance program to cover the same risk.”; and

(i) by striking “program that—” in the matter preceding clause (i) and all that follows through “best facilitates” in clause (i) and inserting the following: “program—

“(ii) to ensure that the data are transferred by the Farm Service Agency and processed by the Risk Management Agency for the purpose of facilitating the use of historical production records for Federal crop insurance policies;

“(iii) to ensure that the data are available in a non-personally-identifiable format consistent with section 502(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(c)) to private developers of Federal crop insurance policies for the purpose of creating new Federal crop insurance policies or endorsements or expanding the availability of an existing Federal crop insurance policy or endorsement; and”; and

(v) in clause (iv) (as so redesignated), by striking “ensures” and inserting “to ensure”;

“(i) DEFINITION OF UNDERSERVED PRODUCER.—In this subparagraph, the term ‘underserved producer’ means—

“(IV) a socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher, as defined by the Secretary.

“(ii) REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary shall ensure that an underserved producer is automatically offered an opportunity to enroll in catastrophic coverage under subsection (a)(1)(A)(i)(I) by completing an application unless the underserved producer opts out—

“(I) at the time that the producer is identified as an underserved producer; or

“(II) as part of an application for another program administered by the Secretary.

“(C) WHOLE FARM REVENUE AND MICRO FARM PLANS OF INSURANCE.—In the case of diverse production systems that are eligible under the plans described in paragraphs (7) and (18) of section 522(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)), the Secretary shall establish a streamlined process for submission of records or acreage reports under paragraphs (2) and (3) specifically designed to assist producers to graduate on a voluntary basis to the whole farm revenue or micro farm plan of insurance by establishing the requisite actual production history through participation in the program under this section.”;

“(i) DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY DITCH.—In this subparagraph, the term ‘community ditch’ means a private, unincorporated or cooperative irrigation ditch system, including an acequia or an unincorporated mutual ditch company.

“(ii) CAUSES OF LOSS.—On making a determination described in subsection (a)(3) for producers that rely on a community ditch, the Secretary shall provide assistance under this section to those producers from all losses suffered as a result of the causes described in subsection (a)(3).”;

(4) in subsection (i)(2)(B), by striking “$300,000” and inserting “$1,000,000”; and

“(I) the sum of the premiums for each eligible crop, with the premium for each eligible crop obtained by multiplying—

“(iii) not less than 70 percent but not more than 75 percent, the lesser of—

“(I) the sum of the premiums for each eligible crop, with the premium for each eligible crop obtained by multiplying—

“(3) PREMIUM REDUCTION.—The premium amount determined for a producer under paragraph (2) shall be reduced by the same percentage as the percentage reduction in payments for the crop year under a sequestration order issued under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901 et seq.) or the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 (2 U.S.C. 931 et seq.).”.

Section 1601(c)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9091(c)(2)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “and section 10109 of that Act” and inserting “section 10109 of that Act, and title I of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 and the amendments made by that title”.

Section 1602 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9092) is amended by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2029”.

(a) In general.—Section 1001C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–3) is amended—

(B) by inserting “, or an alien who has applied for employment authorization and is authorized to accept employment pursuant to section 274a.12(c)(33) of title 8, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation),” after “(8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.)”; and

(C) by striking “, unless such person is an individual who is providing land, capital, and a substantial amount of personal labor in the production of crops on such farm”; and

“(1) IN GENERAL.—A person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive any payment under section 1116 or 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016, 9017) with respect to land that is owned by—

“(ii) an alien lawfully admitted into the United States for permanent residence under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.); or

“(B) a corporation or other entity more than 10 percent of the beneficial ownership of which is held by persons described in subparagraph (A).

“(2) PROPORTIONATE OWNERSHIP.—Notwithstanding paragraph (1), with respect to land determined to be ineligible for payments under that paragraph, the Secretary may make payments under sections 1116 and 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016, 9017) in an amount determined by the Secretary to be representative of the percentage interests of the land that is owned by—

“(B) aliens lawfully admitted into the United States for permanent residence under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.); or

“(C) aliens who have applied for employment authorization and are authorized to accept employment pursuant to section 274a.12(c)(33) of title 8, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation).”.

(b) Applicability.—The amendments made by this section shall apply beginning with the 2025 crop, fiscal, or marketing year, as appropriate.

(a) In general.—Section 1001D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–3a) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “In this section,” and inserting “Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, in this section,”; and

“(4) ADJUSTMENT.—Any income received by a person or legal entity that is a landowner of eligible land (as defined in section 1265A) as compensation for the purchase of an agricultural land easement or a wetland reserve easement on that eligible land under subtitle H of title XII shall be excluded from adjusted gross income for purposes of this section for the taxable year for which the person or legal entity receives such compensation.”;

(2) in subsection (b), by striking paragraphs (1) through (3) and inserting the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive a payment or benefit under subtitle A of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011 et seq.) for a crop year if the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds $700,000.

“(B) LAND.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity (except an underserved farmer of covered commodities (as defined in subsection (b)(1) of section 1112 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9012))) shall not be eligible to receive a payment or benefit under subtitle A of title I of that Act (7 U.S.C. 9011 et seq.) for a crop year with respect to land that is owned by a person or legal entity the average adjusted gross income of which exceeds $700,000.

“(2) MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOAN BENEFITS.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive a marketing loan gain, a loan deficiency payment, or a certificate in lieu of a cash payment under subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9031 et seq.) for a crop or marketing year, as appropriate, if the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds $700,000.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive a payment or benefit under subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081) for a fiscal year if the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds $700,000.

“(B) SPECIALTY AND HIGH-VALUE CROPS.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity that produces specialty or high-value crops, as determined by the Secretary, shall not be eligible for a payment or benefit under subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081) for a fiscal year if the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds $1,500,000.

“(C) WAIVER.—The Secretary may waive the limitation established by subparagraph (A) or (B) with respect to a person or legal entity that is an economically distressed producer, as determined by the Secretary.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), notwithstanding any other provision of law, if the average adjusted gross income of a person or legal entity exceeds $700,000, the person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive a payment or benefit for a fiscal year under—

“(i) title II of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4530);

“(ii) title II of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public Law 113–79; 128 Stat. 713);

“(iii) title II of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–246; 122 Stat. 1753);

“(iv) title II of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–171; 116 Stat. 223); or

“(B) SPECIALTY AND HIGH-VALUE CROPS.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity that produces specialty or high-value crops, as determined by the Secretary, shall not be eligible to receive a payment or benefit under any provision of law described in clauses (i) through (v) of subparagraph (A) for a fiscal year if the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds $1,500,000.

“(C) WAIVER.—The Secretary may waive the limitation established by subparagraph (A) or (B), on a case-by-case basis, if the Secretary determines that environmentally sensitive land of special significance would be protected as a result of such waiver.

“(5) AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive a payment or benefit under section 524(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1524(b)) for a fiscal year if the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds $700,000.”;

(I) by striking “Secretary that the average” and inserting the following: “Secretary that—

(II) by striking “subsection; or” in clause (i) (as so designated) and inserting the following: “subsection; and

“(ii) in the case of payments received by the person or legal entity under subtitle A of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011 et seq.), the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity that owns the land with respect to which the payments are provided does not exceed the limitation specified in subsection (b)(1)(B); or”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (B), by inserting “described in clause (i) or (ii), as applicable, of subparagraph (A)” after “person or legal entity”; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “subsection (b)(2)” and inserting “subsection (b)”; and

(B) in paragraph (1) (as so designated), by striking “subsection (b)(2) made in” and inserting “subsection (b) made for”; and

“(2) APPLICABILITY TO LAND LIMITATION.—In the case of a payment or benefit described in subsection (b)(1)(B) made for a crop year to a person or legal entity, in addition to any reduction under paragraph (1), the amount of the payment shall be reduced by an amount that is commensurate with the direct and indirect ownership interest in the applicable land of each person or legal entity that has an average adjusted gross income in excess of the limitation specified in that subsection.”.

(1) Section 1001(e)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308(e)(1)) is amended by striking “paragraphs (1)(C) and (2)(B) of section 1001D(b)” and inserting “section 1001D(b)”.

(2) Section 1240H(c)(3)(B)(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–8(c)(3)(B)(i)) is amended, in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking “1001D(b)(1)” and inserting “1001D(b)(4)”.

(3) Section 1241(i)(2)(C) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(i)(2)(C)) is amended by striking “1001D(b)(3)” and inserting “1001D(b)(4)(B)”.

(4) Section 1271B(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871b(f)) is amended by striking “1001D(b)(1)” and inserting “1001D(b)(4)”.

(5) Section 1271C(c)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871c(c)(3)) is amended by striking “1001D(b)(2)” and inserting “1001D(b)(4)”.

(6) Section 196(i) of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333(i)) is amended—

(7) Section 2507(c)(2)(E) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb–6(c)(2)(E)) is amended—

(B) in clause (iii), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(iv) benefits under section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333).”.

(c) Applicability.—The amendments made by this section shall apply beginning with the 2025 crop, fiscal, or marketing year, as appropriate.

(1) in subsection (a), by striking “as adjusted pursuant to sections 1112 and 1113” and inserting “as adjusted, increased, or reduced pursuant to sections 1112 and 1113”;

(B) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(5) direct the Farm Service Agency to engage with the Office of Customer Service and the Office of Digital Services to facilitate efforts under this subsection.”;

(i) by striking “pursuant 2 U.S.C. 901(a)” and inserting “pursuant to section 251(a) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901(a))”; and

(i) by striking “repayment provisions of subtitles B or C” and inserting “provisions of subtitles B and C relating to repayment”; and

(ii) by striking “under subtitles B or C” and inserting “under subtitle B or C”; and

(4) in subsection (f), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1001(a)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308(a)(3)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “Federal or State law” and inserting “Federal, State, or Tribal law”.

Section 1621(c)(3)(B) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8792(c)(3)(B)) is amended by striking “$15,000,000” and inserting “$20,000,000”.

(a) In general.—Notwithstanding section 5 of the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (15 U.S.C. 714c), during fiscal years 2025 through 2030, the Commodity Credit Corporation is authorized to use its general powers only to carry out operations as Congress may specifically authorize or provide for.

(b) Rule of construction.—Nothing in subsection (a) shall be construed to impact funds obligated or transferred to the Secretary before the date of enactment of this Act.

(c) Scoring.—For purposes of preparing a cost estimate of this section, the Director of the Congressional Budget Office shall assume that the discretionary spending under section 5 of the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (15 U.S.C. 714c) for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2033 shall be equal to $6,700,000,000.

(a) Funding.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this section $2,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 to reimburse producers for not more than $20,000 of—

(1) premiums paid by a producer under a policy or plan of insurance under the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) for the 2024 reinsurance year;

(2) fees paid by a producer under the noninsured crop disaster assistance program established by section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333) for the 2024 crop year; or

(b) Special rule for program interaction.—The Secretary shall include any amounts received by a producer under subsection (a) in determining the net crop insurance indemnity or the net noninsured crop disaster assistance program payment for emergency relief program payments under section 1503 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 for the 2024 crop year.

Section 1201(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)) is amended—

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (15), (16), (17), (18), (19), (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), and (27) as paragraphs (16), (17), (18), (20), (21), (24), (25), (26), (27), (28), (29), (31), and (32), respectively;

“(14) INDIAN LAND; TRIBAL LAND.—The terms ‘Indian land’ and ‘Tribal land’ mean land that is—

“(A) held in trust by the United States for the benefit of an Indian Tribe or one or more individual members of an Indian Tribe;

“(B) held by an Indian Tribe or one or more individual members of an Indian Tribe, subject to a restriction against alienation or encumbrance by operation of Federal law;

“(C) held in fee by an Indian Tribe or one or more individual members of an Indian Tribe;

“(D) Hawaiian Home Lands (as defined in section 801 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4221));

“(E) held by a majority-owned Tribal entity or corporation that provides services consistent with the purposes of a program established under this title; or

“(F) any combination of the types of land described in subparagraphs (A) through (E).

“(15) INDIAN TRIBE.—The terms ‘Indian tribe’ and ‘Indian Tribe’ mean any Indian or Alaska Native tribe, band, nation, pueblo, village, community, component band, or component reservation, individually identified (including parenthetically) in the list published pursuant to section 104 of the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 5131).”;

“(19) NATIVE HAWAIIAN ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘Native Hawaiian organization’ has the meaning given the term in section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517).”;

“(22) PRECISION AGRICULTURE.—The term ‘precision agriculture’ means managing, tracking, or reducing crop or livestock production inputs, including seed, feed, fertilizer, chemicals, water, and time, at a heightened level of spatial and temporal granularity to improve efficiencies, reduce waste, and maintain environmental quality.

“(23) PRECISION AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY.—The term ‘precision agriculture technology’ means any technology (including equipment that is necessary for the deployment of such technology) that directly contributes to a reduction in, or improved efficiency of, inputs used in crop or livestock production, which may include seed, feed, fertilizer, chemicals, water, and time.”; and

“(30) TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘Tribal organization’ has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).”.

Section 1222(k)(1)(B) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3822(k)(1)(B)) is amended by striking “each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter”.

(a) In general.—Section 1231(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(a)) is amended by striking “Through the 2023 fiscal year, the” and inserting “The”.

(b) Eligible land.—Section 1231(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking “the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018” and inserting “the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024”;

(2) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking “rangeland and pastureland)” and inserting “rangeland, pastureland, and pastureland devoted to silvopasture, as determined by the Secretary)”;

(3) in paragraph (5)(B)(ii), by inserting “, prairie strip, or filterstrip” after “contour grass sod strip”;

(5) in paragraph (7)(C), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

“(8) cropland, marginal pastureland, grasslands, and other rural land that will—

“(A) have a positive impact on water quality in furtherance of the goals of the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program established by the Secretary under section 1231A; and

“(9) land that is otherwise eligible for enrollment and for which a Tribal, State, or local government law, ordinance, or regulation requires any resource-conserving or environmental protection measure or practice, unless the requirement to implement such a measure or practice has been imposed by an administrative order or a court order, in which case that land shall not be eligible for enrollment.”.

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraphs (A) through (E) and inserting the following:

“(C) fiscal year 2029 and each fiscal year thereafter, not more than 29,000,000 acres.”;

“(ii) in carrying out clause (i), to the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall maintain in the conservation reserve at any one time during—

“(III) fiscal year 2027 and each fiscal year thereafter, 10,000,000 acres; and

“(iii) in carrying out clause (i), the Secretary may maintain in the conservation reserve at any time during fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter not more than 12,000,000 acres.”; and

(i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “may” and inserting “shall”;

(iii) in clause (iii)(III), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “establish a Clean Lakes, Estuaries, and Rivers (CLEAR) Initiative to” after “Secretary shall”; and

(B) in subparagraph (C)(i), by striking “40 percent” and inserting “45 percent”;

(4) in paragraph (4), by striking “each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” each place it appears and inserting “fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter”; and

“(IV) land that will be enrolled under the State acres for wildlife enhancement practice established by the Secretary;”;

(ii) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

“(iv) the CLEAR 30 and soil health and income protection programs under subsections (a) and (b), respectively, of section 1231C.”; and

(ii) in clause (ii)(IV), by striking “fiscal years 2022 and 2023” and inserting “fiscal year 2022 and each fiscal year thereafter”.

(d) Duration of contract.—Section 1231(e)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(e)(2)) is amended by inserting “riparian buffers, forest farming,” after “windbreaks,”.

(e) Multi-Year grasses and legumes.—Section 1231(g)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(g)(2)) is amended by inserting “and other multi-year grasses and legumes” after “Alfalfa”.

(f) Eligibility for consideration.—Section 1231(h) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(h)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2)(B)(iii), by inserting “and windbreaks” after “shelterbelts”; and

“(3) LAND WITH GRAZING INFRASTRUCTURE.—On the expiration of a contract entered into under this subchapter that covers land that includes grazing infrastructure established with cost sharing assistance under section 1234(b)(1)(B)—

“(A) the Secretary shall consider that land to be planted for purposes of subsection (b)(1)(B); and

“(B) that land shall be eligible for reenrollment in the conservation reserve, subject to the requirements of this subchapter.”.

(g) Balance of natural resource purposes.—Section 1231(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(i)) is amended by striking “and wildlife habitat” and inserting “drought resilience, wildlife habitat, and climate change adaptation, mitigation, and resilience”.

(B) in paragraph (4), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting “(other than an agreement described in subsection (e))” after “this subchapter”;

(A) in paragraph (2)(A)(vi), by inserting “or other appropriate practices, such as dryland agricultural uses and grazing,” after “conservation practices”; and

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide an option to signatories to an agreement under this subsection to update the agreement, without renegotiating other provisions of the agreement, to include new incentives made available under this subchapter beginning on January 1, 2018, such as riparian forest buffer management payments.

“(ii) MATCHING FUNDS.—Requirements for matching funds described in paragraph (2)(B) shall not apply to the updates to an agreement described in clause (i).”;

“(A) RETIREMENT OF WATER RIGHTS.—In the case of an agreement described in subsection (e) that includes a permanent retirement of water rights, the payment rates for annual payments shall be equal to the irrigated acre payment rates determined by the Secretary.

“(B) DRYLAND AGRICULTURAL USES.—In the case of an agreement described in subsection (e) that permits dryland agricultural uses pursuant to paragraph (2) of that subsection, the payment rates for annual payments shall be equal to the difference between—

(i) by inserting “through the long-term reduction of consumptive water use, as measured by an evapotranspiration data program or other monitoring tools” after “regional drought concerns”; and

(B) in paragraph (1), by inserting “(including agricultural land on which a continuous crop or crop rotation is maintained)” after “agricultural land”;

(i) by striking “with the adoption of best management practices on” and inserting “in accordance with a conservation plan adopted with respect to”; and

(i) by inserting “subject to subsection (c)(5),” before “calculate”; and

“(4) provide financial support for an eligible partner to develop and deploy monitoring tools for measuring the reduction in consumptive water use, at the discretion of the Secretary;

“(5) notwithstanding section 1234(b)(5), consider funds contributed by another Federal agency as part of a matching contribution required from an eligible partner under subsection (b)(2)(B) and described in subsection (c)(1);

“(6) accept, in lieu of the conservation plan of the Secretary, the conservation plan of an eligible partner with an owner or operator with respect to land enrolled under a CREP, at the discretion of the Secretary; and

“(7) limit the number of acres added as enrolled under this subsection to not more than 100,000 acres for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”; and

(B) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(A) any obstacles to finalizing an agreement in accordance with that subsection and any recommendations to address those obstacles; and

“(B) any innovations from a CREP that advance the purposes of subsection (e).”.

Section 1231B(a)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831b(a)(1)) is amended by striking “the 2008 through 2023 fiscal years” and inserting “fiscal year 2008 and each fiscal year thereafter”.

(a) In general.—Section 1231C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c) is amended by striking the section heading and inserting “Special Programs.”.

(b) CLEAR 30.—Section 1231C(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c(a)) is amended—

(i) in clause (i), by striking “Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018” and inserting “Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024”; and

(ii) in clause (ii), by striking “priority described in section 1231(d)(3) (or the predecessor practices that constitute the priority” and inserting “initiative described in section 1231(d)(3) (or predecessor practices that provided similar priority”; and

“(C) TRANSFER.—Prior to the expiration of a covered contract, an owner or operator party to the covered contract may elect to terminate the contract and to enroll that land through a CLEAR 30 contract under this subsection.”;

“(3) ELIGIBLE LAND.—Eligible land for enrollment through a CLEAR 30 contract is—

(4) in paragraph (8)(B), by striking “or Indian Tribe” and inserting “Indian Tribe, or Tribal organization”; and

(c) Soil health and income protection program.—Section 1231C(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c(b)) is amended—

“(I) is in a location in which the program established under this subsection can be carried out in a manner such that the amount of rental payments made under a contract entered into under this subsection is less than the total amount of commodity payments, crop insurance indemnities, and crop insurance subsidies that would otherwise be provided with respect to the acres to be enrolled in the program;”; and

(ii) by inserting “, as determined by the owner or operator” before the period at the end;

(A) by striking the paragraph designation and heading and all that follows through “The Secretary” in subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:

“(II) except as provided in subparagraph (E), of the actual cost of establishment of the conserving use cover crop under subclause (I)—

“(aa) using the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall pay 50 percent; and

(ii) in subclause (III), by striking “seed, hayed,” and inserting “seed”; and

(iii) in subclause (V), by striking “a nonprofit wildlife organization” and inserting “a nonprofit conservation organization, State agency, or other non-Federal entity”;

(i) by striking “subparagraphs (E) and” and inserting “subparagraph”; and

(i) by striking “the Secretary—” in the matter preceding clause (i) and all that follows through “a contract” in the matter preceding subclause (I) of clause (i) and inserting “the Secretary, a contract”;

(iii) by redesignating subclauses (I) and (II) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(iv) in clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking “50 percent” and inserting “75 percent”; and

(v) in clause (ii) (as so redesignated), by striking “50 percent” and inserting “25 percent”; and

(i) in the subparagraph heading, by striking “Harvesting, haying, and” and inserting “Harvesting and”;

(ii) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “seed, haying, or” and inserting “seed or”; and

(d) Agroforesty pilot program.—Section 1231C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE LAND.—In this subsection, the term ‘eligible land’ means cropland—

“(A) that is selected by the owner or operator of the land for proposed enrollment in the pilot program under this subsection;

“(i) is located within 1 or more of the States of Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania; or

“(ii) is in a location selected by the Secretary based on consultation with State Committees of the Farm Service Agency and State technical committees established under section 1261(a);

“(C) that had a cropping history or was considered to be planted at least 3 of the 10 crop years preceding enrollment, as determined by the Secretary;

“(D) that is located in an area that historically maintained trees, as determined by the Secretary; and

“(E) on which trees and shrubs are to be planted as part of an agroforestry system.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a voluntary agroforestry pilot program (referred to in this subsection as the ‘pilot program’) under which eligible land is enrolled through the use of contracts to assist owners and operators of eligible land in implementing and maintaining agroforestry systems to conserve and improve the soil, water, or wildlife resources of the eligible land.

“(B) DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY.—Under a contract entered into with an owner or operator under the pilot program, the Secretary shall—

“(i) make payments to the owner or operator based on rental rates for the eligible land enrolled in the pilot program; and

“(ii) provide assistance to the owner or operator in accordance with sections 1233 and 1234 and this subsection.

“(C) PRIORITY.—In entering into contracts under the pilot program, the Secretary shall give priority to contracts focused on the planting of native trees and shrubs.

“(D) INCLUSION OF ACREAGE LIMITATION.—For purposes of applying the limitations in section 1231(d)(6)(B), the Secretary shall include acres of land enrolled under this subsection.

“(i) be entered into by the Secretary, the owner of the eligible land, and (if applicable) the operator of the eligible land; and

“(I) the most cost-effective conservation cover that produces non-timber forest products for the eligible land, as determined by the applicable State conservationist after considering the advice of the applicable State technical committee established under section 1261(a), shall be planted on the eligible land;

“(II) except as provided in subparagraph (E), the owner or operator of the eligible land shall pay the cost of planting the conservation cover under subclause (I);

“(III) subject to subparagraph (F), the eligible land may be harvested or grazed outside the primary nesting season established for the applicable county; and

“(IV) on notification to the Secretary, a nonprofit wildlife organization may provide to the owner or operator of the eligible land a payment in exchange for an agreement by the owner or operator not to harvest the conservation cover.

“(B) PAYMENTS.—Except as provided in subparagraphs (E) and (F)(iv), the annual rental rate for a payment under a contract entered into under the pilot program shall be equal to 90 percent of the average rental rate for the applicable county under section 1234(d), as determined by the Secretary.

“(C) LIMITATION ON ENROLLED LAND.—Not more than 20 percent of the eligible land on an agricultural operation may be enrolled in the pilot program under this subsection.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in clause (ii), each contract entered into under the pilot program shall be for a term of 10 or 15 years, as determined by the parties to the contract.

“(I) SECRETARY.—The Secretary may terminate a contract entered into under the pilot program before the end of the term described in clause (i) if the Secretary determines that the early termination of the contract is necessary.

“(II) OWNERS AND OPERATORS.—An owner and (if applicable) an operator of eligible land enrolled in the pilot program may terminate a contract entered into under the pilot program before the end of the term described in clause (i) if the owner and (if applicable) the operator pay to the Secretary an amount equal to the amount of rental payments received under the contract.

“(E) COST-SHARE AND RENTAL RATE.—With respect to a contract entered into under the pilot program with an owner or operator described in subsection (b)(3)(E), as determined by the Secretary—

“(i) the contract shall provide that, during the term of the contract, of the actual cost of establishment of the conservation cover under subparagraph (A)(ii)(I)—

“(I) using the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall pay 50 percent; and

“(ii) the annual rental rate for a payment under the contract shall be equal to 100 percent of the average rental rate for the applicable county under section 1234(d), as determined by the Secretary.

“(F) HARVESTING AND GRAZING.—The harvesting or grazing of eligible land under subparagraph (A)(ii)(III) outside of the primary nesting season established for the applicable county shall be subject to the conditions that—

“(i) any harvesting shall not damage the conservation cover or other conservation benefits of the enrollment of the eligible land in the pilot program;

“(iii) any grazing is consistent with the long-term protection and enhancement of the conservation resources of the eligible land; and

“(iv) the owner or operator shall be subject to a reduction in the rental rate of 50 percent, unless the Secretary determines that the harvesting or grazing will cause no reduction in the environmental benefits of the established conservation cover on the eligible land.

“(4) ACREAGE LIMITATION.—Of the number of acres available for enrollment in the conservation reserve under section 1231(d)(1), not more than 50,000 total acres of eligible land may be enrolled under the pilot program.

“(5) COORDINATION.—For the purpose of enrolling acres under the pilot program, the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency shall coordinate with the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Chief of the Forest Service, the Director of the National Agroforestry Center, regional agroforestry working groups, State technical committees established under section 1261(a), applicable State forestry agencies, and nongovernmental organizations with demonstrated expertise.

“(6) TRANSITION.—The Secretary shall provide an opportunity to enroll in the pilot program land described in section 1231(b)(5) that is enrolled in the conservation reserve on the date of enactment of this subsection.

“(7) REPORT.—Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, and not less frequently than once every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the viability of transitioning eligible land enrolled in the pilot program to agroforestry systems, including—

“(A) the estimated conservation value of the eligible land enrolled in the pilot program;

“(B) the estimated economic value of the trees and shrubs planted as part of the pilot program; and

“(C) estimated savings for the Federal Government, including savings from reduced commodity payments, crop insurance indemnities, and crop insurance premium subsidies.”.

Subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 is amended by inserting after section 1231C (16 U.S.C. 3831c) the following:

“(1) ENROLLMENT.—The Secretary shall offer to enroll land in the conservation reserve program through a conservation reserve easement in accordance with this section.

“(2) EXCLUSION OF ACREAGE LIMITATION.—For purposes of applying the limitations in section 1231(d)(1), the Secretary shall not count acres of land enrolled under this section.

“(b) Eligible land.—Only land subject to an expired covered contract (as defined in section 1235(i)(1)) shall be eligible for enrollment through a conservation reserve easement under this section.

“(d) Agreements.—To be eligible to enroll land in the conservation reserve program through a conservation reserve easement, the owner of the land shall enter into an agreement with the Secretary—

“(2) to implement a conservation reserve easement plan developed for the land under subsection (h)(1);

“(3) to create and record an appropriate deed restriction in accordance with applicable State law to reflect the easement;

“(4) to provide a written statement of consent to the easement signed by any person holding a security interest in the land;

“(5) to comply with the terms and conditions of the easement and any related agreements; and

“(6) to permanently retire any existing base acres (as defined in section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011)) history for the land covered by the easement.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—A conservation reserve easement shall include terms and conditions that—

“(i) repairs, improvements, and inspections on the land that are necessary to maintain existing public drainage systems; and

“(ii) owners to control public access on the land while identifying access routes to be used for restoration activities and management and easement monitoring;

“(i) the alteration of wildlife habitat and other natural features of the land, unless specifically authorized by the Secretary as part of the conservation reserve easement plan under subsection (h)(1);

“(ii) the spraying of the land with chemicals or the mowing of the land, except where the spraying or mowing is authorized by the Secretary or is necessary—

“(iii) any activity to be carried out on the land of the owner or successor that is immediately adjacent to, and functionally related to, the land that is subject to the easement if the activity will alter, degrade, or otherwise diminish the functional value of the land; and

“(iv) the adoption of any other practice that would tend to defeat the purposes of the conservation reserve program, as determined by the Secretary; and

“(C) include any additional provision that the Secretary determines is appropriate to carry out this section or facilitate the practical administration of this section.

“(2) VIOLATION.—On the violation of a term or condition of a conservation reserve easement—

“(B) the Secretary may require the owner to refund all or part of any payments received by the owner under the program, with interest on payments, as determined appropriate by the Secretary.

“(3) COMPATIBLE USES.—Land subject to a conservation reserve easement may be used for compatible economic uses, including hunting and fishing, managed timber harvest, periodic haying outside of the primary nesting season, or periodic grazing, if the use—

“(A) is specifically permitted by the conservation reserve easement plan developed for the land under subsection (h)(1); and

“(B) is consistent with the long-term protection and enhancement of the conservation resources for which the easement was established.

“(A) PERMANENT EASEMENTS.—The Secretary shall pay as compensation for a permanent conservation reserve easement acquired under this section an amount necessary to encourage enrollment of land in such a conservation reserve easement, based on the lowest of—

“(i) the fair market value of the land, as determined by the Secretary, using the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice or an areawide market analysis or survey;

“(ii) the amount corresponding to a geographical limitation, as determined by the Secretary in regulations prescribed by the Secretary; or

“(B) OTHER.—Compensation for a conservation reserve easement that is not permanent due to a restriction in applicable State law shall be not less than 50 percent, but not more than 75 percent, of the compensation that would be paid for a permanent conservation reserve easement.

“(2) FORM OF PAYMENT.—Compensation for a conservation reserve easement shall be provided by the Secretary in the form of a cash payment, in an amount determined under paragraph (1).

“(3) PAYMENTS.—The Secretary may provide payment under this subsection to a landowner using—

“(4) TIMING.—The Secretary shall provide any annual easement payment obligation under paragraph (3)(A) as early as practicable in each fiscal year.

“(5) PAYMENTS TO OTHERS.—The Secretary shall make a payment, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary, in a manner as the Secretary determines is fair and reasonable under the circumstances, if an owner who is entitled to a payment under this section—

“(C) is succeeded by another person or entity who renders or completes the required performance; or

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall assist owners in complying with the terms and conditions of a conservation reserve easement.

“(2) CONTRACTS OR AGREEMENTS.—The Secretary may enter into 1 or more contracts with private entities or agreements with a State, nongovernmental organization, Indian Tribe, or Tribal organization to carry out necessary restoration, maintenance, repair, assessment, or monitoring of a conservation reserve easement if the Secretary determines that the contract or agreement will advance the purposes of the conservation reserve program.

“(1) CONSERVATION RESERVE EASEMENT PLAN.—The Secretary shall develop a conservation reserve easement plan for any land subject to a conservation reserve easement, which shall include practices and activities necessary to maintain, protect, and enhance the conservation value of the enrolled land.

“(A) FEDERAL, STATE, TRIBAL, OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES.—The Secretary may delegate any of the management, monitoring, and enforcement responsibilities of the Secretary under this section to other Federal, State, Tribal, or local government agencies that have the appropriate authority, expertise, and resources necessary to carry out those delegated responsibilities.

“(B) CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS.—The Secretary may delegate any management responsibilities of the Secretary under this section to conservation organizations, including Tribal organizations dedicated to conservation and natural resource management, if the Secretary determines the conservation organization has similar expertise and resources.”.

(a) Specific activities permitted.—Section 1233(b)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(b)(1)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by inserting “subject to clause (i)(III), and subclauses (I) and (II) of clause (ii), of subparagraph (B),” before “are subject to”; and

(B) by redesignating subclauses (I) and (II) as subclauses (II) and (III), respectively;

“(I) emergency haying in response to a localized or regional drought, flooding, wildfire, or other emergency, on certain practices, outside the primary nesting season on not more than 50 percent of contract acres, as identified in the site-specific plan, when—

“(aa) the county is designated as D2 (severe drought) or greater according to the United States Drought Monitor during the primary nesting season;

“(bb) there is at least a 40 percent loss in forage production in the county; or

“(cc) the Secretary, in coordination with the State technical committee, determines that the program can assist in the response to a natural disaster event without permanent damage to the established cover;”;

“(II) emergency grazing on all practices, outside the primary nesting season, on not more than 50 percent of contract acres or subject to a 50 percent reduction in the stocking rate, as identified in the site-specific plan, in response to a localized or regional drought, flooding, wildfire, or other emergency, when—”; and

(ii) in item (aa), by striking “Monitor;” and inserting “Monitor during the primary nesting season;”; and

(E) in subclause (III) (as so redesignated), by striking “payments are authorized for a county under the livestock forage disaster program under clause (ii) of section 1501(c)(3)(D) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(c)(3)(D))” and inserting “the county is designated as D3 (extreme drought) or greater according to the United States Drought Monitor during the primary nesting season”.

(b) Authorized activities on grasslands.—Section 1233(c)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(c)(3)) is amended by inserting “restoration of native plant species, prescribed burning (in consultation with the applicable State technical committee established under section 1261(a)),” before “and construction”.

(c) Conservation outcomes monitoring.—Section 1233 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish long-term monitoring of conservation outcomes of program enrollments, including pilot projects, to determine program results with respect to—

“(2) REPORT ON OUTCOMES.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, and every 3 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Congress, and make publicly available, a report that includes—

“(B) a description of the approaches, tools, and methods used to measure or model the conservation outcomes reported; and

(a) Cost sharing payments.—Section 1234(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(b)) is amended—

(B) by inserting “, including seed cost,” after “conservation measures and practices”;

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as paragraphs (4) through (6), respectively;

“(2) RATE FOR CERTAIN MEASURES AND PRACTICES.—The portion of the establishment cost described in paragraph (1) that the Secretary shall pay shall be—

“(A) in the case of water quality and conservation measures and practices that focus on establishing non-native habitat, 35 percent; and

“(B) notwithstanding paragraph (5) and subject to paragraph (3), in the case of all other water quality and conservation measures and practices, 50 percent.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Each State technical committee established under section 1261(a) may select up to 3 conservation practices described in subparagraph (B) that shall be eligible for payment by the Secretary of 65 percent of the establishment cost described in paragraph (1).

“(B) CONSERVATION PRACTICES DESCRIBED.—A conservation practice referred to in subparagraph (A) is a conservation practice described in paragraph (2)(B) that provides 1 or more of the following benefits:

“(i) Incentivizing restoration of early successional habitat and grasslands with native plant materials.

“(iii) Addressing water quality concerns relating to impingement of nearby waterways.

“(iv) Supporting the goals of the State climate adaptation, mitigation, or resilience plan.”;

(4) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) and inserting the following:

“(B) MANAGEMENT PAYMENTS.—The Secretary shall make cost sharing payments to an owner or operator under this subchapter for any management activity described in section 1232(a)(5) in accordance with subsection (c), except for those management activities relating to haying or grazing.”; and

(A) by inserting “not less than 40 percent and” before “not to exceed 50 percent”;

“(B) MINIMUM PAYMENT FOR CERTAIN CONTRACTS.—In the case of a contract updated under section 1231A(b)(3)(C)(i), the incentive payment under subparagraph (A) shall be in an amount that is not less than 40 percent of the actual costs described in that subparagraph.”.

(b) Supplemental practice payments.—Section 1234 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834) is amended by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Using funds made available under section 1241(a)(2), the Secretary may make available—

“(A) additional incentive payments to an owner or operator of eligible land in an amount sufficient to encourage—

“(i) proper thinning and other practices to improve the condition of resources, promote forest management, or enhance wildlife habitat on the land;

“(ii) establishment of grazing infrastructure, including interior cross fencing, perimeter fencing, and water infrastructure (such as rural water connections, water wells, pipelines, and water tanks), under each contract, for all practices, if grazing is included in the conservation plan and addresses a resource concern;

“(iii) prescribed burning, including for the cost of liability insurance, necessary to promote the quality and resiliency of native habitat established on enrolled land; and

“(iv) any management activity described in section 1232(a)(5), except for those management activities relating to emergency haying or grazing; and

“(B) funds to carry out section 1235(f) to facilitate the transfer of land subject to contracts from contract holders to covered farmers or ranchers (as defined in section 1235(f)(1)), including to provide outreach and technical assistance to facilitate such transfers.

“(2) LIMITATION.—A payment described in paragraph (1)(A) may not exceed 100 percent of the total cost of practices conducted by the owner or operator.”.

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (C) as clauses (i) through (iii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking “In determining” and inserting the following:

“(B) ADJUSTMENT.—The Secretary shall adjust the annual rental payment determined under subparagraph (A) based on an analysis of local rental rate trends such that—

“(i) the annual rental payment reflects the likely changes in market rental rates over the term of the contract; and

“(ii) the inflation adjustment does not increase the annual rental payment by more than 10 percent.”;

(A) in clause (i), by striking “85 percent” and inserting “95 percent”; and

(B) in clause (ii), by striking “90 percent” and inserting “100 percent”.

(d) Payment limitation for rental payments.—Section 1234(g)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(g)(1)) is amended by striking “$50,000” and inserting “$125,000”.

(1) in subsection (c)(1)(B)(iii), by inserting “, including agroforestry and other productive perennial systems” after “methods”;

(2) in subsection (f)(1)(A)(i), by inserting “or establishing agroforestry and other productive perennial systems” after “crop”; and

“(i) Owner or operator election relating to conservation reserve easements.—

“(1) DEFINITION OF COVERED CONTRACT.—In this subsection, the term ‘covered contract’ means a contract entered into under this subchapter—

“(A) during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this subsection and ending on September 30, 2029; and

“(i) under the Clean Lakes, Estuaries, and Rivers (CLEAR) Initiative established under section 1231(d)(3); or

“(ii) that is located in a State acres for wildlife enhancement area established by the Secretary.

“(2) ELECTION.—On the expiration of a covered contract, an owner or operator party to the covered contract shall elect—

“(B) to reenroll the land under the contract, subject to the conditions that—

“(C) not to reenroll the land under the contract and to enroll the land under the contract in a conservation reserve easement under section 1231D.

“(3) EXCEPTION.—On the expiration of a covered contract, if land enrolled in the conservation reserve program under that contract is determined by the Secretary to not be suitable for permanent protection through a conservation reserve easement under section 1231D, notwithstanding paragraph (2)(B), the Secretary shall allow the land to be reenrolled under the terms of the conservation reserve program in effect on the date of expiration.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), an owner or operator party to a contract entered into under this subchapter may—

“(A) subject to section 1240B(d)(6), enroll the land enrolled under the contract in the environmental quality incentives program established under subchapter A of chapter 4;

“(B) subject to section 1271B(g), receive cost-share assistance under the regional conservation partnership program established under subtitle I with respect to the land enrolled under the contract; or

“(C) both enroll land in accordance with subparagraph (A) and receive cost-share assistance in accordance with subparagraph (B).

“(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent an owner or operator party to a contract entered into under this subchapter from simultaneously receiving a rental payment under the terms of that contract and cost-share assistance under the environmental quality incentives program established under subchapter A of chapter 4 or the regional conservation partnership program established under subtitle I.

“(3) LIMITATION.—An owner or operator party to a contract entered into under this subchapter shall not be eligible to receive a cost-share payment under more than 1 program established under this title for the same activity carried out on the same land.”.

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “and environmental quality” and inserting “environmental quality, and climate change adaptation and mitigation”;

(3) in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting “sequestering carbon, increasing drought resilience, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and” before “conserving energy”; and

(4) in paragraph (4), by inserting “climate change and” before “increasing weather volatility”.

Section 1240A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–1) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (3), by striking “a practice” and inserting “a management practice, including a land or livestock management practice,”;

(ii) by redesignating clauses (v) through (vii) as clauses (vi) through (viii), respectively; and

(i) in clause (i), by striking “planning;” and inserting “planning that, where practicable, incorporates planning for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions;”;

(I) by inserting “(including planning for the adoption of precision agriculture practices and precision agriculture technology)” after “planning”; and

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking “State or region” and inserting “State, at a regional scale, or on Indian land”.

(a) Payments.—Section 1240B(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(d)) is amended—

“(A) ENROLLMENT IN OTHER CONSERVATION PROGRAMS.—Subject to subparagraph (B), a producer party to a contract entered into under this subchapter may—

“(i) subject to section 1235(j), enroll the eligible land enrolled under the contract in the conservation reserve program established under subchapter B of chapter 1;

“(ii) subject to section 1271B(g), receive cost-share assistance under the regional conservation partnership program established under subtitle I with respect to the eligible land enrolled under the contract; or

“(iii) both enroll land in accordance with clause (i) and receive cost-share assistance in accordance with clause (ii).

“(B) LIMITATION.—A producer shall not be eligible for payments for practices on eligible land under the program if the producer receives payments or other benefits for the same practice on the same land under another program under this subtitle.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—A producer receiving payments for practices on eligible land under the program may also receive a loan or loan guarantee under section 304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1924) to cover costs for the same practices on the same land.

“(ii) NOTICE TO PRODUCERS.—The Secretary shall inform a producer participating in the program in writing of the availability of a loan or loan guarantee under section 304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1924) as it relates to the costs of implementing practices under the program.”;

(i) by striking “Each State” and inserting “The designee of the Secretary in each State”; and

(ii) by striking “the State,” and inserting “the State and, in the case of Indian land, the applicable Tribal conservation advisory council,”;

“(v) provides a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, including enteric methane emissions from livestock, or sequesters carbon; or

“(vi) furthers efforts to implement the climate adaptation and resilience plan of a State, Indian Tribe, or local government.”; and

“(8) ENTERIC METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCING PRACTICES.—Notwithstanding paragraph (2), in the case of a practice relating to the management of livestock to reduce enteric methane emissions, the Secretary shall increase the amount that would otherwise be provided for a practice under this subsection to not more than 75 percent of the costs associated with that management, including the cost of methane-inhibiting products for livestock.”.

(b) Allocation of funding.—Section 1240B(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(f)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter”;

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking the paragraph designation and heading and all that follows through “For each of fiscal years 2019 through 2031” in subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:

“(2) WILDLIFE HABITAT.—For fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter”; and

“(3) SMALL FARMS.—For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, at least 10 percent of the funds made available for payments under the program shall be targeted at practices implemented on small farms, as determined by the Secretary.”.

(c) Water conservation or irrigation efficiency practice.—Section 1240B(h)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(h)(2)) is amended by striking subparagraphs (C) and (D) and inserting the following:

“(C) WAIVER AUTHORITY.—The Secretary shall waive the applicability of the limitations in sections 1001D(b) and 1240G for a payment made under a contract entered into under this paragraph if the total amount of payments received by the person or legal entity under the contract during either of the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 or the period of fiscal years 2030 and 2031 does not exceed—

“(II) the number of producers served by the contract through the entity that is party to the contract; less

“(ii) the sum of any other payments received under the program during either of the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 or the period of fiscal years 2030 and 2031 by—

“(II) the entity that is party to the contract, limited to the proportion of those payments that benefit those producers served by the contract.”.

(d) Payments for conservation practices related to organic production.—Section 1240B(i)(3)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(i)(3)(A)) is amended—

(2) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

(e) Conservation incentive contracts.—Section 1240B(j) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(j)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking “concerns” and inserting “concerns, which may include emissions of nitrous oxide or methane (referred to in this subsection as ‘greenhouse gas emissions’) or storage of carbon in plants or soil (referred to in this subsection as ‘carbon storage’),”; and

(A) in subparagraph (A)(ii)(I), by striking “conservation” and inserting “conservation, reductions of greenhouse gas emissions, or increased levels of carbon storage”; and

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause (ii), a contract under this subsection shall have a term of not less than 5, and not more than 10, years.

“(ii) GRADUATION OPTION.—The Secretary may reduce the term of a contract under this subsection if the producer enters into a conservation stewardship contract under section 1240K with respect to the eligible land that is subject to the contract under this subsection.”.

(f) Annual report to Congress.—Section 1240B of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(k) Annual report to Congress.—Not less frequently than once each year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing—

“(1) the amount obligated under the program with respect to each category of practice, with information categorized by fiscal year and State; and

“(2) the amount obligated under the program in each State, with information categorized by fiscal year and the size of the operation of each producer.”.

(g) Streamlining and coordination.—Section 1240B of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2) (as amended by subsection (f)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(l) Streamlining and coordination.—To the maximum extent feasible, the Secretary shall provide for streamlined and coordinated procedures for the program and the conservation stewardship program under subchapter B, including applications, contracting, conservation planning, conservation practices, and related administrative procedures.”.

Section 1240E(a)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–5(a)(3)) is amended by inserting “, and a greenhouse gas emissions reduction plan” after “if applicable”.

Section 1240G of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–7) is amended by striking “exceed” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: “for all contracts entered into under this subchapter by the person or legal entity (regardless of the number of such contracts entered into by such person or legal entity), exceed $450,000 during—

(a) Competitive grants for innovative conservation approaches.—Section 1240H(a)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–8(a)(1)) is amended—

(2) by inserting “the development and evaluation of new and” before “innovative approaches”; and

(3) by inserting “, including for the purpose of incorporating innovation and new technologies into existing conservation practice standards or establishing new conservation practice standards” before the period at the end.

(b) On-Farm conservation innovation trials.—Section 1240H(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–8(c)) is amended—

(A) in subclause (II), by inserting “on-farm nutrient recycling,” after “plans,”;

“(VII) perennial production systems, including agroforestry and perennial forages and grain crops; and

“(VIII) livestock-related practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including enteric methane emissions; and”;

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(i) by striking “2019 through 2031, the Secretary” and inserting “2019 through 2024 and $50,000,000 of the funds made available to carry out this subchapter for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary”; and

“(B) ALLOCATION OF FUNDING.—Of the funds made available under subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall use 50 percent to provide grants for soil health demonstration trials established under paragraph (7).”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary shall carry out one or more studies on changes in methane emissions and, if feasible, economic outcomes, generated as a result of livestock-related practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including enteric methane emissions.

“(B) REPORTS.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this paragraph, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report on the progress and results under subparagraph (A).”.

(1) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking “including, if feasible” and inserting “including any barriers to or best practices for the adoption of new and innovative conservation approaches identified through the activities, opportunities for future research, and, if feasible”;

“(2) PUBLIC-FACING REPORTS.—Not later than 1 year after the completion of a project funded under this section, the Secretary shall publish a public-facing report, submitted by the grant recipient following the completion of the grant period, that includes an assessment of—

“(B) in the case of a trial conducted under subsection (c)(2), the types of crops produced using the new or innovative conservation approach either directly by a producer or through an eligible entity;

“(C) any results on the efficacy of the new or innovative conservation approach in achieving its intended conservation purpose;

“(D) the regional applicability of the new or innovative conservation approach, including any geographic characteristics associated with the increased efficacy of the innovative conservation approach;

“(E) any barriers that prevented the project from achieving the conservation benefits identified at the outset of the project;

“(F) any support needed to encourage adoption of the new or innovative conservation approach by producers, including the level of technical assistance required to adopt the new or innovative conservation approach; and

“(G) as appropriate, other outcomes of the project and lessons learned through the implementation of the project.”; and

(i) by striking “practices” and inserting “practices, including both management and structural practices,”; and

“(ii) evaluation data for new and emerging technology and recommendations for State and regional applications; and”; and

(D) in clause (iii) (as so redesignated), by striking “practices.” and inserting “practices for consideration through the process established under section 1242(h)(3).”.

(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “enhancements,” after “practices,”; and

(ii) in clause (v), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(vi) activities that will assist a producer in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, including enteric methane emissions.”;

(2) in paragraph (4)(A)(i), by striking “tribal land” and inserting “Tribal land”; and

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “State, or local level as a priority for a particular area of a State” and inserting “State, Tribal, or local level as a priority for a particular area”; and

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking “State or region” and inserting “State, at a regional scale, or on Indian land”.

Section 1240K(b)(1)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–23(b)(1)(A)) is amended by striking clause (iii) and inserting the following:

“(iii) other consistent criteria that the Secretary determines are necessary to ensure that the program effectively—

“(I) targets improvements to soil health, increases carbon sequestration, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions; and

“(II) addresses other national, State, Tribal, and local priority resource concerns.”.

(a) Conservation stewardship payments.—Section 1240L(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(c)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting “on 1 or more types of eligible land covered by the contract” after “activities”;

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (G) as clauses (i) through (vii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking “The amount” and inserting the following:

“(cc) transitioning to an organic, resource-conserving cropping or grazing, or perennial production system; or

“(B) MINIMUM PAYMENT.—In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall establish a minimum payment of not less than $4,000, to be reviewed regularly and increased at the discretion of the Secretary.”; and

“(6) PAYMENTS FOR CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES RELATED TO ORGANIC PRODUCTION SYSTEMS.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide payments under this subsection for conservation activities relating to—

“(B) CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES.—Conservation activities described in subparagraph (A) may include—

“(i) generally available and specifically tailored conservation activities; and

“(ii) individual conservation activities and bundles of conservation activities.”.

(b) Supplemental payments for resource-Conserving crop rotations, advanced grazing management, and livestock feed management.—Section 1240L(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(d)) is amended—

(1) in the subsection heading, by striking “Rotations and Advanced Grazing Management” and inserting “Rotations, Advanced Grazing Management, and Livestock Feed Management”;

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively; and

“(B) LIVESTOCK FEED MANAGEMENT.—The term ‘livestock feed management’ means providing livestock with forage and feed that—

“(i) manipulates and controls the quantity and quality of available nutrients, feedstuffs, ingredients, or additives fed to livestock;

“(ii) minimizes excess nutrients in surface water and groundwater by reducing the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, salts, or other nutrients excreted in manure; or

“(iii) reduces emissions of ammonia, odors, greenhouse gases, volatile organic components, or dust from animal feeding operations.”;

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

(4) in paragraph (3), by striking “rotations or advanced” and inserting “rotations, livestock feed management, or advanced”.

(c) Payment for comprehensive conservation plan.—Section 1240L(e)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(e)(1)) is amended—

“(i) is integrated with an organic system plan approved under the national organic program established under the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6501 et seq.); or

“(ii) allows a producer to transition to organic production systems and pursue certification under that Act.”; and

(2) in the matter preceding subparagraph (B) (as added by paragraph (1)), by striking “plan that meets” and inserting the following: “plan that—

(d) Payment limitations.—Section 1240L(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(f)) is amended by striking “fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 and each 5-fiscal-year period thereafter”.

(e) Specialty crop and organic producers.—Section 1240L(g) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(g)) is amended by inserting “, and producers transitioning to organic production systems,” after “organic producers”.

(f) Organic certification.—Section 1240L(h)(2)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(h)(2)(A)) is amended by inserting “, including by providing payments for conservation activities relating to organic production and transitioning to organic production under subsection (c)(6)” before the period at the end.

(g) Soil health.—Section 1240L(k) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–24(k)) is amended—

“(2) SOIL TESTING.—Soil testing (as defined in section 1240A) shall be eligible as a conservation activity on its own under a conservation stewardship contract under this subchapter, if the results of the soil testing are intended to be used to develop specifications or design elements required for implementing another conservation activity under the contract.

“(3) NATIONWIDE SOIL TESTING.—The Secretary shall prioritize nationwide collection of data to make possible site-specific interpretations of soil health test results for producers at the local level.”.

Subchapter B of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–21 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“SEC. 1240L–2. Pastureland conservation and gulf hypoxia reduction initiative.

“(1) ELIGIBLE LAND.—Notwithstanding section 1240I(4), the term ‘eligible land’ means private land or Indian land that—

“(A) is in use for livestock grazing and production purposes as of the date of enactment of this section;

“(B) (i) is native or improved pastureland with permanent vegetative cover; or

“(ii) is planted to a crop planted specifically for the purpose of providing grazing for livestock, such as forage sorghum, small grains, annual planted ryegrass, or annual planted crabgrass; and

“(C) is located within 1 or more States in the Lower Mississippi River Valley that encompass the Ouachita, Yazoo, or Atchafalaya River drainage basins.

“(2) INITIATIVE.—The term ‘initiative’ means the voluntary pastureland conservation and gulf hypoxia reduction initiative established under subsection (b).

“(b) Establishment and purpose.—The Secretary shall establish within the program a voluntary pastureland conservation and hypoxia reduction initiative for the purposes of, by conserving eligible land through pastureland conservation contracts under subsection (e)—

“(1) assisting livestock producers in conserving and protecting soil, water, and wildlife resources; and

“(c) Election.—Beginning in fiscal year 2024, the Secretary shall provide a 1-time election to enroll eligible land in the initiative under a contract described in subsection (e).

“(d) Method of enrollment.—Subject to subsection (h), the Secretary shall—

“(1) notwithstanding subsection (b) of section 1240K, determine under subsection (c) of that section that eligible land ranks sufficiently high under the evaluation criteria described in subsection (b) of that section; and

“(2) enroll the eligible land in the initiative under a contract described in subsection (e).

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 1240K(a)(1), to enroll eligible land in the initiative under a pastureland conservation contract, a livestock producer shall agree—

“(A) to meet or exceed the stewardship threshold for not less than 2 priority resource concerns by the date on which the contract expires; and

“(2) TERMS.—A pastureland conservation contract shall be for a single 5-year term.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Beginning in fiscal year 2024, of the funds made available for this subchapter under section 1241(a)(3)(B), and notwithstanding any payment under section 1240L(c), the Secretary shall make annual pastureland conservation contract payments to the livestock producer of any eligible land that is the subject of a pastureland conservation contract under this section.

“(2) PAYMENT NONELIGIBILITY.—A pastureland conservation contract under this section shall not be subject to the payment limitations under this subchapter.

“(3) AMOUNT.—The amount of an annual payment under this subsection shall be $20 per acre.

“(g) Acreage limitation.—Not more than 500,000 total acres of eligible land may be enrolled in the initiative.

“(h) Evaluation of contract offers.—Notwithstanding subsection (d), the Secretary may rank applications relating to contract offers to enroll eligible land in the initiative based on the degree to which the proposed conservation activities increase natural resource conservation and environmental benefits if—

“(1) contract offers are submitted to enroll more than 400,000 acres of eligible land; and

“(2) the Secretary determines such ranking of applications to be necessary to comply with the acreage limitation established by subsection (g).”.

(a) Short title; findings; declaration of policy.—The first section of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1001) is amended to read as follows:

“(a) Short title.—This Act may be cited as the ‘Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act’.

“(b) Findings.—Congress finds that erosion, floodwater, drought, and sediment damages in the watersheds of the rivers and streams of the United States cause loss of life, declines in agricultural production, harm to fish, birds, wildlife, and recreation opportunities, and damage to property, thereby constituting a menace to the national welfare.

“(c) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that the Federal Government should cooperate with local organizations for the purposes of—

“(2) furthering the conservation, management, development, utilization, and disposal of water, and the conservation and utilization of land; and

“(3) thereby preserving, protecting, and improving land and water resources and the quality of the environment.”.

(b) Definitions.—Section 2 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1002) is amended to read as follows:

“(1) CONSERVATION OF WATER.—The term ‘conservation of water’ means a reduction in total annual consumptive water use, as compared to total annual consumptive water use before a work of improvement is carried out under this Act.

“(A) (i) any State, political subdivision of a State, soil or water conservation district, flood prevention or control district, or combination thereof; or

“(ii) any other governmental agency having authority under State law to carry out, maintain, and operate a work of improvement;

“(B) any irrigation district or reservoir company, water users’ association, canal company, ditch association, acequia, or similar entity, or nongovernmental organization that is not being operated for profit, with—

“(i) the capacity to engage in the planning or implementation of land treatment and related conservation measures; or

“(C) any Indian Tribe or Tribal organization (as those terms are defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)) having authority under Federal, State, or Indian Tribal law to carry out, maintain, and operate a work of improvement.

“(3) MANAGEMENT OF WATER.—The term ‘management of water’ means any project or activity carried out to increase the efficiency of water use, transfer, diversion, or conveyance.

“(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Agriculture.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘work of improvement’ means any undertaking carried out in a watershed or subwatershed area not exceeding 250,000 acres (including on Federal land necessary to accomplish the purposes of the undertaking) for—

“(ii) the conservation, management, development, utilization, and disposal of water; or

“(B) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘work of improvement’ does not include any single structure that provides—

“(C) REQUIREMENT FOR AGRICULTURE BENEFITS.—Each undertaking described in subparagraph (A) shall contain benefits directly related to agriculture, including communities in rural areas (as defined in section 343(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a))), that account for at least 20 percent of the total benefits of the undertaking.

“(D) CONSOLIDATED PLANNING.—1 or more subwatersheds, when the subwatersheds are components of a larger watershed, may be planned together at the discretion of the local organization sponsoring the applicable undertaking.

“(E) MULTIBENEFIT INCLUSION.—A work of improvement may provide 2 or more public benefits or ecosystem services in addition to a purpose described in subparagraph (A).”.

(c) Assistance to local organizations.—Section 3 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1003) is amended—

(2) in subsection (a)(6), in the first sentence, by striking “occupiers, individually” and inserting the following: “occupiers in accordance with subsection (b).

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may enter into agreements under subsection (a)(6) with landowners, operators, and occupiers, individually”;

(A) by striking “supplemented. Applications” and inserting the following: “supplemented.

(i) in the first sentence, by striking “such conservation plans” and inserting “conservation plans described in paragraph (1)”; and

(ii) by striking “such district. In return” and all that follows through “interest. The portion” and inserting the following: “that district.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may agree to share the costs of carrying out a work of improvement, or specific practices and measures described in such an agreement, if the Secretary determines that cost sharing is appropriate and in the public interest.”;

(I) by striking “programs. The Secretary” and inserting the following: “programs.

(i) in the first sentence, by striking “hereunder, as he” and inserting “under this subsection, as the Secretary”; and

(ii) by striking “herein. Notwithstanding” and inserting the following: “under this subsection.

(iii) by striking “hereunder for (1) preservation” and inserting the following: “under this paragraph for—

(iv) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), by striking “crop; or (2) surrender” and inserting the following: “crop; or

“(1) FINAL AUTHORITY.—The Secretary shall provide a State Conservationist final authority to approve watershed plans for works of improvement within the State.

“(2) APPROVAL OF OUTSOURCING PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary and a State Conservationist shall, on the approval of the State Conservationist, allow a local organization sponsoring a work of improvement to use funds made available under this Act to pay a third party to conduct preliminary investigations and pre-planning activities relating to the work of improvement.

“(3) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.—The Secretary may provide authority to a State Conservationist to support a streamlined process.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), not later than 45 days after the date on which an application for a work of improvement is submitted to the Secretary, the Secretary shall approve or disapprove the application.

“(2) EXTENSIONS.—The Secretary may extend the deadline described in paragraph (1) by 45 days, if necessary.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary may not provide funds under this Act for the costs of designing or constructing a work of improvement without an approved watershed plan.

“(A) the Secretary determines that the circumstances are so exigent that not providing funds is against the public interest; or

“(B) the Secretary has waived the requirement for a watershed plan under subsection (f).”.

(d) Cost share assistance.—Section 3A of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1003a) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by inserting “, as determined by the Secretary,” after “assistance”; and

“(c) Treatment of other Federal funds for works of improvement.—Any funds provided for a work of improvement through any Federal department or agency other than the Department of Agriculture shall be considered to be part of the non-Federal share of the cost of the work of improvement provided by the sponsor of the work of improvement.”.

(e) Conditions for Federal assistance.—Section 4(2) of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1004(2)) is amended by inserting “management,” after “conservation,”

(f) Limitation.—The Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act is amended by inserting after section 4 (16 U.S.C. 1004) the following:

“(a) In general.—No amounts shall be provided under this Act for any plan for a work of improvement involving an estimated Federal contribution to construction costs in excess of $50,000,000, or that includes any structure that provides more than 2,500 acre-feet of total capacity, unless, not less than 90 days before amounts are provided for the plan, the Secretary submits to the appropriate committees of Congress described in subsection (b) a notice of the approval of the plan, including a description of the justification for the approval and a copy of the plan.

“(b) Committees described.—The appropriate committees of Congress referred to in subsection (a) are—

“(1) in the case of a plan involving no single structure providing more than 4,000 acre-feet of total capacity, the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and

“(2) in the case of a plan involving any single structure providing more than 4,000 acre-feet of total capacity, the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.”.

(g) Construction standards.—The Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 4A (as added by subsection (f)) the following:

“(a) In general.—Subject to the requirements of this Act, the Secretary shall—

“(1) review and update as necessary the engineering standards and requirements to be used for works of improvement under this Act; and

“(2) in collaboration with each State Conservationist and State technical committee established under section 1261(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3861(a)), review and update as necessary the acceptable variances from national engineering standards that are appropriate alternatives suited to the geomorphology of, and purpose for which works of improvement are established within, each State.

“(b) Local consultation.—A State Conservationist and State technical committee engaged in collaboration pursuant to subsection (a)(2) may consult with local municipalities undertaking works of improvement within that State under this Act.”.

(h) Monetization.—Section 5(1) of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1005(1)) is amended—

(1) by inserting “, in consultation with the State Conservationist,” after “and the Secretary”; and

(2) by inserting “: Provided further, That if insufficient data exists to monetize the benefits of wildlife habitat or water quality improvement against the costs, these benefits shall be quantified to the extent practicable and described in sufficient detail to be considered against the cost” before the period at the end.

(i) Certain authorities.—Section 7 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (68 Stat. 668, chapter 656; 74 Stat. 131; 76 Stat. 610) is amended, in the last proviso, by inserting “management,” after “conservation,”.

(j) Loan and advancement amounts.—Section 8 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1006a) is amended, in the last sentence, by striking “five million dollars” and inserting “$10,000,000”.

(k) Data.—Section 13 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1010) is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “collect and maintain” and inserting “collect, maintain, and publish on the website of the Department of Agriculture”; and

(2) in paragraph (1), by striking “control and conservation” and inserting “control, conservation, and drought resilience”.

(l) Conforming amendment.—Section 11 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1001 note; 68 Stat. 668; 70 Stat. 1090) is repealed.

(a) In general.—The Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act of 1977 (16 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.) is amended—

(1) in section 5(e) (16 U.S.C. 2004(e)), by striking “and December 31, 2022” and inserting “December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2028, and every 5 years thereafter”;

(2) in section 6(d) (16 U.S.C. 2005(d)), by inserting “, and December 31, 2029, and every 5 years thereafter” after “2023”; and

(A) in subsection (a), by striking “and 2022” and inserting “2022, 2028, and every 5 years thereafter”; and

(B) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “and 2023” and inserting “2023, 2029, and every 5 years thereafter”.

(b) Repeal of termination.—Section 10 of the Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act of 1977 (16 U.S.C. 2009) is repealed.

(a) Emergency conservation program.—Section 401 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2201) is amended—

(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting “and other emergency conservation measures” after “fencing”;

(i) by inserting “or other emergency measures to restore farmland or replace conservation structures requiring an immediate response (as determined by the Secretary),” after “replacement of fencing,”; and

(ii) by striking “option of receiving” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: “option of receiving, before the agricultural producer carries out the repair, replacement, or restoration—

“(A) with respect to a payment to the agricultural producer for a replacement, 75 percent of the cost of the replacement, as determined by the Secretary based on the fair market value of the cost of the replacement using the estimated cost of the applicable practice published in the Field Office Technical Guide of each State by the Natural Resources Conservation Service or other appropriate and comparable guidance document, as determined by the Secretary; and

“(B) with respect to a payment to the agricultural producer for a repair or restoration, 50 percent of the cost of the repair or restoration, as determined by the Secretary based on the fair market value of the cost of the repair or restoration using the estimated cost of the applicable practice published in the Field Office Technical Guide of each State by the Natural Resources Conservation Service or other appropriate and comparable guidance document, as determined by the Secretary.”; and

“(c) Wildfire determination.—A wildfire that causes damage eligible for a payment under subsection (a) includes—

“(1) a wildfire that is not caused naturally if the damage is caused by the spread of the wildfire due to natural causes; and

“(2) a wildfire that is caused by an action directly performed by the Federal Government.”.

(b) Additional requirements for the emergency conservation program.—Title IV of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 is amended by inserting after section 402B (16 U.S.C. 2202b) the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—An agricultural producer eligible to receive payments under sections 401 and 402 includes a person that—

“(A) holds a permit or lease from the Federal Government to conduct agricultural production or grazing on Federal land; or

“(B) holds a permit or leases land from a State or unit of local government to conduct agricultural production or grazing on that land.

“(2) EFFECT.—Nothing in this subsection authorizes the Secretary to make a payment under section 401 or 402 to the Federal Government, a State, or a unit of local government.

“(b) Permanent and temporary improvements.—Emergency measures eligible for payments under sections 401 and 402 include—

“(1) new permanent or temporary measures, including permanent water wells and permanent or temporary surface or aboveground pipelines and watering facilities; and

“(2) replacement or restoration of existing emergency measures with permanent or temporary measures, including permanent water wells and permanent or temporary surface or aboveground pipelines and watering facilities.”.

(A) by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through “The Secretary” and inserting the following:

“(2) ELIGIBLE PURPOSES OF FLOODPLAIN EASEMENTS.—A floodplain easement acquired by the Secretary under this section may be used—

“(A) to restore, protect, maintain, and enhance the hydrologic and other functions of wetlands and associated land, riparian areas, and stream channels;

“(B) to conserve natural values, including fish and wildlife habitat, water quality, flood water retention, and groundwater recharge; and

“(C) to safeguard lives and property from floods, drought, and the products of erosion.

“(3) EASEMENT RESTORATION.—The Secretary may restore the hydrologic and other functions and values of wetlands on floodplain easements acquired by the Secretary under this section.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall restore, protect, manage, maintain, enhance, and monitor floodplain easements acquired by the Secretary under this section.

“(B) ALLOWABLE USES.—The Secretary may authorize, in writing and subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe in the sole discretion of the Secretary, the use by the landowner for compatible uses of the area of a floodplain easement acquired by the Secretary under this section, if the Secretary determines that the use is consistent with the long-term protection and enhancement of the floodplain, riparian, wetland, and associated land, and other natural values of the easement area.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except in the case of a floodplain easement acquired by the Secretary under this section and as provided in subparagraph (B), not later than 1 year after the date on which funds are obligated to a State Conservationist for emergency watershed protection measures under this section, construction of the emergency watershed protection measures shall be completed.

“(B) EXIGENT SITUATIONS.—If the Secretary determines that an exigent situation exists, subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting ‘30 days’ for ‘1 year’.”;

(2) in subsection (b), by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through the “The Secretary” in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

“(1) DEFINITION OF SPONSOR.—In this subsection, the term ‘sponsor’ means—

“(B) an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)).

“(2) PREAGREEMENT PROJECT COSTS.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall—

“(A) identify a list of emergency watershed protection measures the cost of which may be incurred by a sponsor prior to entering into an agreement with the Secretary under this section; and

“(B) develop a procedure, including appropriate deadlines, to be implemented at the State level, through which a sponsor may request, for a specified natural disaster, additional emergency watershed protection measures the cost of which may be incurred by a sponsor prior to entering into an agreement with the Secretary under this section.

“(3) AGREEMENT CONTRIBUTION.—If the Secretary and a sponsor enter into an agreement under this section, the Secretary shall consider any applicable preagreement costs incurred by the sponsor for undertaking emergency watershed protection measures identified under paragraph (2) as meeting part of the contribution of the sponsor toward the cost of the project.

“(4) ASSUMPTION OF RISK.—A sponsor that undertakes emergency watershed protection measures prior to entering into an agreement with the Secretary under this section shall assume the risk of incurring any cost of undertaking those measures.

“(5) EFFECT.—Nothing in this subsection requires the Secretary to enter into an agreement with a sponsor.”.

(d) Emergency forest restoration program.—Section 407 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2206) is amended—

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as paragraphs (3) through (5), respectively;

“(A) with respect to nonindustrial private forest land or industrial private forest land—

“(i) an owner of the nonindustrial private forest land or industrial private forest land; or

“(I) receives concurrence from the landowner to carry out emergency measures in lieu of the owner; and

“(B) with respect to Federal forest land, a person that holds a permit or lease from the Federal Government to conduct livestock grazing on the Federal forest land; and

“(C) with respect to forest land owned by a State or a unit of local government, a person that holds a permit or leases land from the State or unit of local government to conduct livestock grazing on that forest land.

“(B) Federal forest land on which livestock grazing is authorized through a permit or lease; and

“(C) forest land owned by a State or unit of local government on which livestock grazing is authorized through a permit or lease.”;

(C) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated), in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “nonindustrial private forest land” and inserting “eligible land”; and

(D) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by striking “wildfires,” and inserting “wildfires (including a wildfire that is not caused naturally if the damage is caused by the spread of the wildfire due to natural causes and a wildfire that is caused by the Federal Government),”;

(A) by striking “an owner of nonindustrial private forest land who” and inserting “an eligible entity that”; and

(B) by striking “restore the land” and inserting “restore eligible land”;

(B) by striking “nonindustrial private forest land” and inserting “eligible land”;

(4) in subsection (d), by striking “an owner of nonindustrial private forest land” and inserting “an eligible entity”;

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall give an eligible entity the option of receiving, before the eligible entity carries out emergency measures under this section, not more than 75 percent of the cost of the emergency measures, as determined by the Secretary based on the fair market value of the cost of the emergency measures using the estimated cost of the applicable practice published in the Field Office Technical Guide of each State by the Natural Resources Conservation Service or other appropriate and comparable guidance document, as determined by the Secretary.

“(2) RETURN OF FUNDS.—If the funds provided under paragraph (1) are not expended by the end of the 2-year period beginning on the date on which the eligible entity receives those funds, the funds shall be returned within a reasonable timeframe, as determined by the Secretary.

“(f) Effect.—Nothing in this section authorizes the Secretary to make a payment under this section to the Federal Government, a State, or a unit of local government.”.

(B) in subparagraph (I), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(J) supporting planning, management, and coordination of grazing in agrivoltaic systems.”; and

(2) in subsection (e), by striking “each of fiscal years 2002 through 2023” and inserting “fiscal year 2002 and each fiscal year thereafter”.

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “each of fiscal years 2008 through 2023” and inserting “fiscal year 2008 and each fiscal year thereafter”; and

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(C) $5,000,000 beginning in fiscal year 2025 and every 5 fiscal years thereafter, to remain available until expended.”.

(B) by inserting “, and $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029” before the period at the end; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by inserting “and $3,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029” after “2023”.

(2) in subsection (a), by striking “pilot program” and inserting “program (referred to in this section as the ‘program’)”;

(B) in each of paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking “the pilot areas” and inserting “eligible areas”;

(D) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively; and

“(3) after the Secretary determines that feral swine have been eradicated from an eligible area, ensure that the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the Natural Resources Conservation Service continue monitoring that area for the reoccurrence of feral swine for a period of 1 year;”;

(4) in each of subsections (c), (e), (f), and (g), by striking “pilot program” each place it appears and inserting “program”;

(5) in subsection (c)(1), by striking “the pilot areas” and inserting “eligible areas”;

(6) in subsection (e), in the subsection heading, by striking “pilot” and inserting “eligible”;

(B) by inserting “, and $75,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029” before the period at the end; and

“(h) Reports.—Not less than 2 years, and not later than 4 years and 6 months, after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, acting jointly, shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and make publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture a report that—

“(1) describes, for the period beginning on the date of the establishment of the program and ending on the date of the submission of the report—

“(ii) estimated reductions in agriculture and natural resource damage, and improvements to human and livestock health and safety, as a result of feral swine removal;

“(B) the use of funding made available under this section, including the number of counties in each State provided funding; and

“(C) the roles of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the Natural Resources Conservation Service and agricultural producers provided financial assistance under this section in carrying out activities under the program; and

“(A) a determination by the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service as to the extent to which the program has been successful; and

(b) Conforming amendment.—The table of contents for the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4491) is amended by striking the item relating to section 2408 and inserting the following:

Section 2409(a) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4575) is amended by striking “2014 through 2018” and inserting “2019 through 2023”.

Section 2507 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb–6) is amended—

“(A) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended.

“(B) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Any funds made available to carry out this section before December 20, 2018, may remain available until expended.”; and

Section 205 of the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act (43 U.S.C. 1595) is amended—

(1) by striking the section designation and all that follows through “(a) The Secretary” and inserting the following:

“SEC. 205. Salinity control units; authority and functions of the Secretary of the Interior.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—In recognition of Federal responsibility for the Colorado River as an interstate stream and for international comity with Mexico, Federal ownership of the land of the Colorado River Basin from which most of the dissolved salts originate, and the policy established in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) and except as provided in clause (ii), the following shall be nonreimbursable:

“(I) 75 percent of the total costs of construction and replacement of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by section 202(a)(1), including 90 percent of—

“(aa) the costs of operation and maintenance of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by that section; and

“(bb) the total costs of construction, operation, and maintenance of the associated measures to replace incidental fish and wildlife values foregone.

“(II) 75 percent of the total costs of construction and replacement of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by section 202(a)(2), including 100 percent of—

“(aa) the costs of operation and maintenance of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by that section; and

“(bb) the total costs of construction, operation, and maintenance of the associated measures to replace incidental fish and wildlife values foregone.

“(III) 75 percent of the total costs of construction, operation, maintenance, and replacement of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by section 202(a)(3), including 75 percent of the total costs of construction, operation, and maintenance of the associated measures to replace incidental fish and wildlife values foregone.

“(IV) 70 percent of the total costs of construction, operation, maintenance, and replacement of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by paragraphs (4) and (6) of section 202(a), including 70 percent of the total costs of construction, operation, and maintenance of the associated measures to replace incidental fish and wildlife values foregone.

“(V) 70 percent of the total costs of construction and replacement of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by section 202(a)(5), including 100 percent of—

“(aa) the costs of operation and maintenance of each unit or separable feature of a unit authorized by that section; and

“(bb) the total costs of construction, operation, and maintenance of the associated measures to replace incidental fish and wildlife values foregone.

“(VI) 85 percent of the total costs of implementation of the on-farm measures authorized by section 202(c), including 85 percent of the total costs of the associated measures to replace incidental fish and wildlife values foregone.

“(ii) SPECIAL RULE FOR NONREIMBURSABLE COSTS FOR FISCAL YEARS 2024 AND 2025.—Notwithstanding clause (i), for each of fiscal years 2024 and 2025, the following shall be nonreimbursable:

“(IV) The percentages of all costs described in subclauses (III), (IV), and (VI) of clause (i).

“(B) REIMBURSABLE COSTS.—The total costs remaining after the allocations under clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A) shall be reimbursable as provided for in paragraphs (2), (3), (4), and (5).”;

(3) in subsection (b), by striking the subsection designation and all that follows through “Costs of construction” in paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

(4) in subsection (c), by striking “(c) Costs of construction” and inserting the following:

“(c) Costs payable from Upper Colorado River Basin Fund.—Costs of construction”; and

(5) in subsection (e), by striking “(e) The Secretary is” and inserting the following:

Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 is amended by inserting after section 1240O (16 U.S.C. 3939bb–2) the following:

“(1) CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED.—the term ‘Chesapeake Bay watershed’ means—

“(A) the portions of the States of Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia that contain the tributaries, backwaters, and side channels, including their watersheds, that drain into the Chesapeake Bay; and

“(2) MOST EFFECTIVE BASINS.—The term ‘most effective basins’ means the local rivers and streams located within the Chesapeake Bay watershed that are identified by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency as being most beneficial to the downstream Chesapeake Bay if prioritized for water quality improvement.

“(b) Establishment and purpose.—The Secretary shall carry out a Chesapeake Bay States' Partnership Initiative (referred to in this section as the ‘Initiative’) to assist producers in implementing conservation activities on agricultural land in the Chesapeake Bay watershed for the purposes of—

“(2) restoring, enhancing, and preserving soil, air, and related resources in the Chesapeake Bay watershed; and

“(3) increasing the resilience of agricultural production in the Chesapeake Bay watershed to withstand the impacts of climate change.

“(c) Conservation activities.—The Secretary shall deliver the funds made available to carry out this section through applicable programs under this subtitle, including by providing enrollment opportunities that are targeted to the Chesapeake Bay watershed, to assist producers in enhancing land and water resources—

“(1) by controlling erosion and reducing sediment and nutrient levels in ground and surface water; and

“(2) by planning, designing, implementing, and evaluating habitat conservation, restoration, and enhancement measures where there is significant ecological value if the land is—

“(d) Considerations.—In delivering the funds made available to carry out this section, the Secretary shall give special consideration to applications—

“(2) to carry out conservation activities that reduce nitrogen and sediment, improve management of livestock and waste, and conserve wetlands.

“(e) Duties of the Secretary.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall—

“(1) where available, use existing plans, models, and assessments to assist producers in implementing conservation activities; and

“(2) proceed expeditiously to deliver funding to a producer to implement conservation activities that are consistent with State strategies for the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

“(1) in consultation with appropriate Federal agencies, ensure conservation activities carried out under this section complement Federal, State, and local programs, including programs that address water quality, in the Chesapeake Bay watershed; and

“(2) in carrying out this section, coordinate with the Farm Service Agency to identify needs and opportunities for buffer management on land subject to a contract under the conservation reserve program under subchapter B of chapter 1 that may be expiring soon.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall jointly establish a Federal task force, to be known as the ‘Task Force on Crediting Chesapeake Bay Conservation Investments’ (referred to in this subsection as the ‘task force’).

“(A) identifies improvements to the processes of analyzing, reporting, and quantifying nutrient reductions from the conservation activities in the Chesapeake Bay watershed;

“(B) is responsive to the needs of States in the Chesapeake Bay watershed (including the District of Columbia) and the agricultural community;

“(C) maintains the scientific integrity of the decision-making process and accounting tools under the Initiative and the Chesapeake Bay Program (as defined in section 117(a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1267(a))); and

“(3) IDENTIFICATION OF OPPORTUNITIES.—The task force shall leverage findings from successful data sharing pilots to identify opportunities to integrate time-saving technologies for the implementation of conservation activities under this section.

“(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $375,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to remain available until expended.

“(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each fiscal year.

“(3) UNOBLIGATED FUNDS.—The Secretary may use to carry out this section amounts made available for the programs described in paragraphs (3) through (6) of section 1241(a) for any fiscal year that remain unobligated at the end of that fiscal year.”.

Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(a) Establishment.—The Secretary shall establish a Driftless Area Landscape Conservation Initiative to reduce erosion and restore cold water stream corridors in the Driftless Area of the Midwestern United States, with a focus on climate-smart agriculture, carbon sequestration, soil health, and ecological restoration.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the initiative established under this section, the Secretary shall provide assistance to producers to implement practices—

“(A) to manage working land for year-round ground cover to rebuild soil, sequester carbon, improve water quality, increase water holding capacity of soil, reduce soil erosion, and mitigate flooding and other climate impacts;

“(B) to manage woodland for increased biodiversity to improve the health of the woodland to provide habitat and sequester carbon;

“(C) to restore prairies and manage grassland, oak savannas, and barrens to expand habitat and sequester carbon; and

“(D) to restore cold water streams by reducing stream bank erosion and threats of flooding while improving trout habitat.

“(2) PARTNERSHIPS.—In carrying out the initiative established under this section, the Secretary shall provide assistance to partnerships to educate landowners and operators on the benefits of climate-smart agriculture, soil health, and holistic grazing, with a focus on equity.

“(3) TYPES OF ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary may provide assistance under this section in the form of financial assistance, technical assistance, and payments for the conveyance of easements to the Secretary, under such terms as the Secretary may establish.

“(1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each fiscal year.

“(2) UNOBLIGATED FUNDS.—The Secretary may use to carry out this section amounts made available for the programs described in paragraphs (3) through (6) of section 1241(a) for any fiscal year that remain unobligated at the end of that fiscal year.”.

(a) Definition of Northeastern United States.—In this section, the term “Northeastern United States” means the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, and any other States determined by the Secretary.

(b) Expansion.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall expand the snow survey and water supply forecasting program carried out by the Natural Resources Conservation Service to serve the Northeastern United States.

(a) In general.—Section 1241 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841) is amended—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall use the funds, facilities, and authorities of the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out the programs described in this subsection, including the provision of technical assistance.

“(2) CONSERVATION RESERVE.—For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, using the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall carry out the conservation reserve program under subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D, to the maximum extent practicable, including using $60,000,000 to provide payments under section 1234(c).

“(A) FUNDING.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out the agricultural conservation easement program under subtitle H, to the maximum extent practicable—

“(B) USE OF FUNDS.—Of the funds made available by subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall use not less than 80 percent to carry out the purposes described in section 21001(a)(3) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2016).

“(A) FUNDING.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out the environmental quality incentives program under subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D, to the maximum extent practicable—

“(B) USE OF FUNDS.—Of the funds made available by subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall use not less than 60 percent to carry out the purposes described in section 21001(a)(1) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2015).

“(C) CONDITIONS.—The use of amounts described in subparagraph (B) shall be subject to the conditions described in section 21001(a)(1)(B) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2015).

“(A) FUNDING.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out the conservation stewardship program under subchapter B of chapter 4 of subtitle D, to the maximum extent practicable—

“(B) USE OF FUNDS.—Of the funds made available by subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall use not less than 50 percent to carry out the purposes described in section 21001(a)(2) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2016).

“(C) CONDITIONS.—The use of amounts described in subparagraph (B) shall be subject to the conditions described in section 21001(a)(2)(B) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2016).

“(D) CONTRACTS PREVIOUSLY ENTERED INTO.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use such sums as are necessary to administer contracts entered into before December 20, 2018, under the conservation stewardship program under subchapter B of chapter 2 of subtitle D (as in effect on December 19, 2018).

“(A) FUNDING.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out the regional conservation partnership program under subtitle I, to the maximum extent practicable—

“(C) CONDITIONS.—The use of amounts described in subparagraph (B) shall be subject to the conditions described in section 21001(a)(4)(B) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2016).”; and

(2) in subsection (b), by striking “fiscal years 2014 through 2031” and inserting “fiscal year 2014 and each fiscal year thereafter”.

(b) Rescission.—The unobligated balances of amounts appropriated by section 21001(a) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2015) are rescinded.

(c) Assistance to certain farmers or ranchers for conservation access.—Section 1241(h) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(h)) is amended—

(A) in the subparagraph heading, by striking “Fiscal years 2019 through 2031” and inserting “Subsequent fiscal years”; and

(B) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “each of fiscal years 2019 through 2031” and inserting “fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter”; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “and, in the case of fiscal years 2019 through 2031,” and inserting “and”.

(d) Report on program enrollments and assistance.—Section 1241(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(i)) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “each of calendar years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “calendar year 2019 and each calendar year thereafter”.

(e) Conservation standards and requirements.—Section 1241(j)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(j)(1)) is amended—

(2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(D) a schedule for the revision of existing, and establishment of new, conservation practice standards under section 1242(h).”.

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as paragraphs (2) and (4), respectively;

“(1) APPROVED NON-FEDERAL CERTIFYING ENTITY.—The term ‘approved non-Federal certifying entity’ means a non-Federal entity approved by the Secretary under subsection (e)(5)(C)(ii) to perform certifications of third-party providers under this section.”; and

“(3) FARMER-TO-FARMER NETWORK.—The term ‘farmer-to-farmer network’ means any affiliation or association of farmers that share information, technical assistance, or any other type of mutually beneficial support.”;

(2) in subsection (b), by striking “science-based, site-specific practices designed” and inserting “timely, science-based, and site-specific practice design and implementation assistance”;

(3) in subsection (d), by inserting “(including private sector entities)” after “non-Federal entities”;

(A) in paragraph (2), by striking “Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008” and inserting “Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024”;

(B) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking “ensure” and all that follows through “engineering,” and inserting “ensure that third-party providers with expertise in the technical aspects of conservation planning, watershed planning, environmental engineering, conservation practice design, implementation, and evaluation, or other technical skills, as determined by the Secretary,”; and

“(4) CERTIFICATION.—The Secretary shall certify a third-party provider through—

“(A) a certification process administered by the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service;

“(B) a non-Federal entity (other than a State agency) approved by the Secretary to perform the certification; or

“(C) a State agency with State statutory authority to certify, administer, or license professionals in one or more fields of natural resources, agriculture, or engineering approved by the Secretary to perform the certification.

“(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall establish a process for the certification of third-party providers through approved non-Federal certifying entities, with the goal of increasing third-party provider capacity, including the certification of qualified agricultural retailers, cooperatives, professional societies, service providers, and organizations described in section 1265A(3)(B)(i).

“(B) ELIGIBILITY OF NON-FEDERAL ENTITIES.—In determining the eligibility of an entity described in subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (4) (referred to in this paragraph as a ‘non-Federal entity’) to perform certifications, the Secretary shall consider—

“(i) the ability and capacity of the non-Federal entity to assess qualifications of a third-party provider and certify third-party providers at scale;

“(ii) the experience of the non-Federal entity in working with third-party providers and eligible participants;

“(iii) the expertise of the non-Federal entity in the technical and science-based aspects of conservation delivery described in paragraph (3)(A);

“(iv) the history of the non-Federal entity in working with agricultural producers; and

“(C) APPROVAL.—Not later than 40 business days after the date on which the Secretary receives an application submitted by a non-Federal entity to perform certifications of third-party providers under this section, the Secretary shall—

“(i) determine if the non-Federal entity meets the eligibility requirements established under subparagraph (B); and

“(ii) if the Secretary makes a positive determination under clause (i), approve the non-Federal entity to perform certifications of third-party providers under this section.

“(D) TIMELY DECISIONS.—Not later than 10 business days after the date on which the Secretary receives a notification submitted by a third-party provider that the third-party provider has been certified by an approved non-Federal certifying entity to provide technical assistance for specified practices and conservation activities, the Secretary shall—

“(ii) if the certification is satisfactory to the Secretary, include the name of the third-party provider on the registry of certified third-party providers maintained by the Secretary.

“(E) DUTIES OF APPROVED NON-FEDERAL CERTIFYING ENTITIES.—An approved non-Federal certifying entity shall—

“(i) assess the ability of a third-party provider to appropriately provide technical assistance to eligible participants for specified practices and conservation activities; and

“(ii) provide to third-party providers certified by the approved non-Federal certifying entity—

“(I) training to ensure that the third-party providers are qualified to provide the technical assistance described in clause (i); and

“(II) continuing education, as appropriate, to ensure that the third-party providers are educated in the most recent technical- and science-based aspects of conservation delivery.

“(6) STREAMLINED CERTIFICATION.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall provide a streamlined certification process for a third-party provider that has an appropriate specialty certification, including a certified crop advisor certified by the American Society of Agronomy, a professional engineer, or a holder of a technical certification approved by the Secretary.”;

(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting “and for the purpose of carrying out subsection (k)” before the period at the end;

(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting “or an approved non-Federal certifying entity” after “third-party provider”;

“(3) REVIEW.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, and additionally thereafter at the discretion of the Secretary, the Secretary shall—

“(B) make any adjustments considered necessary by the Secretary to improve participation and the quality and effectiveness of conservation practices implemented and adopted with support from technical service providers; and

“(C) conduct outreach to and receive input from third-party providers, both that currently participate in the program under this section and those that no longer participate in the program, and entities, organizations, and associations providing or supporting consultative services to agriculture, livestock, and forest producers to assess barriers and opportunities for the use of third-party provider assistance for improved conservation program delivery.”;

(D) in paragraph (4)(A)(i), by inserting “maintenance,” after “outreach,”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish fair and reasonable amounts of payments for technical services provided by third-party providers at rates equivalent to, but that do not exceed, technical assistance provided by the Secretary.

“(B) CONSIDERATIONS.—In determining fair and reasonable payment amounts under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consider specialized equipment, frequency of site visits, training, travel and transportation, and such other factors as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

“(C) EXCLUSION.—A payment provided under another Federal program directly to an eligible participant for technical assistance provided by a third-party provider certified under this section shall be—

“(i) excluded from cost-sharing requirements under the program under which the payment was provided; and

“(ii) equal to not more than 100 percent of the fair and reasonable payment amount for the applicable technical assistance determined under subparagraph (B).

“(6) TRANSPARENCY.—Not later than 1 year after the date of establishment of the processes under paragraphs (5)(A) and (6) of subsection (e), and routinely thereafter, the Secretary shall provide accessible public information on—

“(i) contracts entered into between eligible participants and individual third-party providers; and

“(ii) agreements with public and private sector entities to secure third-party technical assistance;

“(iii) the number of third-party providers certified through approved non-Federal certifying entities; and

“(iv) the number of third-party providers certified based on State agency or professional association credentialing; and

“(C) the estimated number of staff hours or full-time equivalents saved through work accomplished by third-party providers.”;

(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting “Establishment and” before “Review”;

(I) by striking “not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018” and inserting “not less frequently than once every 5 years”;

(III) by striking “that Act” and inserting “the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024”;

(iii) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

“(E) provide an opportunity for public input on each conservation practice standard under review;

“(F) publicly post a summary of comments received under subparagraph (E) and decisions made or not made due to those comments; and

(C) in paragraph (2), by inserting “Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, Native Hawaiian organizations,” after “nongovernmental organizations,”;

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall—

“(i) develop, for the programs under this title, a streamlined, publicly accessible, administrative process for establishing, including proposing, reviewing, and adopting, interim conservation practice standards and conservation practice standards; and

“(ii) publish a detailed description of the process developed under clause (i), including—

“(B) REQUIREMENTS.—Under the process established under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall—

“(i) consider conservation innovations, scientific and technological advancements, and traditional ecological knowledge, including from projects developed under section 1240H;

“(I) interim conservation practice standards and supplements to existing conservation practice standards to address the considerations described in clause (i); and

“(II) partnership-led proposals for new and innovative techniques to facilitate implementing agreements and grants under this title;

“(iii) solicit regular input from State technical committees established under section 1261(a) for recommendations that identify innovations or advancements described in clause (i); and

“(iv) allow for public submission of proposals for consideration as interim conservation practice standards.

“(C) PUBLIC INFORMATION.—Under the process established under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall make publicly available information describing—

“(ii) the process by which the public can submit to the Secretary proposals for consideration as interim conservation practice standards, including a template and written instructions for how to submit a conservation practice for consideration;

“(iii) the data, metrics, third-party or scientific information, and other relevant information that the Secretary needs to consider in the establishment of interim conservation practice standards;

“(iv) the process by which an interim conservation practice standard becomes a conservation practice standard;

“(v) the means by which the public can engage State technical committees established under section 1261(a) to consider interim conservation practice standards already in effect in other States; and

“(vi) such other information as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.”;

(I) by striking “Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018” and inserting “Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024”; and

(II) by striking “Congress a report on—” and inserting “Congress and make publicly available on a website of the Department of Agriculture a report describing—”;

(ii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “a detailed description of” before “the administrative”;

(iv) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(D) such other information as the Secretary determines to be appropriate with respect to improving the process for reviewing and establishing conservation practice standards.”; and

“(5) ENTERIC METHANE EMISSIONS.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary shall—

“(A) complete a review of conservation practice standards in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this paragraph to consider any revisions to conservation practice standards, including for feed management, or new conservation practice standards that would be appropriate to assist in reducing enteric methane emissions;

“(B) revise appropriate conservation practice standards in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this paragraph as necessary to assist in reducing enteric methane emissions; and

“(C) establish any appropriate new conservation practice standards to assist in reducing enteric methane emissions.”; and

“(1) DEFINITION OF NATIVE ENTITY.—In this subsection, the term ‘Native entity’ means—

“(2) INCORPORATING NATIVE TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE.—The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, fully incorporate Native traditional ecological knowledge into the conservation practice standards, including the Native conservation practice standards developed under paragraph (3).

“(A) WORKING GROUPS.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall establish in each service area office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service a working group consisting of—

“(i) a representative from the applicable State technical committee established under section 1261(a);

“(ii) the applicable State Conservationist of the Natural Resources Conservation Service; and

“(iii) a designated representative from each Native entity within the service area that elects to participate.

“(B) DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS.—Each working group established under subparagraph (A) shall develop technical standards based on Native traditional ecological knowledge to be—

“(i) recognized as Native conservation practice standards for the applicable service area; and

“(ii) incorporated into the Natural Resources Conservation Service field office technical guide for the applicable service area.

“(A) to build capacity for farmer-to-farmer networks, connect farmers with mentors or group learning opportunities, and support goal setting to increase long-term adoption of consistent, science-based, site-specific practices designed to achieve conservation objectives on land active in agricultural, forestry, or related uses;

“(B) to increase the provision of technical assistance that meets the specific needs of, and is accessible to, farmers, ranchers, and forest owners using different farming models, practices, and scales; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may enter into cooperative agreements with eligible entities to carry out the purposes described in paragraph (1).

“(B) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—An entity eligible to enter into a cooperative agreement with the Secretary under subparagraph (A) is—

“(i) a nonprofit entity described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of that Code;

“(v) a Native Hawaiian organization, including the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs;

“(vi) a unit of local government (including a conservation district and a conservation district association);

“(C) PRIORITIZATION.—In selecting eligible entities with which to enter into cooperative agreements under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall give priority to eligible entities that seek to meet the specific needs of, and are accessible to—

“(i) historically underserved farmers, ranchers, and forest owners, including limited-resource farmers, ranchers, and forest owners; or

“(3) RESPONSIBILITIES OF PROVIDERS OF ASSISTANCE TO FARMER-TO-FARMER NETWORKS.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—If an eligible entity provides assistance to establish a farmer-to-farmer network using assistance provided through a cooperative agreement under paragraph (2), the eligible entity shall be responsible for not less than 2 of the following actions:

“(iii) Coordinating training and resources to build the skills of farmer-to-farmer network leaders and participants for effective education, grassroots-based learning, and cross-training with respect to the facilitation of, information about, and other skills with respect to building effective farmer-to-farmer networks.

“(iv) Maintaining and promulgating a list of relevant entities, associations, and individuals that are supporting, or have an interest in supporting, farmer-to-farmer networks.

“(v) Administering subawards to increase farmer access to farmer-to-farmer assistance in accordance with paragraph (4).

“(B) LANGUAGE ASSISTANCE.—If an eligible entity provides assistance described in subparagraph (A) to a non-English speaking farmer, rancher, or forest owner, the eligible entity shall, to the greatest extent practicable, provide that assistance in the native language of the farmer, rancher, or forest owner.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—If an eligible entity awards a subaward pursuant to paragraph (3)(A)(v) to an eligible subawardee described in subparagraph (B), the eligible subawardee shall use that award—

“(i) to plan and conduct events, and identify and develop innovative activities, to support building capacity for farmer-to-farmer networks, connecting farmers with mentors or group learning opportunities, and supporting goal setting to increase long-term adoption of consistent, science-based, site-specific conservation objectives on land active in agricultural, forestry, or related uses; and

“(ii) to compensate participants in the events and activities described in clause (i) at market rates.

“(B) ELIGIBLE SUBAWARDEES.—An entity eligible for a subaward under paragraph (3)(A)(v) is—

“(i) a nonprofit entity described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of that Code;

“(v) a Native Hawaiian organization (as defined in section 6207 of the Native Hawaiian Education Act (20 U.S.C. 7517));

“(vi) a unit of local government (including a conservation district and a conservation district association);

“(C) REQUIREMENTS.—The Secretary, in conjunction with the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall establish any necessary additional requirements for subawards under paragraph (3)(A)(v).

“(l) Technical assistance on agrivoltaics.—In carrying out the conservation programs under this title, the Secretary may provide technical assistance under those programs to farmers growing crops below or in tandem with solar energy systems.”.

(2) in subsection (m), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “subtitle D and” and all that follows through “the Secretary shall” and inserting “subtitle D, the environmental quality incentives program under subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D, and the agricultural conservation easement program under subtitle H, and in entering into alternative funding arrangements under the regional conservation partnership program under section 1271C(d), the Secretary shall”; and

“(q) Encouragement of habitat connectivity and wildlife migration corridors.—In carrying out any conservation program administered by the Secretary, the Secretary may, as appropriate, encourage—

“(1) the conservation of landscape corridors and hydrologic connectivity, where native fish, wildlife, and plant species and ecological processes can transition from one habitat to another, in order to conserve native biodiversity and ensure resiliency against impacts from a range of stressors; and

“(2) the use of conservation practices that support the development, restoration, and maintenance of landscape corridors and hydrologic connectivity.”.

Subtitle E of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(a) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’), in collaboration with the Secretary of Energy (including the Solar Energy Technologies Office) and the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development, shall—

“(1) develop both national and regionally relevant guidance on best practices for protection of soil health and productivity during the siting, construction, operation, and decommissioning of solar energy systems on agricultural land, which shall include—

“(iii) vegetation management, including types of plants best suited for pollinators; and

“(B) regional considerations for each type of guidance described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subparagraph (A); and

“(2) make the guidance developed under paragraph (1) publicly available on the website of the Natural Resources Conservation Service.

“(b) Review required.—The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, shall—

“(1) update guidance developed under subsection (a)(1) not less frequently than once every 2 years; and

“(2) ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, the completeness and relevance of that guidance.

“(c) Consultation.—In conducting the review under subsection (b), the Secretary shall consult with eligible participants, State technical committees established under section 1261(a), crop consultants, cooperative extension and land grant universities, nongovernmental organizations, industry, and other qualified entities.”.

(a) In general.—Section 1265A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865a) is amended—

(I) by striking “an eligible entity” the first place it appears and inserting “one or more eligible entities”; and

(II) by striking “an eligible entity owns or is” and inserting “one or more of those eligible entities own or are”;

(I) in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking “the eligible entity certifies to the Secretary that the” and inserting “each eligible entity certifies to the Secretary that an”;

(aa) by striking the subclause designation and all that follows through “hold” in item (bb) and inserting the following:

(bb) by striking “transfer ownership of the land” and inserting “ownership of the land will be transferred”; and

(III) in subclause (II), by inserting “that owns the land subject to the agricultural land easement held by another eligible entity” after “eligible entity”; and

“(III) at no time hold both an agricultural land easement and ownership of the land subject to that agricultural land easement; and”; and

(iii) in clause (iii), by striking “by the eligible entity” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting “by one or more eligible entities if such an eligible entity fails to transfer ownership under clause (ii).”; and

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking “(A)(ii)(I)(bb)” and inserting “(A)(ii)(I)”;

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (7) as paragraphs (4) through (8), respectively;

“(3) BUY-SELL-PROTECT TRANSACTION.—The term ‘buy-sell-protect transaction’ means a legal arrangement—

“(A) between one or more eligible entities and the Secretary relating to land that one or more of those eligible entities own or are going to purchase prior to acquisition of an agricultural land easement; and

“(B) under which each eligible entity certifies to the Secretary that an eligible entity shall hold an agricultural land easement on that land, but ownership of the land will be transferred to a farmer or rancher that is not an eligible entity prior to or on acquisition of the agricultural land easement.”; and

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “tribal land” and inserting “Tribal land”; and

(b) Conforming amendment.—Section 1271A(4)(I) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871a(4)(I)) is amended by striking “1265A(3)(B)” and inserting “1265A(4)(B)”.

(a) Availability of assistance.—Section 1265B(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b(a)) is amended—

(2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(b) Cost-Share assistance.—Section 1265B(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b(b)) is amended—

(A) in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “50 percent” and inserting “60 percent, except as provided in subparagraph (B)(ii)(I),”; and

(i) in clause (i), by striking “that is at least equivalent to that provided by the Secretary” and inserting “of not less than 40 percent, except as provided in clause (ii)(II), of the fair market value of the agricultural land easement”; and

(I) by striking “Secretary, the Secretary” and inserting the following: “Secretary—

“(II) the eligible entity shall provide a share that is not less than 20 percent of the fair market value of the agricultural land easement.”; and

“(A) CERTIFICATION PURPOSE.—The purpose of the certification of eligible entities under this paragraph is—

“(ii) to recognize the ability of experienced eligible entities to carry out the purposes of the program with minimal oversight by the Secretary.

“(B) CERTIFICATION PROCESS.—The Secretary shall establish a process under which the Secretary—

“(i) directly certifies eligible entities that meet established criteria described in subparagraph (C) or (D);

“(iii) accepts proposals for cost-share assistance for the purchase of agricultural land easements throughout the duration of such agreements;

“(iv) allows a certified eligible entity to use its own terms and conditions, notwithstanding paragraph (4)(C), as long as the terms and conditions are consistent with the purposes of the program;

“(v) may allow a certified eligible entity to include the minimum deed terms established by the Secretary under paragraph (4)(C); and

“(vi) may allow a certified eligible entity to assist a non-certified eligible entity in the purchase and stewardship of an agricultural land easement.

“(C) CERTIFICATION CRITERIA FOR ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—To be certified through the process established under subparagraph (B), an eligible entity shall demonstrate to the Secretary that the eligible entity—

“(i) will maintain, at a minimum, for the duration of the agreement and the duration of each agricultural land easement acquired under the agreement—

“(I) a plan for administering agricultural land easements that is consistent with the purposes of the program;

“(II) the capacity and resources to monitor and enforce agricultural land easements consistent with the purposes of the program; and

“(aa) the long-term integrity of agricultural land easements on eligible land consistent with the purposes of the program;

“(cc) timely and complete evaluation and reporting to the Secretary on the use of funds provided under the program; and

“(dd) compliance with program requirements, including timely notifications to the Secretary required under the program, such as notifications of de minimis adjustments in accordance with section 1265D(c)(6)(B)(iii); and

“(I) acquired not fewer than 10 agricultural land easements under the program; and

“(II) successfully met the responsibilities of the eligible entity under the applicable agreements with the Secretary, as determined by the Secretary, relating to agricultural land easements that the eligible entity has acquired under the program or any predecessor program.

“(D) EXPEDITED CERTIFICATION OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND ACCREDITED LAND TRUSTS.—The Secretary may certify an eligible entity using an expedited certification process under subparagraph (B) if the eligible entity demonstrates that it—

“(I) accredited by the Land Trust Accreditation Commission, or by an equivalent accrediting body, as determined by the Secretary; or

“(II) a public agency with statutory authority for farm and ranchland protection;

“(ii) has acquired not fewer than 5 agricultural land easements under the program or any predecessor program;

“(iii) has successfully met the responsibilities of the eligible entity under the applicable agreements with the Secretary, as determined by the Secretary, relating to agricultural land easements that the eligible entity has acquired under the program or any predecessor program; and

“(E) APPLICABILITY TO REGIONAL CONSERVATION PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM.—The certification of an eligible entity under this paragraph, and the authorities under this paragraph resulting from that certification, shall apply to the establishment by the eligible entity of agricultural land easements under the regional conservation partnership program under subtitle I.

“(I) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a review of eligible entities certified under subparagraph (B) every 3 years to ensure that such certified eligible entities are meeting the criteria established under subparagraphs (C) and (D).

“(II) DE MINIMIS ADJUSTMENTS.—Each review under subclause (I) shall include a review of any de minimis adjustments made by each certified eligible entity under section 1265D(c)(6)(B), including a review of whether timely notification of each de minimis adjustment was made to the Secretary in accordance with clause (iii)(I) of that section.

“(III) NOTIFICATION OF ACCREDITATION ENTITY.—If the Secretary determines in a review under subclause (I) that an eligible entity is not in compliance, the Secretary shall notify the appropriate accrediting or governing body overseeing the certification of the eligible entity under subparagraph (D) of the noncompliance of the eligible entity.

“(I) BASED ON ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA.—If the Secretary finds that a certified eligible entity no longer meets the criteria established under subparagraph (C) or (D), as applicable, the Secretary may—

“(aa) allow the certified eligible entity a specified period of time, at a minimum 180 days, in which to take such actions as may be necessary to meet the criteria; and

“(bb) revoke the certification of the eligible entity, if, after the specified period of time, the certified eligible entity does not meet such criteria.

“(II) FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH DE MINIMIS NOTIFICATIONS.—If an eligible entity fails to comply with notification requirements under section 1265D(c)(6)(B)(iii), the Secretary may—

“(aa) immediately revoke the certification of the eligible entity under this paragraph; and

(1) by striking “subsection (f)” each place it appears and inserting “subsection (g)”;

(2) in subsection (c)(1), by inserting “technical and” before “financial”;

(3) by redesignating subsections (e) through (g) as subsections (f) through (h), respectively;

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Using amounts made available to carry out the program, the Secretary shall, with respect to eligible land enrolled under this section—

“(B) provide technical and financial assistance for the repair, necessary maintenance, and enhancement activities described in the wetland reserve easement plan developed for the eligible land under subsection (g)(1); and

“(C) create and execute a 5-year stewardship plan for assessment, capacity, and performance, ensuring the monitoring, repair, maintenance, and enhancement activities described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) are completed to ensure wetland reserve easements fulfill the purposes of—

“(2) PAYMENTS.—In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall make payments in amounts that are not more than 100 percent of the eligible costs, as determined by the Secretary.

“(3) REPORT.—Not later 2 years after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing—

“(A) an inventory of the existing stewardship needs of all wetland reserve easements;

“(C) the amounts the Secretary will allocate to address those stewardship needs; and

“(D) the planned use of compatible uses under subsection (b)(5)(C), contracts or agreements under subsection (e)(2), or wetland reserve easement plans under subsection (g)(1) to ensure that each of those stewardship needs is addressed.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall assist owners in complying with the terms and conditions of a wetland reserve easement.

“(2) CONTRACTS OR AGREEMENTS.—The Secretary may enter into 1 or more contracts or agreements with a Federal, State, or local government agency, nongovernmental organization, Indian tribe or Tribal organization, or private entity to carry out necessary restoration, enhancement, maintenance, repair, assessment, or monitoring of a wetland reserve easement if the Secretary determines that the contract or agreement will advance the purposes of the program.”; and

(5) in subsection (g) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (3)(A), by striking “Federal or State” and inserting “Federal, State, or Tribal”.

(a) In general.—Section 1265D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865d) is amended—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may approve and make a de minimis adjustment, as determined by the Secretary and subject to conditions determined by the Secretary, to any interest in land, or portion of such interest, administered by the Secretary, directly or on behalf of the Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program if the Secretary determines that the adjustment—

“(i) increases conservation values or has a neutral or limited negative effect on conservation values;

“(ii) is in the public interest or furthers the practical administration of the program; and

“(iii) is not a subordination, modification, exchange, or termination, as determined by the Secretary.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may authorize an eligible entity certified under section 1265B(b)(5) that has demonstrated the ability to make easement management decisions consistent with the purposes of the program to approve and make de minimis adjustments described in clause (ii) to any interest in eligible land held by the certified eligible entity if the certified eligible entity determines that the adjustment—

“(I) increases conservation values or has a neutral or limited negative effect on conservation values;

“(II) is consistent with the program purposes for which the interest was originally acquired and furthers the practical administration of the program;

“(IV) is not made with respect to an easement that is co-held by the United States.

“(ii) TYPES OF DE MINIMIS ADJUSTMENTS.—The de minimis adjustments referred to in clause (i) are limited to—

“(III) changes in legal descriptions as a result of minor survey or mapping errors;

“(IV) changes to a building envelope boundary that do not increase the total square footage of the impervious surface of the original building envelope boundary; and

“(iii) NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 30 days after the date on which a certified eligible entity records a de minimis adjustment under clause (i), the certified eligible entity shall provide to the Secretary a notice of the de minimis adjustment and a copy of the recorded instrument.

“(iv) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this subparagraph requires the Secretary to determine whether each eligible entity seeking certification under section 1265B(b)(5) meets the requirements to make de minimis adjustments under this subparagraph.”; and

“(1) CONSERVATION AND WETLAND PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS.—The Secretary may not provide assistance under this subtitle to an eligible entity or owner of eligible land unless the owner of the eligible land, at the time of acquisition of an easement under this subtitle, is in compliance with applicable requirements under subtitles B and C.

“(2) EQUITABLE TREATMENT.—The Secretary shall ensure the equitable treatment of a purchaser of eligible land under a purchase agreement, an installment land contract, or a lease-to-own agreement by—

“(B) appropriately identifying the seller of the land based on the instrument; and

“(C) addressing the interests of the parties described in subparagraphs (A) and (B), as determined necessary by the Secretary, by the time of acquisition of an easement under this subtitle.”.

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a study to determine the feasibility of establishing a groundwater conservation easement program within the agricultural conservation easement program established under subtitle H of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865 et seq.).

(A) examine the impact of legal regimes governing water rights on the establishment of easements across the United States, particularly focused on how water rights under State laws can be purchased or regulated by the Federal Government as a property right;

(B) examine the feasibility of establishing an easement program devoted to purchasing eligible water rights either in perpetuity or for a term, which may include establishing easements on eligible land associated with such water rights, through groundwater conservation easements;

(C) analyze how the establishment of a groundwater conservation easement program would incentivize farmers and ranchers to discontinue irrigation practices and to adopt groundwater conservation management practices;

(D) consider what potential effects a groundwater conservation easement program would have on sustainable groundwater management, the recharging of declining aquifers, and the reduction of reliance on groundwater water supply;

(E) assess the effectiveness of a groundwater conservation easement program if the landowner or eligible entity has the right to continue agricultural production and other uses compatible with sustainable groundwater management while participating in the program;

(F) analyze the elements of the groundwater conservation easement program that may not be consistent with the agricultural conservation easement program, such as—

(i) the length of an easement agreement to restore and enhance groundwater-dependent ecosystems; and

(ii) technical assistance to implement the groundwater conservation easement program; and

(iii) revegetating land with plants that can survive drought and do not require irrigation.

(3) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the findings of the study conducted under paragraph (1), including findings relating to each of the matters described in paragraph (2).

Section 1271(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871(b)) is amended—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (D) as clauses (i) through (iv), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(i) by striking “eligible activities to” and inserting “projects that”; and

“(B) The following programs, as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024:

“(i) The water bank program established under the Water Bank Act (16 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.).

“(ii) The agricultural management assistance program established under section 524(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1524(b)).”;

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (5) as paragraphs (4) through (6), respectively;

“(3) To encourage the reduction of greenhouse gases, and the adaptation to and mitigation of climate change, through the coordinated efforts of eligible partners, producers, and Federal, State, local, and Tribal governments.”;

(i) by striking “affect” and inserting “create conservation benefits across”; and

“(C) implementing or establishing a soil health plan or program of a State or Tribal government.”;

(5) in paragraph (5) (as so redesignated), by striking “through partnership agreements”;

(A) by striking “conservation projects to achieve” and inserting “innovative methods of conservation delivery that generate”; and

“(7) To facilitate the conversion from concentrated animal feeding operations to climate-friendly agricultural production systems, including regenerative grazing, agroforestry, organic, and diversified crop and livestock production systems.”.

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (5), (6), and (7) as paragraphs (2) through (6), (8), and (9), respectively;

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘conservation benefit’ means, with respect to an eligible activity, the resulting—

“(B) MEASUREMENT.—A conservation benefit (as defined in subparagraph (A)) may be measured or modeled by an eligible partner for the purposes of reporting a verifiable, quantifiable improvement in the natural resource concern targeted by the applicable eligible activity.”;

“(A) a practice, activity, agreement, easement, or related conservation measure that is available under the statutory authority for a covered program; and

“(B) a practice, activity, agreement, easement, or related conservation measure that—

“(B) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—The term ‘eligible land’ may include other spaces on which identified or expected resource concerns related to agricultural production could be addressed under the program, as determined by the Secretary, such as urban agriculture and other innovative production methods.”;

(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking “tribe” and inserting “Tribe or Tribal organization”;

“(L) An agricultural retailer (including an agrichemical business and a farm retail outlet or supplier).

“(M) Any other entity that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.”; and

“(7) PERFORMANCE-BASED PAYMENTS.—The term ‘performance-based payments’ means payments to a producer by an eligible partner under section 1271C(d) to purchase quantified and verified conservation benefits.”.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—A partnership agreement shall be for a period not to exceed 5 years, subject to renewal or extension.”;

(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting “not more than one time” after “renewed under subsection (e)(5)”;

(C) in paragraph (3), by striking “of a partnership agreement” and all that follows through “12 months,” and inserting “thereof, may each be extended under subsection (e)(6) not more than 2 times for a period of not longer than 24 months each,”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—A partnership agreement entered into on or after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 shall not affect, modify, or interfere with any partnership agreement in effect on the day before that date of enactment.

“(B) MODIFICATION OF EXISTING AGREEMENTS.—To implement the amendments made to this subsection by the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024—

“(i) the signatories to a partnership agreement in effect on the day before the date of enactment of that Act may mutually agree to a modification of the length of, and options for renewals and extensions available for, that partnership agreement; and

“(ii) the Secretary shall provide an opportunity for the signatories to a partnership agreement described in clause (i) to modify the partnership agreement pursuant to that clause without requiring the renegotiation of any other provision of the partnership agreement.”;

(i) in the paragraph heading, by striking “In general” and inserting “Mandatory duties”; and

(I) in clause (i), by striking “each conservation benefit” and all that follows through “; and” and inserting “the conservation benefits of the partnership agreement;”;

“(ii) any barriers that prevented the project from achieving the conservation benefits of the partnership agreement; and”; and

(IV) in clause (iii) (as so redesignated), by striking “project” and inserting “project and lessons learned through the implementation of the project”;

“(2) DISCRETIONARY DUTIES.—Under a partnership agreement, the eligible partner may—

“(A) provide technical and financial assistance to producers to design, implement, and monitor eligible activities on eligible land; and

“(B) contract or establish sub-agreements or grants for financial or technical assistance, including performance-based payments, with producers or other entities to carry out the project.”; and

“(i) REQUIREMENT.—An eligible partner shall provide a significant contribution towards the implementation of the project that is the subject of the agreement entered into under subsection (a), as determined by the Secretary.

“(ii) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a contribution of an eligible partner under this paragraph may be used to meet matching or cost participation requirements under other Federal programs (other than Department of Agriculture programs) and non-Federal programs.”; and

“(iii) project financing that helps expedite project implementation; or”; and

(IV) in clause (iv) (as so redesignated) by striking “and in-kind support” and inserting “, in-kind support, or financing”;

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraphs (A) through (C) and inserting the following:

“(A) finalizing the partnership agreement not later than 180 days after the date on which the Secretary announces the awarding of the partnership agreement;

“(B) finalizing renewal or extension agreements not later than 120 days after the date of approval of the renewal or extension;

“(C) reimbursing eligible partners not later than 30 days after the date of submission of a complete reimbursement request;

“(D) in the case of a partnership agreement that is funded through an alternative funding arrangement or grant agreement under section 1271C(b), reimbursing eligible partners not later than 30 days after the date of a complete submission of receipts for the payments made to producers by the eligible partner for carrying out eligible activities;

“(E) in the case of a project focused on delivering eligible activities described in section 1271A(3)(B), identifying appropriate timelines to finalize partnership agreements, renewals, and extensions based on the innovative nature of the eligible activities proposed for the project while ensuring that review of agreements, renewals, and extensions takes place as soon as practicable;

“(F) providing payments to an eligible partner for goods and services that support program implementation, as identified by the Secretary; and

“(G) in the case of a cost-share agreement with an eligible entity (as defined in section 1265A) in an approved project area, provide payments to the eligible entity to assist with the purchase of an easement on eligible land with a producer;”;

“(3) make covered program authorities, such as entity certification under section 1265B(b)(5), available, but not required, in the implementation of a partnership agreement;”;

(E) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by striking “guidance” and inserting “guidance, including suggested quantification models,”; and

“(5) make funding available to not-for-profit entities and land-grant colleges and universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) to make assessment tools more broadly available to eligible partners; and

“(6) publish public-facing reports submitted by the eligible partner under subsection (c)(1)(F) not later than 90 days after the date of expiration of the term of the partnership agreement.”;

(A) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking “project's objectives” and inserting “objectives, including the conservation benefits, of the project”;

(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D), (F), (G), and (H) as subparagraphs (B), (D), (E), and (F), respectively;

(iii) in subparagraph (B) (as so redesignated), by inserting “Tribal,” after “State,”;

“(C) demonstrate that a significant number of historically underserved producers will benefit from the project;”;

(v) in subparagraph (D) (as so redesignated), by striking “area restoration plans” and inserting “area-wide plans”; and

(vi) in subparagraph (F) (as so redesignated), by inserting “emerging” before “factors”; and

“(6) EXTENSIONS.—If the Secretary determines that a project that is the subject of a partnership agreement has made substantial progress towards meeting the objectives of the project, the Secretary may extend the partnership agreement if the 1 or more eligible partners that are parties to the partnership agreement request the extension in order to continue to implement the project under an extension of the partnership agreement.

“(7) NONEXCLUSIVITY OF RENEWALS AND EXTENSIONS.—The granting of an extension under paragraph (6) does not preclude the subsequent granting of a renewal under paragraph (5), and vice versa.”;

“(1) LIMITATION.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall not provide more than $25,000,000 under a partnership agreement.

“(2) RENEWALS.—In the case of a partnership agreement renewed under subsection (e)(5), the Secretary may provide not more than an additional $25,000,000 under the partnership agreement.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), a producer party to a contract entered into under this subtitle may—

“(A) subject to section 1235(j), enroll the land enrolled under the contract in the conservation reserve program established under subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D;

“(B) subject to section 1240B(d)(6), enroll the land enrolled under the contract in the environmental quality incentives program established under subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D; or

“(C) both enroll land in accordance with subparagraph (A) and receive a cost-share assistance in accordance with subparagraph (B).

“(2) LIMITATION.—A producer shall not be eligible for payments for practices on eligible land under the program if the producer receives payments or other benefits for the same practice on the same land under another program under this title.”.

(A) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “for a period of 5 years”;

“(A) IN GENERAL.—On an election by a producer, the Secretary may provide an advance payment for costs related to purchasing materials or contracting associated with implementing an eligible activity.

“(B) RETURN OF FUNDS.—If the funds provided under subparagraph (A) are not expended within 120 days, the Secretary may—

“(ii) require the funds to be returned within a reasonable period, as determined by the Secretary.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—On an election by an eligible partner, the Secretary may provide an advance payment to the eligible partner related to project implementation, as provided in the partnership agreement, including an alternative funding arrangement under subsection (d)(1).

“(B) TIMEFRAME.—If the funds provided under subparagraph (A) are not expended within the period specified in the partnership agreement, but not more than 120 days, the Secretary shall not provide any additional advance payment under that paragraph until the eligible partner demonstrates the ability to expend the funds within the applicable period.

“(C) RETURN OF FUNDS.—The Secretary may determine that an eligible partner is in violation of the partnership agreement and require the funds to be returned within a reasonable period, as determined by the Secretary, if the eligible partner—

“(ii) otherwise fails to manage any funds in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement.”;

(ii) by striking “shall—” in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and all that follows through “under a” in the matter preceding clause (i) of subparagraph (A) and inserting “shall, under a”;

(iii) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(iv) in subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated), by striking “and” at the end; and

“(C) in the case of an agreement with an Indian Tribe or a Tribal organization, provide an opportunity for the Indian Tribe or Tribal organization to develop with the Secretary projects that—

“(ii) allow for flexibility in conservation implementation and administration.”; and

(i) in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking “in conservation with private financial mechanisms, in conjunction with agricultural production or forest resource management, such as” and inserting “, or innovative approaches to delivering conservation funding to producers, including”;

(I) by striking “provision of” and inserting “use of innovative contracting or”; and

“(III) accelerating the adoption and use of agricultural or processing equipment by producers that achieve conservation benefits; and”.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Of the funds made available for the program under section 1241(a)(6), the Secretary shall allocate, to the extent practicable in order to maximize conservation benefits—

“(A) $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 for projects focused on establishing groundwater conservation easements that—

“(i) are held by an eligible entity (as defined in section 1265A) participating in the partnership agreement; and

“(B) of the remaining funds, for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter—

“(i) 46 percent to projects based on a State or multistate competitive process administered by the Secretary at the local level with the advice of the applicable State technical committees established under subtitle G;

“(ii) 50 percent to projects for critical conservation areas designated under section 1271F;

“(iii) 3 percent to carry out activities described in section 1271B(d)(5); and

“(2) GROUNDWATER CONSERVATION EASEMENT CRITERIA.—The criteria referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(ii) are the following:

“(A) The terms of the groundwater conservation easement shall contain terms that encumber and sufficiently address the management, monitoring, and enforcement of surface water uses and groundwater rights and uses.

“(i) identify the applicable legal framework that would allow for a groundwater conservation easement to be established in the applicable jurisdiction;

“(ii) outline the specific attributes of the proposed groundwater conservation easement;

“(iii) identify the regulating organization that meters or monitors groundwater in the applicable jurisdiction; and

“(C) The eligible partner shall provide a letter of support from the applicable State Conservationist and a letter of compatibility from the appropriate State, local, and Tribal agencies responsible for oversight of conservation easements and groundwater use and regulation in the applicable jurisdiction.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may provide to an eligible partner a payment for indirect costs to cover administrative expenses of the eligible partner under a partnership agreement.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (B), the rate of a payment for indirect costs under paragraph (1) shall be—

“(i) an indirect cost rate negotiated by the Secretary and the eligible partner, which shall not exceed 20 percent of the total project cost; or

“(ii) if the eligible partner does not have a negotiated indirect cost rate described in subparagraph (A), 20 percent of the total project cost.

“(B) RATE FOR CERTAIN PROJECTS.—In the case of a partnership agreement that primarily serves historically underserved producers, as determined by the Secretary, the rate of a payment for indirect costs under paragraph (1) may be up to 30 percent of the total project cost.”;

“(1) IN GENERAL.—An eligible partner may provide technical assistance to producers as needed to support project planning and implementation for conservation benefits.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall limit costs of the Secretary for technical assistance to costs specific and necessary to carry out the objectives of the program.

“(B) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE BY THE SECRETARY.—The Secretary shall not use amounts provided under a partnership agreement for technical assistance provided by the Secretary without providing explicit notification to the eligible partner.

“(C) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE BY ELIGIBLE PARTNERS.—The Federal share of the cost of technical assistance provided by an eligible partner shall be not more than 30 percent of the total cost of the project.”; and

(B) in paragraph (3), by striking “pursuant to a partnership agreement” and inserting “and producers participating in the program”; and

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall ensure the timely development and availability of integrated information technology and automated programmatic tools to support program implementation.

“(2) PROGRAM ACCESS.—Subject to section 1244(b) of this Act and section 1619 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8791), the Secretary may develop protocols for eligible partners to access automatic programmatic tools of the Department of Agriculture in a manner that supports the implementation of an approved project.”.

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2019, and every two” and inserting “2025, and not less frequently than once every 2”;

(B) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B) and inserting the following:

“(B) the progress made towards achieving the conservation goals of completed projects and renewed projects;

“(C) any other related outcomes of completed projects and renewed projects; and

“(D) conservation benefits purchased through performance-based payments and the per-unit prices of those conservation benefits;”;

(D) in paragraph (5), by striking “administered” in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and all that follows through the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting “administered; and”; and

(2) in subsection (c), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “The Secretary may not” and inserting “Neither an eligible partner nor the Secretary may”.

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting “or substantially affecting” after “located in”; and

(B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting “, including restoration and enhancement of wildlife habitat connectivity and wildlife migration corridors” after “local level”; and

(2) in subsection (b), by striking “In administering funds under section 1271D(d)(2), the Secretary” and inserting “The Secretary”.

Section 2(1) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1691(1)) is amended by striking “hunger and malnutrition” and inserting “hunger, malnutrition, child wasting,”.

(a) In general.—Section 202 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1722) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by striking “governments and public or private agencies, including intergovernmental organizations such as the World Food Program and other multilateral organizations” and inserting “eligible organizations”;

(A) by striking “agricultural commodities for nonemergency assistance” and inserting “assistance, including in the form of agricultural commodities, for nonemergency purposes”;

(4) by redesignating subsections (e) through (h) as subsections (d) through (g), respectively;

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “Of the funds” and all that follows through “subsection (d),” and inserting “Using funds made available under this title, the Administrator may provide funds to eligible organizations”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking “developmental” and inserting “resilience”;

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as paragraphs (3) through (5), respectively;

“(2) AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES.—Using funds made available under this title, the Administrator may—

“(A) acquire and make available to eligible organizations such agricultural commodities as are necessary to carry out agreements under this title; and

“(B) pay all associated and incidental costs of those commodities, including—

“(ii) the costs associated with packaging, enrichment, preservation, and fortification of those commodities, including the costs of carrying out section 415 with respect to the commodities;

“(iii) the cost of processing, milling, handling, storage, distribution, and program implementation to use the commodities; and

“(iv) the cost of transportation to move the commodities from the United States to pre-positioning sites, ports of entry abroad, and distribution sites within and between foreign countries, including ocean and inland freight charges, and the charges for general average contributions arising out of ocean transportation of those commodities.”; and

(i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting “or agricultural commodities” after “for funds”;

(ii) by inserting “or agricultural commodities” after “To receive funds”;

(2) Section 207(f)(4)(A) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726a(f)(4)(A)) is amended by striking “202(h)(3)” and inserting “202(g)(3)”.

(3) Section 407(f)(2)(I) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736a(f)(2)(I)) is amended by striking “section 202(e),” and inserting “sections 202(d),”.

(4) Section 412(e)(2) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736f(e)(2)) is amended by striking “202(e)(1)(C)” and inserting “202(d)(1)(C)”.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Administrator shall make agricultural commodities available for food distribution under this title for emergency assistance under section 202(a) for each fiscal year in a quantity that results in the amount described in subparagraph (B) being not less than 40 percent of the funds made available through annual appropriations in that fiscal year for this title.

“(B) AMOUNT DESCRIBED.—The amount referred to in subparagraph (A) is the sum obtained by adding—

“(i) the value of the agricultural commodities made available pursuant to that subparagraph; and

(ii) in the second sentence, by striking “In making a waiver” and all that follows through “House of Representatives” and inserting the following:

“(C) REPORT.—If the Administrator provides a waiver under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall submit to the Committees on Agriculture, Appropriations, and Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives”; and

(iii) by striking the paragraph designation and heading and all that follows through the period at the end of the first sentence and inserting the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (B), the Administrator may waive the requirements of paragraph (1) for any fiscal year if, after the beginning of the applicable fiscal year, the Administrator determines that—

“(i) such quantities of commodities cannot be used effectively to carry out this title or in order to meet an emergency; or

“(ii) the requirements of that paragraph cannot otherwise be met due to circumstances beyond the control of the Administrator.

“(B) SUBSEQUENT YEAR MINIMUM ASSISTANCE.—In the first fiscal year beginning after the date on which a waiver is provided under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall make agricultural commodities available for food distribution under this title for emergency assistance under section 202(a) in a quantity that represents—

“(i) the quantity of agricultural commodities needed to meet the requirement under paragraph (1)(A); and

“(ii) the quantity of agricultural commodities covered by the waiver under subparagraph (A) for the preceding fiscal year.”; and

(2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking “subsection (a)(2) be” and inserting “subsection (a)(1) is”.

Section 205(f) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1725(f)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 207(c)(1) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726a(c)(1)) is amended, in the second sentence, by striking “the enactment of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018” and inserting “enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024”.

Section 207(f)(4) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726a(f)(4)) is amended, in subparagraphs (A) and (B)(i), by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2029”.

Section 208(f) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726b(f)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2024, and $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”.

(a) In general.—Section 402 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1732) is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “As used in” and inserting “In”;

(A) in the second sentence, by striking “Effective” and inserting the following:

(i) by striking “and livestock as well as” and inserting “livestock, specialized nutrition products, and”; and

(4) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; and

(b) Conforming amendment.—Section 407(f)(1) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736a(f)(1)) is amended by striking “appropriate committees of Congress” and inserting “Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committees on Agriculture and Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives”.

Section 406(b)(6) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736(b)(6)) is amended by striking “in the case of commodities for urgent and extraordinary relief requirements (including pre-positioned commodities)”.

(a) In general.—Section 407 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736a) is amended—

(B) by striking “for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2013 not more than $10,000,000 of such funds and”; and

“(J) An assessment of activities specifically targeting women and girls and the impact of those activities in addressing the unique needs of women and girls.”.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 216 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–127; 110 Stat. 957) is amended—

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting “(as amended by section 1011(e) of Public Law 104–66 (109 Stat. 709))” after “(7 U.S.C. 1736a)”;

(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “(c)” and inserting “(b)”;

(D) in paragraph (4), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “(g)(2)” and inserting “(f)(2)”; and

(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by paragraph (1) shall take effect as if enacted in the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–127; 110 Stat. 888).

Section 408 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736b) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 412(e)(1) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736f(e)(1)) is amended by striking “2019 through 2023, not less than $365,000,000” and inserting “2025 through 2029, not less than 18 percent”.

Section 415(c) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736g–2(c)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “18” and inserting “(18)”; and

(2) in subsection (d), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”;

(3) in subsection (e)(1), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”; and

(a) Food for Peace Act.—Section 414(b) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736g–1(b)) is amended by striking “(as defined” and all that follows through “1961)” and inserting “(as defined in section 481(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291(e)))”.

(b) President's Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1984.—Section 303(c) of the President's Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1984 (7 U.S.C. 1728a(c)) is amended by striking “expanded” and inserting “expended”.

(a) Definitions.—Section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602) is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “As used in this Act—” and inserting “In this Act:”;

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (8) as paragraphs (3), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), and (4), respectively, and moving the paragraphs so as to appear in numerical order;

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘common name’ means a name that, as determined by the Secretary—

“(i) is ordinarily or customarily used for an agricultural commodity or food product;

“(ii) is typically placed on the packaging and product label of the agricultural commodity or food product;

“(bb) a traditional term or expression that is typically placed on the packaging and label of the wine; and

“(II) does not mean any appellation of origin for wine listed in subpart C of part 9 of title 27, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations); and

“(iv) the use of which is consistent with standards of the Codex Alimentarius Commission.

“(B) CONSIDERATIONS.—In making a determination under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may take into account—

“(i) competent sources, such as dictionaries, newspapers, professional journals and literature, and information posted on websites that are determined by the Secretary to be reliable in reporting market information;

“(ii) the use of the common name in a domestic, regional, or international product standard, including a standard promulgated by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, for the agricultural commodity or food product; and

“(iii) the ordinary and customary use of the common name in the production or marketing of the agricultural commodity or food product in the United States or in other countries.”;

(B) in clause (vi), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

“(vii) prohibits or disallows the use of the common name of an agricultural commodity or food product of the United States.”; and

(A) in subparagraph (B), by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(D) in the undesignated matter at the end, by striking “For purposes” and inserting the following:

(b) Negotiations To defend use of common names.—Title III of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5652 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(a) In general.—The Secretary shall coordinate efforts with the United States Trade Representative to secure the right of United States agricultural producers, processors, and exporters to use common names for agricultural commodities or food products in foreign markets through the negotiation of bilateral, plurilateral, or multilateral agreements, memoranda of understanding, or exchanges of letters that assure the current and future use of each common name identified by the Secretary in connection with United States agricultural commodities or food products.

“(b) Report.—The Secretary and the United States Trade Representative shall submit to Congress a report every 2 years regarding efforts and successes in carrying out subsection (a).”.

Section 203(c) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5623(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(4) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO IMPROVE INFRASTRUCTURE IN FOREIGN MARKETS FOR UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—As part of the program established under this subsection, the Secretary shall enter into contracts or other agreements with eligible trade organizations to provide needs assessment, training, and other technical assistance—

“(i) to enhance the capabilities of infrastructure in new and developing foreign markets, including infrastructure relating to cold chain capacity, port improvements, and other developments; and

“(ii) to ensure United States agricultural commodities are not damaged or lost due to deficiencies in the infrastructure described in clause (i).

“(i) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this paragraph $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

“(ii) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Except as provided in clause (iii), amounts authorized to be appropriated under this subparagraph may be used only to carry out subparagraph (A).

“(iii) AVAILABILITY.—If the Secretary determines that the total amount made available pursuant to this subparagraph for a fiscal year is not necessary to carry out subparagraph (A), any excess amounts may be used to carry out the program established under this subsection.”.

Section 203(e) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5623(e)) is amended by striking paragraph (7) and inserting the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Each year, the Secretary, in consultation with the United States Trade Representative, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report detailing the competitiveness of United States exports of specialty crops.

“(i) identify and analyze acts, policies, or practices of foreign countries that constitute significant barriers to, or distortions of United States exports of specialty crops, including the imposition of—

“(I) tariffs (including retaliatory tariffs) and quotas (including tariff-rate quotas); and

“(II) nontariff barriers, including technical barriers to trade, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, import licensing procedures, and subsidies;

“(ii) in conjunction with the United States International Trade Commission, make an estimate of—

“(I) the impacts on the competitiveness of United States exports of specialty crops of any act, policy, or practice identified under clause (i); and

“(II) if feasible, the value of additional specialty crops that would, during the year preceding submission of the report, have been exported from the United States to each foreign country an act, policy, or practice of which is identified under clause (i) if each such act, policy, or practice of that country did not exist;

“(iii) assess the extent to which each act, policy, or practice identified under clause (i) is subject to international agreements to which the United States is a party;

“(iv) include information with respect to any action taken by the executive branch during the year preceding submission of the report, or expected to be taken after submission of the report, to eliminate any act, policy, or practice identified under clause (i), including—

“(II) negotiations or consultations with foreign governments, which may include engagement through the standing committee on sanitary and phytosanitary matters established under a free trade agreement to which the United States is a party; and

“(III) action at the World Trade Organization, including dispute settlement actions, consultations, or negotiations; and

“(I) any funds provided under subsection (f)(3)(A)(iv) that were not obligated in the fiscal year preceding submission of the report; and

“(C) COMMENT PERIOD.—The Secretary, in coordination with the United States Trade Representative, shall—

“(i) before preparing the report required by subparagraph (A), seek comment from the public and the Agricultural Technical Advisory Committee for Trade in Fruits and Vegetables; and

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The report required by subparagraph (A) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

“(ii) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The unclassified portion of the report required by subparagraph (A) shall be made available to the public in machine readable format.”.

Section 203(f) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5623(f)) is amended—

(A) by striking “For each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023, of” and inserting “Of”; and

(B) by striking “section” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: “section, to remain available until expended—

(i) in the subparagraph heading, by striking “In general” and inserting “Fiscal years 2019 through 2027”; and

(ii) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “2023” and inserting “2027”;

“(B) FISCAL YEARS 2028 AND 2029.—For each of fiscal years 2028 and 2029, the Secretary shall allocate funds to carry out this section in accordance with the following:

“(i) MARKET ACCESS PROGRAM.—For market access activities authorized under subsection (b), of the funds of, or an equal value of commodities owned by, the Commodity Credit Corporation, not less than $400,000,000 for each fiscal year.

“(ii) FOREIGN MARKET DEVELOPMENT COOPERATOR PROGRAM.—To carry out subsection (c), of the funds of, or an equal value of commodities owned by, the Commodity Credit Corporation, not less than $69,000,000 for each fiscal year.

“(iii) E (KIKA) DE LA GARZA EMERGING MARKETS PROGRAM.—To provide assistance under subsection (d), of the funds of, or an equal value of commodities owned by, the Commodity Credit Corporation, not more than $8,000,000 for each fiscal year.

“(iv) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR SPECIALTY CROPS.—To carry out subsection (e), of the funds of, or an equal value of the commodities owned by, the Commodity Credit Corporation, $15,000,000 for each fiscal year.

“(I) IN GENERAL.—In addition to the amounts allocated under clauses (i) through (iv), and notwithstanding any limitations in those clauses, as determined by the Secretary, for 1 or more programs under this section for authorized activities to access, develop, maintain, and expand markets for United States agricultural commodities, $3,500,000 for each fiscal year.

“(II) CONSIDERATIONS.—In allocating funds made available under subclause (I), the Secretary may consider providing a greater allocation to 1 or more programs under this section for which the amounts requested under applications exceed the funding for 1 or more programs.”; and

(II) by striking “subparagraph (A)(v)” and inserting “clause (v) of subparagraph (A) or (B), as applicable”; and

(ii) in the second sentence, by inserting “or (B), as applicable” before the period at the end; and

Subtitle B of title IV of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5671 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“SEC. 418. Interagency seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables working group.

“(a) In general.—The Secretary, acting through the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs, the United States Trade Representative, the Secretary of Commerce, and the heads of other Federal agencies or entities, as determined to be appropriate by the Secretary, shall jointly establish an interagency working group (referred to in this section as the ‘working group’) composed of representatives from each agency to monitor and assess, on an ongoing basis, seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables trade data and related information.

“(b) Trade actions and investigations.—The working group shall coordinate as appropriate regarding potential additional trade actions and investigations with respect to any seasonal or perishable agricultural products, as determined to be advisable by the working group.

“(c) Consultation.—The working group shall consult with the Agricultural Trade Advisory Committee, relevant seasonal or perishable agricultural producers, and other relevant trade associations to identify threats that imports pose to domestic producers of seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables.

“(d) Recommendations to Secretary.—The working group shall recommend programs or assistance that the Secretary could provide to producers of seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables to address market impacts.”.

“(3) COMMODITIES TO PREVENT WASTE.—Unless authorized in advance in appropriation Acts, no funds of the Corporation may be used to carry out this section with respect to eligible commodities made available under section 416(b) of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1431(b)) in excess of (exclusive of the cost of eligible commodities)—

(B) in paragraph (5), by striking “eligible eligible commodities” and inserting “eligible commodities”;

“(4) PROHIBITION.—The Secretary shall not enter into any agreement pursuant to this section under which more than 50 percent of the amounts made available to carry out the program for a fiscal year are awarded to a single entity.”;

(A) in paragraphs (1) and (3), by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2029”; and

Section 302 of the Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act (7 U.S.C. 1736f–1) is amended—

(A) in subparagraph (B), by adding “and” after the semicolon at the end; and

(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking “; and” at the end and inserting a period; and

(2) in subsection (e), by striking “shall not be—” in the matter preceding paragraph (1) and all that follows through the period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting the following: “shall not be considered to be a part of the total domestic supply (including carryover) for the purpose of—

Section 1542(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5622 note; Public Law 101–624) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1543A(d) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5679(d)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1543B(f) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 1736dd(f)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 3107 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 1736o–1) is amended—

(1) in subsection (f)(2)(C), by striking “indigenous institutions as well as local” and inserting “indigenous institutions, women-led and women-owned organizations, and local”; and

(B) in paragraph (4), by striking “not more than 10 percent” and inserting “not less than 10 percent, but not more than 20 percent,”; and

“(5) CAPACITY-BUILDING ACTIVITIES.—Of the amounts described in paragraph (4), the Secretary may provide funds for capacity-building activities to support the purchase of agricultural commodities described in subsection (a)(2)(A).”.

Section 3206(e)(1) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 1726c(e)(1)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 3307(g)(1) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 3295(g)(1)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) In general.—Section 3(u) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012(u)) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting after the second sentence the following: “Those re-evaluations shall include an external peer review process and be submitted to Congress and the Comptroller General of the United States in accordance with section 801 of title 5, United States Code. To the extent legally allowable, the computer code and data used for the re-evaluations to generate the market baskets shall be made publicly available.”.

(1) INTERIM FINAL RULE.—Notwithstanding section 273.10(e)(4)(i) of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act), not later than January 1, 2025, the Secretary shall promulgate an interim final rule to use food price data throughout the State of Hawaii to calculate the cost of the thrifty food plan (as defined in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012)) for that State.

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), on October 1, 2025, and on October 1 of each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall apply the cost estimate for the thrifty food plan (as defined in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012)) for the State of Hawaii pursuant to the interim final rule promulgated under paragraph (1).

(B) EXCEPTION FOR FISCAL YEARS 2026 THROUGH 2030.—For each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030, the Secretary may not apply the cost estimate described in subparagraph (A) if that application would result in the cost of the diet under the thrifty food plan (as so defined) being below the amount of the cost of that diet as calculated using the method of calculating the cost of the diet under the thrifty food plan for the State of Hawaii for each of fiscal years 2024 and 2025.

(a) In general.—Section 4(b) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b)) is amended—

“(C) PARTICIPATION IN SNAP.—Any household eligible to participate or participating in the program established under this subsection may simultaneously participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program.”;

(B) in subparagraph (A), by striking the designation and heading and all that follows through “80 percent” and inserting the following: “The Secretary shall pay 100 percent”;

“(i) ELIGIBLE TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘eligible Tribal organization’ means a Tribal organization that meets the requirements for a participating Tribal organization under clause (ii), except that the Tribal organization does not satisfy the requirement described in subclause (II) of that clause.

“(ii) PARTICIPATING TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘participating Tribal organization’ means a Tribal organization that—

“(I) is successfully administering the food distribution program of the Tribal organization established under this subsection;

“(II) has entered into a self-determination contract to procure agricultural commodities for distribution under that food distribution program for not less than 12 months of distribution across the contract period;

“(III) has the capacity to purchase agricultural commodities in accordance with subparagraph (C); and

“(IV) meets any other criteria determined by the Secretary, in consultation with Indian tribes.

“(iii) SELF-DETERMINATION CONTRACT.—The term ‘self-determination contract’ means a self-determination contract (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)) as implemented under the demonstration project established under section 4003(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2013 note; Public Law 115–334), with modifications as determined by the Secretary.

“(i) subject to the availability of appropriations under subparagraph (E)(i), enter into self-determination contracts with eligible Tribal organizations to allow those eligible Tribal organizations to directly purchase agricultural commodities for distribution under the food distribution program of the eligible Tribal organization established under this subsection; and

“(ii) subject to the availability of appropriations under subparagraph (E)(ii), enter into self-determination contracts with participating Tribal organizations to allow those participating Tribal organizations to directly purchase agricultural commodities for distribution under the food distribution program of the participating Tribal organization established under this subsection.

“(C) PROCUREMENT REQUIREMENTS.—Any agricultural commodity purchased by a Tribal organization under a self-determination contract entered into under subparagraph (B)—

“(ii) shall supplant, not supplement, the types of agricultural commodities in existing food packages for that Tribal organization;

“(I) of a similar or higher nutritional value as the types of agricultural commodities that would be supplanted in the existing food package of the Tribal organization; or

“(II) an agricultural commodity with Tribal significance to that Indian Tribe;

“(iv) shall not result in a material increase in the total amount of food in the food package of that Tribal organization, as compared to the amount of food authorized under the monthly distribution guide rates established by the Food and Nutrition Service; and

“(D) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Secretary shall make publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture a list of each Tribal organization purchasing agricultural commodities in accordance with a self-determination contract entered into under subparagraph (B).

“(I) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary $10,000,000 for each fiscal year, to remain available until expended, to enter into self-determination contracts under subparagraph (B)(i) with eligible Tribal organizations.

“(II) APPROPRIATIONS IN ADVANCE.—Only funds appropriated pursuant to subclause (I) in advance specifically to the Secretary to enter into self-determination contracts under subparagraph (B)(i) with eligible Tribal organizations shall be available for that purpose.

“(III) OPTION.—If any funds described in subclause (II) are remaining in a fiscal year after requests to enter into self-determination contracts from eligible Tribal organizations for that fiscal year have been met, the Secretary may use those remaining funds to enter into self-determination contracts under subparagraph (B)(ii) with participating Tribal organizations.

“(ii) FUNDING FOR PARTICIPATING TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS.—Of the funds made available under section 18(a), not more than $20,000,000 shall be made available to the Secretary for each fiscal year, to remain available for 2 fiscal years, to enter into self-determination contracts under subparagraph (B)(ii) with participating Tribal organizations.

“(F) LIMITATION.—Notwithstanding any provision of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.), the Secretary shall not be liable, or use any amounts made available under subparagraph (E)(i) or section 18(a) for purposes of carrying out this paragraph, for contract support costs or other costs not expressly authorized in this paragraph.

“(A) DEFINITION OF EMERGENCY PERIOD.—In this paragraph, the term ‘emergency period’ means a period during which there exists—

“(i) a public health emergency declared by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d) or a renewal of such a public health emergency declaration;

“(ii) a major disaster declared by the President under section 401 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170); or

“(iii) an emergency declared by the President under section 501 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 5191).

“(B) MODIFICATION OR WAIVER.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, during an emergency period, the Secretary may modify or waive any regulatory requirement promulgated pursuant to this section for a Tribal organization or State agency administering the program under this section if—

“(i) the regulatory requirement cannot be met by the Tribal organization or State agency during any portion of the emergency period under the conditions that prompted the emergency period; and

“(ii) the modification or waiver of such a requirement is necessary to provide assistance to that Tribal organization or State agency under this subsection.

“(C) DURATION.—A modification or waiver made under subparagraph (B) may be available for not more than 2 calendar months after the end of the applicable emergency period.”.

(b) Research, demonstration, and evaluations.—Section 17(a)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2026(a)(1)) is amended in the first sentence by striking “program” and inserting “program, the food distribution program on Indian Reservations carried out under section 4(b), and the emergency food assistance program established under the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.)”.

(c) Demonstration project for Tribal organizations termination.—Section 4003(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2013 note; Public Law 115–334) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(7) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.—The demonstration project under this subsection shall terminate on the date on which the Secretary certifies that paragraph (8) of section 4(b) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b)) has been implemented.”.

Section 5(d) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014(d)) is amended—

(2) in paragraph (19)(B), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(20) the value of an allowance received under section 403 of title 37, United States Code.”.

Section 5 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) DEFINITION OF HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL.—In this subsection, the term ‘health care professional’ means an individual who is licensed, registered, or certified under Federal or State law to provide health care services.

“(2) TRAINING MATERIALS.—The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall—

“(A) develop and make available materials designed to train health care professionals to inform their patients about the availability of benefits under the supplemental nutrition assistance program and other nutrition assistance programs administered by the Secretary; and

“(B) perform outreach to hospitals, universities, nursing associations, and similar entities to ensure that health care professionals have access to those materials and are informed about the supplemental nutrition assistance program and other nutrition assistance programs administered by the Secretary.”.

(a) College students.—Section 6(e) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(e)) is amended—

(2) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

“(9) is 24 years of age or younger and was in foster care under the responsibility of a State on the date of attaining 18 years of age or such higher age as the State has elected under section 475(8)(B)(iii) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 675(8)(B)(iii)).”.

(b) Ensuring coordination.—Section 11 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2020) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) GUIDANCE AND OTHER MATERIALS.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Education, shall issue—

“(A) clear, understandable, and easy-to-use guidance on eligibility for the supplemental nutrition assistance program for students at institutions of higher education;

“(B) a template for institutions of higher education to use to provide students with local food assistance information, including contact information for—

“(i) the appropriate State agency administering the supplemental nutrition assistance program;

“(iii) any other local food assistance facilities and services available to students enrolled in the institution of higher education; and

“(C) any other information or material, as determined by the Secretary, that would assist institutions of higher education with ensuring that students who are likely to be eligible for benefits under the supplemental nutrition assistance program have access to—

“(2) DISSEMINATION.—The Secretary shall coordinate with the Secretary of Education—

“(A) to disseminate, not less frequently than annually, the guidance and other materials described in paragraph (1) to, as applicable—

“(ii) low-income students and other students at risk of experiencing food insecurity, as determined by the Secretary, at institutions of higher education, including students who—

“(I) are eligible to participate in a State or federally financed work study program during the regular school year, as determined by the institution of higher education; or

“(II) for the current academic year, have an expected family contribution or student aid index of $0 or less, as determined in accordance with part F of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087kk et seq.); and

“(B) to make the guidance and other materials described in paragraph (1) publicly available on the websites of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Education.”.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 5 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014) is amended—

(ii) in paragraph (20), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(21) any payment, income, allowance, or earnings made to household members provided under—

“(C) any vocational rehabilitation program (as defined in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102)); and

“(D) any refugee employment and training program established under section 412(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1522(c)).”;

“(9) TIME-LIMITED EXCLUSION FOR CERTAIN EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS.—The Secretary shall exclude from financial resources under this subsection any payment, income, allowance, or earnings described in subsection (d)(21) received by any member of a household for the month of receipt, and each of the 11 months beginning after the month of receipt, if that member was participating in the supplemental nutrition assistance program at the time the payment, income, allowance, or earning was received.”;

(D) by redesignating subsections (m), (n), and (o) (as added by section 4104) as subsections (l), (m), and (n), respectively.

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 6(s)(2) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(s)(2)) is amended by striking “(l), (m), and (n)” and inserting “(l), and (m)”.

(b) Employment and training.—Section 6 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015) is amended—

“(VIII) Programs and activities with demonstrated effectiveness in increasing skills and improving the ability of participants to find and retain employment that leads to increased household income, as determined by the Secretary.”;

(B) in subparagraph (I)(i)(I), by inserting “addressing barriers to” after “directly related to”;

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall ensure that each State agency complies with—

“(ii) CERTIFICATION.—The chief executive officer of a State, in coordination with the State agency, shall annually submit to the Secretary the following information:

“(I) A statement certifying that the State has cooperated with the Secretary to ensure the compliance described in clause (i).

“(II) The total number of participants served by the employment and training program of the State under this paragraph in the prior fiscal year.

“(III) The total amount of Federal and State funding expended on the employment and training program of the State under this paragraph, including the total amount of payments and reimbursements made under subparagraph (I), in the prior fiscal year.”;

(D) in subparagraph (M), by striking “title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act” and inserting “the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.)”;

(i) in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking “eligible for an exemption under paragraph (2) and who” and inserting “exempt from meeting a requirement under paragraph (1)(A) and”;

(iv) by redesignating subclauses (I), (II), and (III) as subclauses (II), (III), and (I), respectively, and moving the subclauses so as to appear in numerical order; and

“(P) PROCEDURES FOR REFERRALS.—In accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary, the State agency shall establish procedures to ensure that each referral results in directly connecting a participant with a service provider or other appropriate entity to receive appropriate support and services.”;

(2) in subsection (e)(3)(A), by striking “title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act” and inserting “the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.)”; and

(3) in subsection (o)(1)(A), by striking “title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act” and inserting “the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102), other than a self-service activity authorized under the Wagner-Peyser Act (29 U.S.C. 49 et seq.)”.

(1) in subsection (e)(19), by striking “the activities” and all that follows through the semicolon at the end and inserting “appropriate activities carried out under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.), as determined by the Secretary, a description of the State agency’s screening of individuals to determine whether an individual is exempt from meeting a requirement under subsections (d)(1)(A) and (o)(2) of section 6 and the appropriateness of the employment and training program for the skills and circumstances of the individual prior to the referral of that individual to an employment and training program, the basis, including any cost information, for exemptions of categories and individuals, and the justification for the choice of employment and training program components reflected in the plans, including how those components address the skill needs of participants and regional or local workforce needs;”; and

“(1) IN GENERAL.—For households containing at least 1 individual between the ages specified in section 6(d)(1), a State agency shall, at the time of certification and recertification, be required to provide information to those individuals on available employment and training services and local employment and training providers.

“(2) NOTIFICATION.—A State agency that does not exempt all work registrants from participation in an employment and training program shall notify, in writing, households with members that are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (1)(A) of section 6(d) due to physical or mental unfitness or pursuant to paragraph (2) of that section that those households are not required to contact the providers or participate in the services described in paragraph (1).

“(A) IN GENERAL.—An individual who is determined to be eligible to participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program by a State agency that exempts all work registrants from an employment and training program may request that the provider of a component of the employment and training program of the State assess the individual for appropriateness for participation in that component, notwithstanding any determination by the State agency of the eligibility of the individual for the employment and training program of that provider.

“(B) NOTIFICATION.—Each provider of a component of an employment and training program shall—

“(i) notify the applicable State agency of each individual that the provider identifies as appropriate for the component of the employment and training program under subparagraph (A); and

“(ii) verify other eligibility conditions with the State agency prior to enrolling each of those individuals in the component of the employment and training program.”.

(d) SNAP employment and training reallocation.—Section 16(h)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2025(h)(1)) is amended—

“(iv) PRIORITY.—In reallocating unexpended funds under clause (i), the Secretary shall give priority to State agencies requesting such funds for work-based learning employment and training programs and activities that—

“(I) are coordinated with employers that can transition to unsubsidized employment;

“(cc) individuals participating or having recently participated in a substance abuse treatment program;

“(gg) households facing multigenerational poverty, to support employment and workforce participation through an integrated and family-focused approach in providing supportive services; and

(1) STUDY.—Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on—

(A) the level of coordination among various employment and training programs that are federally funded and State- or locality-administered, including—

(i) programs under sections 6(d) and 20 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(d), 2029);

(ii) programs under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.);

(iii) work supports funded under a State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.); and

(iv) the Jobs Plus Initiative Program administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development;

(B) differences in the populations served by each program studied under subparagraph (A);

(C) the different performance and reporting measures used in each program studied under subparagraph (A) and opportunities for aligning those performance measures; and

(D) to the maximum extent practicable, the effectiveness of each of those programs in serving individuals with substantial barriers to employment, such as substance use disorders, mental health issues, physical or mental disabilities, unstable housing, lack of basic education or life skills, or lack of childcare, transportation, or access to appropriate technologies, including with respect to—

(i) assessing the suitability of those individuals for the employment and training activities offered; and

(ii) improving the short-term and long-term employment outcomes for those individuals.

(2) REPORT.—Not later than 60 days after the completion of the study under paragraph (1), the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report describing the results of that study.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 7 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2016) is amended—

(A) in subsection (d), by inserting “and security, including completeness of fraud protection and prevention tools and coverage of infrastructure cost” before the period at the end;

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall promulgate regulations to require retail food stores to make any necessary and appropriate upgrades to point-of-sale equipment to ensure a more secure means of conducting transactions.

“(B) LIABILITY.—Except as otherwise provided by the Secretary, a retail food store shall be liable to the Secretary for the value of benefits redeemed via fraudulent on-site transactions using an EBT card with a magnetic stripe in lieu of more secure means, as determined by the Secretary, after the requirement for those secure means is implemented nationwide by regulation.”;

“(E) STATE REVIEW.—Each State agency shall review existing technology and contract requirements before entering into or renewing an electronic benefit transfer contract to ensure the electronic benefit transfer technology of the State agency reflects up-to-date standards to ensure the security of benefits.”;

(aa) in clause (ii), by redesignating subclauses (I) and (II) as items (aa) and (bb), respectively, and indenting appropriately; and

(bb) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(II) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (H) as clauses (i) through (viii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(III) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking “(2) The Secretary” and inserting the following:

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 240 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the electronic benefit transfer system of each State agency shall include—

“(II) an option for households to temporarily lock all activity of the EBT card of the household, with 2 or more easy-to-use options to unlock the EBT card before making a purchase;

“(V) a means for States and the applicable benefit issuer to record and track data on reports of stolen benefits;

“(ii) RECIPIENT PROTECTION.—A State agency may not deny a claim of a household for replacement of stolen benefits based on the decision of the household not to use any of the options described in subclauses (II), (VI), and (VII) of clause (i).

“(I) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall promulgate interim final rules to implement clauses (i) and (ii).

“(II) PROCEDURE.—Regulations promulgated pursuant to subclause (I) shall be made without regard to—

“(aa) the notice and comment provisions of section 553 of title 5, United States Code; or

“(iv) SUBSEQUENT REVIEWS.—Not less frequently than once every 5 years, the Secretary shall—

“(II) promulgate regulations to make such revisions to those requirements as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—In addition to compliance and enforcement required under section 16, for each 30-day period during which a State agency is not acting in good faith to comply with subparagraph (B), the Secretary may assess against the State agency a fine in an amount equal to $250,000.

“(ii) ADMINISTRATIVE AND JUDICIAL REVIEW.—Any amount assessed by the Secretary under this subparagraph shall be subject to administrative and judicial review under section 14.”;

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Regulations issued by the Secretary regarding the replacement of benefits and liability for replacement of benefits under an electronic benefit transfer system shall be similar to the regulations in effect for a paper-based supplemental nutrition assistance issuance system.

“(B) REPLACEMENT OF STOLEN BENEFITS.—The Secretary shall require States to replace benefits that are determined by the State agency to have been stolen through EBT card skimming, EBT card cloning, or similar fraudulent methods, subject to the conditions that—

“(i) the State plan of operation shall include a plan for the replacement of stolen benefits that includes appropriate procedures, as determined by the Secretary, for—

“(I) the timely submission of claims to, timely validation of claims by, and replacement issuance by the State agency that includes—

“(aa) a signed statement by the affected household on the benefit theft, consistent with the signature requirements and options provided under section 11(e)(2)(C);

“(cc) procedures for the documentation of replacement issuances, including the submitted claims and findings from the validation;

“(dd) the submission to the Secretary of data reports relating to benefit theft and replacement activity;

“(ee) procedures to inform households of the right to a fair hearing, consistent with the procedures established under section 11(e) (including regulations) with respect to replacement issuances; and

“(ff) the use and planned use by the State agency of benefit theft prevention measures; and

“(II) reporting to the Secretary the scope and frequency of EBT card skimming affecting households within the State;

“(bb) an amount equal to 2 months of the monthly allotment of the household immediately prior to the date on which the benefits were stolen;

“(II) shall not occur more than 2 times per fiscal year per household by a single State agency; and

“(iii) the replacement of stolen benefits under this subparagraph shall not be regarded as a loss for purposes of subsection (e), to the extent such replacement is in accordance with an approved plan that complies with this subparagraph.”; and

(I) in subparagraph (B), by striking “Effective through fiscal year 2023, neither” and inserting “Neither”; and

“(C) ADDITIONAL EBT FEES.—Effective through fiscal year 2029, no agent, contractor, or subcontractor of a State who facilitates the provision of benefits in that State may impose a fee on retail food stores authorized under this Act for costs to implement paragraph (1)(E), subsection (d), or for other costs associated with updating electronic benefit transfer processing infrastructure.”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall allow a household to control the interoperability of the EBT card of the household, including by allowing the household to restrict the EBT card to work only in 1 or more particular States.

“(B) ENSURING HOUSEHOLD ACCESS.—The Secretary shall ensure that, pursuant to subparagraph (A)—

“(i) a State agency provides 2 or more easy-to-access and easy-to-use options for a household to control the interoperability of the EBT card of the household; and

(2) APPLICATION OF AMENDMENTS.—The amendments made by subparagraph (A), and clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (B), of paragraph (1) shall be applied to supersede section 501(a)(2) of division HH of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (7 U.S.C. 2016a(a)(2)), and any agency action taken pursuant to that section.

(b) Preventing unauthorized benefit redemptions.—Section 9 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2018) is amended—

“(E) EBT EQUIPMENT OR SERVICE PROVIDER REQUIREMENT.—An applicant shall not be authorized to accept and redeem benefits unless the applicant certifies that the applicant will use an electronic benefit transfer equipment and service provider that is included on the list described in paragraph (4)(B).”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations to establish standards for approving electronic benefit transfer equipment and service providers to route electronic benefit transfer transactions, which shall include—

“(i) requiring those providers to submit to benefit issuers sufficient transaction information to minimize the risk of fraudulent transactions and unauthorized redemptions;

“(ii) registration in the System for Award Management maintained by the General Services Administration;

“(iii) safeguarding confidential retail food store identifiers necessary for processing and routing electronic benefit transfer transactions; and

“(iv) other requirements to ensure the security and stability of the electronic benefit transfer system, as determined by the Secretary.

“(i) compile and publish a list of electronic benefit transfer equipment and service providers that meet the standards established under subparagraph (A); and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—A retail food store authorized under this section to accept and redeem benefits or currently serving a period of disqualification under the supplemental nutrition assistance program shall—

“(i) notify the Secretary of a sale or transfer of ownership of the retail food store before the sale or transfer in a timely manner, as determined by the Secretary; and

“(ii) submit documentation to the Secretary confirming the sale or transfer in a timely manner, as determined by the Secretary.

“(B) CERTIFICATION.—A retail food store seeking authorization under this section shall certify in the application of the retail food store that the retail food store shall comply with the requirements under subparagraph (A).

“(C) DISABLING SNAP FUNCTIONS.—The Secretary shall ensure that any electronic benefit transfer equipment used by a retail food store described in subparagraph (A) that is sold or transferred shall be disabled not later than 72 hours after the Secretary confirms the sale or transfer.”.

(c) Civil penalties, flagrant violations, and suspensions.—Section 12 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2021) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(1)(B), by striking “$100,000” and inserting “$150,000”;

(2) in subsection (c)(1), by striking “$100,000” and inserting “$150,000”;

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “establish procedures” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting “promulgate regulations to establish procedures under which benefit transactions likely to be in flagrant violation of this Act (including regulations promulgated pursuant to this Act), as determined through the use of real-time transaction data, may be blocked in real time, for the purpose of the immediate protection of Federal funds.”;

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “determines that” in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and all that follows through the period at the end of subparagraph (B)(ii) and inserting “blocks a benefit transaction likely to be in flagrant violation of this Act (including regulations promulgated pursuant to this Act), the Secretary shall provide prompt notification to the affected retail food store, household, and benefit issuer with an explanation for the block, including an explanation of the necessity of the block for the immediate protection of Federal funds, and the suspected violation.”; and

“(3) NO LIABILITY.—The Secretary shall not be liable for the value of any funds or interest on funds blocked under this subsection.

“(4) REPORT.—The Secretary shall annually submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report describing the total number of benefits transactions and the total benefits amount blocked under this subsection in each State during the preceding year.

“(5) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.—The authority under this subsection shall expire 5 years after the effective date of regulations promulgated pursuant to paragraph (1).”; and

“(1) IN GENERAL.—An electronic benefit transfer equipment or service provider that facilitates unauthorized redemption of benefits or otherwise violates a provision of this Act (including regulations) may be—

“(A) suspended or debarred in accordance with the procedures under part 417 of title 2, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations);

“(B) assessed a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $150,000 per violation; or

“(2) REVIEW AND APPEAL OF CIVIL PENALTY.—The imposition of a civil penalty under paragraph (1) shall be subject to review, and may be appealed by the electronic benefit transfer equipment or service provider, in accordance with section 14.”.

(d) Administrative and judicial review.—Section 14(a)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2023(a)(1)) is amended—

(2) by inserting “or an electronic benefit transfer equipment or service provider is assessed a civil penalty under section 12(j),” before “or all or part of”; and

(3) by inserting “or retail food store or wholesale food concern” before “is stated pursuant to”.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 3(o)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012(o)(1)) is amended by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:

“(A) offers and displays for sale, on a continuous basis, at least 25 stockkeeping units of foods in each of the 4 categories of staple foods described in subsection (q)(1)—

“(II) 7 varieties in the category described in subparagraph (C) of that subsection; and

“(ii) of which not less than 12 of the stockkeeping units in each of those 4 categories of staple foods are identified for increased consumption for any age group, consistent with the most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans published under section 301 of the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5341), as determined by the Secretary; or”.

(A) PROMULGATION.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations to implement the amendment made by paragraph (1), which shall take effect not later than 180 days after publication of the regulation in the Federal Register.

(B) LISTENING SESSIONS.—In promulgating regulations pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall conduct 2 or more public listening sessions that shall—

(i) engage the full range of interested groups, including, to the maximum extent practicable—

(I) households participating in the supplemental nutrition assistance program established under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.); and

(II) different types of retail food stores authorized to participate in that program under section 9 of that Act (7 U.S.C. 2018); and

(3) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date on which regulations promulgated pursuant to paragraph (2)(A) take effect, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report that assesses the compliance by retail food stores (as defined in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012)), including small grocery stores and convenience stores, with those regulations, which shall include—

(A) a description of any challenges retail food stores face with respect to meeting the requirements in those regulations; and

(B) recommendations for additional approaches that small-scale retail food stores may take to stock and promote healthy food options.

(1) DEFINITION OF RETAIL FOOD STORE.—Section 3(o)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012(o)(1)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “sells food” and inserting “owns food inventory and sells that food”.

(2) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PARTICIPATION OF RETAIL FOOD STORES.—Section 9 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2018) is amended—

(ii) by conforming the margin of paragraph (3) with the margin of paragraph (4);

(B) in subsection (c), in the third sentence, by inserting “(42 U.S.C. 1786)” after “Act of 1966”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall limit participation in the supplemental nutrition assistance program of house-to-house trade routes and entities that operate solely online (referred to in this paragraph as ‘online-only entities’) to include only such routes and online-only entities that support the purposes of the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

“(B) TERMS AND CONDITIONS.—The Secretary shall establish terms and conditions for participation of house-to-house trade routes and online-only entities in the supplemental nutrition assistance program, which shall include, at a minimum—

“(i) a requirement to be fully operational with respect to sales to the public for not less than 1 year before receiving authorization under this section, including, for online-only entities, operation in e-commerce for not less than that 1-year period;

“(I) documentation to establish inventory ownership, such as business records; and

“(II) evidence of sufficient and consistent minimum inventory levels, such as business records, inventory storage facility visit reports, and other means, including, for online-only entities, documentation matching owned inventory with online offerings, as the Secretary determines to be sufficient to qualify continuously as a retail food store; and

“(iii) a requirement to demonstrate sales consistent with inventory, as determined by the Secretary, for not less than 1 year before receiving authorization under this section and periodically thereafter, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

“(2) ENTITIES WITHOUT INVENTORY.—An entity (including a product aggregator) that does not qualify as a retail food store described in section 3(o)(1) because the entity does not own food inventory may not participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

“(A) RETAILERS.—An entity that is not an approved retail food store may not offer food for sale in exchange for benefits through an approved retail food store.

“(B) INVENTORY.—An approved retail food store may not offer inventory for sale in exchange for benefits if that inventory is owned by an entity that is not an approved retail food store.”.

(3) REVIEW AND PILOT PROJECT.—Section 17 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2026) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(o) Report on entities that sell food but do not own their own food inventory; pilot project.—

“(1) REPORT.—The Secretary shall conduct, and make publicly available a report describing the results of, a study that assesses—

“(A) the types of entities that sell food but do not own their own food inventory (referred to in this subsection as ‘covered entities’);

“(B) vulnerabilities that covered entities may pose to the supplemental nutrition assistance program if covered entities are authorized to accept and redeem benefits under that program;

“(C) opportunities that covered entities may provide to participants of the supplemental nutrition assistance program if covered entities are authorized to accept and redeem benefits under that program;

“(D) recommendations for additional oversight of covered entities under the supplemental nutrition assistance program if covered entities are authorized to accept and redeem benefits under that program;

“(E) standards that may be established to ensure the integrity of the supplemental nutrition assistance program with respect to covered entities if covered entities are authorized to accept and redeem benefits under that program, including—

“(I) to provide to the customer the food purchased using benefits by customers in a timely manner; and

“(II) to continuously meet the requirements described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of section 3(o)(1); and

“(ii) ensuring that the Department of Agriculture has sufficient information to conduct appropriate oversight over covered entities; and

“(2) PILOT PROJECT.—After the Secretary makes publicly available the report described in paragraph (1), the Secretary—

“(A) may conduct a pilot project to authorize entities that sell food but do not own their own food inventory, but otherwise meet the definition of the term ‘retail food store’ under section 3(o) and meet the standards described in paragraph (1)(E), to accept and redeem benefits to test the effectiveness of those standards—

“(i) in protecting and increasing healthy food access for households participating in the supplemental nutrition assistance program; and

“(ii) in providing sufficient information for the Secretary to conduct appropriate oversight over those entities; and

“(B) shall make publicly available a report describing the results of the pilot project conducted under subparagraph (A).”.

“(E) meet the delivery and data submission standards established under paragraph (5); and”;

(3) in paragraph (4), in the paragraph heading, by striking “on-line” and inserting “online”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service, in consultation with the Administrator of the Food Safety and Inspection Service, shall promulgate regulations that, for any retail food store that accepts benefits through an online transaction and offers delivery services for the food purchased using those benefits—

“(i) establish standards for delivery conditions and practices that ensure the preservation of the quality of the food, including perishable food, to prevent contamination and food-borne illnesses; and

“(ii) describe the manner in which data, and the type of data that, should be submitted by retail food stores so that the Secretary may verify compliance with the standards described in clause (i).

“(B) LISTENING SESSIONS.—In promulgating regulations pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service, shall conduct 2 or more public listening sessions that—

“(C) COMPLIANCE.—Not later than 1 year after regulations are promulgated pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall ensure compliance with those regulations.”.

Section 9 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2018) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service, in coordination with offices of the Food and Nutrition Service that oversee retail food store operations or policies, shall develop a plan that considers store owner and operator training and agency timeliness to enhance customer service for applicant and authorized retail food stores.

“(A) not later than 240 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, make publicly available on the website of the Food and Nutrition Service the plan developed under paragraph (1); and

“(B) post periodic updates on the implementation of that plan on that website.”.

(a) In general.—Section 11(e)(2)(B) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2020(e)(2)(B)) is amended—

(2) in clause (vii), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(viii) notwithstanding clause (iii) and section 3(m)(4), may consider an application from an incarcerated individual to be filed on the date that the incarcerated individual is released, subject to the condition that the application is received not more than 30 days prior to the scheduled release date of the incarcerated individual.”.

(b) Amendment to PRWORA.—Section 115 of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (21 U.S.C. 862a) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “for—” and all that follows through the period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting “for assistance under any State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.).”;

(B) by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through “The amount of” in paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

(B) by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through “, and” in paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

“(e) Definition of State.—In this section, the term ‘State’ has the meaning given the term in section 419 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 619), when referring to assistance provided under a State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.).”.

(c) State law effects.—Any State law limitations enacted in accordance with section 115(d) of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (21 U.S.C. 862a(d)) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act) with respect to benefits under the supplemental nutrition assistance program established under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) or any State program carried out under that Act shall have no force or effect.

(d) Effective date.—This section and the amendments made by this section shall take effect on October 1, 2025.

Section 11(e)(2)(C) of the Food and Nutrition of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2020(e)(2)(C)) is amended—

(A) in the clause heading, by inserting “or gestured” after “telephonic”; and

(B) by inserting “or, for hearing impaired applicants, by gesture over a video phone or in person” before the period at the end; and

(2) in clause (iii)(I), by striking “record for future reference the verbal assent” and inserting “record, as audio or video or in writing, for future reference the verbal or gestured assent”.

(1) in subsection (a), by striking “(a) Subject to subsection (k)” and inserting the following:

(ii) in clause (i) (as so designated), by inserting “to improve the accuracy of eligibility and benefit determinations” before “to reduce payment errors”; and

“(I) NOTIFICATION.—Not later than the end of the second quarter of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall notify State agencies if a preliminary review of data from the most recent 6-month period conducted in accordance with the system established under subparagraph (A) indicates that the payment error rate of the State agency for that fiscal year is trending higher than 6 percent.

“(II) ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS.—The Secretary, acting through the Office of Technical Assistance within the Food and Nutrition Service, shall provide 1-on-1 technical assistance to State agencies that receive a notification under subclause (I)—

“(bb) to develop a strategy to improve the accuracy of the eligibility and benefit determinations of the State agency to reduce payment errors.”; and

(i) in each of subparagraphs (A) through (C), by striking “the term” and inserting “The term”; and

(ii) by striking the paragraph designation and all that follows through “section—” and inserting the following:

(B) in paragraph (6), by striking the paragraph designation and heading and all that follows through “each fiscal year thereafter” in the matter preceding clause (i) in subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:

“(B) PUBLICLY AVAILABLE.—For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall make publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture each of the performance criteria established under subparagraph (A) for each State.”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Beginning in fiscal year 2027, each month, each State agency shall submit to the Secretary a report on the activities of the State agency carried out during the immediately preceding month relating to application processing and certifications for the supplemental nutrition assistance program, which shall include, with respect to the month covered by the report—

“(i) the number and percentage of applications and recertifications completed within the applicable timeframe required under this Act;

“(ii) the number and percentage of households that were denied benefits, the cases of which were closed, or the certification periods of which expired due to missed interviews, missing verifications, unreturned recertification or interim reporting forms, and other similar reasons, as determined by the Secretary;

“(iii) the number of applications, periodic reports, and recertifications that remained pending past the date on which those documents were due;

“(iv) the number and percentage of cases due for recertification or periodic reporting that lost benefits and reapplied within the following 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days;

“(v) the total call center volume, average wait time, and average answer rate, as determined by the Secretary, for—

“(I) each call center of the State agency responsible for administering the supplemental nutrition assistance program; and

“(II) any additional call center operated by a county in the State to support the operations of that program; and

“(vi) any other relevant information relating to the application or certification process of the supplemental nutrition assistance program, as determined by the Secretary.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—For fiscal year 2027 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall establish standardized requirements for the monthly reporting required under subparagraph (A) that shall be used to develop customer service metrics that track and assist State agencies with the administration of the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

“(ii) GRACE PERIOD.—During fiscal year 2027, a State agency shall not be required to comply with the standardized requirements established under clause (i) in carrying out the monthly reporting required under subparagraph (A).

“(C) REVISION AND STREAMLINING OF EXISTING REQUIREMENTS.—In establishing the reporting system under this paragraph, the Secretary shall—

“(i) review existing State agency performance criteria and reporting requirements; and

“(ii) make necessary modifications to ensure that data collection for those existing performance criteria and reporting requirements are not duplicative of the requirements under subparagraph (A).

“(i) IN GENERAL.—If a State agency fails to act in good faith to meet the reporting requirements established under this paragraph, the Secretary may assess that State agency a civil penalty for each monthly report described in subparagraph (A) that is not submitted by the date that is 60 days after the end of the month covered by the report.

“(ii) AMOUNT.—The amount of a civil penalty assessed under clause (i) shall be $250,000 for each 30-day period during which the applicable monthly report described in subparagraph (A) is overdue.

“(iii) APPEAL.—The amount of the civil penalty assessed under this subparagraph shall be subject to administrative and judicial review under section 14.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Using the information submitted by a State agency each month, the Secretary shall calculate annual customer service metrics of the State agency, in a manner to be determined by the Secretary.

“(ii) CUSTOMER SERVICE STANDARDS.—The Secretary shall notify a State agency of the annual customer service metrics of that State agency at the time of notification to the State agency of the payment error rate of the State agency.

“(A) QUARTERLY REPORTS FOR FISCAL YEARS 2025 AND 2026.—For each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026, the Secretary shall make publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture, not later than 60 days after receipt from each State agency, the quarterly data that each State agency reports to the Secretary relating to the total number of—

“(i) initial applications that are approved, denied, or overdue, including applications that are subject to expedited service; and

“(B) MONTHLY REPORTS.—For fiscal year 2027 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall make publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture, not later than 60 days after receipt from each State agency, the monthly data that each State agency reports under paragraph (2)(A).”;

(4) in subsection (i)(1), by striking “(as defined in subsection (d)(1))”; and

“(l) Cost-Share for monthly reporting.—Notwithstanding section 16(a), the Secretary shall pay to each State agency an amount equal to 90 percent of all administrative costs related to the implementation by the State agency of the reporting requirements under subsection (d)(2).”.

Section 11(t) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2020(t)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “$5,000,000” and inserting “$25,000,000”;

(B) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

“(F) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, including the governmental agency in each of those territories that administers a nutrition assistance program under section 19 or Public Law 96–597 (94 Stat. 3477), as applicable.”; and

“(6) MULTIYEAR AWARDS.—A grant may be awarded under this section for a project that spans up to 6 years.”.

Section 11 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2020) (as amended by section 4105(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the supplemental nutrition assistance program, a State may elect to implement a streamlined application and certification process (referred to in this subsection as a ‘covered process’) for households in which all adult members—

“(2) CERTIFICATION PERIOD.—The certification period for a household participating through a covered process shall be 36 months.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—A State agency determining the eligibility of an applicant household under a covered process shall, notwithstanding subsection (e)(3),to the maximum extent practicable—

“(ii) allow self-declaration by the applicant of the information required under section 273.2(f) of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation), but verify, prior to certification of the household, factors of eligibility required under this Act or that are provided by the applicant that the State agency determines are questionable.

“(B) ACCOUNTABILITY AND FRAUD PREVENTION.—In carrying out subparagraph (A), a State agency shall, subject to the approval of the Secretary, establish accountability and fraud protection measures to deter fraud and ensure the integrity of the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

“(4) INTERVIEWS.—Notwithstanding subsection (e)(6)(A), for recertification of a household under a covered process, the State agency shall not require an interview unless requested by the household, which may be conducted in-person, if requested by the household, or virtually.

“(5) GUIDANCE.—Prior to allowing States to implement a covered process, the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service shall develop guidance for States, including by consulting with States, to carry out a covered process, which shall include—

Section 17 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2026) (as amended by section 4108(b)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall conduct, and make publicly available a report describing the results of, a study that assesses the potential impacts to the supplemental nutrition assistance program of a statutory change to the definition of the term ‘food’ in section 3 that would—

“(A) include hot foods and hot food products ready for immediate consumption at retail food stores authorized to participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program; and

“(B) exclude hot foods and hot food products ready for immediate consumption from the definition of the term ‘staple food’ in that section.

“(2) CONTENTS.—The study under paragraph (1) shall include an assessment of—

“(A) the types of hot and prepared foods that would be available at authorized retail food stores (including co-located entities at those retail food stores) for purchase using supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits, for different types of authorized retail food stores;

“(B) of the total gross sales of an authorized retail food store, the percentage of sales of hot and prepared foods not intended for home preparation or home consumption, for different types of authorized retail food stores;

“(C) the potential impact of the statutory change described in paragraph (1) on retail food store eligibility under section 278.1(b)(1)(i)(A) of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation); and

“(3) PILOT PROJECTS.—After the report described in paragraph (1) is made publicly available, the Secretary—

“(A) may conduct not more than 5 pilot projects designed to test the effectiveness and efficiency of supplemental nutrition assistance program changes to allow households to purchase hot and prepared foods using benefits; and

“(B) shall make publicly available a report describing the results of each pilot project conducted under subparagraph (A).”.

Section 18(a)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2027(a)(1)) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) Definitions.—Section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012) is amended—

(1) in subsection (r), by inserting “the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,” after “Guam,”; and

(2) in subsection (u)(2), by striking “Hawaii and the urban and rural parts of Alaska to reflect the cost of food in Hawaii and urban and rural Alaska” and inserting “Hawaii, the urban and rural parts of Alaska, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to reflect the cost of food in Hawaii, urban and rural Alaska, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, respectively”.

(b) Eligible households.—Section 5 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b), in the first sentence, by inserting “the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,” after “Guam,”;

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “and Guam,” and inserting “Guam, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,”; and

(B) in the undesignated matter after paragraph (2), by striking “States or Guam” and inserting “States, Guam, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico”; and

(A) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting “and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico” after “Hawaii” each place it appears; and

(B) in paragraph (6)(B), in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting “and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico” after “Columbia”.

(c) Regulations.—Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations to carry out the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b), which regulations shall not take effect until the effective date of the amendments made by those subsections, as described in subsection (d).

(d) Effective date.—The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) shall be effective with respect to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico on the covered start date (as defined in subsection (f)(1) of section 19 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2028)) if a certification under subsection (f)(8)(C) of that section (7 U.S.C. 2028) has been submitted to Congress.

(e) Transition of Puerto Rico to supplemental nutrition assistance program.—Section 19 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2028) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(2)(B), in the subparagraph heading, by striking “commonwealth of puerto rico” and inserting “Commonwealth of Puerto Rico”; and

“(f) Transition of Puerto Rico to supplemental nutrition assistance program.—

“(A) COVERED START DATE.—The term ‘covered start date’ means the date on which the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico intends for all eligible households participating in the program under subsections (a) through (e) to have been transitioned to the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

“(B) PHASE-IN PERIOD.—The term ‘phase-in period’ means a period of not less than 2 years and not more than 5 years beginning not earlier than 9 years and not later than 15 years after the date on which the transition plan is approved under paragraph (3)(A).

“(C) PLAN OF OPERATION.—The term ‘plan of operation’ means a plan of operation for the supplemental nutrition assistance program described in section 11(d) submitted by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

“(D) PLANNING PERIOD.—The term ‘planning period’ means the period beginning on the date on which the transition plan is approved under paragraph (3)(A) and ending on the date on which the phase-in period begins.

“(E) TRANSITION PLAN.—The term ‘transition plan’ means the transition plan of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico described in paragraph (2)(B).

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico may submit to the Secretary a request to transition from operating the nutrition assistance program under this section to operating the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

“(B) TRANSITION PLAN.—A request submitted under subparagraph (A) shall include a transition plan, which shall include—

“(ii) a description of plans for the planning period, which shall include a detailed description of the manner and timeline in which the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico will implement the statutory changes and regulatory development, program design, and planning steps described in the report of the Department of Agriculture entitled ‘Update to Feasibility Study on Implementing SNAP in Puerto Rico, Final Report’ and dated July 2022 (or a subsequent feasibility study); and

“(iii) a description of plans for the phase-in period, which shall include a detailed description of the manner and timeline in which the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico will implement the testing, training, and rollout steps described in the report described in clause (ii) (or a subsequent feasibility study) and carry out activities required under paragraph (6).

“(A) APPROVAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date on which the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico submits a transition plan with a request under paragraph (2)(A), the Secretary shall approve the transition plan if the transition plan—

“(ii) provides a reasonable strategy and timeline for the planning, development, and rollout of the supplemental nutrition assistance program that is likely to ensure successful implementation of the program, as determined by the Secretary.

“(B) DISAPPROVAL.—If the Secretary does not approve the transition plan under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall provide a statement that describes—

“(i) each requirement under paragraph (2)(B) or this paragraph that is not satisfied by the transition plan; and

“(ii) the changes that the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico may make to the transition plan for the Secretary to approve the transition plan.

“(4) ACTION BY SECRETARY.—Not later than 180 days after the date on which the Secretary approves the transition plan under paragraph (3), the Secretary shall make publicly available a report describing the steps that the Secretary shall take to assist the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico during the planning period and phase-in period and the timeline for those steps.

“(5) PLANNING PERIOD.—During the planning period, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico shall carry out activities, as described in the transition plan pursuant to paragraph (2)(B)(ii), to prepare for the phase-in period.

“(A) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the phase-in period is to allow the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to test new systems and make real-time updates to improve accuracy and maintain program integrity while transitioning to the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year before the anticipated start date of the phase-in period, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico shall submit to the Secretary—

“(I) an updated plan for the phase-in period described in paragraph (2)(B)(iii);

“(ii) DETERMINATION.—The Secretary shall approve or disapprove the updated plan for the phase-in period and the draft plan of operation submitted under clause (i) in accordance with paragraph (3).

“(C) REQUIREMENTS.—During the phase-in period, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico shall carry out the plans described in the transition plan pursuant to paragraph (2)(B)(iii) and the updated plan submitted under subparagraph (B)(i)(I), including—

“(i) implementing the supplemental nutrition assistance program in a staggered manner throughout the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;

“(iii) ensuring that activities carried out during the phase-in period substantially meet the requirements for the supplemental nutrition assistance program under this Act, as determined by the Secretary.

“(D) APPROVAL OF RETAIL FOOD STORES.—On the date that is 270 days before the start date of the phase-in period, the Secretary shall begin accepting applications from retail food stores located in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to be authorized under section 9 to participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

“(E) ADMINISTRATION.—During the phase-in period, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico—

“(i) may concurrently operate the program under subsections (a) through (e) until September 30 of the fiscal year of the covered start date;

“(iii) shall be eligible for funding in accordance with section 16(a) for administrative costs relating to carrying out the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year before the anticipated covered start date, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico shall submit to the Secretary a request to implement the supplemental nutrition assistance program, which shall include—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the date on which the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico submits the updated plan of operation under subparagraph (A)(ii), the Secretary shall approve the updated plan of operation if the Secretary determines that—

“(II) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has successfully completed a significant majority of the activities under the plan for the phase-in period.

“(ii) DISAPPROVAL.—If the Secretary does not approve the updated plan of operation plan under clause (i), the Secretary shall provide a statement that describes—

“(I) the reason for the disapproval, including any aspects of the updated plan of operation that do not meet the requirements of this Act; and

“(II) the changes that the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico may make to the updated plan of operation for the Secretary to approve the updated plan of operation.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—On submission of a request by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico under paragraph (7), the Secretary shall certify the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico as qualified to begin full operation of the supplemental nutrition assistance program if the Secretary has approved the updated plan of operation under subparagraph (B) of that paragraph.

“(B) CERTIFICATION DECISION.—The Secretary shall certify or deny the request of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico under subparagraph (A) as soon as practicable after the Secretary receives the request.

“(C) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—The Secretary shall submit a certification under subparagraph (B) to Congress.

“(9) QUALITY CONTROL LIABILITY WAIVER.—Notwithstanding section 16(c), any payment error rates by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico during the first 3 years following the covered start date shall not count towards assessing a liability amount under that section.

“(10) FAMILY MARKET PROGRAM.—Notwithstanding subsection (g), the Secretary shall allow the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to continue to carry out under the supplemental nutrition assistance program the Family Market Program established pursuant to this section, under terms and conditions approved by the Secretary.

“(11) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the Secretary makes publicly available the report under paragraph (4), and each year thereafter until the end of the phase-in period, the Secretary shall make publicly available a report with respect to the progress of the transition of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

“(12) TRANSITION FUNDING.—Of amounts made available under section 18(a)(1), the Secretary shall use such sums as are necessary to carry out this subsection, to remain available until expended.

“(g) Termination of effectiveness.—Subsections (a) through (e) shall cease to be effective with respect to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico on the covered start date (as defined in subsection (f)(1)) if a certification under subsection (f)(8)(C) has been submitted to Congress.”.

Section 25(b)(2) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2034(b)(2)) is amended—

(2) in subparagraph (D), by striking “fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter.” and inserting “each of fiscal years 2019 through 2024; and”; and

(a) In general.—Section 28 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036a) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking “or community organizations” and inserting “community-based, nongovernmental, or nonprofit organizations”;

(I) by inserting “, including standards for reporting and evaluating the effectiveness of different projects,” before “established”; and

“(v) ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that interventions consider traditional and cultural foodways appropriate for the target populations of the interventions.”;

(C) in paragraph (4), by inserting “and any entity that enters into an agreement with a State agency to deliver services under this subsection” after “State agencies”;

(i) by striking “and community organizations” and inserting “community-based, nongovernmental, and nonprofit organizations”; and

(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting “, including the consideration of traditional and cultural foodways appropriate for the target population of the project.”; and

“(10) OPTION IN ELECTRONIC REPORTING SYSTEM.—The Secretary shall provide an option for State agencies to submit information describing the successes and challenges of projects and interventions through the electronic reporting system described in paragraph (2)(B)(iii).”;

(i) by striking “fiscal year 2016 and each subsequent fiscal year” and inserting “each of fiscal years 2016 through 2029”; and

“(G) for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2028, in addition to the amount described in subparagraph (F) for each of those fiscal years—

“(H) for fiscal year 2029 and each fiscal year thereafter, the total amount reserved for the preceding fiscal year, as adjusted to reflect any increases for the 12-month period ending the preceding June 30 in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor.”; and

“(A) EMERGENCY PERIOD.—The term ‘emergency period’ means a period during which there exists—

“(ii) a major disaster declared by the President under section 401 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170); or

“(iii) an emergency declared by the President under section 501 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 5191).

“(B) QUALIFIED ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENT.—The term ‘qualified administrative requirement’ means a requirement under this section or a regulatory requirement promulgated pursuant to this section.

“(2) MODIFICATION OR WAIVER.—Notwithstanding any other provision in this Act, during an emergency period, the Secretary may modify or waive for a State agency any qualified administrative requirement if—

“(A) the qualified administrative requirement cannot be met by the State agency; and

“(B) the modification or waiver of the requirement is necessary to provide modified nutrition education and obesity prevention programming to eligible individuals during the emergency period, including by offering that programming in conjunction with other nutrition assistance programs.

“(3) DURATION.—A modification or waiver made under paragraph (2) may be available until the date that is 60 days after the end of the applicable emergency period.”.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate such regulations as are necessary to implement this section and the amendments made by this section.

(2) COMMENTS.—In promulgating the regulations required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall request and consider public comments on the usability of the electronic reporting system described in section 28(c) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036a(c)).

(1) in the section heading, by striking “Retail food store and recipient trafficking” and inserting “Prevention of trafficking and benefit theft”;

(A) by inserting “, including benefit theft,” before “in violation”; and

(B) by striking “recipient and retail food store program” and inserting “recipient, retail food store, and electronic benefit transfer system”;

(3) in subsection (b)(1), by striking “store and recipient” and inserting “store, recipient, and electronic benefit transfer system”; and

(4) in subsection (c)(1), by striking “$5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023” and inserting “$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”.

Section 203D(d) of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7507(d)) is amended—

(2) in paragraph (5), by striking “$4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “$8,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter”.

Section 203D of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7507) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—In this subsection, the term ‘eligible entity’ means—

“(B) a private nonprofit entity, such as a community-based organization, food bank, or other emergency feeding organization.

“(2) GRANTS.—The Secretary shall award grants on a competitive basis to eligible entities to carry out the projects described in paragraph (3).

“(3) PROJECTS DESCRIBED.—A project referred to in paragraph (2) is a project to purchase for distribution under the program established under this Act food that—

“(A) meets 1 or more demonstrated specific needs of the area served by the eligible entity; and

“(4) VERIFICATION.—An eligible entity carrying out a project using a grant awarded under paragraph (2) shall verify, in accordance with a process established by the Secretary, that foods purchased under the project are domestically produced.

“(A) MANDATORY FUNDING.—There is appropriated, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Secretary to carry out this subsection $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until the end of the subsequent fiscal year.

“(B) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts made available under subparagraph (A), there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this subsection $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until the end of the subsequent fiscal year.”.

Section 214(c) of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7515(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(A) DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED STATE.—In this paragraph, the term ‘geographically isolated State’ means—

“(B) ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY OPTIONS.—At the request of a State agency of a geographically isolated State or a Tribal organization, the Secretary shall coordinate with the State agency or Tribal organization to establish alternative delivery options for commodities allocated to that State agency or Tribal organization under this section to ensure that the geographically isolated State or Tribal organization is able to receive those commodities.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—At the request of a State agency of a geographically isolated State or a Tribal organization, the Secretary may transfer to the State agency or Tribal organization the cash value of not more than 100 percent of the commodities allocated to that State agency or Tribal organization under this section to be used by the State agency or Tribal organization to procure domestically grown food in lieu of receipt of those commodities.

“(ii) PLAN.—A State agency or Tribal organization making a request under clause (i) shall submit to the Secretary a plan that describes how the State agency or Tribal organization will track and regularly report to the Secretary the commodity purchases made with the funds received under clause (i).”.

Section 214(c) of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7515(c)) (as amended by section 4203) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(4) OPTION FOR PURCHASING THROUGH DOD FRESH.—At the request of a State agency, the Secretary may allow the State agency to use not more than 20 percent of the cost of the commodities allocated to that State agency under this section to order commodities through the Department of Defense Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program.”.

(a) Definitions.—Section 201A of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7501) is amended—

“(vi) a Tribal organization, including any Tribal organization participating in the food distribution program on Indian reservations under section 4(b) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b));”;

“(10) TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘Tribal organization’ has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012).”.

(b) Indian tribes.—The Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 is amended by inserting after section 202A (7 U.S.C. 7503) the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—To receive commodities under this Act, a Tribal organization shall submit to the Secretary an operation and administration plan for the provision of benefits under this Act.

“(2) UPDATES.—A Tribal organization shall submit to the Secretary for approval any amendment to a plan submitted under paragraph (1) in any case in which the Tribal organization proposes to make a change to the operation or administration of a program described in the plan.

“(1) designate the Tribal entity responsible for distributing the commodities received under this Act;

“(2) set forth a plan of operation and administration to expeditiously distribute commodities under this Act, which may include the use of warehouses and facilities used to store food under the program established under section 4(b) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b));

“(4) set forth the standards of eligibility for individual or household recipients of commodities, which shall require—

“(A) individuals that are, or households to be composed of, needy persons; and

“(B) individual or household members to be residing in the geographic location served by the distributing agency at the time of applying for assistance.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in this Act or section 27 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036), the provisions of this Act that apply to States with plans approved under section 202A, shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be applicable to Tribal organizations with plans approved under this section.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall apply the allocation formula under section 214(a) to allot additional commodities using funding under section 27(a)(3) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036(a)(3)) to Tribal organizations with approved plans under this section using the best available data, as determined by the Secretary in accordance with subparagraph (B), on—

“(I) the number of persons in households that have incomes below the poverty line; and

“(II) the average monthly number of unemployed persons in the Indian Tribe; and

“(I) the number of persons in households that have incomes below the poverty line; and

“(II) the average monthly number of unemployed persons in all the Indian Tribes.

“(B) BEST AVAILABLE DATA.—The Secretary shall determine the best available data for purposes of subparagraph (A) by consulting with other Federal agencies with responsibilities relating to collection of data on Tribal populations, such as the Bureau of the Census, the Indian Health Service, the Office of Minority Health, the Administration on Native Americans at the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Center for Indian Country Development at the Federal Reserve, the Department of Labor, and the Department of Transportation.”.

(a) Availability of commodities for emergency food assistance program.—Section 27(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036(a)) is amended—

“(E) for fiscal year 2029 and each fiscal year thereafter, the total dollar amount of commodities specified in subparagraph (D), adjusted by the percentage by which the thrifty food plan has been adjusted under section 3(u)(4) to reflect changes between June 30, 2027, and June 30 of the immediately preceding fiscal year.

“(3) AMOUNTS FOR TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS.—The Secretary shall use to carry out paragraph (1) for Tribal organizations with plans approved under section 203 of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983—

“(E) for fiscal year 2029 and each subsequent fiscal year, the total dollar amount of commodities specified in subparagraph (D) adjusted by the percentage by which the thrifty food plan has been adjusted under section 3(u)(4) to reflect changes between June 30, 2027, and June 30 of the immediately preceding fiscal year.

“(4) FUNDS AVAILABILITY.—For purposes of the funds described in this subsection, the Secretary shall—

“(B) allow States and Tribal organizations to carry over unexpended balances to the next fiscal year pursuant to such terms and conditions as are determined by the Secretary.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may use not more than 20 percent of the funds made available under paragraph (2) for costs associated with the distribution of commodities.

“(i) FISCAL YEARS 2025 THROUGH 2028.—For each of fiscal years 2025 through 2028, the Secretary may use not more than 30 percent of the funds made available under paragraph (3) for costs associated with the distribution of commodities by Tribal organizations with plans approved under section 203 of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983.

“(ii) FISCAL YEAR 2029 AND THEREAFTER.—For fiscal year 2029 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary may use not more than 20 percent of the funds made available under paragraph (3) for costs associated with the distribution of commodities by Tribal organizations with plans approved under section 203 of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983.”.

(1) AUTHORIZATION AND APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 204(a)(1) of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7508(a)(1)) is amended—

(B) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), by striking “Funds appropriated” in the second sentence and inserting the following:

“(B) TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS.—In addition to the amounts authorized to be appropriated in subparagraph (A), there is authorized to be appropriated $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter for the Secretary to make available to Tribal organizations with plans approved under section 203 to pay for the direct and indirect costs of the Tribal organization related to the processing, storage, transportation, and distribution to eligible recipient agencies of commodities provided by the Secretary under this Act and commodities secured from other sources, including commodities secured by gleaning (as defined in section 111(a) of the Hunger Prevention Act of 1988 (7 U.S.C. 612c note; Public Law 100–435)) and donated wild game.

(i) by inserting “and Tribal organizations” after “States” the first two places it appears; and

(ii) by striking “States. If a State agency” and inserting the following: “States or Tribal organizations.

(D) in subparagraph (D) (as so designated), by inserting “or Tribal organizations” before the period at the end.

(2) EMERGENCY FOOD PROGRAM INFRASTRUCTURE GRANTS.—Section 209 of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7511a) is amended by striking subsections (a) through (d) and inserting the following:

“(a) In general.—For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall use funds made available under subsection (e) to make grants to States and Tribal organizations to pay the costs of activities described in subsection (d) and to pay State and Tribal costs associated with administering the grant.

“(b) Amount of grant.—The amount of a grant received by States and Tribal organizations under subsection (a) shall be based on a formula determined by the Secretary.

“(c) Rural, underserved, and tribal area preference.—The Secretary shall ensure that a State or Tribal organization shall apply not less than 50 percent of the grant received under subsection (a), in each fiscal year, to support efforts that strengthen and expand emergency food assistance in rural, underserved, or Tribal communities, as applicable.

“(d) Use of funds.—A State or Tribal organization shall use a grant received under subsection (a) in any fiscal year to carry out activities of the State or Tribal organization authorized under this Act or to make funds available for eligible recipient agencies to carry out such activities, including—

“(1) developing and maintaining computerized systems needed to safely and efficiently distribute food to people in need;

“(2) providing capital, infrastructure, and operating costs associated with the collection, storage, distribution, and transportation of commodities provided by the Secretary under this Act and commodities secured from other sources;

“(3) improving the security and diversity of the emergency food distribution and recovery systems of the United States;

“(4) providing recovered foods to food banks and similar nonprofit, governmental, or Tribal emergency food providers to reduce hunger in the United States;

“(B) potential nonprofit, governmental, or Tribal emergency food providers; and

“(6) renovating, expanding, or repairing a facility or equipment to support hunger relief agencies in the community.

“(e) Funding.—There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until the end of the subsequent fiscal year.”.

Section 4(a) of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 612c note; Public Law 93–86) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 5 of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 612c note; Public Law 93–86) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), in each of paragraphs (1) and (2)(B), by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2029”;

(2) in subsection (d)(2), in the first sentence, by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”; and

“(3) EXCLUSION OF VALUE OF MEDICARE BENEFITS FROM INCOME.—In determining the income of an individual for purposes of eligibility for assistance under the commodity supplemental food program, a State shall exclude the value of any benefits provided to the individual (or a member of the individual's household) under the Medicare program under title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.).”.

Section 1114(a)(2)(A) of the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 (7 U.S.C. 1431e(a)(2)(A)) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 4402 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 3007) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by striking “Seniors” and inserting “Senior”;

(2) by striking “seniors farmers' market” each place it appears and inserting “senior farmers' market”;

(i) by inserting “(referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’)” after “Secretary of Agriculture”; and

(ii) by striking “2008 through 2023” and inserting “2025 through 2029”; and

“(2) ADDITIONAL FUNDING.—In addition to the funds made available under paragraph (1), of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this section $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, with priority given to expanding the senior farmers' market nutrition program to States, territories, and Indian Tribes that are not participants of that program as of the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024.”;

(4) in subsection (b)(1), by inserting “maple syrup,” after “honey,”; and

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause (ii), on request of a State, the Secretary may waive or modify a requirement under regulations promulgated pursuant to this section if the Secretary determines that the waiver or modification of the requirement would facilitate the ability of the State to carry out innovation and program modernization efforts that would improve services and redemption of benefits under the senior farmers’ market nutrition program.

“(I) any requirement under section 249.7 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation); or

“(II) any requirement under section 249.8(a) of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation).

“(iii) REQUEST.—To request a waiver or modification under clause (i), a State shall submit to the Secretary an application that—

“(I) identifies the requirement that is requested to be waived or modified; and

“(aa) the goal of the waiver or modification to improve services under the senior farmers' market nutrition program; and

“(i) DEFINITION OF EMERGENCY PERIOD.—In this subparagraph, the term ‘emergency period’ means a period during which there exists—

“(I) a public health emergency declared by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d) or a renewal of such a public health emergency declaration;

“(II) a major disaster declared by the President under section 401 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170); or

“(III) an emergency declared by the President under section 501 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 5191).

“(ii) MODIFICATION OR WAIVER.—The Secretary may modify or waive for a State agency any requirement under regulations promulgated pursuant to this section if—

“(aa) any portion of an emergency period under the conditions that prompted the emergency period; or

“(bb) a supply chain disruption that significantly affects the availability of food eligible for purchase; and

“(II) the modification or waiver of the requirement is necessary to provide assistance under this section.

“(I) may be available until the date that is 60 days after the end of the applicable emergency period or supply chain disruption;

“(II) shall not modify or waive any requirement under section 249.7 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation); and

“(III) shall not substantially change the types of foods eligible for purchase in accordance with section 249.8(a) of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation).”.

Section 10603(b) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 612c–4(b)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 4405 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 7517) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) as paragraphs (5), (3), and (4), respectively, and moving the paragraphs so as to appear in numerical order;

(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking “subsection (c)” and inserting “subsection (g)”;

(I) in clause (i)(I), by striking “or services” and inserting “services, or retailer associate wages”;

“(C) RESTRICTION.—The Secretary may not require that projects test innovative or promising strategies or technologies.”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the criteria and priorities described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2), respectively, beginning in fiscal year 2025, the Secretary may enter into a cooperative agreement with a State agency administering the supplemental nutrition assistance program, or a nonprofit entity in partnership with such a State agency, for a project that—

“(II) has a demonstrated record for launching and maintaining projects described in paragraph (2)(A)(ii); and

“(III) has the project design, infrastructure, and administrative support necessary for project implementation in, as applicable, a State, region, or Indian lands;

“(ii) will expand participation and access levels in a State, region, or land of an Indian Tribe compared to the existing project carried out by the State agency or nonprofit entity using the grant described in clause (i)(I);

“(iii) will allocate, by the fourth year of the cooperative agreement, not less than 90 percent of the amount of the cooperative agreement to providing direct incentives to households participating in the supplemental nutrition assistance program;

“(B) LIMITATION.—For the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, the Secretary may enter into new cooperative agreements under this paragraph for a total of not more than 15 projects.”;

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (5) as paragraphs (3) through (6), respectively;

“(i) award grants of not more than $400,000 per project to 1 or more eligible entities—

“(I) to study previously unknown facts about designing produce prescription projects;

“(II) to establish or validate best practices for produce prescription projects; or

“(III) to establish infrastructure that aids Federally-qualified health centers described in subsection (a)(3)(B) and independent produce retailers, including direct marketing farmers, in carrying out produce prescription projects; and

“(ii) award grants of not less than $1,000,000 per project to 1 or more eligible entities—

“(I) that have a demonstrated ability to expand clinical research on the value of delivering a produce prescription project through healthcare partners; and

“(aa) demonstrate and evaluate the impact of the projects on each of the purposes of the program described in paragraph (2);

“(ee) have demonstrated the ability to scale when delivered through healthcare partners.

“(2) PROGRAM PURPOSES.—The purposes of the grant program established under paragraph (1) are—

“(A) to improve dietary health through increased consumption of fruits and vegetables;

“(A) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity seeking a grant under paragraph (1) shall submit to the Secretary an application containing such information as the Secretary may require, including the information described in subparagraph (B).”;

(I) in clause (i), by striking “paragraph (2)” and inserting “paragraph (3)”; and

(II) in clause (ii)(I)(cc), by striking “subparagraphs (A) through (C) of paragraph (1)” and inserting “items (aa) through (dd) of paragraph (1)(B)(ii)(II), if applicable”; and

“(C) PRIORITY.—In awarding grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to produce prescription projects that include multiple locations or a variety of locations at which produce prescriptions may be redeemed.

“(I) to review applications submitted to the Secretary pursuant to this paragraph; and

“(II) to make recommendations to the Secretary with respect to those applications.

“(III) at least 1 individual with experience providing healthcare in community-based health clinics.”; and

“(7) DEFINITION OF PRODUCE PRESCRIPTION PROJECT.—In this subsection, the term ‘produce prescription project’ means a project under which an eligible entity—

“(B) provides financial or nonfinancial incentives for members to purchase or procure fruits and vegetables; and

“(ii) establish additional accessible locations for members to procure fruits and vegetables.”;

(I) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “grantees” and inserting “recipients of grants and cooperative agreements”;

(II) in clause (ii), by striking “grantee projects” and inserting “the projects of those recipients”;

(IV) by redesignating clauses (iv) and (v) as clauses (v) and (vi), respectively; and

“(iv) developing training and guidance, in conjunction with the Food and Nutrition Service, on providing, and promoting the provision of, direct incentives to participants electronically, such as through the electronic benefit transfer system of a State agency;”; and

(II) in subclause (II), by inserting “or cooperative agreement” after “grant”; and

“(C) COMMITMENT.—Any organization entering into a cooperative agreement with the Secretary under this paragraph shall commit—

“(i) to working collaboratively and sharing appropriate data with any other organization entering into a cooperative agreement with the Secretary under this paragraph; and

“(ii) to the maximum extent practicable, to providing 1-on-1 technical assistance to applicants for grants and cooperative agreements under subsections (b) and (c).”;

“(f) Policies and procedures.—The Secretary shall establish policies and procedures—

“(1) to require coordination between the appropriate partner agencies within the Department of Agriculture—

“(A) that allows reasonable timeframes for each agency to review applications for grants and cooperative agreements under subsections (b) and (c) to ensure that eligible entities receiving those grants or cooperative agreements—

“(ii) comply with the applicable statutory and regulatory requirements for the supplemental nutrition assistance program; and

“(2) relating to conflicts of interest, including prohibiting any individual from reviewing or selecting eligible entities to receive grants under this section if the financial interest of that individual would directly or predictably be affected by such a grant.”; and

(i) by redesignating the second subparagraph (C) (relating to fiscal year 2019) through subparagraph (G) as subparagraphs (D) through (H), respectively;

(ii) in subparagraph (G) (as so redesignated), by striking “and” at the end;

(iii) in subparagraph (H) (as so redesignated), by striking “fiscal year 2023 and each fiscal year thereafter.” and inserting “each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024; and”; and

“(I) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter.”; and

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”;

(iii) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking “2023.” and inserting “2029; and”; and

“(D) the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, use for cooperative agreements under subsection (b)(3) not less than $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter.”.

(a) In general.—Section 4208 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2026a) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by striking “fluid milk” and inserting “dairy nutrition”;

(A) in each of paragraphs (1) through (3), by striking the comma and inserting a semicolon;

(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting “for any age group” after “recommendations”;

(C) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (4) as clauses (i) through (iv), respectively, and indenting appropriately; and

(D) by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through “the term” in the matter preceding paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

“(ii) the second ingredient on the labeled ingredients list of the product, if the first listed ingredient is water;

“(B) that is consistent with the most recent dietary recommendations for any age group; and

(B) by striking “healthy fluid milk incentive projects” and inserting “healthy dairy nutrition incentive projects”;

(D) by inserting “and dairy products” before “at the point of purchase”;

(4) in subsection (c)(3), by inserting “and dairy products” after “fluid milk”;

(A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking “fluid milk” and inserting “dairy nutrition”; and

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “31 of 2020” and inserting “31, 2026”; and

(I) by striking “fluid milk” each place it appears and inserting “dairy nutrition”; and

(II) by striking “, and” each place it appears and inserting “; and”; and

(6) in subsection (e)(1), by inserting “for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029” before “to carry out”.

(b) Effect on healthy fluid milk incentive projects.—In carrying out the amendments made by subsection (a), the Secretary shall ensure that there is no interruption in any project carried out under section 4208 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2026a) (as in effect before October 1, 2025) until the conclusion of the grant terms of that project.

Section 243 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act (7 U.S.C. 6953) is amended—

“(d) Program evaluation.—Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary, in coordination with the national fund manager and the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service, shall complete and publish an evaluation of the program established under this section—

“(2) that measures, at a minimum, the short-term and long-term impacts of a funded project on access to healthy foods in the applicable community.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—There is appropriated to carry out this section, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter.

“(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts made available under paragraph (1), there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $125,000,000, to remain available until expended.

“(3) USE OF FUNDS.—Of the funds made available under this subsection, the Secretary shall use not more than $2,000,000 to carry out subsection (d) for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”.

Section 4206 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7518) is amended—

(1) in subsection (c), by striking “distribution of subgrants” and inserting “and noncompetitive distribution of subgrants or other financial assistance”;

(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting “and other financial assistance” after “Subgrants”;

(i) in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting “or other financial assistance provided” after “subgrant”;

(iv) in subparagraph (B) (as so redesignated), by inserting “or other financial assistance provided” after “subgrant”;

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “distribution of subgrants under subsection (c)” and inserting “and noncompetitive distribution of subgrants or other financial assistance under this section”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “or other financial assistance provided” after “subgrant”;

(D) in paragraph (3), by inserting “or other financial assistance under this section” after “subgrants”;

(E) in paragraph (4), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting “or other financial assistance provided” after “subgrant”; and

(F) in paragraph (5), by inserting “or other financial assistance” after “subgrant”;

(A) by inserting “or other financial assistance” after “subgrant” each place it appears; and

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking “subgrants by eligible entities” and inserting “subgrant or other financial assistance by the eligible entity”; and

(5) in subsection (g)(1), by striking “fiscal year 2019 and” and inserting “each of fiscal years 2019 through 2024, and $30,000,000 for”.

(a) Definition of geographically isolated State.—In this section, the term “geographically isolated State” has the meaning given the term in paragraph (3)(A) of section 214(c) of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7515(c)) (as added by section 4203).

(b) Study.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on all nutrition programs (excluding child nutrition programs) administered by the Secretary to evaluate whether those nutrition programs are working effectively and equitably within geographically isolated States, as compared to those nutrition programs operating within the continental United States, including whether—

(1) there are unique challenges that result from the particular location of a geographically isolated State, including the availability of food price data and whether the food price data used by the Department of Agriculture are reflective of food costs in the geographically isolated State;

(2) the needs of different communities are being addressed by those nutrition programs; and

(3) language barriers are preventing individuals in any geographically isolated State from accessing a nutrition program.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the date of completion of the study under subsection (b), the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report describing the results of the study.

(2) RECOMMENDATIONS.—If the Comptroller General of the United States determines under the study under subsection (b) that nutrition programs administered by the Secretary are not working effectively and equitably within geographically isolated States, as compared to the operation of those nutrition programs within the continental United States (including with respect to food price data and whether the food price data used by the Department of Agriculture accurately reflect food costs in each geographically isolated State), the report under paragraph (1) shall include such legislative and other recommendations as the Comptroller General determines would result in those programs working effectively and equitably within geographically isolated States.

(a) Definition of covered nutrition program.—In this section, the term “covered nutrition program” means—

(1) the supplemental nutrition assistance program established under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.);

(2) the senior farmers’ market nutrition program established under section 4402 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 3007); and

(b) Streamlined application process.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a streamlined application process for direct marketing farmers to apply to be authorized to sell eligible foods under each of the covered nutrition programs by developing, to the maximum extent practicable—

(1) a single application that a direct marketing farmer may use to apply to each of the covered nutrition programs; or

(A) notifies and shares the necessary and appropriate information of a direct marketing farmer who is approved to be authorized to sell eligible foods under a covered nutrition program with each of the other covered nutrition programs such that another covered nutrition program is prompted to determine the eligibility of the direct marketing farmer to be authorized to sell eligible foods under that covered nutrition program; and

(c) Report.—Not later than 30 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report that—

(1) describes the extent to which the Secretary was able to develop a single application or information-sharing system under subsection (b); and

(2) identifies any statutory, regulatory, and operational barriers to implementing subsection (b).

(d) Coordination.—The Secretary shall carry out this section in coordination with the Office of Customer Experience and the Office of Digital Services of the Department of Agriculture.

(1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $5,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

(2) APPROPRIATION IN ADVANCE.—Only funds appropriated under paragraph (1) in advance specifically to carry out this section shall be available to carry out this section.

(1) FOOD SECURITY.—The term “food security” means access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life.

(2) NUTRITION SECURITY.—The term “nutrition security” means consistent and equitable access to healthy, safe, and affordable foods essential to optimal health and well-being.

(3) SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.—The term “supplemental nutrition assistance program” means the supplemental nutrition assistance program established under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.).

(b) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and make publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture, a report on food security and nutrition security in the United States.

(1) an analysis of the food security, nutrition security, and diet quality of participants and nonparticipants in the supplemental nutrition assistance program;

(2) (A) a summary of changes made to the supplemental nutrition assistance program that are intended to improve food security, nutrition security, and diet quality; and

(B) an analysis of the impact and effectiveness of those changes on food security, nutrition security, and diet quality; and

(3) recommendations for additional authority to be provided to the Secretary to improve food security, nutrition security, and diet quality for participants in the supplemental nutrition assistance program.

(d) Appropriations.—There are appropriated, out of any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter.

(1) DISABILITY.—The term “disability” has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12102).

(2) OLDER PERSON.—The term “older person” has the meaning given the term “older individual” in section 102 of the Older Americans Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3002).

(3) TASK FORCE.—The term “Task Force” means the Interagency Task Force to Address Hunger and Promote Access to Healthy Food Among Older Adults and Adults with Disabilities established by subsection (b).

(b) Establishment.—There is established a task force, to be known as the “Interagency Task Force to Address Hunger and Promote Access to Healthy Food Among Older Adults and Adults with Disabilities”.

(F) The Administrator of the Administration for Community Living (or a designee).

(G) The Administrator for Independent Living within the Administration for Community Living (or a designee).

(H) The Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration (or a designee).

(L) The Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or a designee).

(M) The Assistant Secretary for Mental Health and Substance Use (or a designee).

(O) The Deputy Administrator for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (or a designee).

(P) The Director of the Office on Nutrition Research of the National Institutes of Health (or a designee).

(R) The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (or a designee).

(S) The head of any other relevant Federal department or agency, as determined appropriate by the Secretary, and appointed by the President.

(T) At least 2 older persons, appointed by the President, who are recipients of Federal nutrition benefits, as determined by the President.

(U) At least 2 adults with disabilities, appointed by the President, who are recipients of Federal nutrition benefits, as determined by the President.

(V) At least 2 members of grandfamilies or kinship families, appointed by the President, who are recipients of Federal nutrition benefits, as determined by the President.

(W) At least 1 representative, appointed by the President, from a national older adult nutrition organization.

(X) At least 1 representative, appointed by the President, from a national organization that addresses hunger among adults with disabilities.

(Y) At least 1 representative, appointed by the President, from a national antihunger organization.

(2) CHAIRPERSON.—The Chairperson of the Task Force shall be the Secretary (or a designee).

(3) VICE CHAIRPERSON.—The Vice Chairperson of the Task Force shall be the Administrator of the Administration for Community Living (or a designee).

(1) Identify, promote, coordinate, and disseminate information and resources and other available best practices—

(A) to address hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition among older adults and adults with disabilities; and

(A) addressing hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition among older adults and adults with disabilities; and

(B) increasing access to healthy, affordable, and local or regional food for older adults and adults with disabilities.

(A) to collaboratively address hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition among older adults and adults with disabilities;

(B) to promote access to healthy, affordable, and local or regional food for older adults and adults with disabilities; and

(4) Examine challenges to interagency efforts to carry out subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (3).

(e) Report.—Not later than September 30, 2027, the Task Force shall submit to Congress a report that describes—

(1) best practices for addressing hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition and promoting access to healthy, affordable, and local or regional food among older adults and adults with disabilities;

(2) recommendations to support interagency efforts to address hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition and promote access to healthy, affordable, and local or regional food among older adults and adults with disabilities;

(3) existing barriers to promoting interagency collaboration to address hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition and access to healthy, affordable, and local or regional food among older adults and adults with disabilities; and

(4) innovative practices to address hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition and promote access to healthy, affordable, and local or regional food among older adults and adults with disabilities.

(a) Section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012) is amended by striking subsection (g) and inserting the following:

(b) Section 5(d) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014(d)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “law)” and all that follows through the semicolon at the end and inserting “law);”; and

(c) Section 6(r)(1)(A)(iv) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(r)(1)(A)(iv)) is amended by inserting “section” before “40002(a)”.

(d) Section 7 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2016) (as amended by section 4107(a)(1)) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking “subsection (h)(13)” and inserting “subsection (h)(12)”;

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (6) through (14) as paragraphs (5) through (13), respectively; and

(3) in subsection (j)(1)(A), by striking “subsection (h)(11)(A)” and inserting “subsection (h)(10)(A)”.

(e) Section 12 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2021) is amended—

(I) by striking “the purchase of coupons or trafficking in coupons or authorization cards” and inserting “trafficking related to benefits”; and

(II) by striking “such purchase of coupons or trafficking in coupons or cards” and inserting “such occasion of trafficking related to benefits”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking “coupons” and inserting “benefits”; and

(2) in subsection (d)(4), by striking “coupons” each place it appears and inserting “benefits”;

(4) in subsection (f), in the first sentence, by striking “food coupons” and inserting “benefits”.

(f) Section 3(9)(B) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 622(9)(B)) is amended by striking “the food stamp program” and inserting “the supplemental nutrition assistance program established under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.)”.

Except as otherwise provided, this title and the amendments made by this title shall take effect on October 1, 2025.

(a) Persons eligible for real estate loans.—Section 302 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1922) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(1), in the second sentence, by striking “without regard to any lapse between farming experiences,”; and

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may make a direct loan under this subtitle only to a farmer or rancher who has at least 1 year of experience substantially participating in the management and business operations of a farm or ranch, as determined by the Secretary, or has other acceptable education or experience, as determined by the Secretary.”; and

“(3) WAIVER AUTHORITY.—In the case of a qualified beginning farmer or rancher, the Secretary may waive the 1-year requirement described in paragraph (1) if the qualified beginning farmer or rancher has an established relationship with an individual who has experience in farming or ranching, or with a local farm or ranch operator or organization, approved by the Secretary and committed to mentoring the qualified beginning farmer or rancher.”.

(b) Allowed purposes of loans.—Section 303(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1923(a)) is amended—

(a) Conservation plan.—Section 304(b)(3) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1924(b)(3)) is amended by—

(1) redesignating subparagraphs (F) and (G) as subparagraphs (G) and (H), respectively; and

“(F) the adoption of precision agriculture practices and the acquisition of precision agriculture technology;”.

(b) Priority.—Section 304(d) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1924(d)) is amended—

(2) in paragraph (3), by striking “1985.” and inserting “1985 (16 U.S.C. 3812); and”; and

“(4) producers who use the loans to adopt precision agriculture practices or acquire precision agriculture technology, including adoption or acquisition for the purpose of participating in the environmental quality incentives program under subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa et seq.).”.

(c) Authorization of appropriations.—Section 304(h) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1924(h)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(d) Conforming amendment.—Section 304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1924) is amended, in the section heading, by inserting “and precision agriculture” after “Conservation”.

(a) In general.—Section 305 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1925) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections (c) and (d), respectively;

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “The Secretary” and inserting “Except as provided in subsection (b), the Secretary”; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “$600,000, or, in the case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $1,750,000 (increased, beginning with fiscal year 2019” and inserting “$850,000, or, in the case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $3,000,000 (increased, beginning with fiscal year 2025”; and

“(b) Refinanced guaranteed loans.—In the case of a direct loan refinancing a guaranteed loan pursuant to section 303(a)(1)(F), the Secretary may make a loan equal to the unpaid indebtedness of the borrower.”.

(b) Inflation percentage.—Section 305 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1925) is amended, in subsection (d) (as redesignated by subsection (a)(1))—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “of the Prices Paid By Farmers Index (as compiled by the National Agricultural Statistics Service of the Department of Agriculture) for the 12-month period ending on July 31 of the immediately preceding fiscal year” and inserting “of the per acre average United States farm real estate value for the preceding year (as published in the applicable Agricultural Land Values report of the National Agricultural Statistics Service of the Department of Agriculture)”; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “of such index (as so defined) for the 12-month period that immediately precedes the 12-month period described in paragraph (1)” and inserting “of the per acre average United States farm real estate value for the year immediately preceding the year described in paragraph (1) (as so published)”.

(a) In general.—Section 303(a)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1923(a)(1)) is amended—

(2) in subparagraph (E)(ii), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

“(F) refinancing a guaranteed loan described in paragraph (2), if the Secretary determines that—

“(ii) the borrower on that guaranteed loan has attempted to work with the lender and has been unsuccessful;

“(iii) the borrower has a reasonable chance for success of the operation financed by the guaranteed loan; and

“(iv) the refinanced loan will have no more than a minimal impact on the loan programs of the Farm Service Agency.”.

(b) Guaranteed loans.—Section 309(h) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1929(h)) is amended—

(2) in paragraph (6), by striking the paragraph heading and inserting “Guaranteed loans to Down Payment Loan Program participants guaranteed up to 95 percent”.

Section 310E(b)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1935(b)(1)) is amended—

Section 310I of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1936c) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by striking “relend the funds to individuals and entities” and inserting “use the funds”;

“(c) Eligible purposes.—An eligible entity that receives a loan made by the Secretary pursuant to subsection (a)—

“(1) shall relend the proceeds from the loan for projects that assist heirs with undivided ownership interests to resolve ownership and succession on farmland that has multiple owners; and

“(2) may use not more than 25 percent of the amount of the loan to pay administrative costs of relending the proceeds.”; and

“(4) The Secretary may forgive, as the Secretary determines appropriate, the amount of a loan used to pay administrative costs of relending the proceeds from the loan.”.

“(1) REPORTS OF ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—Each eligible entity that receives a loan under this section shall submit to the Secretary an annual report that—

“(A) describes the progress and outcomes of the activities conducted by the eligible entity pursuant to the loan using funding provided under this section, including—

“(i) the number of individuals who received assistance from the eligible entity;

“(ii) the number of individuals whose farm ownership interests were resolved; and

“(iii) the number of individual heirs involved in each case involving undivided ownership; and

“(2) REPORT BY THE SECRETARY.—Not later than September 30, 2027, the Secretary shall make publicly available a report that—

“(ii) the number of individuals whose farmland ownership interests were resolved by each eligible entity identified under clause (i); and

“(iii) the number of individual heirs affected by the resolution of those ownership interests;

“(B) describes the operation and outcomes of the projects and activities carried out by eligible entities under this section; and

“(C) includes recommendations on how to strengthen the programs carried out by the Secretary under subsection (a).”; and

(B) by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through “There” and inserting the following:

“(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry out this section $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended.

“(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to other amounts available to the Secretary, there”.

Section 313(a)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1943(a)(1)) is amended by striking “$400,000, or, in the case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $1,750,000 (increased, beginning with fiscal year 2019” and inserting “$750,000, or, in the case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $2,600,000 (increased, beginning with fiscal year 2026”.

Section 311 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1941) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(1), in the second sentence, by striking “without regard to any lapse between farming experiences,”;

(2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking “4–H Clubs, Future Farmers of America” and inserting “4-H clubs, National FFA Organization chapters”; and

(a) In general.—Section 313(c) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1943(c)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2), by striking “$50,000” and inserting “$100,000”; and

(2) in paragraph (4)(A), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(b) Interest rate.—Section 316(a)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1946(a)(2)) is amended—

(2) by striking “not be—” in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and all that follows through the period at the end of subparagraph (B) and inserting “be equal to the interest rate for direct farm operating loans under this subtitle, not to exceed 5 percent per year.”.

Section 322 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1962) is amended—

(1) by striking the section designation and all that follows through “For” in subsection (a) and inserting the following:

Section 329 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1970) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking “at least a 30 per centum loss of normal per acre or per animal production, or such lesser per centum of loss as the Secretary may determine, as a result of the disaster based upon the average monthly price in effect for the previous year” and inserting “a qualifying production loss, as determined by the Secretary, as a result of a disaster,”.

Section 331 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1981) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is authorized to be appropriated $250,000,000 to provide payments to, for the cost of loan modifications for, or to carry out subsection (b)(4) with respect to distressed borrowers of direct or guaranteed loans administered by the Farm Service Agency under subtitle A, B, or C.

“(2) CASH FLOW-BASED ASSISTANCE.—In using funds appropriated under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall provide relief to those borrowers whose agricultural operations are at financial risk as expeditiously as possible, including through indefinite extension of the Cash Flow-Based Assistance and Distressed Borrower Set-Aside Program, as determined by the Secretary.”.

Section 333B(h) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983b(h)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 346(b)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(1)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 343(a)(11) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(11)) is amended—

(2) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) through (G) as subparagraphs (D) through (F), respectively.

Section 346 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1994) is amended—

(i) in clause (i)(II), by inserting “, to the extent practicable” after “April 1 of the fiscal year”;

(iii) in clause (iii), by inserting “, to the extent practicable” after “September 1 of the fiscal year”; and

(B) in subparagraph (B)(iii), by inserting “, to the extent practicable” after “April 1 of the fiscal year”; and

Section 373(b) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008h(b)) is amended—

“(1) PROHIBITION.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary may not make or guarantee a loan under this title to a borrower for a period of 7 years after the borrower has received debt forgiveness.”; and

(2) in paragraph (2)(A)(ii), by striking “chapters” and inserting “chapter”.

(a) In general.—Section 333A(g) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983a(g)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking “$125,000 or less” and inserting “less than a limit determined by the Secretary”;

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; and

“(2) ACCELERATED CONSIDERATION FOR CERTAIN GUARANTEED FARMER PROGRAM LOANS.—

“(A) OPTION FOR ACCELERATED CONSIDERATION.—The Secretary shall provide to certified lenders (within the meaning of section 339(c)) and Preferred Certified Lenders (within the meaning of section 339(d)) the option to submit for accelerated consideration an application to guarantee a farmer program loan the principal amount of which is $1,000,000 or less.

“(B) NOTICE.—Not later than 5 business days after receipt of an application to guarantee a farmer program loan originated by a certified lender (within the meaning of section 339(c)) or a Preferred Certified Lender (within the meaning of section 339(d)) that is submitted for accelerated consideration under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall notify the lender as to whether the application is approved or disapproved.

“(C) FAILURE TO PROVIDE TIMELY NOTICE.—If the Secretary fails to provide the notice required under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall approve the application submitted for accelerated consideration.

“(D) MAXIMUM GUARANTEE.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the percentage of the principal amount of a loan that may be guaranteed pursuant to this paragraph shall not exceed—

“(ii) 50 percent, in the case of a loan of more than $500,000 but less than or equal to $1,000,000.”.

(b) Conforming amendment.—Section 333A(h) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983a(h)) is amended by striking “subsection (g)(2)” and inserting “subsection (g)(3)”.

(B) in subsection (b), by striking “he” and inserting “the Secretary of Agriculture”; and

(C) in subsection (c), by striking “he is authorized, whenever he” and inserting “the Secretary is authorized, whenever the Secretary”.

(2) Section 103 of the Agricultural Act of 1961 (7 U.S.C. 1912) is amended by striking “he” and inserting “the Secretary”.

(b) Technical corrections to the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act.—

(1) Section 307 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1927) is amended—

(A) in subsection (a)(3)(B), by striking “not be—” in the matter preceding clause (i) and all that follows through the period at the end of clause (ii) and inserting “be equal to the interest rate for direct farm ownership loans under this subtitle, not to exceed 5 percent per year.”; and

(B) in subsection (c), in the first sentence, by striking “he” and inserting “the Secretary”.

(2) Section 310D(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1934(a)) is amended, in the first sentence—

(A) by striking “, or paragraphs (1) through (5) of section 304(a),” and inserting “or section 304(a)”; and

(B) by striking “paragraphs (2) through (4) of section 302” and inserting “subparagraphs (B) through (D) of the second sentence of section 302(a)(1)”.

(3) Section 310E(d)(4)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1935(d)(4)(C)) is amended by striking “and; and” and inserting “and”.

(4) Section 312 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1942) is amended—

(5) Section 319 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1949) is amended—

(B) by striking “or with respect to whom there is an outstanding guarantee under this subtitle”.

(6) Section 331(b) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)) is amended—

(i) by striking “his powers and duties” and inserting “the powers and duties of the Secretary”;

(ii) by striking “he determines” each place it appears and inserting “the Secretary determines”; and

(iii) by striking “, and until January” and everything that follows through “see fit)”;

(i) by striking “subsection. After consultation with a local or area county committee, the Secretary” and inserting the following: “subsection; and

(ii) by striking “paragraph. The Secretary” and inserting the following: “paragraph;

(iii) by striking “1949. In” and inserting “1949 (42 U.S.C. 1441 et seq.), subject to the conditions that—

(II) by striking “the Rural Development Administration” and inserting “Rural Development”; and

(v) in subparagraph (C) (as so designated), by striking “1949,” and inserting “1949 (42 U.S.C. 1441 et seq.),”;

(ii) by striking “administered by the Farmers Home Administration,” and inserting “administered under this title,”; and

(iii) by striking “by the Farmers Home Administration and, if in his judgment” and inserting “under this title, and, if the Secretary determines”;

(E) in paragraph (7), by striking “Farmers Home Administration” and all that follows through “thereof” and inserting “Farm Service Agency and Rural Development”; and

(i) by striking “Rural Development Administration or by the Farmers Home Administration” and inserting “Farm Service Agency or Rural Development”; and

(7) Section 331A(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1981a(a)) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking “Farmers Home Administration or by the Rural Development Administration” and inserting “Farm Service Agency or Rural Development”.

(8) Section 333(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983(1)) is amended—

(B) by striking “his actual needs” and inserting “the actual needs of the applicant”.

(9) Section 333A of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983a) is amended—

(i) in clause (iii), by striking “district office of the Farmers Home Administration” and inserting “District Director of the Farm Service Agency”;

(ii) in clause (iv), by striking “district office of the Farmers Home Administration” and inserting “District Director of the Farm Service Agency”;

(iii) in clause (v), by striking “district office” and inserting “District Director”; and

(II) by striking “Farmers Home Administration” and inserting “Farm Service Agency”; and

(III) by striking “by the county committee” and inserting “of the application”; and

(B) in subsection (e)(1), by striking “Farmers Home Administration” each place it appears and inserting “Farm Service Agency”.

(10) Section 333D(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983d(a)) is amended by striking “that are consistent with subtitle A through this subtitle”.

(11) Section 335 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1985) is amended—

(A) in subsection (a), by striking “Farmers Home Administration or the Rural Development Administration” and inserting “Farm Service Agency or Rural Development”;

(II) by inserting “suitable for farming or ranching, as determined by the Secretary,” after “acquiring real property”; and

(iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking “not later than 135 days” and all that follows through “135-day period, sell” and inserting “, or if the property is not suitable for farming or ranching, as determined by the Secretary, not later than 60 days after the 180-day period described in subparagraph (B)(i), the Secretary shall sell”;

(C) in subsection (d), in the second sentence, by striking “Farmers Home Administration” and inserting “Farm Service Agency”; and

(I) by striking “Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service” and inserting “Farm Service Agency farm program”;

(II) by striking “Farmers Home Administration liens” and inserting “liens for a farmer program loan”; and

(III) by striking “Farmers Home Administration farmer” and inserting “Farm Service Agency farmer”;

(iii) by redesignating paragraphs (6) and (7) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; and

(iv) in paragraph (4) (as so redesignated), by striking “that—” in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and all that follows through the period at the end of subparagraph (B) and inserting “that ensure the release of funds to each borrower, consistent with this section.”.

(12) Section 336 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1986) is amended—

(i) by striking “of the Secretary” and inserting “of the Department of Agriculture”; and

(ii) by striking “he” and inserting “the officer, attorney, or employee”;

(13) Section 338(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1988(a)) is amended by striking “Farmers Home Administration or the Rural Development Administration” and inserting “Farm Service Agency or Rural Development”.

(14) Section 339 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1989) is amended—

(B) in subsection (c)(4)(A), by striking “county committee certification that the borrower of the loan meets the eligibility requirements and” and inserting “the borrower meeting”; and

(C) in subsection (d)(4)(A), by striking “county committee certification that the borrower meets the eligibility requirements or” and inserting “the borrower meeting”.

(15) Section 340 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1990) is amended by striking “in his discretion” and inserting “the President determines to be appropriate”.

(16) Section 343(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (6), by striking “Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands” and inserting “Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau”; and

(i) by striking “section 304,” and inserting “section 304 prior to June 18, 2008, conservation loan (CL) under section 304 on or after June 18, 2008,”;

(ii) by striking “section 1254 of the Food Security Act of 1985” and inserting “section 608 of the Agricultural Programs Adjustment Act of 1984 (7 U.S.C. 1981 note; Public Law 98–258)”; and

(17) Section 347 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1995) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking “Farmers Home Administration” and inserting “Farm Service Agency or Rural Development”.

(18) Section 349(e)(1)(B) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1997(e)(1)(B)) is amended by striking “Farmers Home Administration” and inserting “Farm Service Agency”.

(19) Section 352(c)(3) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2000(c)(3)) is amended, in the second sentence, by striking “section 333B” and inserting “subtitle H of title II of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6991 et seq.)”.

(20) Section 353 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2001) is amended—

(B) in subsection (i)(1), by striking “registered or certified mail” and inserting “any method that provides documentation of delivery”;

(i) in the first sentence, by striking “filed with the appeals division under section 333B” and inserting “to the National Appeals Division”; and

(21) Section 356 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2004) is amended, in the first sentence—

(A) by striking “The Farmers Home Administration” and inserting “The Farm Service Agency and Rural Development”; and

(B) by striking “the inventory of the Farmers Home Administration” and inserting “inventory”.

(22) Section 359(c)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2006a(c)(1)) is amended by striking “(as determined by the appropriate county committee during the determination of eligibility for the loan)”.

(23) Section 360(d)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2006b(d)(1)) is amended by striking “annual review of direct loans, and periodic review (as determined necessary by the Secretary) of guaranteed loans,” and inserting “periodic review (as determined necessary by the Secretary) of direct loans and guaranteed loans”.

(24) Section 361 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2006c) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “Farmers Home Administration” and inserting “Farm Service Agency”.

(a) Qualifying States and Tribes.—Section 501 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5101) is amended—

(2) in subsection (a), by inserting “or Tribe” after “State” each place it appears;

“(b) Determination by Secretary.—Not later than 30 days after the Secretary receives from the Governor, or comparable executive official or officials, of a State or Tribe a description of the mediation program of the State or Tribe and a statement certifying that the State or Tribe has met all the requirements of subsection (c), the Secretary shall determine whether the State or Tribe is a qualifying State or Tribe.”;

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “State” and inserting “Qualifying”;

(ii) in subparagraph (B)(x), by inserting “or comparable agency” after “agriculture”;

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting “or Tribe” after “State” each place it appears; and

“(ii) the Governor, or comparable executive official or officials, of the State or Tribe;”; and

(b) Matching grants.—Section 502 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5102) is amended—

(2) in subsection (b)(2), by striking “$500,000” and inserting “$700,000”; and

(c) Duties of the Secretary.—Section 503(a)(1)(A) of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5103(a)(1)(A)) is amended by inserting “or Tribal” after “State”.

(d) Regulations.—Section 504 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5104) is amended, in the second sentence—

(e) Definitions.—Subtitle A of title V of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5101 et seq.) is amended—

“(3) TRIBE.—The term ‘Tribe’ has the meaning given the term ‘Indian Tribe’ in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).”.

(f) Authorization of appropriations.—Section 507 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (as redesignated by subsection (e)(1)) is amended by inserting “and $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029” after “2023”.

(1) Title V of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5101 et seq.) is amended—

(A) in the title heading, by striking “State” and inserting “Qualifying”; and

(B) in subtitle A, in the subtitle heading, by striking “State” and inserting “Qualifying”.

(2) Section 4.14E of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2202E) is amended by inserting “or Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304))” before the period at the end.

(3) Section 358 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2006) is amended by inserting “or Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304))” before the period at the end.

Title IV of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2153 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘essential community facility’ means a public improvement that—

“(II) towns, cities, counties, or other political subdivisions of States, Indian Tribes, or Tribal organizations; or

“(III) nonprofit organizations, including Native Hawaiian Organizations (as defined in section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517)); and

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘essential community facility’ includes a community center, a library, a firehouse, a healthcare facility, a senior living facility, a childcare facility, an education facility, and a transportation facility.

“(ii) PROPORTIONATE USE.—The term ‘essential community facility’ may include, at the determination of the Farm Credit Administration, a multi-use facility that provides services, including healthcare services, senior living services, childcare services, education services, or transportation services, in the proportion that—

“(2) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘Indian Tribe’ has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).

“(3) RURAL COMMUNITY.—The term ‘rural community’ means any area other than an area described in clause (i) or (ii) of section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A)).

“(4) TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘Tribal organization’ has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).

“(b) Financing and technical assistance.—In order to make available private capital to develop, build, maintain, improve, or provide related equipment or other support for essential community facilities in rural communities, Farm Credit System institutions chartered and operating under title I, II, or III may provide financing and technical assistance for essential community facilities.

“(1) AMOUNT OF FINANCING.—A Farm Credit System institution shall not provide financing under this section in an aggregate amount that exceeds 15 percent of the total of all outstanding loans of the Farm Credit System institution.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—A Farm Credit System institution shall not provide financing under this section unless the Farm Credit System institution has—

“(i) offered, under reasonable terms and conditions acceptable to the owner of the essential community facility involved, an interest in the financing to at least 1 nongovernmental lending institution that is not chartered and operating under this Act; and

“(ii) reported that offer, including the terms and conditions of the offer, to the Farm Credit Administration.

“(B) RURAL COMMUNITY BANK PARITY.—In offering an interest in the applicable financing to a nongovernmental lending institution under subparagraph (A)(i), the Farm Credit System institution shall give priority to community banks located in the service area of the essential community facility being financed.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the Farm Credit Administration shall submit to Congress a report on the activities undertaken pursuant to this section by Farm Credit System institutions during the period covered by the report, including activities undertaken through partnerships between Farm Credit System institutions and other nongovernmental lending institutions.

“(2) PUBLICATION.—The Farm Credit Administration shall publish on the website of the Administration a copy of each report submitted to Congress under paragraph (1).”.

Section 8.0(7) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2279aa(7)) is amended—

(A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “pursuant to the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1921 et seq.)”; and

(A) by striking “for an electric or telephone facility by a cooperative lender to a borrower that has received, or is eligible to receive, a loan under” and inserting “made or guaranteed for a purpose provided in”; and

(B) by striking the period at the end and inserting “or title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101 et seq.); or”; and

Section 3.7(f) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2128(f)) is amended, in the undesignated matter following paragraph (2), by inserting “or, in the case of such loans, commitments, and assistance that are guaranteed, means an area described in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A))” before the period at the end.

Section 6101 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4725) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by striking “Combating substance use disorder in rural America” and inserting “Improving the rural care economy”; and

(2) in subsection (a), by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through period at the end of paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

“(A) PRIORITIZATIONS.—The Secretary shall make the following prioritizations for fiscal years 2025 through 2031:

“(i) DISTANCE LEARNING AND TELEMEDICINE.—In addition to the priorities under section 2333(d) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 950aaa–2(d)), in selecting recipients of financial assistance under chapter 1 of subtitle D of title XXIII of that Act (7 U.S.C. 950aaa et seq.), the Secretary shall give priority to telemedicine projects that—

“(I) provide substance use disorder prevention services, treatment services, recovery services, or any combination of those services; or

“(I) IN GENERAL.—In selecting recipients of direct loans or grants for the development of essential community facilities under section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)), the Secretary shall give priority to entities eligible for those direct loans or grants to develop—

“(bb) mental or behavioral health facilities, including certified community behavioral health clinics described in section 223 of the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (42 U.S.C. 1396a note; Public Law 113–93).

“(bb) increasing telehealth capabilities, including underlying healthcare information systems;

“(cc) supporting staffing needs of the facility described in that subclause, subject to the condition that the eligible entity shall not use more than 25 percent of the direct loan or grant funds for the purpose described in this item; and

“(dd) engaging in any other efforts to support rural development determined to be critical to address the healthcare or mental or behavioral health needs of rural areas, as determined by the Secretary.

“(B) LIMITATION ON OTHER REPRIORITIZATIONS.—For fiscal years 2025 through 2031, the Secretary shall not make any national reprioritizations within the Community Facilities direct loan and grant programs or the Distance Learning and Telemedicine programs under section 608 of the Rural Development Act of 1972 (7 U.S.C. 2204b–2).”.

(a) In general.—Section 6101(a) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4725) (as amended by section 6101(2)) is amended by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:

“(i) IN GENERAL.—In this paragraph, the term ‘childcare program’ means a program that—

“(aa) are in elementary school or secondary school (as those terms are defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801)); or

“(aa) an eligible childcare provider described in section 658P(6)(A) of the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9858n(6)(A)); or

“(AA) is licensed, regulated, or registered in the State, territory, or Indian Tribe in which the provider is located; and

“(BB) meets applicable State, Tribal, territorial, and local health and safety requirements.

“(ii) INCLUSIONS.—In this paragraph, the term ‘childcare program’ includes—

“(II) a program described in clause (i) that accommodates nontraditional working hours;

“(III) a program described in clause (i) that is an Early Head Start or Head Start program, including a migrant and seasonal Head Start program, carried out under the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.);

“(B) PRIORITIZATIONS.—The Secretary shall make the following prioritizations for fiscal years 2025 through 2031:

“(I) IN GENERAL.—In addition to the priorities described in paragraph (1)(A)(ii), in selecting recipients of direct loans or grants for the development of essential community facilities under section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)), the Secretary shall give priority to entities eligible for those direct loans or grants to develop facilities used for a childcare program, subject to the condition that the childcare program that uses those facilities shall employ staff that have appropriate expertise and training in childcare.

“(II) USE OF FUNDS.—In addition to the eligible uses of direct loans or grants for the development of essential community facilities under section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)), an entity described in subclause (I) that receives a direct loan or grant for the purpose described in that subclause may use the direct loan or grant funds to support the staffing needs of the facility described in that subclause, subject to the condition that the eligible entity shall not use more than 25 percent of the direct loan or grant funds for staffing purposes.

“(ii) RURAL BUSINESS PROGRAMS.—In selecting recipients of financial assistance under the rural business development grant program under section 310B(c) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(c)), the rural cooperative development grant program under section 310B(e) of that Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(e)), the rural microentrepreneur assistance program under section 379E of that Act (7 U.S.C. 2008s), and the rural innovation stronger economy (RISE) grant program under section 379I of that Act (7 U.S.C. 2008w), the Secretary may give priority to entities eligible for financial assistance under those sections—

“(I) to provide technical or financial assistance for the acquisition, construction, renovation, or improvement of facilities used for a childcare program;

“(II) to provide technical, financial, or managerial assistance to childcare programs;

“(III) to assist in securing private sources of capital financing for childcare programs or other low-income community development; or

“(IV) to address the needs of licensed childcare programs located in the home of the childcare program provider.

“(C) EVALUATION.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall conduct a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the projects carried out under this paragraph to improve access to childcare programs in rural areas, including a description of—

“(v) the economic and social impacts of investments in rural childcare programs.”.

(b) Interagency coordination on rural childcare.—Beginning not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall—

(1) regularly coordinate to provide user-friendly resources to stakeholders in rural communities with information to improve access to childcare facilities in those communities, including information relating to—

(A) programs and funding opportunities at the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Human Services that can be used to improve childcare access in rural communities;

(B) eligibility requirements for the programs described in subparagraph (A); and

(2) not less frequently than once every 2 years, publish or update a joint resource guide that contains the information described in paragraph (1).

Section 6101 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4725) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(c) Access to credit for care industries.—Of the amount made available for business and industry guaranteed loans under section 310B(g) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(g)) for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2031, the Secretary shall make available not less than 10 percent for supporting childcare programs (as defined in subsection (a)(2)(A)) and healthcare.”.

(1) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term “Indian Tribe” means an Indian Tribe or Tribal organization (as those terms are defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)), including a wholly or majority owned Tribal entity or corporation that provides services or programs consistent with the purposes of the applicable program under this subtitle.

(2) RURAL; RURAL AREA.—The terms “rural” and “rural area” have the meaning given those terms in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A)).

(a) In general.—The Secretary shall establish a program to make multiyear grant awards to coordinate Federal, nonprofit, and for-profit investment in rural areas.

(1) TERM.—The term of a grant awarded under subsection (a) shall be not less than 2 years and not more than 5 years.

(2) AWARDS.—Except as provided in paragraphs (3) and (4), the State offices of the rural development mission area shall be responsible for reviewing applications for grant awards under subsection (a) and selecting eligible applicants described in subsection (d) for those grant awards.

(3) TRIBAL AWARDS.—Except as provided in paragraph (4), in the case of grants under subsection (a) allocated to Indian Tribes under subsection (c)(1)(B), the national office of the rural development mission area shall be responsible for reviewing applications for grant awards under subsection (a) and selecting eligible applicants described in subsection (d) for those grant awards.

(4) COMPETITIVE PROCESS.—If the amount made available to carry out this section for a fiscal year under section 6205 is less than $50,000,000, the national office of the rural development mission area shall be responsible for reviewing applications for grant awards under subsection (a) and selecting eligible applicants described in subsection (d) for those grant awards—

(B) by giving priority to areas that have higher nonmetropolitan poverty levels and lower population levels, while ensuring that grants under this section are awarded in diverse geographic regions of the United States.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection (b)(4), the Secretary shall allocate funding for grants under subsection (a)—

(A) for each State based on a formula determined by the Secretary in accordance with paragraph (2); and

(B) for Indian Tribes in such amounts as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, subject to the condition that the total amount allocated to Indian Tribes under this subparagraph shall not be less than 5 percent of the amount made available to carry out this section for a fiscal year under section 6205, with Indian Tribes located in areas that have higher poverty levels and lower populations receiving higher levels of funding.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall develop a graduated scale to allocate funding for States under paragraph (1)(A) based on the nonmetropolitan poverty and population levels in each State.

(B) LIMITATION.—The amount allocated to any State under subparagraph (A) shall not exceed 5 percent of the amount made available to carry out this section for a fiscal year under section 6205.

(3) SMALL STATE EXCEPTION TO FORMULA.—Notwithstanding paragraphs (1)(A) and (2)(A), the Secretary shall ensure that each State is allocated an amount for grants under this subsection that is sufficient to fulfill the purposes of the program established under this section, as determined by the Secretary.

(4) REALLOCATION.—If a State or Indian Tribe does not use funds allocated to the State or Indian Tribe under this subsection, the Secretary may reallocate the unused funds to 1 or more other States or Indian Tribes, each of which has used all of the funding allocated to the State or Indian Tribe under this subsection.

(d) Eligible applicants.—To be eligible to receive a grant under subsection (a), an applicant shall—

(A) an instrumentality or political subdivision of a State, such as a municipality, county, district, or authority;

(B) a nonprofit corporation or association with significant ties to the rural area described in paragraph (1), including through—

(iii) a substantial public funding contribution to the rural area through taxes, revenue bonds, other local government sources, or substantial voluntary community funding;

(D) a for-profit entity with a significant presence in the rural area described in paragraph (1);

(i) with a significant contribution to or presence in the rural area described in paragraph (1); and

(ii) with demonstrated support from the Tribal council or duly elected Tribal executive of the appropriate Tribal government; and

(3) demonstrate cooperation among the members of the partnership described in paragraph (2) necessary to complete comprehensive, asset-based rural development through eligible activities described in subsection (e).

(e) Eligible activities.—An eligible applicant described in subsection (d) that receives a grant under subsection (a) may use the grant funds in rural areas—

(1) to coordinate Federal, State, regional, or Tribal initiatives to reduce duplicative efforts with respect to Federal investments;

(5) to support eligible operational activities, including staffing, of the eligible applicants, except that a for-profit entity may not use the grant funds for the purpose described in this paragraph;

(6) to provide capital to existing or new projects, subject to the condition that not more than 50 percent of the grant funds may be used for that purpose;

(8) to address economic recovery from emergencies and natural or man-made disasters; and

(9) to develop strategic community investment plans described in section 379H(d) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008v(d)).

(f) Ineligible activities.—An eligible applicant described in subsection (d) that receives a grant under subsection (a) may not use the grant funds—

(1) to fund operational activities, including staffing, at a for-profit institution;

(g) Selection criteria.—In awarding grants under subsection (b), the Secretary shall give priority to an eligible applicant described in subsection (d) that proposes to serve—

(1) a rural area with a significant change in population, as determined by the Secretary;

(2) a rural area with significant workforce changes or changes in major employers, as determined by the Secretary;

(4) a rural area that has historically received minimal Federal funding, as determined by the Secretary; or

(5) a rural area for the purpose of job retention and economic stabilization, as determined by the Secretary.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), an eligible applicant described in subsection (d) that receives a grant under subsection (a) shall provide non-Federal matching funds in the form of cash or an in-kind contribution in an amount that is not less than 25 percent of the amount of the grant.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may waive the requirement under paragraph (1) based on the demonstrated need of the eligible applicant or the population served by the eligible applicant, as determined by the Secretary, including—

(i) an eligible applicant serving an area with a higher nonmetropolitan poverty level;

(iii) an eligible applicant composed of a partnership that includes an entity described in subsection (d)(2)(A).

(B) JUSTIFICATION.—The Secretary shall provide to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a justification for each waiver provided under subparagraph (A).

(3) PROVIDERS.—Non-Federal matching funds under paragraph (1) may be provided by any member of the applicable partnership described in subsection (d)(2).

(i) Coordination.—The Secretary shall carry out this section in coordination with the Rural Partners Network established by section 6306 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2204b–3).

(j) Administration.—The Secretary may retain not more than 2 percent of the amounts made available to carry out this section for administration of the program established under this section.

(a) In general.—The Secretary shall establish a program to award grants, on a competitive basis, for up to a 5-year period, to be administered at the national level through the Under Secretary for Rural Development, for the purpose of advising on and assisting rural community organizations with—

(1) Federal grant management and the development of financial management systems;

(b) Eligible applicants.—To be eligible to receive a grant under subsection (a), an applicant shall be a qualified private or nonprofit intermediary organization, including an institution of higher education with an existing community development and planning program, including an extension program, that has demonstrated experience and capacity to provide technical assistance on community development and planning in rural areas.

(c) Eligible activities.—An eligible applicant described in subsection (b) that receives a grant under subsection (a) may use the grant funds to support the capacity building and economic development of identified rural areas and local partners in those rural areas through one or more of the following activities:

(1) Training and supporting local staff, including relating to systems development and support.

(2) Identifying vetted technical consultants for planning and designing physical infrastructure.

(d) Ineligible activities.—An eligible applicant described in subsection (b) that receives a grant under subsection (a) may not use the grant funds—

(e) Priority.—In awarding grants under subsection (a), the Secretary may give priority to an eligible applicant described in subsection (b) that serves—

(1) a nonmetropolitan area with a high poverty level, as determined by the Secretary; or

(2) an Indian Tribe with demonstrated support from the Tribal council or duly elected Tribal executive of the appropriate Tribal government.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), an eligible applicant described in subsection (b) that receives a grant under subsection (a) shall provide non-Federal matching funds in an amount that is not less than 30 percent of the amount of the grant.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may waive the requirement under paragraph (1) based on the demonstrated need of the area in which activities using the grant are to be carried out, as determined by the Secretary.

(g) Administration.—The Secretary may retain not more than 2 percent of the amounts made available to carry out this section for administration of the program established under this section.

Section 6306 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2204b–3) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by striking “Council on rural community innovation and economic development” and inserting “Rural Partners Network”;

(2) in subsection (a)(1), by striking “council” and inserting “network”;

“(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established a Rural Partners Network (referred to in this section as the ‘Network’).

“(2) SUCCESSOR.—The Network shall be the successor to the Council on Rural Community Innovation and Economic Development established by this section (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024).”;

(i) by striking subparagraphs (C), (D), (N), (Q), (R), (S), (T), (V), (X), (Y), and (Z);

(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) through (M), (O), (P), (U), (W), and (AA) as subparagraphs (C) through (K), (L), (M), (N), (O), and (X), respectively; and

(B) in paragraphs (2) through (4), by striking “Council” each place it appears and inserting “Network”;

(6) by redesignating subsections (e) through (h) as subsections (d) through (g), respectively;

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “Council” and inserting “Network”;

(B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “Council” and inserting “Network”;

(D) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(4) to improve the efficiency of Federal assistance to rural communities by—

“(A) reducing administrative burdens on rural communities to pursue Federal funding;

“(B) improving the administrative efficiency of Federal economic development programs serving rural communities; and

“(C) streamlining and simplifying the application process for Federal funding opportunities for rural communities.”;

(8) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “Council” and inserting “Network”;

(9) in subsection (f) (as so redesignated), by striking “Council” each place it appears and inserting “Network”; and

(10) by striking subsection (g) (as so redesignated) and inserting the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting as Chair of the Network, may carry out innovative strategies for coordinating with other Federal departments and agencies with respect to programs that serve rural areas.

“(2) PRIORITIES.—In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall prioritize—

“(A) improving ease of access to Federal programs for resource-constrained rural communities;

“(B) utilizing early technical assistance to reduce duplicative applications and administrative costs at the Federal level;

“(C) leveraging partnerships with local, State, philanthropic, and private entities to maximize returns on Federal investments;

“(D) integrating stakeholder and program user experience into program design; and

“(E) targeting areas experiencing economic distress, as determined by the Secretary.”.

(a) Mandatory funding.—There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter to carry out—

(2) section 6306 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2204b–3).

(b) Authorization of appropriations.—In addition to the funds made available under subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as necessary for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to carry out—

(2) section 6306 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2204b–3).

(2) not more than 5 percent may be used to carry out section 6306 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2204b–3).

(a) In general.—Section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb) is amended—

(1) by striking the section designation and heading and all that follows through the period at the end of subsection (f) and inserting the following:

“(a) Purpose.—The purpose of this section is to provide assistance in the form of grants, loans, and combinations of grants and loans for the costs of the construction, improvement, and acquisition of facilities and equipment for broadband service in rural areas.

“(1) BROADBAND SERVICE.—The term ‘broadband service’ means any technology identified by the Secretary as having the capacity to transmit data to enable a subscriber to the service to originate and receive high-quality voice, data, graphics, and video.

“(i) an area described in clause (i) or (ii) of section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A)); and

“(ii) a city, town, or incorporated area that has a population of greater than 20,000 inhabitants.

“(B) URBAN AREA GROWTH.—The Secretary may, by regulation only, consider an area described in section 343(a)(13)(F)(i)(I) of that Act to not be a rural area for purposes of this section.

“(C) EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN POPULATIONS.—The term ‘rural area’ does not include any population described in subparagraph (H) or (I) of section 343(a)(13) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)).

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall make grants, loans, and combinations of grants and loans to eligible entities described in subsection (d) to provide funds for the construction, improvement, or acquisition of facilities and equipment for the provision of broadband service in rural areas.

“(2) PROJECT ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible for a grant, loan, or grant and loan combination under paragraph (1), in addition to the requirements of subsection (d), the project that is the subject of the grant, loan, or grant and loan combination shall—

“(B) subject to paragraph (4), be carried out in a proposed service territory in which at least 75 percent of the households lack access to broadband service of at least—

“(3) PRIORITY.—In making grants, loans, and grant and loan combinations under paragraph (1), the Secretary—

“(A) shall give priority to applications for projects to provide broadband service in a proposed service territory in which at least 90 percent of households lack access to broadband service of at least—

“(B) may give priority to applications for projects to provide broadband service—

“(II) that are experiencing outmigration and have adopted a strategic community investment plan under section 379H(d) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008v(d)) that includes considerations for improving and expanding broadband service;

“(III) with a high percentage of low income families or persons (as defined in section 501(b) of the Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1471(b));

“(ii) that would ensure that all laborers and mechanics employed by contractors or subcontractors on the construction work performed on projects financed, in whole or in part, with the grant, loan, or grant and loan combination shall be paid wages at rates not less than those prevailing on similar construction in the immediate locality as determined by the Secretary of Labor in accordance with sections 3141 through 3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40, United States Code;

“(iii) that would provide rapid and expanded deployment of fixed and mobile broadband service on cropland and ranchland within the service territory for use in various applications of precision agriculture; or

“(iv) submitted by an eligible entity that has provided broadband service or other utility service for not less than 5 years in rural areas in the State in which the project would be carried out.

“(4) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANT-ONLY AWARDS.—To be eligible for assistance under paragraph (1) in the form of a grant only, in addition to the requirements of subsection (d)—

“(i) a federally recognized Indian Tribe or Tribal organization, including any wholly or majority owned Tribal entity or corporation that provides services or programs consistent with the purposes of the program under this section; or

“(B) the project that is the subject of the grant shall be carried out in a proposed service territory in which at least 90 percent of households lack access to broadband service of at least—

“(5) APPLICATION COSTS.—An entity to which a grant or grant and loan combination is made under this subsection may use such funding to pay for up to 5 percent of the costs associated with applying for the program under this section.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible to obtain a grant, loan, or grant and loan combination under subsection (c), an entity shall—

“(i) submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require;

“(ii) agree to complete buildout of the broadband infrastructure described in the application by not later than 5 years after the initial date on which assistance under subsection (c) is made available; and

“(I) the Affordable Connectivity Program established under section 904(b) of division N of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (47 U.S.C. 1752(b));

“(II) the Lifeline program under subpart E of part 54 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation); or

“(B) INCLUSIONS.—An entity eligible to obtain a grant, loan, or grant and loan combination under subsection (c) may include—

“(i) a State or local government, including any agency, subdivision, instrumentality, or political subdivision of a State or local government;

“(iii) a federally recognized Indian Tribe or Tribal organization, including any wholly or majority owned Tribal entity or corporation that provides services or programs consistent with the purposes of the program under this section;

“(v) an organization of 2 or more incorporated areas that have established an intermunicipal legal agreement for the purpose of delivering communication services to residents;

“(C) INELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—An individual or legal general partnership that is formed with individuals shall not be eligible to obtain a grant, loan, or grant and loan combination under subsection (c).

“(i) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity described in this paragraph that provides telecommunications or broadband service to at least 20 percent of the households in the United States may not receive an amount of funds under this section for a fiscal year in excess of 15 percent of the funds authorized and appropriated under subsection (i) for the fiscal year.

“(ii) STATES AND STATE AGENCIES AND INSTRUMENTALITIES.—A State or an agency or instrumentality of a State may not, in total, receive an amount of funds under this section for a fiscal year in excess of 15 percent of the funds authorized and appropriated under subsection (i) for the fiscal year.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—An entity to which a grant or grant and loan combination is made under subsection (c) shall not use the grant or grant and loan combination to deploy broadband service in a service area in which broadband service is deployed by any other entity that has received, prior to the date on which the application window is opened by the Rural Utilities Service with respect to that grant or grant and loan combination, a broadband grant or loan from the Rural Utilities Service, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, the Department of the Treasury, the Federal Communications Commission, or a State broadband grant program, unless the service provided by the other entity does not provide to at least 75 percent of the households in the service area access to broadband service of at least—

“(ii) CONSIDERATION.—In carrying out clause (i), the Secretary shall, at a minimum, consider the maps created by the Federal Communications Commission pursuant to section 802(c)(1) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 642(c)(1)).

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may require an entity to provide a cost share in an amount not to exceed 25 percent of the amount of the grant (including the grant in a grant and loan combination) under subsection (c) requested in the application of the entity.

“(B) WAIVER.—The Secretary may waive the cost share requirement under subparagraph (A) for entities or projects described in subsection (c)(4).

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may provide to eligible entities described in paragraph (1) that are applying for assistance under this section for a project described in subsection (c)(3)(A) technical assistance and training—

“(i) to prepare reports and surveys necessary to request grants, loans, and grant and loan combinations under this section for broadband deployment;

“(ii) to improve management, including financial management, relating to the proposed broadband deployment;

“(iii) to prepare applications for grants, loans, and grant and loan combinations under this section; or

“(B) FUNDING.—Not less than 3 percent and not more than 5 percent of amounts appropriated under subsection (i) to carry out this section for a fiscal year shall be used for technical assistance and training under this paragraph.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), for purposes of this section, the minimum acceptable level of broadband service for a rural area shall be at least—

“(2) ADJUSTMENTS.—At least once every 2 years, the Secretary shall review, and may adjust through notice published in the Federal Register, the minimum acceptable level of broadband service established under paragraph (1) and broadband buildout requirements under paragraph (3) to ensure that high quality, cost-effective broadband service is provided to rural areas over time.

“(A) DEFINITION OF BROADBAND BUILDOUT REQUIREMENT.—In this paragraph, the term ‘broadband buildout requirement’ means the level of internet service an applicant receiving assistance under this section must agree, at the time the application is finalized, to provide for the duration of any project-related agreement between the applicant and the Department.

“(B) ESTABLISHMENT OF BROADBAND BUILDOUT REQUIREMENTS.—The Secretary shall establish broadband buildout requirements that—

“(i) utilize the same metrics used to define the minimum acceptable level of broadband service under paragraph (1); and

“(II) the financed network is technically capable of providing broadband service for the lifetime of any project-related agreement.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—If an applicant shows that it would be cost prohibitive to meet the broadband buildout requirements established under this paragraph for the entirety of a proposed service territory due to the unique characteristics of the proposed service territory, the Secretary and the applicant may agree to utilize substitute standards for any unserved portion of the project.

“(ii) REQUIREMENT.—Any substitute service standards described in clause (i) should continue to consider the best technology available to meet the needs of the residents in the unserved area.”;

(2) by redesignating subsections (g), (h), and (i) as subsections (f), (g), and (h), respectively;

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “Loans and Loan Guarantees.—” and inserting “Loans.—”; and

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “or loan guarantee”; and

(II) by striking “Secretary—” in the matter preceding clause (i) and all that follows through “in the case” in the matter preceding subclause (I) of clause (i) and inserting “Secretary in the case”; and

(III) by redesignating subclauses (I) and (II) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(4) in subsection (g) (as so redesignated), by striking “or loan guarantee” each place it appears;

(5) in subsection (h) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (1), by striking “1974)” and inserting “1974 (2 U.S.C. 661a))”; and

“(1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out subsections (a) through (h) $650,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.

“(2) MANDATORY FUNDING.—There is appropriated to the Secretary, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter to carry out subsections (a) through (h), to remain available until expended.

“(A) RESCISSION.—There is rescinded the unobligated balance of amounts made available to carry out section 779 of division A of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (Public Law 115–141; 132 Stat. 399).

“(B) DIRECT FUNDING.—On the day after the execution of the rescission in subparagraph (A), there is appropriated to the Secretary, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, an amount equal to the amount rescinded in subparagraph (A), to carry out subsections (a) through (h), to remain available until expended.

“(4) ADMINISTRATION.—Not more than 5 percent of the amounts made available under paragraphs (1) through (3) shall be available to the Secretary for the administration of subsections (a) through (h).

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may provide direct and guaranteed loans in accordance with the requirements under this section, as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024.

“(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this subsection $350,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.”.

(b) Sunset.—Beginning on the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, section 779 of division A of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (Public Law 115–141; 132 Stat. 399), shall have no force or effect.

(c) Conforming amendment.—Section 701(b)(2) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950cc(b)(2)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “section 601(c)(2)(A)(i)” and inserting “section 601(c)(3)(A)”.

(d) Improving Federal broadband program coordination.—Section 6212 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 950bb–6) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) as subsections (b), (c), (e), and (a), respectively, and moving the subsections so as to appear in alphabetical order;

(2) in subsection (a) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (3), by striking “section 601(b)(3) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936” and inserting “section 601(b) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb(b))”;

“(B) ACCESS TO BROADBAND TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES IN RURAL AREAS.—On awarding a grant or loan under section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb), the Secretary shall notify the Commission of that award.”; and

“(d) Memorandum of understanding relating to outreach.—The Secretary shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with the Assistant Secretary and the Commission to facilitate outreach to residents and businesses in rural areas, including—

“(2) to inform residents and businesses in rural areas of available Federal programs that promote broadband access, broadband affordability, and broadband inclusion; and

“(3) for such additional goals as the Secretary, the Assistant Secretary, and the Commission determine to be appropriate.”.

Section 602(g) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb–1(g)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 603(e) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb–2(e)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 604 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb–3) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “less than the” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: “less than—

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “an area” and inserting “a rural area”;

(ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking “10-Mbps” and inserting “25-Mbps”; and

(2) in subsection (d)(2)(A), by striking “area; or” and inserting “area (including any eligible broadband service that will be provided in the future in the eligible service area pursuant to enforceable commitments for network deployment applicable under another broadband funding program); or”; and

Section 313A(f) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 940c–1(f)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 313B(e)(1) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 940c–2(e)(1)) is amended by striking “$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “$15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”.

Section 315(d) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 940e(d)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) In general.—Section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)) is amended—

(A) by striking “Indian tribes on” and inserting “Indian Tribes on”; and

(B) by striking “tribes, and” and inserting “Tribes and Tribal organizations, including wholly or majority owned Tribal entities or corporations that provide services or programs consistent with the purposes of the applicable program under this section, and”; and

(ii) by striking “area.” and inserting “area, except that in the case of demonstrated need, as determined by the Secretary, the amount of a grant made under the authority of this subparagraph for necessary expenses of developing a complete application to carry out an eligible project under this subparagraph may exceed 75 percent, but shall not exceed 100 percent, of those expenses to be incurred.”; and

(i) in clause (iii), by striking “$200,000” each place it appears and inserting “$500,000”; and

(ii) in clause (vii), by striking “$15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “$30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”.

(b) Conforming amendments.—Section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (13), in the first sentence, by striking “(including an Indian tribe” and all that follows through “tribal group)” and inserting “(including Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations described in paragraph (1))”;

(2) in paragraph (19)(A), by striking “Indian Tribes” and all that follows through “federally recognized Indian tribes” and inserting “and Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations described in paragraph (1)”;

(3) paragraph (20)(B), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “Indian tribes” and all that follows through “450b))” and inserting “Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations described in paragraph (1)”;

(A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “Indian tribes” and all that follows through “450b))” and inserting “Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations described in paragraph (1)”; and

(5) paragraph (26)(A), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “Indian tribes on Federal and State reservations” and inserting “Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations described in paragraph (1)”.

Section 306(a)(2)(C)(ii) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2)(C)(ii)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(III) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION.—In the case of demonstrated need, as determined by the Secretary, the non-Federal share of the cost of a project funded under this subparagraph may be provided in the form of in-kind contributions.”.

Section 306(a)(14) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(14)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(D) MULTIYEAR GRANTS.—The Secretary may award grants under subparagraph (A) for a period of more than 1 year, but not more than 5 years, to private nonprofit organizations described in subparagraph (B), as determined by the Secretary.”.

Section 306(a)(22)(B) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(22)(B)) is amended by striking “$25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “$30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”.

Section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)) is amended by inserting after paragraph (22) the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a cybersecurity circuit rider program, which shall be structured similar to the general authorities under paragraph (22), to provide technical assistance to associations described in paragraph (1) that operate rural water or wastewater systems—

“(i) to provide rapid assessments of the current ability or inability of those associations—

“(II) to protect the cyberinfrastructure of those associations and public health;

“(iii) to provide assistance to address inadequate cyber protection plans; and

“(iv) to document the state of cyber protection with respect to the water supplies of those associations.

“(B) REPORT REQUIREMENT.—A circuit rider that receives funding under this paragraph shall submit to the Secretary an annual report documenting—

“(C) REQUIREMENTS FOR CIRCUIT RIDERS.—To provide technical assistance under subparagraph (A), a circuit rider shall possess the necessary experience and certification to effectively carry out the activities described in that subparagraph, as determined by the Secretary.

“(D) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this paragraph $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”.

Section 306(a)(25)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(25)(C)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 306(a)(26) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(26)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(D) NATIONAL OR MULTI-STATE AWARDS.—Of the amounts available to carry out this paragraph for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall use not less than 2 percent to award grants under this paragraph to 1 or more of the entities described in subparagraph (A) for the purpose of providing on-site technical assistance and training on a national or multi-State regional basis.”.

Section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish an emergency preparedness and response technical assistance program to provide grants to eligible entities to assist associations described in paragraph (1) that operate rural water or wastewater systems in preparing for and responding to natural or man-made disasters, as determined by the Secretary.

“(B) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—An entity eligible to receive a grant under subparagraph (A) is a nonprofit organization that—

“(i) has demonstrated experience providing emergency technical assistance for disaster preparation, recovery, and response activities to water and wastewater utilities nationwide; and

“(II) documented knowledge of water and wastewater utilities necessary to carry out activities described in subparagraph (C).

“(C) ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES.—An eligible entity that receives a grant under subparagraph (A) shall use the grant—

“(i) to provide on-site personnel and equipment to assist with water and wastewater systems in the event of a disaster;

“(ii) to coordinate with statewide emergency response networks to assist with water and wastewater systems;

“(iii) to facilitate the development of disaster action plans between associations described in subparagraph (A), units of local government, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and State emergency management agencies;

“(iv) to improve resiliency and mitigation planning with respect to water or wastewater systems;

“(v) to provide geographic information system mapping of water and wastewater systems;

“(vi) to prepare or update predisaster risk and resiliency assessments, emergency response plans, communication protocols, or hazard recognition and evaluation skills with respect to water and wastewater systems;

“(vii) to conduct preliminary damage assessments of critical infrastructure in the event of a disaster;

“(viii) to provide emergency services with respect to water and wastewater systems to restore service in the event of a disaster, including—

“(ix) to address outstanding deficiencies focused on resolving health-based regulatory, operational, financial, and managerial deficiencies that impact the sustainability of water and wastewater systems;

“(x) to assist with application and reporting requirements for Federal and State agencies, including the Federal Emergency Management Agency and insurance recovery claims, with respect to water and wastewater systems; and

“(xi) to provide for disaster preparation, support, and response activities targeted to disadvantaged communities that lack the financial resources and human capital necessary to adequately address significant health, safety, or sanitary concerns with respect to the water and wastewater systems of those communities.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity that receives a grant under subparagraph (A) may use the grant for salaries, supplies, and expenses relating to the activities described in subparagraph (C).

“(ii) LIMITATION.—Not more than 25 percent of the amount of a grant under subparagraph (A) may be used to purchase or reimburse the rental costs of appropriate emergency equipment, as determined by the Secretary.

“(E) RESTRICTION.—An eligible entity that receives a grant under subparagraph (A) may not use the grant funds to pay for eligible activities for which the eligible entity receives other Federal funds.

“(F) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this paragraph $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”.

Section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)) (as amended by section 6408) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(28) ASSISTANCE TO PROVIDE WATER AND WASTEWATER SERVICES IN FINANCIALLY DISTRESSED RURAL AREAS.—

“(II) is unable to provide water and wastewater services to the residents of the rural area because the rural area—

“(AA) to operate, maintain, or manage water and wastewater facilities or services; or

“(BB) to provide for the continued availability and use of those facilities or services at reasonable user rates and charges; or

“(bb) lacks the financial, technical, or managerial capability to consistently comply with pertinent Federal and State laws and requirements; and

“(III) voluntarily agrees to the provision of water or wastewater services in the rural area by an eligible association the service area of which is contiguous to, or in the locality of, the rural area.

“(ii) ELIGIBLE ASSOCIATION.—The term ‘eligible association’ means an association described in paragraph (1) that—

“(I) currently receives, or is eligible for, assistance under a rural water or wastewater program; and

“(II) is experienced in, and currently, providing functioning water and wastewater services to the residents of a rural area.

“(iii) RURAL WATER OR WASTEWATER PROGRAM.—The term ‘rural water or wastewater program’ means a water or wastewater program under this subsection.

“(B) ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary may provide financial or technical assistance under a rural water or wastewater program to an eligible association for the purpose of providing water and wastewater services to the residents of an eligible area that is contiguous to, or in the locality of, the service area of the eligible association.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of providing water and wastewater services using assistance provided under subparagraph (B), an eligible association and an eligible area may—

“(ii) EFFECT ON POPULATION LIMITATION.—If an eligible association and an eligible area consolidate or enter into a regional partnership pursuant to clause (i), the Secretary shall only consider the population of the eligible area for purposes of eligibility for assistance under subparagraph (B).

“(iii) USE OF SYSTEMS.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an eligible association may use assistance provided under subparagraph (B) to provide water or wastewater services to an eligible area using—

“(D) LIMITATION.—An eligible association that receives financial assistance under subparagraph (B) shall only use that financial assistance for the benefit of the residents of the eligible area with respect to which the financial assistance is provided.”.

Section 306A of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926a) is amended—

(1) in subsection (c)(1), by striking “entity;” and inserting “entity or federally recognized Indian Tribe or Tribal organization (including wholly or majority owned Tribal entities or corporations that provide services or programs consistent with the purposes of the program under this section);”; and

Subtitle A of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act is amended by inserting after section 306A (7 U.S.C. 1926a) the following:

“(a) Definition of eligible entity.—In this section, the term ‘eligible entity’ means a rural water, wastewater, or waste disposal facility with respect to which assistance may be provided under a water, wastewater, or waste disposal program under section 306(a), 306A, 306C, or 306D.

“(1) GRANTS AND LOANS.—The Secretary may provide a grant, a zero percent interest loan, or a 1 percent interest loan to an eligible entity.

“(A) forgive principal or interest or modify any term or condition of an outstanding loan made to an eligible entity; or

“(B) refinance part or all of any other loan (if the purpose of the loan is an eligible purpose under section 306(a)(1) or 306C) made to an eligible entity.

“(3) LIMITATION.—The Secretary may not provide forgiveness under paragraph (2)(A) with respect to a loan made under paragraph (1).

“(c) Eligible purposes.—The Secretary may provide assistance to an eligible entity under subsection (b) as the Secretary determines is necessary—

“(1) to ensure that the eligible entity has the necessary resources to improve or construct public utilities or to otherwise maintain or enhance public health, safety, affordability, or order; or

“(2) to address financial hardships of the eligible entity, if the eligible entity is located in a disadvantaged or economically distressed area, as determined under subsection (d).

“(d) Determination.—To determine whether an eligible entity may receive assistance pursuant to subsection (c)(2), the Secretary shall establish and use—

“(1) a residential indicator of affordable water services in each State or local or geographic area, calculated using the cost per household as a percentage of median household income; and

Section 306D of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926d) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by striking “construction of water and wastewater systems” and inserting “construction of water systems and wastewater systems, including community-based systems,”;

(2) in subsection (c), by inserting “and the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium” after “State of Alaska”; and

Section 306E of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926e) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (d) and (e), respectively;

(2) by striking subsection (a) and all that follows through the period at the end of subsection (b)(1) and inserting the following:

“(a) Definition of eligible entity.—In this section, the term ‘eligible entity’ means—

“(2) a federally recognized Indian Tribe or Tribal organization, including any wholly or majority owned Tribal entity or corporation that provides services or programs consistent with the purposes of the program under this section.

“(b) Grants to eligible entities.—The Secretary may provide grants to eligible entities for the purpose of providing subgrants and loans in accordance with subsection (c) to individuals for the construction, refurbishing, and servicing of individual household water well systems and individually owned household decentralized wastewater systems in rural areas that are or will be owned by the individuals.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity shall use grant amounts received under subsection (b) to provide—

“(A) subgrants for use in accordance with this section to individuals residing in the service area of the eligible entity who are members of a household with a combined income (for the most recent 12-month period for which the information is available) that is less than 60 percent of the median nonmetropolitan household income for the area, according to the most recent decennial census; and

“(B) loans for use in accordance with this section to individuals residing in the service area of the eligible entity who are members of a household with a combined income (for the most recent 12-month period for which the information is available) that is not more than 100 percent of the median nonmetropolitan household income for the area, according to the most recent decennial census.”;

(A) by striking “this section” each place it appears and inserting “subsection (b)”;

(B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking “$15,000” and inserting “$25,000”; and

“(5) FUNDING TO COVER COST OF PERFORMANCE WARRANTIES.—A subgrant provided to an individual under this subsection for an individually owned household decentralized wastewater system may include sufficient additional funding to cover the cost of a performance warranty with a duration of at least 5 years.

“(6) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND SUPPORT.—An eligible entity that receives a grant under subsection (b) may use an amount equal to not more than 10 percent of the grant to provide technical assistance and support to individuals eligible for a subgrant or loan under this subsection relating to the installation and maintenance of household decentralized water and wastewater systems.

“(7) DETERMINATION OF OWNERSHIP.—An eligible entity that receives a grant under subsection (b) shall allow for multiple methods to determine ownership under that subsection to account for undivided ownership interests.”;

(4) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated), by striking “this section, the Secretary shall give priority to an applicant” and inserting “subsection (b), the Secretary shall give priority to an eligible entity”; and

(5) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), by striking “2019 through 2023” and inserting “2025 through 2029”.

Subtitle A of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act is amended by inserting after section 306E (7 U.S.C. 1926e) the following:

“(1) APPROVED INSTALLATION.—The term ‘approved installation’ means the installation of an eligible drinking water quality improvement product or a certified filter component by a qualified third-party installer that—

“(2) APPROVED MAINTENANCE.—The term ‘approved maintenance’ means required maintenance—

“(A) performed on an eligible drinking water quality improvement product that includes maintenance and replacement of the certified filter component;

“(I) professionally qualified, certified, or licensed as a water treatment product maintenance professional, including a professional credentialed through a manufacturer or third party;

“(II) operating under the supervision of a service technician described in subclause (I);

“(III) a licensed plumber or a plumber operating under the supervision of a licensed plumbing contractor; or

“(IV) an individual who holds a license or certification related to water treatment technologies issued by a State or local government; and

“(ii) regularly completes continuing education on water treatment technology and other subjects that enhance the services provided under this section;

“(3) CERTIFIED FILTER COMPONENT.—The term ‘certified filter component’ means a replaceable or replacement filter component—

“(iii) another successor or relevant consensus-based standard for drinking water treatment units or systems that addresses health contaminant reduction, as determined by the Secretary.

“(4) ELIGIBLE DRINKING WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PRODUCT.—The term ‘eligible drinking water quality improvement product’ means a point-of-use or point-of-entry system—

“(B) that is certified by a third-party certifier to meet standards described in paragraph (3)(B)—

“(5) ELIGIBLE END USER.—The term ‘eligible end user’ means a person or entity located in a rural area (as defined in section 343(a)(13)(B)) that is—

“(iii) a property owner of a multi-unit residential building with 25 or fewer owned, leased, or rented dwelling units;

“(i) a qualified water quality test demonstrating the presence of 1 or more health contaminants; or

“(ii) other documentation determined to be satisfactory by the Secretary demonstrating the presence of 1 or more health contaminants.

“(6) ELIGIBLE GRANT RECIPIENT.—The term ‘eligible grant recipient’ means—

“(B) a nonprofit organization that uses a grant provided under this section for the purposes described in subsection (c)(2).

“(A) a health contaminant found in drinking water, including lead, arsenic, nitrate, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, hexavalent chromium (chrome-6), and volatile organic compounds; and

“(i) that can be reduced by an eligible drinking water quality improvement product or a certified filter component in accordance with the standards described in paragraph (3)(B); and

“(ii) (I) with respect to which the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency has established—

“(aa) a primary drinking water regulation (as defined in section 1401 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300f));

“(bb) a maximum contaminant level goal established in accordance with section 1412(b) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 300g–1(b)); or

“(cc) a health advisory issued pursuant to section 1412(b)(1)(F) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 300g–1(b)(1)(F)); or

“(8) IMPROVE DRINKING WATER QUALITY.—The term ‘improve drinking water quality’ means to improve the quality of the water supplied between its source and human consumption by reducing or removing 1 or more health contaminants.

“(9) QUALIFIED THIRD-PARTY INSTALLER.—The term ‘qualified third-party installer’ means a person who—

“(i) a professionally qualified, certified, or licensed water treatment product installation professional, including such a professional credentialed through a manufacturer or third party;

“(ii) a licensed plumber or individual who holds a license or certification related to water treatment technologies issued by a State or local government; or

“(iii) a company or plumbing contractor employing individuals described in clause (i) or (ii); and

“(B) regularly completes, or requires applicable employees to complete, continuing education on water treatment technology and other subjects that enhance the services provided under this section.

“(10) QUALIFIED WATER QUALITY TEST.—The term ‘qualified water quality test’ means a baseline analysis of the bacterial and chemical characteristics of concern from a drinking water sample collected at the point of consumption and tested by a laboratory certified to conduct water quality testing—

“(III) an eligible grant recipient receiving a grant under this section and any eligible end users served by the eligible grant recipient; and

“(i) guidance on test interpretation, including whether the bacteria or chemical characteristic of concern meets or exceeds a prescribed health-based contaminant level; and

“(ii) sources and citations that eligible grant recipients, independent third-party organizations and institutions, and government agencies may review and consult—

“(I) to determine available eligible drinking water quality improvement products for addressing detected contaminants; and

“(II) to evaluate efficacy across eligible drinking water quality improvement products.

“(11) THIRD-PARTY CERTIFIER.—The term ‘third-party certifier’ means an independent certification body accredited to ISO Standard 17065, ‘Conformity assessment—Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and services’, by an entity domiciled in the United States that is a signatory to the International Accreditation Forum Multilateral Recognition Arrangement, such as the Water Quality Association, NSF International, the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, and the International Code Council Evaluation Service.

“(b) Establishment of program.—Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations to establish, and shall carry out, a clean drinking water program to provide grants to eligible grant recipients to improve drinking water quality of eligible end users.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—A grant under this section shall be used, as directed by the Secretary, for—

“(A) the purchase of an eligible drinking water quality improvement product or a replacement certified filter component;

“(B) the approved installation by a qualified third-party installer of an eligible drinking water quality improvement product;

“(C) the purchase and approved installation by a qualified third-party installer of a replacement certified filter component;

“(D) the approved maintenance of an eligible drinking water quality improvement product; or

“(E) qualified water quality tests to support products and services described in subparagraphs (A) through (D).

“(2) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS.—A nonprofit organization that receives a grant under this section shall use the grant, in a manner consistent with the uses described in paragraph (1) and as directed by the Secretary—

“(A) to offer qualified water quality tests for eligible end users on a voluntary basis;

“(B) to facilitate the analysis of qualified water quality test results for eligible end users;

“(C) to assist an eligible end user in determining the response options available and supporting the selection by the eligible end user of a response that best fits the needs of the eligible end user, informed by—

“(ii) an understanding of the relevant plumbing systems and environmental factors that will impact point-of-use or point-of-entry water safety; and

“(D) to coordinate or facilitate the approved installation by a qualified third-party installer of the eligible drinking water quality improvement product selected by an eligible end user.

“(1) AMOUNT.—The amount of a grant under this section shall not exceed the reasonable costs, as determined by the Secretary, of the purposes described in subsection (c) for which the grant is provided.

“(2) INCOME.—No grant provided under this section shall be used to assist an eligible end user who is a member of a household the members of which have a combined income, or an eligible end user with business income, for the most recent 12-month period for which the information is available, that is more than 150 percent of the median nonmetropolitan household income for the State or territory in which the eligible end user resides, according to the most recent decennial census of the United States.

“(e) Grant administrator.—The Secretary shall appoint an officer or employee of the Department of Agriculture to administer and manage grants provided under this section.

“(f) Grant allocation.—In providing grants under this section to eligible grant recipients, the Secretary shall allocate funds and make grants available in a manner that—

“(2) prioritizes funding to eligible end-users the sources of drinking water of which are private wells;

“(g) Reports.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, and not less frequently than annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Congress, and make publicly available, a report—

“(1) identifying ongoing barriers to universal safe drinking water prior to and after filtration or other treatment;

“(A) sources of contamination or degradation of water resources, especially groundwater resources or upstream resources that recharge stores of drinking water;

“(B) trends in bioaccumulation and attenuation of contaminants and nutrients; and

“(C) impacts of infrastructure materials, crop and land management practices, waste management, and other factors that impact drinking water quantity and quality;

“(A) technologies available to and purchased by eligible grant recipients; and

“(B) the emerging safe drinking water needs of rural and other homeowners, renters, residential multi-unit property owners, licensed child-care facilities, and other groups, as determined by the Secretary;

“(A) the types of treatment systems and filter components used under the program established under this section;

“(B) the number of qualified water quality tests conducted under the program established under this section;

“(C) emerging and changing trends relating to steps taken to ensure safe drinking water in communities and households; and

“(D) trends relating to the availability and use of eligible drinking water quality improvement products, including—

“(ii) consistency of operation as intended by the manufacturer and installer, including effectiveness across systems and technologies at achieving stated health protections; and

“(5) providing recommendations regarding the best methods to increase access to—

“(B) certification institutions that oversee the criteria for products and training of installation and maintenance professionals; and

“(B) to provide educational resources on water testing and water quality improvement products and services to eligible grant recipients with drinking water contamination issues;

“(C) to collect information that improves understanding of water testing and water quality improvement products and services, including their associated health and economic benefits; and

“(D) to increase public awareness of water quality issues and treatment options.

“(h) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”.

(a) In general.—Section 310B of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932) is amended—

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “reservations or other federally recognized Indian tribal groups” and inserting “reservations or Tribal organizations (including any wholly or majority owned Tribal entity or corporation that provides services or programs consistent with the purposes of the program under this subsection or the program under subsection (g), as applicable)”; and

(B) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “workforce housing and” before “pollution abatement”; and

“(10) REPORT.—Not later than December 31, 2025, and each December 31 thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and make publicly available a report that includes, with respect to the immediately preceding fiscal year, the following:

“(A) The name and description of each underlying loan recipient that closed on a business and industry loan under this subsection, including whether the loan recipient is a minority-owned, Tribal-owned, or woman-owned entity.

“(B) A description of the project funded by that loan, including the location of the project.

(b) Review and revision.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, to ensure that entities less likely to have private funding opportunities have adequate access to business and industry direct and guaranteed loans under section 310B(g) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(g)), the Secretary shall review and revise section 4279.117 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation), to include such additional ineligible purposes and entity types as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

Section 310B(b) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), in the first sentence, by inserting “and federally recognized Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations (including any wholly or majority owned Tribal entity or corporation that provides services or programs consistent with the purposes of the program under this subsection)” after “related agencies”; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023” and inserting “$20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”.

Section 310B(c) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(c)) is amended—

“(B) federally recognized Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations (including wholly or majority owned Tribal entities or corporations that provide services or programs consistent with the purposes of the program under this subsection), Alaska Native Corporations, or Native Hawaiian organizations; and”;

“(4) MULTIYEAR GRANTS.—The Secretary may award grants under this subsection for a period of more than 1 year, but not more than 5 years.”.

Section 310B(e) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(e)) is amended—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as subparagraphs (B) and (C), respectively; and

“(A) COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT.—The term ‘cooperative development’ means activities, including outreach, education, training, and technical assistance, to support the startup, expansion, or ongoing sustainability of new and existing cooperatives.”;

(2) in paragraph (5)(F), by striking “contributions,” and inserting “contributions by awarding applications that meet the criterion described in this subparagraph the maximum points for this subparagraph in the scoring criteria,”;

(3) in paragraph (6)(B), by striking “If the Secretary determines it to be in the best interest of the program, the” and inserting “The”;

“(B) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, and annually thereafter, the interagency working group established under subparagraph (A) shall make publicly available and submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report describing—

“(i) research and analysis based on data from the latest available Economic Census conducted by the Bureau of the Census on the effects of all types of cooperatives on the national economy; and

“(ii) the activities carried out by the interagency working group in the prior fiscal year.”; and

Section 310B(g)(9)(B) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(g)(9)(B)) is amended—

(1) in clause (i), by inserting “wholly or majority owned Tribal entities or corporations that provide services or programs consistent with the purposes of the program under this paragraph,” after “businesses”; and

Section 310B(i)(4) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(i)(4)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 310B(j) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(j)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 310H of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1936b(i)) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking “Indian tribes” and inserting “federally recognized Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations (which shall include wholly or majority owned Tribal entities or corporations that provide services or programs consistent with the purposes of the program under this section)”; and

Section 368(d)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008c(d)(1)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 378 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008m) is amended—

Section 379B(d) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008p(d)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 379E of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008s) is amended—

“(2) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘Indian tribe’ means an Indian Tribe or a Tribal organization (as those terms are defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)).”; and

Section 379G(e) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008u(e)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 379H(d)(4) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008v(d)(4)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 379I of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008w) is amended—

(1) by striking “jobs accelerator” each place it appears and inserting “jobs and technology accelerator”;

(2) by striking “industry clusters” each place it appears and inserting “industries”;

(3) by striking “industry cluster” each place it appears and inserting “industry”;

(i) in subparagraph (A)(iv), by striking subclause (II) and inserting the following:

“(II) a federally recognized Indian Tribe or Tribal organization (including any wholly or majority owned Tribal entity or corporation that provides services or programs consistent with the purposes of the program under this section) or a consortium of federally recognized Indian Tribes.”; and

(II) by redesignating subclauses (III) and (IV) as subclauses (II) and (III), respectively;

“(4) JOBS AND TECHNOLOGY ACCELERATOR.—The term ‘jobs and technology accelerator’ means a jobs and technology accelerator center or program located in or serving a low-income rural community that—

“(A) may provide co-working space, in-demand skills training, entrepreneurship support, and any other services described in subsection (d)(1)(B); and

(D) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (5) as paragraphs (2) through (4), respectively;

(A) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “jobs accelerators,” and inserting “jobs and technology accelerators,”; and

(B) in paragraph (5), by striking “not fewer than 25 States at any time” and inserting “a geographically diverse manner and taking into account different methods of measuring distress in rural communities”; and

Section 384S of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2009cc–18) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated—

(1) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended, for rural water and waste disposal grants under section 306(a)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2)); and

(2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended, for community facilities grants under section 306(a)(19) of that Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(19)), to remain available until expended.

(a) Use of grants for operating expenses.—Section 2333 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 950aaa–2) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by inserting “and operation” after “construction”;

(B) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking “or extend” each place it appears and inserting “extend, or operate”;

“(4) operation of the programming, equipment, or facilities referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2); or”; and

“(g) Operating expenses.—Not more than 15 percent of the amount of financial assistance provided to a recipient under this chapter may be used for operating expenses, including salaries or administrative expenses, that are reasonable and allocable to the project carried out by the recipient.”.

(b) Waiver of matching requirement.—Section 2334 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 950aaa–3) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(g) Waiver of matching requirement.—The Secretary shall waive any requirement for a recipient of financial assistance under this chapter to provide non-Federal matching funds—

“(1) in a case of demonstrated need or if the matching requirement would create a substantial burden, as determined by the Secretary; or

(c) Authorization of appropriations.—Section 2335A of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 950aaa–5) is amended by striking “2019 through 2023” and inserting “2025 through 2029”.

(d) Conforming amendment.—Section 1(b) of Public Law 102–551 (7 U.S.C. 950aaa note) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(1) BROADBAND SERVICE.—The term “broadband service” has the meaning given the term in section 601(b) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb(b)).

(2) CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT PLAN.—The term “configuration management plan”, with respect to a covered provider, means a comprehensive description of the roles, responsibilities, policies, and procedures intended to improve the integrity of the systems and networks of the covered provider.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The term “covered producer” means a person or entity that is directly engaged in the production of agricultural products, including crops or livestock, on eligible land that is unserved or underserved, such that a majority of the gross income of the person or entity is derived from those products.

(B) INCLUSION.—The term “covered producer” includes agricultural research centers of the Agricultural Research Service.

(A) with respect to the provision of qualifying connectivity to eligible land, a provider of broadband service; or

(B) with respect to the provision of wireless solutions using or extending the range of network connectivity, a provider of wireless equipment or communications services, in association with an entity described in subparagraph (A).

(5) ELIGIBLE LAND.—The term “eligible land” means cropland, grassland, rangeland, pastureland, farm sites, and other agricultural land used for the active production of agricultural commodities or livestock.

(6) FARM SITE.—The term “farm site” means a portion of land contiguous to land actively devoted to agricultural production and that includes improvements that are agricultural or horticultural in nature.

(7) PRECISION AGRICULTURE.—The term “precision agriculture” means managing, tracking, or reducing crop or livestock production inputs, including seed, feed, fertilizer, chemicals, water, and time, at a heightened level of spatial and temporal granularity to improve efficiencies, reduce waste, and maintain or improve environmental quality.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The term “qualifying connectivity” means the service offered by a covered provider as a result of assistance under this section that—

(ii) carries out not less than 1 of the activities described in subparagraph (B).

(B) ACTIVITIES DESCRIBED.—The activities referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii) are—

(i) providing broadband service by any technology to structures and devices on eligible land, including tractors, combines, irrigation systems, drones, under-soil sensors, livestock facilities, and farm offices;

(ii) providing multipoint wireless network connectivity that facilitates data transmission between structures and devices on eligible land, including structures and devices described in clause (i); and

(I) the construction of wireless infrastructure, including poles, towers, base stations, or other structures, regardless of whether the structure has an existing antenna facility, that is used or will be used for the provision of wireless service; or

(II) the retrofitting of existing towers or vertical structures, such as water towers, grain elevators, or center pivots, to accommodate wireless infrastructure.

(9) REMOTE AREA.—The term “remote area” means the frontier and remote ZIP Code areas published by the Economic Research Service.

(10) UNDERSERVED.—The term “underserved” means, with respect to eligible land, that the eligible land lacks access to broadband service that is capable of a speed of not less than—

(11) UNSERVED.—The term “unserved” means, with respect to eligible land, eligible land that lacks access to broadband service that is capable of a speed of not less than—

(b) Purposes.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall carry out, under terms and conditions as the Secretary considers to be appropriate, projects—

(2) to augment last mile broadband service deployment for agricultural producers by expanding high-speed internet access across the last acre.

(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall make grants and make loans to covered providers to provide qualifying connectivity to covered producers on unserved and underserved eligible land.

(2) LIMITATION.—Of the amounts made available under subsection (k) for a fiscal year for assistance under this section, the Secretary may award not more than 10 percent to provide qualifying connectivity to agricultural research centers described in subsection (a)(3)(B).

(A) CYBERSECURITY.—The Secretary may allow a covered provider to use a portion of the assistance provided to the covered provider under this section, as necessary, to address the cybersecurity requirements under subsection (g).

(B) PROHIBITION.—The Secretary shall not award any assistance under this section for broadband service to an inhabitable residence that is identified as serviceable or has to be served due to an enforceable commitment to deploy on the broadband maps (as determined by the Secretary).

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Federal share of a project carried out using assistance under this section shall be not more than 80 percent of the total cost of the project.

(B) LIMITED RESOURCE FARMERS OR RANCHERS.—The Secretary may increase the Federal share described in subparagraph (A) to 90 percent if the covered producer on the applicable eligible land is a limited resource farmer or rancher.

(d) Application.—To apply for assistance under this section, a covered provider shall submit to the Secretary an application in such manner and containing such information as the Secretary may require, including—

(1) the measures by which the covered producer has engaged with the covered provider to identify the appropriate qualifying connectivity plan to serve the eligible land of the covered producer;

(2) a description of how the assistance provided under this section would be used to establish qualifying connectivity on the unserved or underserved eligible land of a covered producer, including the entire acreage in need of qualifying connectivity;

(3) a description of how the assistance provided under this section could be used to provide broadband service to residents or essential community facilities (if any) in areas near or adjacent to unserved or underserved eligible land of a covered producer;

(4) the amount of the Federal share for the project and the amount of the non-Federal share for the project;

(5) information necessary for the covered provider to demonstrate to the Secretary that the covered provider—

(A) is capable of carrying out the specific activities for which assistance is provided under this section in compliance with all applicable Federal, State, and local laws;

(B) has the financial and managerial capacity to meet the specific commitments contained in the application, including buildout obligations; and

(ii) to meet the requirement described in paragraph (1) of subsection (g) and provide the cybersecurity certification required under paragraph (2) of that subsection;

(B) is not subject to an enforceable commitment to deploy broadband by the applicant or another covered provider, as determined according to the broadband maps (as determined by the Secretary);

(7) a description of the means by which the covered provider will provide to the Secretary the information necessary for the Secretary to prepare the annual reports under subsection (i); and

(8) any additional information that the Secretary determines necessary to ensure the effective function of the program under this section.

(1) IN GENERAL.—For each project for which assistance is provided under this section, the Secretary shall establish service buildout milestones and periodic certifications by recipients of the assistance for purposes of project compliance and implementation.

(2) REQUIREMENT.—The milestones required under paragraph (1) shall establish a maximum buildout timeframe of not more than 4 years from the date on which the assistance is provided.

(3) PENALTIES.—The Secretary shall establish and enforce standardized penalties, fines, and sanctions for noncompliance with a milestone or certification established under paragraph (1).

(1) IN GENERAL.—In selecting applicants for assistance under this section, the Secretary shall give priority to applicants that propose to carry out projects in the following order:

(2) RESIDENTS AND ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES.—The Secretary may give priority to applicants for assistance under this section that propose to carry out projects that would also provide broadband service at speeds higher than the speeds described in subclauses (I) and (II) of subsection (a)(8)(A)(i) to residents or essential community facilities (if any) in areas that—

(A) FINDING.—Congress finds that there are unique connectivity needs to support the adoption of precision agriculture.

(B) PRIORITIZATION.—In selecting applicants for assistance under this section, the Secretary may give priority to an applicant that proposes to carry out a project to provide broadband service speeds that are greater than the speeds described in subclauses (I) and (II) of subsection (a)(8)(A)(i), if the applicant demonstrates that the proposal to serve the eligible land of a covered producer that is unserved or underserved requires those greater speeds.

(g) Cybersecurity.—As a condition on receipt of assistance under this section, a covered provider shall—

(1) ensure that any structure, device, or system provided or constructed using the assistance incorporates a layered defense strategy as a means of defensible security architecture; and

(2) certify to the Secretary that the covered provider maintains a regularly updated configuration management plan.

(h) Public notice and assessments.—Subsections (a) and (b)(1) of section 701 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950cc) shall apply to assistance and applications for assistance under this section.

(i) Report to Congress.—For fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter through the fiscal year that is 2 fiscal years after the fiscal year during which the last project funded under this section is completed, the Secretary shall—

(1) submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report that describes—

(A) applications for assistance under this section submitted during the previous fiscal year, including the number of parcels of eligible land for which applications were submitted during the previous fiscal year;

(B) the amount of assistance awarded for each project under this section during the previous fiscal year;

(C) the number of projects for which assistance is provided under this section, including the number of parcels of eligible land on which those projects were carried out, that were successfully completed during the previous fiscal year; and

(D) (i) the number of covered producers subscribing to the broadband service provided under each project for which assistance is provided under this section;

(ii) the download and upload speeds of the broadband service provided under each such project; and

(iii) the purposes for which the broadband service under each such project is used, including the use of precision agriculture; and

(2) make the report required under paragraph (1) publicly available on the website of the Secretary.

(j) Termination of authority.—The authority to make grants and to make loans under this section shall terminate on September 30, 2029.

(k) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $160,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.

(1) COMMERCIAL FOOD PRODUCT.—The term “commercial food product” means a product derived from domestically grown food in regular production that is routinely sold in significant quantities to the general public or industry.

(i) an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));

(iii) a Tribal organization (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)).

(B) INCLUSIONS.—The term “Tribal entity” includes an entity or a corporation that—

(i) is wholly or majority owned by one or more Tribal entities described in subparagraph (A) or one or more members thereof; and

(ii) provides services or programs consistent with the purposes of the program under this section.

(b) Authority.—The Secretary shall guarantee loans and make grants to eligible entities to support the commencement or expansion of projects in the United States to increase the capacity of the food supply chain in the United States to aggregate, process, manufacture, store, transport, wholesale, or distribute domestically grown food for commercial food products.

(1) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible for a loan guarantee or grant under this section, an eligible entity shall be engaged in or propose to engage in aggregating, processing, manufacturing, storing, transporting, wholesaling, or distributing domestically grown food for a commercial food product project—

(2) RESTRICTIONS.—To be eligible for a loan guarantee or grant under this section—

(A) an eligible entity engaged in or proposing to engage in the processing of meat, poultry, processed egg products, or fish of the order Siluriformes shall comply with the requirements of the Food Safety and Inspection Service;

(B) an eligible entity engaged in or proposing to engage in the processing of any food or food ingredient not described in subparagraph (A) shall comply with the requirements of the Food and Drug Administration; and

(C) an eligible entity engaged in or proposing to engage in beef, pork, chicken, or turkey processing, including an affiliate of such an eligible entity, shall not hold a market share greater than or equal to the entity that holds the fourth-largest share of the market for the species addressed in the loan guarantee or grant award.

(3) REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary shall not limit the eligibility of an eligible entity for a loan guarantee or grant under this section based on the availability of credit from any other source.

(1) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible for a loan guarantee or grant under this section, an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary an application in such form, at such time, and containing such information as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(2) INCLUSION.—An application submitted under paragraph (1) shall demonstrate that the loan or grant funds will be used in the United States to carry out a project described in subsection (b).

(A) IN GENERAL.—An application submitted under paragraph (1) shall include a feasibility study that meets criteria established by the Secretary.

(B) REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary may not approve an application submitted under paragraph (1) unless the Secretary determines that the project described in the application is technically and economically feasible, based on the feasibility study described in subparagraph (A).

(4) COMBINATION.—An eligible entity may apply for both a loan guarantee and a grant under this section using the same application.

(1) ELIGIBLE USES.—A loan guaranteed under this section may be used by the eligible entity—

(B) to expand, renovate, construct, or otherwise improve leased or owned property;

(2) AMOUNT.—The principal amount of a loan guaranteed under this section may not exceed $80,000,000.

(1) ELIGIBLE USES.—A grant made under this section may be used by the eligible entity receiving the grant for—

(2) AMOUNT.—The amount of a grant made under this section may not exceed $500,000.

(A) IN GENERAL.—Of the amount made available to carry out this section for each fiscal year, the Secretary shall reserve not less than 10 percent to make grants under this section.

(B) AVAILABILITY.—If amounts reserved under subparagraph (A) are not obligated by September 30 of the fiscal year for which the amounts are reserved, the amounts shall be available for other purposes authorized under this section.

(g) Priorities.—In guaranteeing loans and making grants under this section, when the amount available to carry out this section is less than the total of the amounts requested by applications under this section that are eligible for approval, the Secretary shall give preference to applications for projects that—

(1) would create jobs in economically distressed communities, as determined by the Secretary;

(2) are submitted by eligible entities that are small food processors (as determined by the Secretary) and are small business concerns (within the meaning of section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632));

(4) would help to create a more resilient, diverse, and secure United States food supply chain, as determined by the Secretary.

(h) Nonsupplantation of other funds.—The Secretary shall use the amounts made available to carry out this section to supplement, and not supplant, funds provided under other Federal law or State or local law.

(1) IN GENERAL.—As a condition of receiving a loan guarantee or grant under this section, an eligible entity shall ensure that all laborers and mechanics employed by contractors or subcontractors in the performance of construction work financed in whole or in part by the loan guarantee or grant shall be paid wages at rates not less than those prevailing on similar construction in the locality, as determined by the Secretary of Labor in accordance with sections 3141 through 3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40, United States Code.

(2) AUTHORITY AND FUNCTIONS.—The Secretary of Labor shall have, with respect to the labor standards described in paragraph (1), the authority and functions set forth in Reorganization Plan Numbered 14 of 1950 (64 Stat. 1267; 5 U.S.C. App) and section 3145 of title 40, United States Code.

(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter to carry out this section, to remain available until expended.

(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section not more than $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.

(3) ADMINISTRATION.—Of the amount made available to carry out this section for each fiscal year, the Secretary may use not more than 5 percent for administrative purposes.

Section 6402 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 1632b) is amended—

(1) by striking “agricultural producers” each place it appears and inserting “eligible participants”;

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; and

“(B) an agricultural enterprise (as defined in section 18(b) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 647(b))); and

“(C) a small business concern (within the meaning of section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)) engaged in manufacturing value-added agricultural products.”;

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Each Agriculture Innovation Center of an eligible entity shall have an advisory board.

“(B) REQUIREMENTS.—An advisory board described in subparagraph (A) shall be composed of a diverse group of representatives of public and private entities in the State in which the eligible entity is located (or the region in which the eligible entity is located if the service area of the eligible entity comprises more than 1 State), including the following:

“(ii) Entities representing commodities produced in the State or region, as applicable.”; and

(4) in subsection (g), by striking “$15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “$25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”.

Section 6407 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8107a) is amended—

“(C) any Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));

“(D) any public, quasipublic, or nonprofit entity that uses innovative financing techniques and market development tools to accelerate the deployment of clean energy technology (commonly known as a ‘green bank’); and”; and

“(2) ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURE.—The term ‘energy efficiency measure’, with respect to any property served by an eligible entity, means—

“(A) a structural improvement or investment in a cost-effective, commercial technology to increase energy efficiency (including cost-effective on- or off-grid renewable energy or energy storage systems); and

“(B) the replacement of a manufactured housing unit or large appliance with a substantially similar manufactured housing unit or appliance, respectively, if that replacement is a cost-effective option with respect to energy savings.”;

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the requirements of this subsection, the Secretary shall provide—

“(A) loans to eligible entities that agree to use the loan funds to make loans under subsection (d) to qualified consumers for the purpose of implementing energy efficiency measures; and

“(B) at the election of any eligible entity that receives a loan under subparagraph (A), a grant in accordance with paragraph (10).”;

(i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting “for loans” after “Requirements”; and

(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting the clauses appropriately;

(ii) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking “With respect to a loan under paragraph (1)” and inserting the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (B), with respect to a loan under paragraph (1)(A)”; and

“(B) EXTENSIONS.—The Secretary may extend the term of a loan under subparagraph (A)(i), or the deadline for the repayment of an advance under subparagraph (A)(ii), as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.”;

(i) in subparagraph (B), by striking “paragraph (1)” and inserting “paragraph (1)(A)”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (C), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “Repayment of the special advance” and inserting “Subject to an applicable extension under paragraph (5)(B), repayment of a special advance under this paragraph”;

(F) in paragraph (8), by striking “paragraph (1)” and inserting “paragraph (1)(A)”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—At the election of an eligible entity that receives a loan under this subsection, the Secretary shall provide to the eligible entity a grant to pay for a portion of the costs incurred in—

“(iii) making repairs to the property of a qualified consumer that facilitate the energy efficiency measures for the property financed through a loan provided to the qualified consumer under subsection (d);

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in clause (ii), the amount of a grant provided to an eligible entity under this paragraph shall be equal to not more than 5 percent of the amount of the loan provided to the eligible entity under this subsection.

“(ii) PERSISTENT POVERTY COUNTIES.—The amount of a grant provided under this paragraph to an eligible entity that will use the grant to make loans under subsection (d) to qualified consumers located in a persistent poverty county (as determined by the Secretary) shall be equal to 10 percent of the amount of the loan provided to the eligible entity under this subsection.”;

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting “or grant” before “funds”;

“(B) (i) may have a term and amortization schedule the length of which is the useful life of the energy efficiency measures implemented using the loan, provided that the loan to the qualified consumer does not exceed 20 years; and

(II) in clause (ii) (as so designated), by striking “a loan term of not more than 10 years” and inserting “the applicable loan term described in clause (i)”; and

(iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking “unless the personal property is or becomes attached to real property (including a manufactured home) as a fixture;” and inserting “unless the personal property—

“(i) is a manufactured housing unit or large appliance described in subsection (b)(2)(B); or

“(3) CLARIFICATION OF ELIGIBILITY.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law (including regulations), an eligible entity may make a loan under this subsection to any qualified consumer located within the service territory of the eligible entity, regardless of whether the qualified consumer is located in a rural area.”;

(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting “outreach,” after “training,”;

(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking “and technical assistance of the program” and inserting “outreach, and technical assistance relating to the program under this section”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by inserting “, outreach,” after “technical assistance”; and

“(3) FUNDING.—Of the amounts made available under subsection (i), the Secretary may use such sums as are necessary to provide outreach, training, and technical assistance under this subsection.”; and

Section 306 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926) is amended—

(1) by striking the section designation and all that follows through “The Secretary” in the first sentence of subsection (a)(1) and inserting the following:

(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking “(B) The term” and inserting the following:

(I) by striking “Soil Conservation Service” and inserting “Natural Resources Conservation Service”; and

(H) in paragraph (16), by striking “(16) Grants” and inserting the following:

Section 1408 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)(5), by striking “7 additional members” and inserting “3 additional members”;

(2) in subsection (g)(1), by striking “$500,000” and inserting “$750,000”; and

(a) In general.—Section 1408A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123a) is amended—

(i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “11 members” and inserting “12 members”; and

“(iv) One of such members shall represent a State with not less than 1,000 acres of citrus production, and shall be a nonvoting member.”; and

“(2) APPOINTMENT; SERVICE.—Members of the specialty crops committee shall—

(A) by redesignating paragraph (5) and (6) as paragraph (6) and (7), respectively; and

“(5) review grant applications under such subsection and submit a summary of comments, including the relevancy of the applications to the annual priorities established under paragraph (4), to the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture for consideration prior to the awarding of grants under such subsection;”.

(b) Conforming amendment.—Section 412(d) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7632(d)) is amended—

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(3) for competitive grants under subsection (j), the review and summary submitted to the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture under section 1408A(g)(5) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123a(g)(5)).”.

(1) shall take effect on October 1 of the first fiscal year that begins after the date of enactment of this Act; and

(2) shall not affect the terms of the members of the citrus disease subcommittee established under section 1408A(a)(2) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123a(a)(2)) who are—

(A) appointed by the Secretary before the effective date described in paragraph (1); and

Section 1417 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3152) is amended—

(B) in subparagraph (G), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(H) to conduct workforce training, education, research, and outreach activities relating to the food and agricultural sciences.”; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “2023.” and inserting “2024; and”; and

Section 1419A(e) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3155(e)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1419B of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3156) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(3), by striking “$10,000,000 in fiscal years 2001 through 2023” and inserting “$15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”; and

(2) in subsection (b)(3), by striking “$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2023” and inserting “$15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”.

Section 1425(g) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3175(g)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1433 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3195) is amended—

“(4) CARRYOVER.—The balance of any annual funds provided to an eligible institution for a fiscal year under this subsection that remains unexpended at the end of the fiscal year may be carried over for use during the following fiscal year.”; and

Section 1444(a)(2) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3221(a)(2)) is amended—

(a) Authorization of appropriations.—Section 1445(a) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222(a)) is amended—

(2) in paragraph (3), by inserting “graduate student tuition and fees,” after “direction,”.

(b) Payment of allotments to eligible institutions.—Section 1445(d) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222(d)) is amended—

(1) in the second sentence, by striking “a research director” and inserting “an agricultural research director”; and

Section 1446 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222a) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(3), by striking “2020, and each of the 4 succeeding academic years” and inserting “2025, and each succeeding academic year”; and

(A) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking “$40,000,000 not later than October 1, 2019,” and inserting “$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter,”; and

Section 1447(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b(b)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1447B(d) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b–2(d)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1449 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222d) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Not less frequently than once each fiscal year, a State shall submit to the Secretary an attestation that describes whether the State—

“(A) plans to fulfill the matching funds requirement under subsection (c) for that fiscal year; or

“(B) is unable to fulfill that matching funds requirement for that fiscal year.

“(2) LETTER.—Not later than December 31, 2025, and each year thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to each Governor whose State did not fulfill the matching funds requirement under subsection (c) for the prior fiscal year a letter that shall—

“(A) notify the Governor that the State did not fulfill that matching funds requirement; and

“(B) describe the amounts of matching funds received by 1890 Institutions and 1862 Institutions (as those terms are defined in section 2 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601)) in that State for each of the agricultural research, extension, education, and related programs described in paragraphs (1) through (3) of section 7116 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2207d).

“(3) PUBLICATION.—The Secretary shall make publicly available, on an annual basis, each attestation submitted under paragraph (1) and each letter submitted under paragraph (2).”.

Section 1450(d) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222e(d)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1455(c) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3241(c)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) In general.—Section 1458A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3292) is amended—

(1) by striking the section heading and inserting “International agriculture partnerships and grants program”;

“(d) Competitive grants for international agricultural science and education programs.—

“(1) COMPETITIVE GRANTS AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary may make competitive grants to colleges and universities in order to strengthen United States economic competitiveness and to promote international market development.

“(2) PURPOSE OF GRANTS.—Grants under this subsection shall be directed to agricultural research, extension, and teaching activities that will—

“(A) enhance the international content of the curricula in colleges and universities so as to ensure that United States students acquire an understanding of the international dimensions and trade implications of their studies;

“(B) ensure that United States scientists, extension agents, and educators involved in agricultural research and development activities outside of the United States have the opportunity to convey the implications of their activities and findings to their peers and students in the United States and to the users of agricultural research, extension, and teaching;

“(C) enhance the capabilities of colleges and universities to do collaborative research with other countries, in cooperation with other Federal agencies, on issues relevant to United States agricultural competitiveness;

“(D) enhance the capabilities of colleges and universities to provide cooperative extension education to promote the application of new technology developed in foreign countries to United States agriculture; and

“(E) enhance the capability of United States colleges and universities, in cooperation with other Federal agencies, to provide leadership and educational programs that will assist United States natural resources and food production, processing, and distribution businesses and industries to compete internationally, including product market identification, international policies limiting or enhancing market production, development of new or enhancement of existing markets, and production efficiencies.”; and

(4) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), by striking “$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “$20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”.

(1) Section 1459A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3292b) is repealed.

(2) Section 251(f)(1)(D)(vii) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971(f)(1)(D)(vii)) is amended by striking “section 1459A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3292b)” and inserting “subsection (d) of section 1458A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3292)”.

Section 1462A(e) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3310a(e)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1463 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3311) is amended by striking “2023” each place it appears in subsections (a) and (b) and inserting “2029”.

Section 1464 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3312) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1473D of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319d) is amended—

Section 1473E(d) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319e(d)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1473F(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319i(b)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1473H of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319k) is amended—

(2) in subsection (a)(6)(A), by striking “growing,” and inserting “growing (including water conservation technologies and innovation),”;

(A) by striking “pilot program” each place it appears and inserting “program”;

(I) by inserting “the long-term and high-risk technological” before “barriers”; and

(II) by striking “and resilience to extreme weather;” and inserting “water conservation, the reduction, avoidance, sequestration, or mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from the agriculture sector, and resilience to extreme weather, drought, infectious diseases, plant and animal pathogens, and plant and animal pests;”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting “or economic cost” before the period at the end;

(i) in clause (ii), in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking “advise the Chief Scientist on, and”; and

“(I) CHIEF SCIENTIST.—The Director shall work in close collaboration with the Office of the Chief Scientist.

“(II) OTHER PROGRAMS.—No other official who is the head of any other program of the Department of Agriculture shall report to the Director.”; and

(D) in paragraph (9), by striking the paragraph designation and heading and all that follows through “In carrying out” and inserting the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall establish and maintain within the AGARDA a staff with sufficient qualifications and expertise to enable the AGARDA to carry out the responsibilities of the AGARDA under this section in conjunction with other operations of the Department of Agriculture.

“(4) USE OF STRATEGIC PLAN.—The Secretary shall use the strategic plan developed under paragraph (1) and dated 2022 to inform the administration of the AGARDA under this section.”;

“(3) FUNDING.—In addition to funds otherwise deposited in the Fund under paragraph (1) or (2)—

“(A) there is appropriated to the Fund, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to remain available until expended; and

“(B) there is authorized to be appropriated to the Fund $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.”; and

Subtitle K of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3310 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“SEC. 1473I. Capacity building grants for community college agricultural programs.

“(B) a consortium or alliance of 2-year public colleges supporting agriculture advancement.

“(2) JUNIOR OR COMMUNITY COLLEGE.—The term ‘junior or community college’ has the meaning given the term in section 312 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1058).

“(b) Competitive grants.—The Secretary shall make competitive grants to eligible entities to assist the eligible entities in maintaining and expanding the capacity of the eligible entities to conduct workforce training, education, research, and outreach activities relating to the following disciplines:

“(c) Priority.—In making grants under subsection (b), the Secretary shall give priority to an eligible entity coordinating with a local stakeholder engaged in activities relating to 1 or more of the disciplines described in that subsection to provide experiential training and other opportunities for students.

“(d) Use of funds.—An eligible entity that receives a grant under subsection (b) may use the funds made available through the grant to expand and maintain the capacity of the eligible entity to conduct workforce training, education, research, and outreach activities relating to the disciplines described in that subsection by—

“(1) successfully competing for funds from Federal grants and other sources to carry out workforce training, education, research, and outreach activities relating to those disciplines;

“(2) disseminating information relating to those disciplines to interested members of the food and agricultural sciences, agribusiness, and farm business management communities and to the public;

“(3) encouraging members of those communities to participate in workforce training, education, research, and outreach activities relating to those disciplines through providing matching funding from sources other than funds received through the grant; and

“(A) the purchase or other acquisition of equipment and other infrastructure (not including the alteration, repair, renovation, or construction of buildings);

“(C) the development of apprenticeships and other work-based learning opportunities.

“(e) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”.

Subtitle K of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3310 et seq.) (as amended by section 7124) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, acting through the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, shall provide for the establishment and maintenance of a network of research corridors, each operated by an institution described in paragraph (2), for research and development on agricultural technology, to be known as ‘Agricultural Innovation Corridors’ (referred to in this section as ‘Ag Innovation Corridors’).

“(2) ELIGIBLE INSTITUTIONS.—An Ag Innovation Corridor shall be operated by any of the following institutions:

“(A) An 1862 Institution, an 1890 Institution, or a 1994 Institution (as those terms are defined in section 2 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601)).

“(B) An institution described in section 371(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).

“(3) GEOGRAPHIC AREAS.—An Ag Innovation Corridor shall be established in each of the following geographic areas of the United States:

“(1) To demonstrate new and emerging technologies as applied to agricultural and natural resource practices.

“(A) providing farms with internet service that is capable of a speed of not less than—

“(C) agrivoltaics systems for collocated agricultural and solar energy production.

“(3) To engage with rural and urban audiences regarding emerging agricultural technologies and educational opportunities.

“(4) To cooperate and collaborate with agricultural industry partners on emerging agricultural technologies and opportunities.

“(5) To advance research to find new technologies and practices to apply to agriculture and natural resources to increase sustainability, profitability, and conservation of resources.

“(6) To connect industry, researchers, and practitioners across geographical areas to share research, new ideas, and practices.

“(c) Activities.—The activities of the Ag Innovation Corridors shall include—

“(A) to develop novel agricultural technologies for use at regional and national scales; and

“(B) to evaluate the applicability and adaptability of those technologies to local conditions;

“(2) the establishment and maintenance of multiple sites or research centers that capture the diversity of agricultural production systems that function as a network;

“(3) engagement and education of rural and urban audiences regarding agricultural technologies; and

“(4) collaboration with agricultural industry partners at research centers and sites to develop and research new agricultural technologies and practices that increase sustainability, profitability, and conservation.

“(d) Coordination of research.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall—

“(1) coordinate long-term agricultural technology research to improve understanding within the Department of Agriculture of how technologies function at the field, regional, and national scales;

“(2) ensure that each research site included within an Ag Innovation Corridor conducts experiments with common goals and methods—

“(B) to enhance agricultural resilience and the capacity to mitigate and adapt to climate change;

“(C) to work with the agricultural industry to develop technologies that address the goals described in subparagraphs (A) and (B); and

“(D) to educate both rural and urban audiences on agriculture and new agricultural technologies;

“(3) make data collected at research sites included in Ag Innovation Corridors open to researchers and the public whenever practicable, and integrate data across the network and partner sites; and

“(4) provide infrastructure to research sites included in the Ag Innovation Corridors for data collection, common measurements, and data streams that complement other national networks, such as the National Ecological Observatory Network and the Long-Term Ecological Research Network.

“(e) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”.

Subtitle K of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3310 et seq.) (as amended by section 7125) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(a) In general.—The Secretary, in cooperation with the Forest Service, the National Agroforestry Center, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Agricultural Research Service, and the National Agricultural Statistics Service, shall conduct a national agroforestry survey every 3 years beginning in 2026.

“(b) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”.

(a) In general.—Section 1477(a) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3324(a)) is amended—

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “2023.” and inserting “2024; and”; and

(b) Indirect costs.—Section 1477 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3324) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(c) Indirect costs.—Effective beginning on the date of enactment of this subsection—

“(1) the limitation with respect to indirect costs under section 1462 shall apply with respect to awards made under this subtitle; and

“(2) the limitation with respect to indirect costs under section 1473 shall not apply with respect to those awards.”.

Section 1483(a)(2) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3336(a)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1484(a)(3) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3351(a)(3)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) Distance education grants for insular areas.—Section 1490(f)(2) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3362(f)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(b) Resident instruction grants for insular areas.—Section 1491(c)(2) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3363(c)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1624 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5814) is amended in the first sentence by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1627(d) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5821(d)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1628(f)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5831(f)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1629(i) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5832(i)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1635(b)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5844(b)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1641(c) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5855(c)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1671(g) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5924(g)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) In general.—Section 1672(d) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(d)) is amended—

“(9) COFFEE PLANT HEALTH INITIATIVE.—Research and extension grants may be made under this section for the purposes of—

“(A) developing and disseminating science-based tools and treatments to combat plant pests and noxious weeds (as those terms are defined in section 403 of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7702)) that impact coffee plants;

“(B) establishing an areawide integrated pest management program in areas affected by, or areas at risk of being affected by, plant pests or noxious weeds (as so defined) that impact coffee plants;

“(D) investigating coffee plant biology, immunology, ecology, genomics, and bioinformatics; and

“(i) factors that may contribute to or be associated with coffee plant immune systems;

“(ii) other serious threats to coffee plants, including the sublethal effects of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides on insects and plants beneficial to coffee plant growth; and

“(iii) the development of mitigating and preventative measures to improve habitat conservation and best management practices in coffee-growing regions.”;

“(11) MACADAMIA TREE HEALTH INITIATIVE.—Research and extension grants may be made under this section for the purposes of—

“(B) establishing an areawide integrated pest management program in areas affected by, or areas at risk of being affected by, invasive plant pests or noxious weeds (as so defined);

“(D) investigating macadamia tree biology, immunology, ecology, genomics, and bioinformatics; and

“(E) conducting research on various factors that may contribute to or be associated with macadamia tree immune systems, and other serious threats to macadamia trees, including—

“(i) the sublethal effects of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides on beneficial insects and plants to macadamia tree growth; and

“(ii) the development of mitigative and preventative measures to improve habitat conservation and best management practices in macadamia tree growing regions.”;

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (F) as subparagraphs (C) through (G), respectively; and

“(B) to review the effectiveness of current cattle fever tick eradication efforts in preventing and reducing the spread of cattle fever ticks;”; and

“(21) PFAS AGRICULTURAL EFFECTS RESEARCH INITIATIVE.—Research and extension grants may be made under this section for the purposes of carrying out research relating to—

“(A) the effects of perfluoroalkyl substances and polyfluoroalkyl substances (as those terms are defined in section 7331(2)(B) of the PFAS Act of 2019 (15 U.S.C. 8931(2)(B))) on agricultural land used for the production of crops and livestock, including cropland, grassland, rangeland, pasture land, cropped woodland, marshes, environmentally sensitive areas, and other land related to agricultural production, as determined by the Secretary; and

“(B) identifying methods to mitigate and remediate the impacts of perfluoroalkyl substances and polyfluoroalkyl substances (as so defined).

“(22) PEANUT AFLATOXIN RESEARCH INITIATIVE.—Research and extension grants may be made under this section for the purposes of—

“(A) pre- and post-harvest improvements in the peanut production, handling, and processing sectors to improve efficiency and manage aflatoxin;

“(B) advanced curing systems to minimize moisture variation of individual peanut kernels; and

“(C) other efforts that can lead to a reduction in the risk of losses due to mold and potential aflatoxin contamination in storage.

“(23) BIOCHAR RESEARCH INITIATIVE.—Research and extension grants may be made under this section for the purposes of—

“(A) assessing the soil carbon sequestration potential of various biochars and management systems integrating biochar use;

“(B) understanding how to use biochar productively to contribute to climate mitigation, crop production, resilience to extreme weather events, ecosystem and soil health, natural resource conservation, and farm profitability; and

“(C) delivering science-based, region-specific, cost-effective, and practical information to farmers, ranchers, foresters, land reclamation managers, urban land managers, and other land and natural resource managers and businesses on sustainable biochar production and application.

“(24) SPOTTED WING DROSOPHILA INITIATIVE.—Research and extension grants may be made and cooperative agreements may be entered into under this section to mitigate the negative effects of spotted wing drosophila.

“(25) SPOTTED LANTERNFLY CONTROL INITIATIVE.—Research and extension grants may be made under this section for the purposes of developing and disseminating research-based tools and treatments to combat the Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula).

“(26) WHEAT RESILIENCY INITIATIVE.—Research and extension grants may be made under this section for the purpose of building capacity to address emerging pest and disease challenges to wheat production throughout the United States.

“(27) INVASIVE SPECIES RESEARCH AND EXTENSION.—Research and extension grants may be made under this section for the purpose of supporting research projects at land-grant colleges and universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) to develop and apply methods to manage and eradicate invasive species of plants and animals, including through methods of biocontrol.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Research and extension grants may be made under this section for the purpose of developing and evaluating technologies to mechanize agricultural processes.

“(B) EMPHASIS.—In awarding grants under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may place emphasis on mechanizing the process for harvesting specialty crops.

“(29) AGRICULTURAL APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND EXTENSION.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Research and extension grants may be made under this section for the purpose of developing and evaluating agricultural uses of artificial intelligence.

“(B) EMPHASIS.—In awarding grants under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may place emphasis on uses of artificial intelligence that improve specialty crop production.

“(30) AQUACULTURE RESEARCH AND EXTENSION.—Research and extension grants may be made under this section for the purpose of supporting research projects at land-grant colleges and universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) to develop and apply aquaculture methods, including through the propagation and rearing of economically and ecologically valuable aquatic and marine species.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Research grants may be made under this section to a land-grant college or university (as defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) for the purpose of improving white oak species resiliency, health, and preservation.

“(B) PRIORITIES.—In awarding grants under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall prioritize research relating to the resistance of white oak to disease, pests, heat, and drought in cultivated, new, and old-growth white oak timber stands.

“(32) SUNFLOWER BREEDING INITIATIVE.—Research and extension grants may be made under this section for the purpose of developing sunflower hybrids adapted for United States growing regions.”.

(b) Pulse crop health initiative.—Section 1672(e)(5) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(e)(5)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(c) Training coordination for food and agriculture protection.—Section 1672(f)(5) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(f)(5)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(d) Pollinator protection.—Section 1672(g) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(g)) is amended in paragraphs (1)(B), (2)(B), and (3) by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2029”.

(e) Authorization of appropriations.—Section 1672(h) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(h)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 1672B of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925b) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “in each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023”; and

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraphs (A) through (G) and inserting the following:

“(I) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2029 and each fiscal year thereafter.”; and

The Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 is amended by inserting after section 1672B (7 U.S.C. 5925b) the following:

“(a) In general.—The Chief Scientist of the Department of Agriculture shall coordinate research, extension, education, and economic activities in the Department of Agriculture relating to organic agriculture.

“(1) assign an individual to serve in the Office of the Chief Scientist as an Organic Agriculture Research Coordinator (referred to in this section as the ‘Coordinator’) who shall be responsible for leading the efforts of the Chief Scientist in carrying out that subsection;

“(2) implement and coordinate organic agriculture research efforts of the Department of Agriculture;

“(3) establish annual strategic priorities and goals for the Department of Agriculture for organic agriculture research;

“(4) communicate such priorities and goals to each agency or office of the Department of Agriculture, organic agriculture stakeholders, and relevant grant recipients under programs administered by the Secretary; and

“(5) coordinate and identify all research on organic agriculture research needed and conducted by the Department of Agriculture and relevant grant recipients under programs administered by the Secretary to ensure consistency and reduce unintended duplication of effort.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, and every 5 years thereafter, in coordination with the roadmap for agricultural research, education, and extension described in section 7504 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 7614a), the Coordinator shall—

“(A) conduct a survey of all research of the Secretary relating to organic agriculture, including a survey of the acreage of certified organic agricultural land used by the Agricultural Research Service; and

“(B) submit to the Secretary a report containing the findings of the survey conducted under subparagraph (A), which shall include sections relating to the Agricultural Research Service, the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the Economic Research Service, the National Agricultural Statistics Service, and such other agencies of the Department of Agriculture as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

“(2) RECOMMENDATIONS.—The Coordinator shall include in each report submitted under paragraph (1)(B) recommendations relating to—

“(i) is applicable to agricultural producers that adhere to the requirements under the national organic program established under the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6501 et seq.); and

“(ii) would explore the new or enhanced research opportunities that could lead to new discoveries, foster innovation, improve technologies, and promote integrated systems approaches to assist—

“(IV) transitioning-to-organic agricultural producers, including with respect to barriers to transitioning to organic production and producers who have considered transitioning to organic production but decided not to do so; and

“(B) strategies to increase the coordination and effectiveness of projects carried out by the Secretary that are applicable to organic production and that would improve the efficiency, productivity, profitability, and ecosystem services of organic crop and livestock production.

“(3) REVIEW OF PRIOR REPORT.—The Coordinator shall include in each report submitted under paragraph (1)(B)—

“(A) a review of the recommendations described in paragraph (2) included in the prior report submitted under paragraph (1)(B); and

“(4) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Secretary shall make each report received under paragraph (1)(B) publicly available.”.

Section 1672D(d)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925f(d)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) In general.—Section 1672E of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925g) is amended—

(B) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

“(9) managing waste streams of production practices to improve the environmental impact of urban, indoor, and other emerging agricultural practices.”; and

(b) Data collection.—Section 7212(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4812) is amended—

(A) by striking “Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the” and inserting “The”; and

(B) by striking “the census of agriculture conducted in the calendar year 2017” and inserting “each census of agriculture”; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “$14,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2019 through 2021” and inserting “$18,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended”.

Section 1673 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5926) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by striking “Excellence.” and inserting “Excellence at 1890 Institutions.”;

(3) in subsection (d), by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through “The Secretary” in paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

(C) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as subsections (b) through (d), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (F) as paragraphs (1) through (6), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) by striking “paragraph (1)” each place it appears and inserting “subsection (a)”; and

“(7) CLIMATE CHANGE.—A center of excellence established under subsection (a) may focus on climate change adaption and mitigation, soil health and carbon sequestration, nutrient and manure management, advanced grazing management and crop-livestock integration, perennial production systems, agroforestry, on-farm and food system energy efficiency and renewable energy production, and food waste reduction.

“(8) FORESTRY RESILIENCE AND CONSERVATION.—A center of excellence established under subsection (a) may focus on fostering forest conservation, agroforestry, enhancing forest resilience, and urban and community forestry programs to promote biodiversity and environmental health.

“(9) FOOD SAFETY, BIOPROCESSING, AND VALUE-ADDED AGRICULTURE.—A center of excellence established under subsection (a) may focus on food safety, bioprocessing, value-added agriculture enterprise development, and innovative food and agriculture product development.

“(10) FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES.—A center of excellence established under subsection (a) may focus on the integration of the social sciences, including economics, psychology, rural sociology, and other social sciences and data sciences, into the food and agricultural sciences to develop comprehensive solutions to issues impacting underserved farmers and communities.”;

(6) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated), by striking “$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”; and

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, and indenting appropriately; and

(B) in paragraph (1) (as so redesignated), by striking “paragraph (1)” and inserting “subsection (a)”.

Section 1680(c)(1)(B) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5933(c)(1)(B)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 2381(e) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 3125b(e)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 405(j) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7625(j)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 406(f) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7626(f)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 408(e) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7628(e)) is amended—

(2) in paragraph (3), by striking “2023.” and inserting “2024; and”; and

Section 410(d)(2) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7630(d)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) In general.—Section 412 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7632) is amended—

(1) in subsection (f)(3), by striking “subsection (d) and (j),” and inserting “subsections (d), (j), and (k),”;

“(C) WAIVER.—The Secretary may waive the matching funds requirement under subparagraph (A).”; and

(B) in paragraph (4), by striking “the Initiative” and inserting “this section”;

(3) by redesignating subsections (j) and (k) as subsections (k) and (l), respectively;

“(j) Specialty crop mechanization and automation research and development program.—

“(1) ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSE.—The Secretary shall establish a competitive research and extension grant program to increase the competitiveness of specialty crops in the United States through the advancement and acceleration of mechanization and automation, under which the Secretary awards competitive grants to eligible entities—

“(A) to create or improve cost-effective mechanization, automation, and other innovations and technologies—

“(ii) to improve specialty crop farmworker safety and health or working conditions; or

“(B) to increase the adoption of specialty crop mechanization, automation, and other innovations and technologies by—

“(i) emphasizing adoption drivers, which may include connectivity, autonomy, reliability, durability, in-field validation, and cost-effectiveness; or

“(ii) investing in and developing human capital to increase the capacity of the specialty crop sector to work with new technologies; or

“(2) PRIORITY.—In awarding grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to proposals for projects that—

“(A) address the training or retraining of farmworkers to operate, repair, program, or otherwise maintain mechanization and automation solutions involved in the project; and

“(B) include explicit mechanisms to communicate the results of the project to producers and the public.

“(3) APPLICABILITY.—Subsections (a), (c) through (g), (i), and (l) shall apply to the program established under this subsection.”;

(5) in subsection (k) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (5), by striking “In addition to the amounts reserved under subsection (k)(1)(C), there” and inserting “There”; and

(I) in the subparagraph heading, by striking “Subsequent funding” and inserting “Fiscal years 2014 through 2024”; and

(II) by striking “fiscal year 2014 and each fiscal year thereafter” and inserting “each of fiscal years 2014 through 2024”; and

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry out this section $170,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter.

“(ii) ALLOCATION.—The Secretary shall allocate funds made available under clause (i) in accordance with the following:

“(I) SPECIALTY CROP RESEARCH AND EXTENSION INITIATIVE.—For the Initiative, not less than—

“(II) SPECIALTY CROP MECHANIZATION AND AUTOMATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.—For the specialty crop mechanization and automation research and development program established under subsection (j), $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

“(iii) REALLOCATION.—Any funds allocated under clause (ii)(II) that remain unobligated on the date that is 1 year after the last day of the fiscal year in which those funds are first made available shall be reallocated for the purposes described in clause (ii)(I).

“(I) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding paragraph (4), funds made available under clause (i) and allocated under clause (ii)(II) shall remain available until expended.

“(II) REALLOCATED FUNDS.—For purposes of paragraph (4), amounts reallocated under clause (iii) shall be considered to be made available for the fiscal year for which the amounts are reallocated.”;

(i) in the paragraph heading, by striking “for fiscal years 2014 through 2023”;

(iii) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”;

(D) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively.

(1) Section 1408A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123a) is amended—

(A) in subsection (a)(2)(A), by striking “(j)(3)” and inserting “(k)(3)”;

(B) in subsection (c)(5), by striking “specialty crop research initiative” and inserting “programs”; and

(2) Section 251(f)(1)(D)(x) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971(f)(1)(D)(x)) is amended by striking “specialty crop research initiative under section 412 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998” and inserting “programs under section 412 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7632)”.

Section 604(e) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7642(e)) is amended by striking “$2,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2023” and inserting “$5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”.

Section 614(f) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7653(f)) is amended—

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “2023.” and inserting “2024; and”; and

Section 617(f)(1) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7655b(f)(1)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 14112(c)(2) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8912(c)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 14113 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8913) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(2)(B), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”; and

Section 14121(b)(2) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8921(b)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 14122(e)(2) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8922(e)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 7502 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–246; 122 Stat. 2019; 128 Stat. 901; 132 Stat. 4817) is amended by striking “15-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act” and inserting “period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act and ending on September 30, 2029”.

Section 7522 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 5936) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)(1)(A), by inserting “, including crisis lines” before the semicolon at the end;

(2) in subsection (d), by striking “$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “$15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”;

“(e) Referrals to providers.—As part of the efforts of the recipient of a grant under subsection (a) to connect individuals to behavioral health counseling and wellness support and to ensure individuals have access to a comprehensive scope of mental health and substance use treatments and supports, when applicable, the grant recipient may establish referral relationships with—

“(1) certified community behavioral health clinics (as defined in section 1905(jj)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d(jj)(2));

“(2) health centers (as defined in section 330(a) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254b(a)));

“(3) rural health clinics (as defined in section 1861(aa) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(aa)));

“(5) critical access hospitals (as defined in section 1861(mm) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(mm))).

“(f) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall submit to Congress and any other relevant Federal department or agency, and make publicly available, a report describing—

“(1) the state of behavioral and mental health of individuals who are engaged in farming, ranching, and other occupations relating to agriculture, including farmworkers and food system workers; and

“(2) how the Department of Agriculture can improve coordination and cooperation with Federal health departments and agencies, including the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, to better address the behavioral and mental health of individuals who are engaged in farming, ranching, and other occupations relating to agriculture (including farmworkers and food system workers), such as coordination and cooperation on serving those individuals through existing national hotlines.”.

Section 7525(e) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 5937(e)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 7526(g) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8114(g)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(1) in subsection (d)(1)(B)(iii), by striking “annual report required in subsection (f)(3)(B)” and inserting “annual report and strategic plan required under subsection (f)(3)(B);”;

(II) in item (cc), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(dd) a description of all collaborative stakeholder engagements providing an opportunity for stakeholders to provide input on agricultural research priorities that were conducted in the preceding fiscal year.”; and

“(iii) STAKEHOLDER NOTICE AND ENGAGEMENT.—The Foundation shall publish an annual notice with a description of agricultural research priorities under this section for the upcoming fiscal year, including—

“(III) how the Foundation will communicate information about funded awards to the public to ensure that grantees and partners understand the objectives of the Foundation; and

“(IV) virtual and in-person opportunities for collaborative stakeholder engagement to provide input on agricultural research priorities.

“(iv) STRATEGIC PLAN.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, and every 5 years thereafter, the Foundation shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a strategic plan describing—

“(I) a forecast of major agricultural challenge opportunities identified by the scientific advisory councils of the Foundation and approved by the Board, including short- and long-term objectives;

“(II) an overview of the efforts that the Foundation has taken to be transparent in each of the processes of the Foundation, including—

“(aa) processes relating to grant awards, including the selection, review, and notification processes;

“(cc) coordination with the Department of Agriculture to minimize duplication and avoid conflicts; and

“(dd) plans to solicit and respond to public input on the opportunities identified in the strategic plan;

“(III) the financial goals and benchmarks for the next 5 years, including a detailed plan for—

“(aa) raising funds in amounts greater than the amounts required under subsection (g)(1)(B);

“(bb) soliciting additional resources pursuant to subsection (e)(4)(A)(iv) and paragraph (2)(A)(iii); and

“(cc) managing and leveraging such resources pursuant to paragraph (2)(A)(vii);

“(IV) the goals for the next 5 years relating to engaging stakeholders in providing input on agricultural research priorities; and

“(7) TRANSPARENCY.—To ensure transparency in the decision-making and grant-making process of the Foundation, the Foundation shall—

“(A) provide feedback to an individual or entity that submits a completed research concept for which the individual or entity has private funding but that does not receive a public match from the Foundation for the program or initiative;

“(B) provide feedback to one or more researchers who apply for but do not receive a research grant within a Foundation-led program or initiative; and

“(C) not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this paragraph, undergo a third-party strategic review to solicit feedback from the food and agricultural community on the quality of feedback provided by the Foundation.”; and

“(i) GENERAL FUNDING.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall transfer to the Foundation to carry out this section $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended.”; and

Subtitle F of title VII of the Agricultural Act of 2014 is amended by inserting after section 7603 (7 U.S.C. 3125a–1) the following:

“(1) 1862 INSTITUTION; 1890 INSTITUTION.—The terms ‘1862 Institution’ and ‘1890 Institution’ have the meanings given those terms in section 2 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601).

“(2) 1994 INSTITUTION.—The term ‘1994 Institution’ has the meaning given the term in section 532 of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103–382).

“(b) Cooperative agreements.—The Secretary shall support the provision of legal services to resolve ownership and succession on farmland, including heirs property and fractionated land, by entering into cooperative agreements with 1890 Institutions, 1994 Institutions, and 1862 Institutions that demonstrate the ability to provide such legal services through—

“(1) the law school of the 1890 Institution, 1994 Institution, or 1862 Institution; or

“(A) a nonprofit legal organization or community-based organization with experience providing such legal services; or

“(c) Priority.—In entering into cooperative agreements under subsection (b), the Secretary shall give priority to 1890 Institutions and 1994 Institutions.

“(d) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter.”.

Section 16(a)(2) of the Critical Agricultural Materials Act (7 U.S.C. 178n(a)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) Endowment for 1994 institutions.—Section 533(b) of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103–382) is amended in the first sentence by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(b) Appropriations.—Section 534(a)(1) of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103–382) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)—

(c) Institutional capacity building grants.—Section 535 of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103–382) is amended by striking “2023” each place it appears in subsections (b)(1) and (c) and inserting “2029”.

(d) Research grants.— Section 536 of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103–382) is amended—

(A) by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through “with—” in the matter preceding paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

“(b) Cooperative agreements.—A 1994 Institution that receives a grant under subsection (a) may conduct research described in that subsection under a cooperative agreement with—”; and

(B) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “at least 1” and inserting “1 or more”; and

(2) in subsection (c), in the first sentence, by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) Study.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States (referred to in this section as the “Comptroller General”) shall conduct a study of—

(1) the extension service needs with respect to Tribal lands and Tribal populations, regardless of the location of those populations;

(2) whether the cooperative extension program and the Federally Recognized Tribes Extension Program established under section 1677 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5930) are meeting those needs, including by examining, for the most recent 20 years—

(A) the total amount of Federal funding received in each State for extension services;

(B) the types of extension services, including extension services on agriculture, serving the Tribal population in each State and the amount of funding spent on each type of extension service in the State; and

(3) how the program established under section 1677 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5930) was established when that section was enacted by Congress and the significant changes to the operation and funding of that program since that enactment.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the completion of the study under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit a report describing the results of the study to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives.

(2) RECOMMENDATIONS.—If the Comptroller General finds under the study under subsection (a) that the existing cooperative extension program and the Federally Recognized Tribes Extension Program are not meeting the needs described in subsection (a)(1), the report under paragraph (1) shall include such legislative and other recommendations as the Comptroller General determines would result in a system under which those needs are met in an equitable and effective manner.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The term “4-H club” means a 4-H club recognized under the 4-H Program.

(B) INCLUSION.—The term “4-H club” includes an authorized agent of a 4-H club.

(2) 4-H EMBLEM OR NAME.—The term “4-H emblem or name” means the 4-H sign or emblem, consisting of a green four-leaf clover with stem and the letter “H” in white or gold on each leaflet, and the words “4-H”, “4-H Club”, and “4-H Clubs”, used to identify and distinguish the 4-H Program and the activities, clubs, members, goods, and services of the 4-H Program.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The term “4-H Program” means the youth development program of the land-grant colleges or universities, the Cooperative Extension System (as defined by the Secretary), and the Department of Agriculture.

(B) INCLUSION.—The term “4-H Program” includes an authorized agent of the 4-H Program.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The term “land-grant college or university” means an 1862 Institution, an 1890 Institution, or a 1994 Institution (as those terms are defined in section 2 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601)).

(B) INCLUSION.—The term “land-grant college or university” includes an authorized agent of a land-grant college or university.

(1) CIVIL ACTS.—Any civil act or action of the 4-H Program, a 4-H club, the Secretary, or a land-grant college or university taken with respect to the use of the 4-H emblem or name, or the recognition of any 4-H club, during the period beginning on May 8, 1914, and ending on the date of enactment of this Act, is deemed to be of legal force and effect and ratified as if section 1002(3) of the Clean Up the Code Act of 2019 (title X of division O of Public Law 116–260; 134 Stat. 2155) had not been enacted into law.

(2) EFFECT ON CRIMINAL LAW.—Nothing in this subsection affects the effect on criminal law of the repeal made by section 1002(3) of the Clean Up the Code Act of 2019 (title X of division O of Public Law 116–260; 134 Stat. 2155).

(B) grant authorizations to use the 4-H emblem or name, as provided by regulations issued by the Secretary.

(3) USE OF FEES.—The Secretary shall deposit into a special account any fees collected under paragraph (2)(B), the amounts in which shall remain available to the Secretary until expended, without further appropriation, for furthering the 4-H Program.

(1) PROHIBITION.—Whoever, other than the 4-H Program, a 4-H club, the Department of Agriculture, a land-grant college or university, and those authorized by them, uses in commerce the 4-H emblem or name or any reproduction, counterfeit, copy, or colorable imitation of the 4-H emblem or name to indicate membership in an association, organization, or other collective group, or in connection with the sale, offering for sale, distribution, or advertising of goods or services, on or in connection with which that use is likely to cause confusion, to cause mistake, or to deceive as to membership or participation in, an affiliation, connection, or association with, or authorization or approval by, a 4-H club or the 4-H Program, shall be subject to the civil action in paragraph (2).

(2) CIVIL ACTION.—The Attorney General on behalf of the Secretary, or contract counsel procured by the Secretary, may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court of the United States against whoever engages in any of the prohibited acts described in paragraph (1) for the remedies provided in the Act of July 5, 1946 (commonly known as the “Trademark Act of 1946” or the “Lanham Act”) (15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq.).

(1) PRIOR AUTHORIZED USES.—Nothing in this section makes unlawful the use of any emblem, name, sign, symbol, insignia, or words that was lawful on December 26, 2020.

(2) DELEGATION.—Nothing in this section limits the authority of the Secretary to delegate authority of the Secretary as otherwise authorized by law.

(a) Matching funds.—Section 3(d)(1) of the Hatch Act of 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361c(d)(1)) is amended by striking “agricultural research” and inserting “agricultural research, for graduate student tuition and fees,”.

(b) Use of funds.—Section 4 of the Hatch Act of 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361d) is amended, in the first sentence, by striking “administrative planning” and inserting “graduate student tuition and fees, administrative planning”.

(c) Payment of allotments to State agricultural experiment stations.—Section 5 of the Hatch Act of 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361e) is amended—

(1) in the second sentence, by striking “officer known as a director, and a treasurer or other officer appointed by the government board of the station” and inserting “officer, to be known as a ‘State Agricultural Experiment Station Director’, and a treasurer”; and

(B) by striking “director” and inserting “State Agricultural Experiment Station Director,”.

(1) by striking the section designation and heading and all that follows through “Subject to” in subsection (a) and inserting the following:

“(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Subject to subsections (b), (c), and (d), out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the competitive grant program under section 4 $2,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to remain available until expended.

(2) in subsection (a)(2) (as so designated), in the first sentence, by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) In general.—Subsection (b)(2) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(b)(2)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (A)(iii), by inserting “regionally adapted cultivar and breed development,” before “selection theory,”; and

(2) in subparagraph (B)(iv), by inserting “regionally adapted breed development,” before “selection theory,”.

(b) Report.—Not later than October 1, 2026, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report that provides information on all public cultivar and animal germplasm research funded by the Department of Agriculture, including—

(1) an assessment of the research funded by the Department of Agriculture relating to public cultivar and animal germplasm development;

(2) identified research gaps relating to public cultivar and animal germplasm development; and

(3) recommendations to improve coordination of all public cultivar and animal germplasm work across the Department of Agriculture, including engagement with relevant stakeholders.

Subsection (b) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(b)) is amended—

(A) in subparagraph (B)(i), by inserting “, including shellfish” before the semicolon;

(ii) in clause (viii), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(ix) measuring, monitoring, reporting, and verifying greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration.”;

(ii) in clause (v), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

“(vii) hydroponics, aquaponics, aeroponics, and other production technologies used in controlled-environment agricultural production; and

“(viii) food loss and waste prevention and reduction, including new technologies to extend shelf life and new opportunities for new upcycled food products.”;

(ii) in clause (viii), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(ix) workforce training, education, research, and outreach activities relating to the food and agricultural sciences (as defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)).”; and

“(G) AGRICULTURAL CLIMATE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION.—Agricultural climate adaptation and mitigation, including—

“(i) strategies for agricultural adaptation to climate change and drought, including strategies for small and medium-sized farms and ranches;

“(ii) on-farm mitigation strategies and solutions, including infrastructure, equipment, and ecosystems-based strategies;

“(iii) economic and social costs and benefits of adopting conservation practices to mitigate and adapt to climate change;

“(iv) ecosystem service co-benefits of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate change;

“(v) new technologies, methods, and models to measure and predict greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon sequestration; and

“(vi) the intersection of agricultural production, soil health, climate change, and human health.”;

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as subparagraphs (F) and (G), respectively; and

“(E) to a consortium of junior or community colleges (as defined in section 312 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1058)) that may partner with land-grant colleges or universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)), to carry out workforce training, education, research, and outreach priorities described in paragraph (2)(F)(ix).”; and

(3) in paragraph (11)(A), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Subsection (d)(6) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(d)(6)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 9008(h)(2) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8108(h)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) Authorization of appropriations.—Section 6 of the Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1675) is amended in the first sentence by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(b) Termination date.—Section 8 of the Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1671 note; Public Law 95–306) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 10 of the National Aquaculture Act of 1980 (16 U.S.C. 2809) is amended—

Section 1431 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1985 (title XIV of Public Law 99–198; 99 Stat. 1556) is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 308(b)(6)(A) of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 3125a note; Public Law 103–354) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) Definition of agrivoltaic system.—In this section, the term “agrivoltaic system” means a system under which solar energy production and agricultural production, including crop or animal production, occurs in an integrated manner on the same piece of land through the duration of a project.

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy and relevant experts, shall conduct a study on agrivoltaic systems that shall include—

(A) a review of the current research and gaps in research relating to the regional compatibility of different species of livestock with different agrivoltaic panel and agrivoltaic system designs, including—

(B) an assessment of animal breeding research needs with respect to beneficial and compatible characteristics and behaviors of different species of grazing animals in agrivoltaic systems;

(C) a review of the current research and gaps in research relating to the regional compatibility of different crop types with different agrivoltaic system designs, including—

(D) an assessment of plant breeding research needs with respect to beneficial and compatible characteristics of different crops, including specialty and perennial crops, in agrivoltaic systems;

(E) a risk-benefit analysis of agrivoltaic systems in different regions of the United States, including a comparison between the total greenhouse gas impact of agrivoltaic systems and solar energy systems that displace agricultural production;

(F) an assessment of the economic scalability of agrivoltaic systems across different agricultural land types, production systems, and regional markets;

(G) an assessment of the types of agricultural land best suited and worst suited for agrivoltaic systems;

(H) an assessment of how to best develop agrivoltaic systems on a national and local scale consistent with—

(I) an assessment of the unique risk management and crop insurance needs of agrivoltaic systems;

(J) an assessment of how Federal procurement of agricultural products could help build a market for agricultural products from farms with agrivoltaic systems; and

(K) an assessment of appropriate modifications to better incorporate agrivoltaic systems into existing Federal—

(2) 5-YEAR PLAN.—Based on the study under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall develop a 5-year plan for using the research, extension, outreach, conservation, and renewable energy activities of the Department of Agriculture to better support agrivoltaic systems that do not displace agricultural production.

(3) REPORT.—Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report containing the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1).

(a) In general.—The Secretary shall carry out, with the Secretary of Energy and the Director of the National Science Foundation, cross-cutting and collaborative research and development activities focused on the joint advancement of Department of Agriculture, Department of Energy, and National Science Foundation mission requirements and priorities.

(b) Memoranda of understanding.—The Secretary shall carry out and coordinate the activities under subsection (a) through the establishment of one or more memoranda of understanding, or other appropriate interagency agreements, with the Secretary of Energy and the Director of the National Science Foundation.

(c) Coordination.—In carrying out the activities under subsection (a), the Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of the National Science Foundation may—

(A) modeling and simulation, machine learning, artificial intelligence, data assimilation, large-scale data analytics, and predictive analysis in order to optimize algorithms for purposes relating to agriculture and rural energy, such as life cycle analysis of agricultural or rural energy systems;

(B) fundamental agricultural, biological, computational, and environmental science and engineering, including advanced crop science, crop protection, breeding, and biological pest control;

(D) advanced biomass, biobased products, and biofuels, including in collaboration with the activities authorized under title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101 et seq.);

(E) diverse feedstocks for economically and environmentally sustainable fuels, including aviation and naval fuels;

(F) colocation of agricultural resources and activities and ecosystem services with diverse energy technologies and resources, such as geothermal energy, nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, natural gas, hydropower, and energy storage;

(G) colocation of agricultural resources and activities with carbon storage and utilization technologies;

(H) invasive species management to further the work done by the Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds;

(I) long-term and high-risk technological barriers in the development of transformative science and technology solutions in the agriculture and energy sectors, including in collaboration with the programs authorized under section 1473H of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319k) and section 5012 of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 16538);

(J) grid modernization and grid security and resiliency for the purpose of improving and strengthening electric service in rural areas;

(K) agricultural and rural technology development, including manufacturing, precision agriculture technologies, mechanization and automation technologies, and technologies that strengthen the food supply chain;

(L) wildfire risks and prevention, including the power sector’s role in fire prevention and mitigation and wildfire impacts on energy infrastructure;

(M) technologies to address food and nutrition security, including food loss and waste; and

(N) other relevant topics, as jointly agreed to by the Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of the National Science Foundation;

(2) develop methods to accommodate large voluntary standardized and integrated data sets on agricultural, environmental, supply chain, and economic information with variable accuracy and scale;

(3) promote collaboration, open community-based development, and data and information sharing between Federal agencies, National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, nonprofit institutions, industry partners, and other appropriate entities by providing reliable access to secure data and information that are in compliance with Federal rules and regulations;

(4) support research infrastructure and workforce development as the Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of the National Science Foundation determine necessary; and

(5) conduct collaborative research, development, and demonstration of methods and technologies—

(A) to improve the efficiency of agriculture operations and processing of agricultural products; and

(B) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with such operations and such processing.

(d) Agreements.—In carrying out the activities under subsection (a), the Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of the National Science Foundation may—

(1) carry out reimbursable agreements between the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and other entities in order to maximize the effectiveness of research and development; and

(e) Report.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of the National Science Foundation shall jointly submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report detailing the following:

(1) Interagency coordination between each Federal agency involved in the research and development activities carried out under this section.

(2) Potential opportunities to expand the technical capabilities of the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Energy, and the National Science Foundation.

(5) Continuation of coordination activities between the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Energy, and the National Science Foundation.

(f) Research security.—The activities authorized under this section shall be carried out in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with the Secretary of Commerce that provides for coordination and collaboration between the National Institute of Food and Agriculture and the Economic Development Administration to—

(1) identify Economic Development Administration funding opportunities for cooperative extension activities at State cooperative institutions (as defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103));

(2) publish a list of the funding opportunities identified under paragraph (1); and

(3) provide targeted outreach to State cooperative institutions (as so defined) to ensure that the State cooperative institutions are aware of the funding opportunities identified under paragraph (1).

(a) In general.—Section 3(e) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1642(e)) is amended—

(A) by striking “their resources” and inserting “the resources of those forests, including forest carbon,”;

“(B) ADDITIONAL METHODS.—Under the program under this subsection, the Secretary shall carry out, as a data collection method—

(2) in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting “including with respect to available forest carbon data,” after “2 decades,”;

(A) in the second sentence, by striking “The standards” and inserting the following:

(B) by striking “(4) National standards and definitions.—To ensure” and inserting the following:

“(C) TERMINOLOGY.—The Secretary shall include a clear description of the definition of ‘forest’ used for purposes of reporting data from inventories and analyses of forests and the resources of forests under this subsection with—

“(ii) Renewable Resource Assessments prepared under section 3(a) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1601(a)); and

“(iii) any data or report provided to an entity outside the United States.”;

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection,” and inserting “In accordance with paragraph (7),”; and

“(D) the organization and procedures necessary to understand and report on changes in land cover and use;

“(E) the organization and procedures necessary to evaluate carbon-related data variables, including soil carbon, collected from forest inventory and analysis plots, timber products output studies, and national woodland owner surveys to ensure that carbon accounting information needs can be met; and”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall prepare an update to the strategic plan under paragraph (6) to include—

“(i) a plan to implement nationally consistent data collection protocols and procedures to improve the statistical precision of base program estimates;

“(iii) plans, including the identification of challenges, to collaborate with other Federal agencies, non-Federal partners, and the private sector to integrate existing nationally available data sets and best available commercial technologies, such as remote sensing, spatial analysis techniques, and other new technologies;

“(iv) a plan to increase transparency and clarity in reporting in accordance with paragraph (4)(C);

“(v) a plan to expand current data collection, further integrate remote sensing technology, or both, to include procedures to improve the statistical precision of estimates at the sub-State level;

“(vi) a plan to expand current data collection, further integrate remote sensing technology, or both, to include information on renewable biomass supplies and carbon stocks at the local, State, regional, and national levels, including by ownership type; and

“(vii) such other matters as the Secretary determines to be appropriate based on recommendations of the Forest Inventory and Analysis National User Group.

“(B) SUBMISSION.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives the update to the strategic plan prepared under subparagraph (A).

“(C) FURTHER UPDATES.—Not later than 5 years after the date on which the update is submitted under subparagraph (B), and every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall—

“(ii) submit the additional update to the committees described in subparagraph (B).

“(8) ACCESSIBILITY.—The Secretary shall ensure that data collected under this subsection is—

“(A) presented in a manner that is easily accessible to the general public and technical experts, including through tools to deliver smaller area estimates; and

“(B) collected and made accessible using means that ensure the confidentiality, in accordance with section 1770 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 2276), of—

“(iii) nonaggregated data from the timber products output survey carried out under paragraph (1)(B)(i).

“(9) CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION.—All data collected through the national timber products output survey and the national woodland owners survey under paragraph (1)(B) shall be considered confidential in accordance with section 1770 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 2276).

“(10) ANNUAL COMPILATIONS.—Annually, the Secretary shall prepare and make publicly available a compilation of national forest inventory and analysis forest statistics, which shall be similar to the tables contained in the Renewable Resource Assessments prepared under section 3(a) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1601(a)) and accompanied by relevant geospatial products.

“(11) REPORTS.—Each year, the Secretary shall publish as part of the forest inventory and analysis business report a detailed description of the progress of the Secretary in implementing the programmatic elements of the strategic plan described in paragraph (6), including—

“(B) how the program under this subsection leverages new technology, improves and standardizes collection protocols, and increases workforce capacity.”.

(b) Technical amendment.—Section 2(c) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1641(c)) is amended by inserting “of Agriculture (referred to in this Act as the ‘Secretary’)” after “the Secretary”.

(c) Remote sensing technologies.—Section 8632(1) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (16 U.S.C. 1642 note; Public Law 115–334) is amended by striking “technologies” and inserting “technologies, such as microwave, LiDAR, hyperspectral, and high-resolution remote sensing data, and advanced computing technologies, such as machine learning, for improved modeling, including to provide tabular statistical estimates and geospatial products,”.

(d) Authorization of appropriations.—In addition to amounts otherwise available, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out the amendments made by this section for each fiscal year.

Section 3 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1642) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) DATA COLLECTION AND MAPPING.—The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of the Interior, shall—

“(i) forest management activities conducted by the Secretary or the Secretary of the Interior, including fuel breaks and hazardous fuel reduction projects; and

“(ii) features on Federal land that are relevant in the event of a wildland fire, including functional roads and bridges, intact wetlands, and wet meadow systems; and

“(B) develop a publicly available map that indicates the management activities and features described in subparagraph (A).

“(A) DATABASE.—The database created under paragraph (1)(A) shall track the progress of the forest management activities described in clause (i) of that paragraph, including anticipated completion dates.

“(B) MAP.—The map developed under paragraph (1)(B) shall be updated biannually to indicate the status of the management activities and features described in that paragraph.

“(3) NON-FEDERAL COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall coordinate with non-Federal entities, including affected State fire protection agencies, to incorporate in the map developed under paragraph (1)(B) management activities or features referred to in that paragraph that were developed, are maintained, or otherwise occur on non-Federal land.

“(4) PROTECTED TRIBAL INFORMATION.—Information prohibited from disclosure under section 8106 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (25 U.S.C. 3056) that is included in the database created under paragraph (1)(A) shall not be made public.

“(5) TIMEFRAME.—To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall establish the database and map under paragraph (1) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this subsection.

“(6) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts otherwise available, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this subsection for each fiscal year.”.

(a) In general.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, in collaboration with the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, State foresters, and private sector partners, and in consultation with Indian Tribes, shall establish a publicly available platform to provide measurement, monitoring, verification, and reporting of data regarding the carbon emissions, sequestration, storage, and related atmospheric impacts of forest management and wood products.

(b) Activities.—In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary shall source data, information, and analyses from Department of Agriculture programs, including—

(1) the Forest Inventory and Analysis program, including the Timber Products Output Survey;

(2) Forest Service and Natural Resources Conservation Service soil carbon estimations;

(5) Department of Agriculture entity-level guidelines and subsequent revisions; and

(6) other relevant programmatic data, emerging science, and information sources that are published and made available by the Department of Agriculture.

(1) the above- and below-ground forest carbon stocks and stock changes associated with species composition, forest management regime, and landowner types, including small area estimations for regional and localized geographies across the United States, which shall be made available through the Forest Inventory and Analysis program updates and annual reports;

(2) the embodied carbon involved in the manufacturing of products, using data from published environmental product declarations and life cycle assessments, which shall be updated as new and more refined data becomes available;

(4) the carbon displacement of wood products, compared to other materials, using substitution factors.

(d) Timeframe.—To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall establish the platform under subsection (a) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

(e) Data collection.—The platform established by subsection (a) shall be distinct from the database established under subsection (f)(1)(A) of section 3 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1642).

(f) Authorization of appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.

In this subtitle, the term “National Forest System” has the meaning given the term in section 11(a) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1609(a)).

Section 108 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6518) is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 406 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6556) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 602(d)(2) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6591a(d)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) Study.—The Secretary shall seek to enter into a contract (referred to in this section as the “Contract”) with the National Academy of Sciences, or another nongovernmental entity that the Secretary determines to be most appropriate, under which the National Academy of Sciences or other entity, as applicable, not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, shall conduct, and submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the results of, a study to analyze the available resources that Federal agencies have to research, and find solutions to, nonnative invasive plants, insects, and pathogens.

(b) Recommendations.—The report submitted pursuant to subsection (a) shall include recommendations—

(A) establishing a national policy to effectively counter the threat posed to tree species and forest ecosystems by invasive species (as defined in section 1 of Executive Order 13112 (42 U.S.C. 4321 note; relating to invasive species)), including plants, insects, and pathogens, including preventing the introduction and spread of those invasive species, minimizing the damage caused by those invasive species, and restoring affected tree species to forest ecosystems;

(B) improving coordination and cooperation among Federal agencies with responsibility for management and repair of the decimation of tree species affected by invasive species and associated ecological destruction, including through activities of the National Invasive Species Council;

(C) addressing the low prioritization by the Federal agencies described in subparagraph (B) of invasive species affecting forests and trees;

(D) (i) identifying expertise and site and facility resources within the Federal agencies described in subparagraph (B); and

(ii) improving coordination among those agencies with respect to the management and repair described in subparagraph (B), including coordination with academic institutions and other appropriate nonprofit organizations;

(E) identifying opportunities for the National Invasive Species Council to increase the provision of advice and technical assistance relating to the control or prevention of invasive species and the restoration of native species, with an emphasis on services that are available, or could be made available through additional legislation, to the Department of Agriculture, including the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the Agricultural Research Service, the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the Forest Service; and

(F) (i) giving priority to the emergency response of the Department of Agriculture to an emergency relating to invasive species;

(ii) clarifying the coordination of the Department of Agriculture with other Federal agencies in responding to those emergencies; and

(iii) identifying funding levels sufficient to carry out responses to those emergencies; and

(c) Consultation.—The Contract shall require the National Academy of Sciences or other entity, as applicable, to consult with specialists in entomology, genetics, forest pathology, tree breeding, forest and urban ecology, and invasive species management.

Section 8302(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 3851a(b)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 202 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1712) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b), by inserting before the period at the end the following: “, in consultation with the governing body of any Indian tribe or Alaska Native Corporation that has—

“(1) rights or interests on the National Forest System land that may be impacted; or

“(2) access to participate in traditional or cultural practices, or in the protection of scared sites or resources, on the National Forest System land.”; and

(A) in the second sentence, by inserting “and consultation with the governing bodies of Indian tribes and Alaska Native Corporations,” after “appointed,”; and

(B) in the fourth sentence, by striking “State” and inserting “State, tribal,”.

(1) CENTER.—The term “center” means a center established under subsection (b).

(2) SECRETARY.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior.

(b) Establishment.—The Secretary shall establish 1 or more centers to train individuals in prescribed fire methods and other methods relevant to the mitigation of wildfire risk.

(c) Host institutions.—The 1 or more centers shall be developed in collaboration with 1 or more institutions of higher education and located at—

(1) Training individuals, including wildland firefighters, foresters, scientists, and land managers, to safely and effectively plan and conduct prescribed fires and vegetation management activities.

(2) Conducting research on the use of prescribed fire methods in tandem with other forest restoration methods to achieve greater forest health and resiliency outcomes, including coordinating with research stations, institutions of higher education, and Indian Tribes to include the latest research on—

(A) social science, human dimensions, and traditional ecological knowledge to best inform those aspects of prescribed fire; and

(3) Developing and advancing interdisciplinary science relating to wildfire, including social science and human dimensions of wildfire, in consultation with stakeholders who—

(A) will benefit from the outcomes of that science or use it to benefit populations at risk from wildfire; and

(B) will coordinate with 1 or more other centers in developing and advancing that science.

(4) Conducting ongoing and forward-looking needs assessments among stakeholders, including Federal and State agencies and Indian Tribes, to determine common need requirements and emerging challenges to reduce wildfire risk and adapt communities to increased risk from wildfire, including the following hazard-related focus areas:

(D) Firestorm weather forecasting and burn-area debris flow forecasting, including empirical and modeling research.

(5) Collaborating with Federal wildfire scientists at the Forest Service, the Department of the Interior, and other relevant agencies.

(6) Identifying, through a detailed engagement process targeting defined end-users, the requirements and delivery mechanisms for products and services that are practical and will have an impact on mitigating wildfire risk.

(7) Promoting technology transfer with pathways for dissemination, implementation, and application of research results on the ground, using and enhancing previous research.

(8) Ensuring the connectivity and interoperability of distributed services to maximize synergies and benefits across services.

(9) Developing open digital infrastructure to make research data, science, and models open for all sectors to use.

(10) Understanding the effectiveness of historical and current wildfire management and suppression strategies, including on wildfires that start in wilderness areas, wilderness study areas, or inventoried roadless areas.

(1) IN GENERAL.—In selecting the locations for the 1 or more centers, the Secretary shall prioritize locations—

(C) that would offer prescribed training in forest types not accessible through other Federal prescribed fire training centers.

(2) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary shall consult with the Joint Fire Science Program to solicit and evaluate proposals for the locations of the 1 or more centers.

(3) SELECTION.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, based on the consultation under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall select locations for the 1 or more centers.

(f) Authorization of appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each fiscal year.

(1) COVERED MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—The term “covered matching requirement” means a requirement under a program of the Secretary for wildland fire recovery for a State, Indian Tribe, locality, or individual to provide matching funds, in cash, for a project.

(2) COVERED WILDLAND FIRE.—The term “covered wildland fire” means a wildland fire that the Secretary determines to be a result of management activities conducted by the Secretary on National Forest System land.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The term “wildland fire” means any non-structure fire that occurs in vegetation or natural fuels.

(B) INCLUSIONS.—The term “wildland fire” includes wildfire, prescribed fire, and any direct or indirect damage resulting in watershed impairment.

(b) Waiver.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary may waive any covered matching requirement for a project in response to a covered wildland fire that is in an area affected by that covered wildland fire.

Section 8630(j) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (43 U.S.C. 1772 note; Public Law 115–334) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) In general.—In any special use permit or easement on National Forest System land provided to an electric utility, the Secretary may provide permission to cut and remove trees or other vegetation, including hazardous vegetation that increases fire risk, from within 150 feet of distribution lines or transmission lines without requiring a separate timber sale, if that cutting and removal is consistent with—

(b) Use of proceeds.—A special use permit or easement that includes permission for cutting and removal described in subsection (a) shall include a requirement that, if the applicable electric utility sells any portion of the material removed under the permit or easement, the electric utility shall provide to the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, any proceeds received from the sale, less any transportation costs incurred in the sale.

(c) Effect.—Nothing in subsection (b) shall require the sale of any material removed under a permit or easement that includes permission for cutting and removal described in subsection (a).

Section 2A(f)(1) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2101a(f)(1)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 13A(l)(3) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2109a(l)(3)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 103(e)(5) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6513(e)(5)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 303 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6542) is amended—

(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (G) and (H) as subparagraphs (K) and (L), respectively; and

“(H) a local, regional, or other public entity that manages stormwater or wastewater resources or other related water infrastructure;

“(J) a local, regional, or other private entity that has water delivery authority;”;

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (7) as paragraphs (2) through (8), respectively; and

“(1) ADJACENT LAND.—The term ‘adjacent land’ means non-Federal land, including State, local, and private land—

“(A) that is adjacent to, and within the same watershed as, National Forest System land on which a watershed protection and restoration project is carried out under this section; and

“(B) the landowner of which consents to carrying out a watershed protection and restoration project on the land under this section.”;

“(2) REQUIREMENTS.—A watershed protection and restoration project under the Program shall be designed to—

“(A) protect and restore watershed health, water supply and quality, a municipal or agricultural water supply system, and water-related infrastructure;

“(B) protect and restore forest health from insect infestation and disease or wildfire; or

“(C) advance any combination of the purposes described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).

“(3) PRIORITIES.—In selecting watershed protection and restoration projects under the Program, the Secretary shall give priority to projects that would—

“(A) provide risk management benefits associated with drought, wildfire, post-wildfire conditions, extreme weather, or flooding, including minimizing risks to watershed health, water supply and quality, and water-related infrastructure, including municipal and agricultural water supply systems;

“(B) support aquatic restoration and conservation efforts that complement existing or planned forest restoration or wildfire risk reduction efforts;

“(C) provide quantifiable benefits to water supply or quality and include the use of nature-based solutions, such as restoring wetland and riparian ecosystems;

“(i) partners with demonstrated capacity and success in designing and implementing ecological restoration projects, wildfire risk reduction efforts, or post-wildfire restoration projects; or

“(ii) in the case of communities that have historically lacked access to adequate resources, partners with a strong likelihood of success in designing and implementing a watershed protection and restoration project;

“(F) include a contribution of funds or in-kind support from non-Federal partners in an amount greater than the amount required under subsection (g)(2); or

“(G) include such other characteristics as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—No project or activity may be carried out under this section on adjacent land unless the owner of the adjacent land provides express support for, and is a willing and engaged partner in, carrying out that project or activity.

“(i) the ownership of adjacent land on which a project or activity is carried out under this section; or

“(ii) the management of adjacent land on which a project or activity is carried out under this section, except during the carrying out of that project or activity.”;

(iii) by striking “with end water users” and inserting the following: “with—

“(B) end waters users to protect and restore the condition of National Forest watersheds and adjacent land that provide water for the benefit of another end water user.”;

“(D) in the case of an agreement with a State, a county, or an Indian tribe for a project carried out on National Forest System land, a good neighbor agreement entered into under section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a); or”; and

“(3) COOPERATION WITH NON-FEDERAL PARTNERS.—The Secretary shall cooperate with non-Federal partners in carrying out assessments, planning, project design, and project implementation under this section.”;

(A) in paragraph (2), by striking “shall be conducted” and inserting the following: “shall be—

“(A) designed to protect and restore ecological integrity (as defined in section 219.19 of title 36, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this subparagraph));

“(4) REDUCING REDUNDANCY.—An existing watershed plan, such as a watershed protection and restoration action plan developed under section 304(a)(3), or other applicable watershed planning documents may be used as the basis for a water source management plan under this subsection.”;

(5) in subsection (e)(1), by striking “purpose of—” in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and all that follows through the period at the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting “purpose of advancing any of the purposes described in subsection (b)(2).”; and

(i) by striking “at least equal to” and inserting “not less than 20 percent of”;

“(B) WAIVER.—The Secretary may waive the requirement under subparagraph (A) at the discretion of the Secretary.”;

(i) in subparagraph (B), by striking “$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “$30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”;

“(C) MANDATORY FUNDING.—There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter to carry out this section, to remain available until expended.

“(D) SET-ASIDE FOR PARTNER PARTICIPATION IN PLANNING AND CAPACITY.—Of the amounts made available under subparagraphs (B) and (C) to carry out this section for each fiscal year, the Secretary shall use not less than 10 percent for non-Federal partner technical assistance participation and capacity-building efforts in developing or implementing a water source management plan under subsection (d).”; and

“(5) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS.—The Secretary may include the value of forest restoration and watershed improvement work implemented on adjacent land in the project area in determining in-kind contributions from non-Federal partners under paragraph (4)(A).”.

Section 304 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6543) is amended—

(B) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(7) that ensures that management activities and authorizations do not result in long-term degradation of watershed health or lower the classification under paragraph (1) of any watershed in a National Forest.”; and

“(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter to carry out this section, to remain available until expended.

“(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”.

Section 8703 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (25 U.S.C. 3115b) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by striking “management demonstration project” and inserting “protection management activities and projects”;

(D) by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through “The Secretary” and inserting the following:

“(1) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘Indian Tribe’ means an Indian tribe included on the list published by the Secretary of the Interior under section 104 of the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 5131).

“(2) TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘Tribal organization’ has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).”;

(5) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “subsection (a)” and inserting “subsection (b)”; and

“(d) Publication of information.—The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary shall—

“(1) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, make available on the website of the Department of the Interior and the Department of Agriculture in an easily accessible format and location a list of the types of activities and projects that Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations may contract to perform under subsection (b); and

(a) In general.—Section 2(b) of the Tribal Forest Protection Act of 2004 (25 U.S.C. 3115a(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(4) INCORPORATION OF TRIBAL MANAGEMENT PLANS.—In developing and carrying out an agreement or contract under this section on receipt of a request from an Indian tribe, the Secretary shall incorporate into the agreement or contract, to the maximum extent that the Secretary determines is consistent with Federal law and the purposes of this Act—

“(A) Tribal forest land, agriculture, and rangeland management plans, including forest management plans (as defined in section 304 of the National Indian Forest Resources Management Act (25 U.S.C. 3103)); and

“(B) integrated resource management plans (as defined in section 4 of the American Indian Agricultural Resource Management Act (25 U.S.C. 3703)), excluding any Tribal codes that are expressly incorporated into such a plan, in effect on the Indian forest land or rangeland of the applicable Indian tribe.”.

Section 508 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6578) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by inserting “, to remain available until expended” before the period at the end;

“(d) Mandatory funding.—There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter to carry out this section, to remain available until expended.”.

(1) in subsection (c), by striking “Secretary” and inserting “Chief of the Forest Service”;

(i) in the matter preceding subclause (I), by inserting “subject to the terms of a lease under this section,” after “in-kind,”;

(iii) in subclause (III), by striking “or” at the end and inserting “and”; and

“(BB) on the unit and within the region of the National Forest System in which the administrative site is located; and

“(bb) support Forest Service activities occurring within the unit of the National Forest System in which the administrative site is located; or”; and

“(6) LEASE TERM.—The term of a lease of an administrative site under this section shall be up to 100 years.”;

(4) in subsection (i), by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2029”.

(a) In general.—Section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (4)(A)(iii), by inserting “, including activities by the Governor, Indian tribe, or county to build capacity to administer programs under good neighbor agreements,” after “any other activities”; and

(A) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting “, Indian tribe,” after “Governor”;

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Funds received from the sale of timber by a Governor, an Indian tribe, or a county under a good neighbor agreement shall be retained and used by the Governor, Indian tribe, or county, as applicable—

“(I) to carry out authorized restoration services under the good neighbor agreement; and

“(II) if there are funds remaining after carrying out subclause (I), to carry out authorized restoration services under other good neighbor agreements.”; and

“(i) NON-FEDERAL LAND.—Any authorized restoration services under a good neighbor agreement that are carried out on non-Federal land using funds received under subparagraph (C) shall be—

“(II) similar and complementary to services being performed on adjacent Federal land under the good neighbor agreement, which may include activities to build capacity to administer programs under good neighbor agreements.

“(ii) MAJORITY FEDERAL LAND.—At any time, not less than 51 percent of the land on which authorized restoration services are carried out under a good neighbor agreement shall be Federal land.”; and

(b) Conforming amendments.—Section 8206(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a(a)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(B), by inserting “, Indian tribe,” after “Governor”; and

(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section apply to any project initiated pursuant to a good neighbor agreement (as defined in section 8206(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a(a))) after the date of enactment of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4490).

Section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(A) COMPTROLLER GENERAL.—The term ‘Comptroller General’ means the Comptroller General of the United States.

“(B) PROJECT TYPE.—The term ‘project type’ means the type of activities described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of subsection (a)(4)(A).

“(2) STUDY.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, and once every 3 years thereafter, the Comptroller General shall conduct a study—

“(A) describing each project conducted under a good neighbor agreement since the date of enactment of this Act (Public Law 113–79; 128 Stat. 649) or the date of the last study conducted under this paragraph, if applicable, categorized by the project type;

“(i) the number of projects described in subparagraph (A) that have occurred exclusively on Federal land; and

“(ii) the number of those projects that have occurred on both Federal land and State, local, Tribal, or private land;

“(C) determining whether authorized restoration services were carried out under each project described in subparagraph (A), as required by subsection (b)(1)(A);

“(D) comparing the acreage of timber harvested under each project conducted under a good neighbor agreement with the total acreage treated under that project;

“(E) assessing how non-Federal partners use funds retained from the sale of timber under subsection (b)(2)(C), including—

“(i) a description of the projects conducted using those funds, categorized by the project type; and

“(ii) which projects described in clause (i), if any, have occurred on non-Federal land, including State, local, Tribal, and private land;

“(F) comparing the workforce conditions, pay, and diversity metrics for workers hired under Federal procurement authority, including those hired under the H–2B nonimmigrant program, to the workforce conditions, pay, and diversity metrics for workers hired under good neighbor agreements; and

“(G) assessing how good neighbor agreements contribute to ecosystem health and community safety.

“(3) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the completion of each study conducted under paragraph (2), the Comptroller General shall prepare and submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that contains the findings of that study.”.

Section 4003 of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (16 U.S.C. 7303) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)(3)(D), by striking “species;” and inserting “species or pathogens;”;

“(iii) include a Federal Government staffing plan for providing staff to support collaborative engagement and implementation of the strategy;”;

(ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

“(G) proposals that seek to reduce the risk of uncharacteristic wildfire or increase ecological restoration activities—

“(i) within areas across land ownerships, including State, Tribal, and private land; and

“(ii) within the wildland-urban interface (as defined in section 101 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6511)); and

“(H) proposals that seek to enhance watershed health and drinking water sources.”; and

(4) in subsection (e)(3), by inserting “conflict resolution or collaborative governance,” before “and woody”; and

(A) in paragraph (4)(B)(ii), by striking “$4,000,000” and inserting “$8,000,000”; and

(a) In general.—Title VI of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6591 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) CHIEFS.—The term ‘Chiefs’ means the Chief of the Forest Service and the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service.

“(2) ELIGIBLE ACTIVITY.—The term ‘eligible activity’ means an activity—

“(3) PROGRAM.—The term ‘Program’ means the Joint Chiefs Landscape Restoration Partnership program established under subsection (b)(1).

“(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Agriculture.

“(5) WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE.—The term ‘wildland-urban interface’ has the meaning given the term in section 101.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a Joint Chiefs Landscape Restoration Partnership program to improve the health and resilience of forest landscapes across National Forest System land and State, Tribal, and private land.

“(2) ADMINISTRATION.—The Secretary shall administer the Program by coordinating eligible activities conducted on National Forest System land and State, Tribal, or private land across a forest landscape to improve the health and resilience of the forest landscape by—

“(A) assisting producers and landowners in implementing eligible activities on eligible private or Tribal land using the applicable programs and authorities administered by the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service under title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.), not including the conservation reserve program established under subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D of that title (16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.); and

“(B) conducting eligible activities on National Forest System land or assisting landowners in implementing eligible activities on State, Tribal, or private land using the applicable programs and authorities administered by the Chief of the Forest Service.

“(3) AGENCY COORDINATION.—In carrying out the Program, the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service shall—

“(A) consider corresponding management plans from the Chief of the Forest Service; and

“(B) collaborate with the Chief of the Forest Service on forestry science and practice, using the best available science.

“(c) Selection of eligible activities.—The appropriate Regional Forester and State Conservationist shall jointly submit to the Chiefs on an annual basis proposals for eligible activities under the Program.

“(d) Evaluation criteria.—In evaluating and selecting proposals submitted under subsection (c), the Chiefs shall consider—

“(A) reduces wildfire risk and post-wildfire impacts in a municipal watershed or the wildland-urban interface;

“(B) was developed through a collaborative process with participation from diverse stakeholders;

“(C) increases forest workforce capacity or forest business infrastructure and development;

“(F) supports established State and regional priorities identified in the corresponding State forest action plan or a similar priority plan (such as a State wildlife or water plan); and

“(2) such other criteria relating to the merits of the proposals as the Chiefs determine to be appropriate.

“(1) public notice on the websites of the Forest Service and the Natural Resources Conservation Service describing—

“(B) the criteria for selecting proposals in accordance with subsection (d); and

“(2) information relating to the Program and activities funded under the Program to States, Indian tribes, units of local government, and private landowners.

“(f) Exclusions.—An eligible activity may not be carried out under the Program—

“(3) on any Federal land on which, by Act of Congress or Presidential proclamation, the removal of vegetation is restricted or prohibited; or

“(4) in an area in which the eligible activity would be inconsistent with the applicable land and resource management plan.

“(g) Reports.—For each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, the Chiefs shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report describing projects for which funding is provided under the Program, including the status and outcomes of those projects.

“(1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the Program $90,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

“(2) ADDITIONAL FUNDS.—In addition to the funds described in paragraph (1), the Secretary may obligate available funds from accounts used to carry out the existing Joint Chiefs’ Landscape Restoration Partnership prior to November 15, 2021, to carry out the Program.

“(3) DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDS.—Of the funds made available under paragraph (1)—

“(A) not less than 40 percent shall be allocated to carry out eligible activities through the Natural Resources Conservation Service;

“(B) not less than 40 percent shall be allocated to carry out eligible activities through the Forest Service; and

“(C) the remaining funds shall be allocated by the Chiefs to the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Forest Service—

“(ii) for other purposes, such as technical assistance, project development, or local capacity building.”.

(b) Conforming amendment.—Section 40808 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (16 U.S.C. 6592d) is repealed.

(a) Funding and administration.—Section 404(b) of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2204(b)) is amended by inserting “to carry out section 401” after “for a fiscal year”.

(b) Emergency forest watershed program.—Title IV of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2201 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) EMERGENCY WATERSHED PROTECTION MEASURES.—The term ‘emergency watershed protection measures’ means measures that—

“(A) are necessary to address runoff, soil erosion, and flooding caused by a natural disaster or any other natural occurrence that has caused a sudden impairment to natural resources on National Forest System land, and the damage, if not treated—

“(i) would significantly impair or endanger the natural resources on the National Forest System land; and

“(ii) would pose an immediate risk to water resources or loss of life or property downstream of the National Forest System land; and

“(B) would maintain or restore forest health and forest-related resources on the National Forest System land.

“(2) NATURAL DISASTER.—The term ‘natural disaster’ has the meaning given the term in section 407(a).

“(3) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.

“(B) an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)); and

“(C) a water district, water conservation district, water utility, or special district.

“(b) Authorization.—The Secretary, acting through a sponsor, is authorized to undertake emergency watershed protection measures on National Forest System land.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may enter into an agreement with a sponsor, notwithstanding chapter 63 of title 31, United States Code, and make payments to the sponsor, on request of the sponsor, to carry out emergency watershed protection measures.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Following a natural disaster or natural occurrence that necessitates the carrying out of emergency watershed protection measures, the Secretary shall execute agreements under paragraph (1) as expeditiously as possible.

“(ii) TIMELINE.—An agreement under paragraph (1) shall contain a timeline for the sponsor to complete all emergency watershed protection measures not later than 2 years after the conclusion of the applicable natural disaster or natural occurrence, as determined by the Secretary, that necessitated the carrying out of those measures.

“(iii) CONTINUED MONITORING.—A sponsor that has entered into an agreement under paragraph (1) may monitor, maintain, repair, or replace emergency watershed protection measures for a period of not more than 3 years following the conclusion of the natural disaster or natural occurrence, as determined by the Secretary, that necessitated the carrying out of those measures when failure to do so would result in unacceptable risk to National Forest System land or downstream water users.

“(B) PAYMENTS.—The Secretary, in accordance with an agreement entered into under paragraph (1)—

“(i) may make partial payments prior to completion of the applicable project; and

“(ii) shall make final payment for the project not later than 30 days after the date on which the project is completed.

“(d) Waived matching requirements.—The Secretary shall waive any matching requirements for payments made under subsection (c)(1).

“(1) IN GENERAL.—A sponsor that carries out emergency watershed protection measures pursuant to an agreement under subsection (c)(1) shall not be required to indemnify the United States for any liability resulting from carrying out emergency watershed protection measures pursuant to that agreement.

“(2) SAVINGS PROVISION.—Nothing in this subsection precludes liability for damages or costs relating to the carrying out of emergency watershed protection measures by a sponsor pursuant to an agreement entered into under subsection (c)(1) if the sponsor acted with willful or wanton negligence or reckless conduct in carrying out those measures.

“(f) Assumption of risk.—A sponsor that carries out emergency watershed protection measures prior to entering into an agreement under subsection (c)(1) shall assume the risk of incurring any cost or liability resulting from carrying out those measures.

“(g) Authorization of appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.”.

Section 407 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2206) (as amended by section 2403(d)) is amended—

“(1) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, make available in an easily accessible format and location on the website of the Department of Agriculture a list of emergency measures for which nonindustrial private forest land owners may receive a payment under subsection (b); and

(C) a private nursery that has experience, as determined by the Secretary, growing high-quality native trees of appropriate genetic sources in bareroot or container stocktypes specific for reforestation, restoration, or conservation, including native plants and seeds that are of cultural significance to Indian Tribes.

(3) SEED ORCHARD.—The term “seed orchard” means a tree or native plant seed orchard.

(b) Partnerships, collaboration, and other assistance in support of nurseries.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall—

(1) partner with Federal and State agencies, Indian Tribes, institutions of higher education, and private nurseries to provide training, technical assistance, and research to nursery and tree establishment programs that support natural regeneration, reforestation, agroforestry, and afforestation;

(2) promote information-sharing to improve technical knowledge and practices and understand demands, climate change impacts, and other issues as necessary to address all facets of the reforestation supply chain;

(3) provide technical and financial assistance to international nursery and tree establishment programs through the Forest Service International Programs, the Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry;

(4) collaborate with other relevant Federal departments and agencies, including the Foreign Agricultural Service, the United States Agency for International Development, and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and international organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, to provide technical and financial assistance relating to nurseries and reforestation;

(B) leverage economic development assistance for work with private nurseries; and

(6) expand climate-informed reforestation supply chains through science and research, seed collection and storage, and nursery infrastructure and operations.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a program to provide grants to eligible recipients to support nurseries and seed orchards.

(2) ELIGIBLE PROJECTS.—An eligible recipient that receives a grant under paragraph (1) shall carry out a project that comprises one or more of the following activities:

(A) The development, expansion, enhancement, or improvement of nursery production capacity or other infrastructure—

(B) The establishment or expansion of a nursery or seed orchard, including by acquiring equipment for a nursery or seed orchard.

(D) The promotion of workforce development within any facet of the reforestation supply chain.

(d) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

Section 40804 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (16 U.S.C. 6592a) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(g) Contracts, grants, and agreements.—To carry out the ecosystem restoration activities described in subsection (b), the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, may enter into contracts, grants, or agreements, as appropriate, with State agencies, Indian Tribes, institutions of higher education (as defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a))), and multistate coalitions—

“(1) for the collection and maintenance of native plant materials, including material from managed seed orchards; and

Section 8643 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7655d) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by striking “Innovation” and inserting “Innovations”;

(2) in subsection (d), by striking “equal to the amount” and inserting “in an amount that is not less than 50 percent of the amount of Federal funds”; and

“(e) Mandatory funding.—There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 to carry out this section, to remain available until expended.”.

Section 9013 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8113) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by striking “Energy and Wood Innovation” and inserting “Facilities Grant”;

(2) in subsection (a)(4), by striking “Energy and Wood Innovation” and inserting “Facilities Grant”;

(3) in subsection (b), by striking “Energy and Wood Innovation” and inserting “Facilities Grant”;

(5) in subsection (d), by striking “exceed—” in the matter preceding paragraph (1) and all that follows through the period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting “exceed $3,000,000.”;

(6) in subsection (g)(2), by striking “25 percent” and inserting “50 percent”; and

“(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 to carry out this section, to remain available until expended.

“(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”.

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report—

(1) describing the projects in which the Department of Agriculture has used mass timber in the construction of Department of Agriculture facilities;

(2) describing the factors considered when determining whether to use mass timber in the construction of a Department of Agriculture facility; and

(3) identifying opportunities for the use of mass timber in the construction of new Department of Agriculture facilities and other Federal structures.

Section 1243 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 1642 note; Public Law 101–624) is amended—

(1) by striking the section heading and inserting “National and Regional Agroforestry Centers”;

(2) by redesignating subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) as subsections (b), (d), (e), and (g), respectively;

“(a) Definition of agroforestry.—In this section, the term ‘agroforestry’ means a management system that intentionally integrates trees and shrubs into crop and animal farming systems to build more profitable and weather-resilient farms, ranches, and communities, address natural resource concerns and conservation needs, and establish productive and sustainable land use practices, including—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “Semiarid” and inserting “National”;

(B) by inserting “(referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’)” after “Secretary of Agriculture”;

(C) by striking “Semiarid Agroforestry Research, Development, and Demonstration Center (hereafter referred to in this section as the ‘Center’)” and inserting “National Agroforestry Research, Development, and Demonstration Center”; and

“(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service and in cooperation with the Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, establish 1 or more regional agroforestry centers to advance agroforestry research, outreach, technical assistance, and adoption.

“(2) REGIONAL DIRECTORS.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service and in cooperation with the Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall appoint a regional director to manage and coordinate each regional agroforestry center established under paragraph (1).

“(3) LOCATION.—In selecting the locations for the 1 or more regional agroforestry centers under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall prioritize locations at which the Department has, on the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, at least 1 employee providing coordination among a diverse group of research institutions and other partners.”;

(i) by striking “Center” and inserting “centers established under subsections (b) and (c) (referred to in this section as the ‘Centers’)”;

(ii) by inserting “and organizations” after “nonprofit foundations”; and

(i) by striking “on semiarid lands that” and inserting “that build soil health and”; and

(ii) by inserting “, including agroforestry systems on semiarid land and other fragile agroecosystems where permanent woody perennial plant communities can enhance carbon sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas emissions” before the semicolon;

(C) in paragraph (3), by striking “forestry products for commercial sale from semiarid land” and inserting “agroforestry products for commercial sale”;

(ii) by striking “the Great Plains region” and inserting “particular regions”;

(E) in paragraph (5), by inserting “technical assistance, demonstration projects, and” before “technology”;

(F) by redesignating paragraphs (7) through (11) as paragraphs (8) through (12), respectively;

“(6) develop improved silvopasture, alley cropping, forest farming, multistory cropping, riparian buffer, windbreak and shelterbelt, and other perennial production and conservation systems and technologies to improve soil health, carbon sequestration, drought preparedness, soil and water conservation, environmental quality, and biological diversity;

“(E) insufficient research related to agroforestry systems, including silvopasture and alley cropping;”;

(I) in paragraph (9) (as so redesignated), by striking “on semiarid lands worldwide” and inserting “worldwide, including on semiarid land”; and

(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting “and data” after “information”;

(i) by striking “Secretary shall establish at the Center” and inserting “Secretary, in collaboration with the Economic Research Service and the National Agricultural Statistics Service, shall establish at the Centers”; and

(ii) by striking “forestry” and inserting “forestry, agroforestry,”; and

“(3) facilitate agroforestry adoption by disseminating comprehensive information and data on Federal, State, local, and Tribal programs that provide support for agroforestry.”;

“(f) Grants.—The Secretary shall establish at the Centers regional grant programs to support agroforestry projects, including demonstration farms.”; and

(A) by striking “There are” and inserting “In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is”; and

(B) by striking “$5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023” and inserting “$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”.

(1) ASSOCIATION.—The term “Association” means the American Forest Farming Association described in subsection (b).

(2) PARTNER INSTITUTIONS.—The term “partner institutions” means the 1 or more institutions of higher education with which the Secretary collaborates to establish the Association under subsection (b).

(3) SECRETARY.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary, acting through the National Agroforestry Center.

(b) Establishment.—The Secretary shall collaborate with 1 or more institutions of higher education with a history of engagement in agroforestry to establish an American Forest Farming Association.

(1) be composed of a network of forest farmers, institutions of higher education, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and private industry; and

(A) to support the advancement of agroforestry production opportunities and capabilities among forest farmers; and

(B) to increase awareness, capacity, and long-term viability for the forest farming industry through education, networking, and conservation practices.

(A) convening regional and local agroforestry stakeholders to spread awareness of agroforestry-related activities nationwide;

(B) crafting policy notes to share best practices in cultivating various nontimber forest products across different regions;

(D) drafting science and technical agendas and working group training initiatives;

(E) leveraging production methods to improve price points in an emerging value-added market; and

(F) such other activities as the Secretary and the partner institutions determine to be appropriate.

(e) Consultation.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary and the partner institutions shall consult with—

(1) staff of institutions of higher education with experience in the agroforestry sector; and

(2) individuals from nongovernmental organizations and private industry that work with agroforestry products.

(f) Use of funds.—The Secretary shall use funds made available under subsection (g) to support the establishment and operation of the Association in accordance with this section, including for salaries and expenses of—

(g) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $200,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

(1) COVERED ENTITY.—The term “covered entity” means an eligible entity for which a bond, loan, or other investment vehicle is guaranteed under the program.

(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term “eligible entity” means a private entity, State forestry agency, or publicly supported, charitable nonprofit organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of that Code engaged in or seeking to engage in the aggregation of sustainable forestry practices implemented by rural private forest landowners to facilitate the sale of environmental credits in voluntary environmental credit markets.

(3) PROGRAM.—The term “program” means the Rural Forest Market Investment Program established under subsection (b)(1).

(4) RURAL.—The term “rural” has the meaning given the term in section 343(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)).

(5) VOLUNTARY ENVIRONMENTAL CREDIT MARKET.—The term “voluntary environmental credit market” means a voluntary market through which environmental credits may be bought or sold.

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a program, to be known as the “Rural Forest Market Investment Program”, to guarantee environmental impact bonds, loans, or other investment vehicles, as determined by the Secretary, issued for the sole purpose of financing eligible projects described in subsection (c), to enable rural private forest landowners and covered entities to participate in voluntary environmental credit markets.

(A) LOAN GUARANTEES.—The Secretary shall make available and administer guarantees on environmental impact bonds, loans, or other investment vehicles, as determined by the Secretary, through the facilities and authorities of the Under Secretary for Rural Development.

(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out through the facilities and authorities of the Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment the requirements and administration under this section of matters relating to forests, forestry, tree planting activities, forest product markets, the timber supply, appropriate activities to develop and carry out an eligible project, and activities to facilitate the participation of a rural private forest landowner or a covered entity in voluntary environmental credit markets, and as otherwise provided in this section, as determined appropriate by the Secretary.

(ii) COLLABORATION.—The Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment shall collaborate with the Under Secretary for Rural Development, including by providing information and technical assistance, to ensure that the making and administration of guarantees under this section is fully informed by the matters described in clause (i) and as otherwise provided in this section, as determined appropriate by the Secretary.

(3) CONSIDERATION.—In establishing the program, the Secretary shall consider ways to ensure that the program—

(A) minimizes disruptions to traditional forest products markets, including by—

(i) collecting data on commercially available timber that serves wood processing facilities, including—

(I) the quantity and species of timber supply available to wood products facilities in each of the 4 regions described in the most recent Renewable Resource Assessment prepared under section 3 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1601); and

(ii) using data collected under clause (i) to make a determination on whether financing each eligible project described in subsection (c) may impact commercially available timber supply;

(B) allows for the continued production of sustainable timber supplies by utilizing methodologies that consider the carbon storage benefits of wood products;

(C) allows for landowners who are not currently involved in traditional forest products markets, including those who have not historically accessed Department of Agriculture assistance programs, to participate in the program through activities such as conservation easements, reforestation, and other appropriate activities, as determined by the Secretary;

(D) facilitates participation opportunities for forest landowners, and ensures program access for those who have not historically accessed Department of Agriculture assistance programs; and

(E) is carried out in a manner that increases forestland values for participating landowners in ways that enable landowners of small-acreage forests to maintain—

(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), an eligible project referred to in subsection (b)(1) is a project developed by an eligible entity using methodologies that, as determined by the Secretary—

(A) IN GENERAL.—A covered entity shall use the bond, loan, or other investment vehicle guaranteed for the covered entity under the program for appropriate activities to develop and carry out an eligible project described in paragraph (1), as determined by the Secretary.

(B) ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR CERTAIN ORGANIZATIONS.—In the case of a bond, loan, or other investment vehicle guaranteed under the program that supports an eligible project described in paragraph (1), the Secretary may allow a portion of the amount of the bond, loan, or other investment vehicle to cover additional activities to facilitate the participation of the covered entity or a rural private forest landowner in voluntary environmental credit markets.

(C) PROHIBITION.—A bond, loan, or other investment vehicle guaranteed under the program shall not be used to create a floor price or artificial demand for the environmental credits generated under eligible projects described in paragraph (1).

(d) Requirements.—A project described in subsection (c) that includes the practice of tree planting may only be carried out, as determined by the Secretary—

(A) data collected through the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program of the Forest Service; and

(2) using tree species that are native to the region and at ecologically appropriate densities; and

(3) in a manner that does not create other negative impacts to biodiversity or the environment.

(e) Guarantee amount.—With respect to bonds, loans, and other investment vehicles guaranteed under the program, the Secretary shall guarantee not more than $150,000,000 in the aggregate.

(1) APPRAISALS.—The Secretary may require an appraisal of an eligible entity requesting a guarantee under the program, including to assess the creditworthiness of the eligible entity, by a specialized appraiser that uses standards that are similar to standards used for similar purposes in the private sector, as determined by the Secretary.

(2) FINANCIAL INFORMATION.—The Secretary may require financial information from an eligible entity requesting a guarantee under the program in the same manner as is generally required by commercial lenders.

(g) Auditing.—Not less frequently than annually, the Secretary shall conduct audits of each eligible project financed under the program to ensure that the methodology used with respect to the project continues to comply with the standards determined by the Secretary under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (c)(1).

(h) Regulations.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue regulations to implement the program.

(i) Termination of authority.—The authority to guarantee a new bond, loan, or other investment vehicle under this section terminates on September 30, 2029.

Section 8 of Public Law 88–657 (16 U.S.C. 538a) (commonly known as the “Forest Roads and Trails Act”) is amended—

“(B) solicit and consider public input regionally in selecting projects for funding under the Program by—

“(i) publishing annually for each region the list of projects considered for funding under the Program;

“(iii) considering public comments received under clause (ii) in selecting projects for funding;”; and

(i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting “annually for each region,” before “publish”; and

(I) by striking “description and the proposed” and inserting the following: “description of—

“(II) the public comments received with respect to each project considered for funding under the Program;

“(III) the ranking in the applicable region of each project considered for funding under the Program; and

(II) in subclause (IV) (as so designated), by striking “each fiscal” and inserting “the applicable fiscal”; and

“(f) Definition of region.—In this section, the term ‘region’ means 1 of the 9 regions of the Forest Service.”.

(1) within the parcel of State forest land, located in Henderson, Chester County, Tennessee, a recent survey by the State determined that Bethel Baptist Church is encroaching on State-owned land in Chickasaw State Forest by roughly 19 inches;

(2) that parcel was conveyed to the State by the United States Department of Agriculture, which retained a reversionary interest in the land; and

(3) it is necessary to release the interests of the United States in and to that land to resolve the encroachment issue described in paragraph (1).

(2) STATE FOREST LAND.—The term “State forest land” means the approximately 0.62-acre parcel of land in Chickasaw State Forest that is identified as “State Forest Land” on the map prepared by the Forest Service entitled “State Forest Land Detail Map” and dated December 13, 2019.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall release, without consideration, the reversionary interest of the United States in and to the State forest land described in paragraph (2).

(B) REQUIREMENTS.—Notwithstanding any requirements for any grant of land under section 32(c) of The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act (7 U.S.C. 1011(c)) or any other provision of law, the release under subparagraph (A) shall occur without any appraisal, other reports, or environmental or similar reviews being undertaken.

(2) DESCRIPTION OF REVERSIONARY INTEREST.—The reversionary interest referred to in paragraph (1)(A) is the reversionary interest of the United States in and to the State forest land that—

(A) takes effect on the State forest land ceasing to be used for public purposes; and

(iii) registered on pages 588 through 591 of book 48 of the record of deeds for Chester County, Tennessee.

(3) PAYMENT OF COSTS.—As a condition on the release under paragraph (1)(A), the State shall pay to the United States any administrative costs incurred by the United States in carrying out the release.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any requirements for conveyance of Federal mineral interests in section 209 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1719), part 2720 of title 43, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), or any other provision of law, the Secretary shall convey to the State, by quitclaim deed, without warranty, and without consideration, the mineral interest owned in the State forest land by the United States.

(2) REQUIREMENTS.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the conveyance under paragraph (1) shall occur—

(A) without any exploratory program as to the character of the mineral deposits in the land;

(B) without any findings as to known mineral values and mineral development of the land; and

(3) PAYMENT OF COSTS.—As a condition on the conveyance under paragraph (1), the State shall pay to the United States any administrative costs incurred by the United States in carrying out the conveyance.

(a) Rough mountain addition.—Section 1 of Public Law 100–326 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; 102 Stat. 584; 114 Stat. 2057; 123 Stat. 1002) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(21) ROUGH MOUNTAIN ADDITION.—Certain land in the George Washington National Forest comprising approximately 1,000 acres, as generally depicted as the ‘Rough Mountain Addition’ on the map entitled ‘GEORGE WASHINGTON NATIONAL FOREST – South half – Alternative I – Selected Alternative Management Prescriptions – Land and Resources Management Plan Final Environmental Impact Statement’ and dated March 4, 2014, which is incorporated in the Rough Mountain Wilderness Area designated by paragraph (1).”.

(1) POTENTIAL WILDERNESS DESIGNATION.—In furtherance of the purposes of the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.), certain land in the George Washington National Forest comprising approximately 4,600 acres, as generally depicted as the “Rich Hole Addition” on the map entitled “GEORGE WASHINGTON NATIONAL FOREST – South half – Alternative I – Selected Alternative Management Prescriptions – Land and Resources Management Plan Final Environmental Impact Statement” and dated March 4, 2014, is designated as a potential wilderness area for incorporation in the Rich Hole Wilderness Area designated by section 1(2) of Public Law 100–326 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; 102 Stat. 584).

(2) WILDERNESS DESIGNATION.—The potential wilderness area designated by paragraph (1) shall be designated as wilderness and incorporated in the Rich Hole Wilderness Area designated by section 1(2) of Public Law 100–326 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; 102 Stat. 584) on the earlier of—

(A) the date on which the Secretary publishes in the Federal Register notice that the activities permitted under paragraph (4) have been completed; or

(3) MANAGEMENT.—Except as provided in paragraph (4), the Secretary shall manage the potential wilderness area designated by paragraph (1) in accordance with the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.).

(A) IN GENERAL.—To enhance natural ecosystems within the potential wilderness area designated by paragraph (1) by implementing certain activities to improve water quality and aquatic passage, as set forth in the Forest Service document entitled “Decision Notice for the Lower Cowpasture Restoration and Management Project” and dated December 2015, the Secretary may use motorized equipment and mechanized transport in the potential wilderness area until the date on which the potential wilderness area is incorporated into the Rich Hole Wilderness Area under paragraph (2).

(B) REQUIREMENT.—In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Secretary, to the maximum extent practicable, shall use the minimum tool or administrative practice necessary to carry out that subparagraph with the least amount of adverse impact on wilderness character and resources.

(1) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The term “Advisory Committee” means the advisory committee for the National Recreation Area established under subsection (c)(1)(A).

(2) MANAGEMENT PLAN.—The term “Management Plan” means the management plan for the National Recreation Area and Wilderness developed under subsection (c)(2).

(3) MAP.—The term “map” means the map entitled “Benjamin Harrison National Recreation Area and Wilderness Establishment Act of 2023” and dated March 27, 2024.

(4) NATIONAL RECREATION AREA.—The term “National Recreation Area” means the Benjamin Harrison National Recreation Area established by subsection (b)(1)(B).

(5) NATIONAL RECREATION AREA AND WILDERNESS.—The term “National Recreation Area and Wilderness” means the Benjamin Harrison National Recreation Area and Wilderness established by subsection (b)(1)(A).

(6) NONWILDERNESS CORRIDOR.—The term “nonwilderness corridor” means the land 100 feet in width from either side of the centerline of the existing trails and roads, as depicted on the map as “Non-Wilderness Corridor”, which is not included as part of the “Proposed Wilderness”, as depicted on the map.

(7) SECRETARY.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.

(9) WILDERNESS ADDITION.—The term “Wilderness addition” means the land added to the Charles C. Deam Wilderness by subsection (b)(1)(C).

(A) IN GENERAL.—There is established in the State the Benjamin Harrison National Recreation Area and Wilderness as a subunit of the Hoosier National Forest, consisting of—

(B) BENJAMIN HARRISON NATIONAL RECREATION AREA.—There is established in the State the Benjamin Harrison National Recreation Area, consisting of approximately 29,382 acres of National Forest System land depicted on the map as “Proposed National Recreation Area (NRA)”.

(C) CHARLES C. DEAM WILDERNESS ADDITION.—The approximately 15,300 acres of National Forest System land in the State generally depicted on the map as “Proposed Wilderness” shall be added to and administered as part of the Charles C. Deam Wilderness in accordance with Public Law 97–384 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; 96 Stat. 1942), consisting of—

(i) the approximately 2,028.8 acres of National Forest System land in the State generally depicted on the map as the “Deckard Ridge Units A, B, and C”;

(ii) the approximately 2,633 acres of National Forest System land in the State generally depicted on the map as the “Panther Creek Units A and B”;

(iii) the approximately 5,456.9 acres of National Forest System land in the State generally depicted on the map as the “Nebo Ridge Units A, B, C, D, and E”;

(iv) the approximately 2,141.4 acres of National Forest System land in the State generally depicted on the map as the “Browning Mountain Unit”;

(v) the approximately 2,161.9 acres of National Forest System land in the State generally depicted on the map as the “Hickory Ridge Units A, B, C, D, and E”; and

(vi) the approximately 878.3 acres of National Forest System land in the State generally depicted on the map as the “Mose Ray Branch Unit”.

(D) AVAILABILITY OF MAP.—Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall file the map, and make the map available for public inspection, in the appropriate offices of the Forest Service.

(A) the Wilderness addition (other than the nonwilderness corridors) in a manner that is consistent with the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.); and

(i) the protection of the water quality of the public water supply of Monroe Reservoir in the State in accordance with section 303(e)(1) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6542(e)(1)); and

(ii) the promotion of recreational opportunities in the National Recreation Area.

(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause (ii), the Secretary shall allow hunting, fishing, and trapping in the National Recreation Area and Wilderness.

(ii) LIMITATIONS.—The Secretary, in consultation with designees from the State Department of Natural Resources and the Corps of Engineers, may, for reasons of public safety, species enhancement, or management of a species listed as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), designate areas in which, and establish seasons during which, no hunting, fishing, or trapping is permitted in the National Recreation Area and Wilderness.

(iii) EFFECT.—Nothing in this section affects the jurisdiction of the State with respect to fish and wildlife in the National Recreation Area and Wilderness.

(I) in the National Recreation Area, continue to permit and provide for appropriate nonmotorized and motorized recreational uses, including hiking, viewing of nature and wildlife, camping, horseback riding, mountain biking, and other existing recreational uses; and

(II) permit the nonmechanized recreational use of the Wilderness addition, in accordance with the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.) within the boundary of the “Proposed Wilderness” indicated on the map.

(ii) LIMITATIONS.—The Secretary, in consultation with designees from the State Department of Natural Resources and the Corps of Engineers, may designate zones in which, and establish periods during which, a recreational use shall not be permitted in the National Recreation Area and Wilderness under clause (i) for reasons of public safety, species enhancement, or management of a species listed as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).

(iii) TRAIL PLAN.—Notwithstanding any provisions of the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.) or any other provision of law, the Secretary, in consultation with interested parties, shall establish a trail plan—

(I) to maintain existing mountain biking, hiking, and equestrian trails in the nonwilderness corridors; and

(II) to develop mountain biking, hiking, and equestrian trails in the National Recreation Area.

(i) WILDERNESS ADDITION.—Consistent with the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.), timber removal or management shall not be permitted in the Wilderness addition, except as the Secretary determines to be necessary for public safety and management of diseases, as described in section 293.3 of title 36, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation).

(ii) NATIONAL RECREATION AREA.—Vegetation management within the National Recreation Area shall be consistent with—

(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish an advisory committee to advise the Secretary with respect to the management of the National Recreation Area.

(B) MEMBERSHIP.—The Advisory Committee shall be composed of members appointed by the Secretary, from among—

(iv) local residents who own or reside in property located not more than 2 miles from the boundary of the National Recreation Area;

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a comprehensive management plan for the long-term protection and management of the National Recreation Area.

(III) after engaging with interested or affected federally recognized Indian Tribes, other Federal agencies, and State and local governments, including the State Department of Natural Resources;

(ii) address management issues associated with the National Recreation Area, including—

(IV) measures needed to protect the public water supply provided by Monroe Reservoir;

(V) the establishment, maintenance, and closure of camp sites, campgrounds, trails, and roadways; and

(I) measures to preserve and protect native and historical resources, flora, fauna, and recreational, scenic, and aesthetic values within the National Recreation Area; and

(II) measures to prevent degradation of the public water supply provided by Monroe Reservoir.

(1) NO ADDITIONAL FUNDS.—No additional funds are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section.

(2) USE OF EXISTING FUNDS.—This section shall be carried out using amounts otherwise made available to the Secretary.

(1) affects the Corps of Engineers use permits for flowage rights within the National Recreation Area and Wilderness established by the order entitled “Joint Order Interchanging Administrative Jurisdiction of Department of the Army Lands and National Forest Lands” (35 Fed. Reg. 10382 (June 25, 1970));

(2) prevents the Corps of Engineers from carrying out the water control management plan of the Corps of Engineers within the National Recreation Area and Wilderness as described in the Corps of Engineers water control manual;

(A) disposing of, or otherwise managing, real estate interests held by the Corps of Engineers as of the date of enactment of this Act; or

(B) acquiring additional real estate interests required to support the operation or maintenance of Monroe Lake;

(4) affects the use of motor vessels (as defined in section 2101 of title 46, United States Code) on Monroe Lake;

(5) results in the closure of any State or county roadway in the National Recreation Area and the nonwilderness corridors;

(6) precludes the ownership, use, or enjoyment of private land within the National Recreation Area and Wilderness;

(7) otherwise affects access to private land or cemeteries within the National Recreation Area and Wilderness;

(8) affects the access to land within the nonwilderness corridors and within 100 feet of the outer boundary of the Wilderness addition by any State or private entity or organization with a permit, special use authorization, or other right to access land within the Wilderness addition, as described in section 5(a) of the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1134(a)), for the purpose of maintaining infrastructure located within the Wilderness addition, including access by—

(9) affects the access to land within the Wilderness addition by the State Department of Natural Resources or appropriate public safety officers with the use of motor vehicles, mechanized equipment, or motorboats for emergencies involving the health and safety of persons within the Wilderness addition, in accordance with section 4(c) of the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1133(c)).

(A) IN GENERAL.—The term “National Scenic Area” means the Shenandoah Mountain National Scenic Area established by subsection (b)(1).

(i) any National Forest System land within the boundary of the National Scenic Area that is administered as part of the National Scenic Area; and

(ii) any National Forest System land within the boundary of the National Scenic Area that is administered as a component of the National Wilderness Preservation System under the amendments made by subsection (c).

(2) SECRETARY.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.

(4) WILDERNESS AREA.—The term “Wilderness Area” means a wilderness area designated by paragraphs (22) through (26) of section 1 of Public Law 100–326 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; 102 Stat. 584; 114 Stat. 2057; 123 Stat. 1002) (as added by subsection (c)).

(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Subject to valid existing rights, there is established the Shenandoah Mountain National Scenic Area, consisting of approximately 92,562 acres of National Forest System land in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests, as generally depicted on the map filed under subsection (d)(1)(A).

(A) to ensure the protection and preservation of the scenic quality, water quality, natural characteristics, and water resources of the National Scenic Area;

(C) to protect outstanding natural biological values and habitat for plant and animal species along the Shenandoah Mountain crest above 3,000 feet above sea level elevation, including the Cow Knob salamander;

(D) to protect forests in the National Scenic Area that may develop characteristics of old-growth forests;

(F) to provide for a variety of, and improve existing, recreation settings and opportunities in the National Scenic Area in a manner consistent with the purposes of the National Scenic Area described in subparagraphs (A) through (E).

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall administer the National Scenic Area in accordance with—

(ii) the laws (including regulations) generally applicable to the National Forest System.

(B) EXCEPTION.—Subject to valid existing rights, the Secretary shall administer the Wilderness Areas in accordance with the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.) and any other laws applicable to the Wilderness Areas, except that any reference in that Act to the effective date of that Act shall be considered to be a reference to the date of enactment of this Act for purposes of administering the Wilderness Areas.

(i) EFFECT.—The establishment of the National Scenic Area shall not affect the administration of the Wilderness Areas.

(ii) CONFLICTS.—In the case of any conflict between the laws applicable to the Wilderness Areas, the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.) shall control.

(i) IN GENERAL.—Nothing in this subsection creates a protective perimeter or buffer zone around the National Scenic Area or a Wilderness Area.

(ii) ACTIVITIES OUTSIDE NATIONAL SCENIC AREA OR WILDERNESS AREAS.—The fact that an activity or use on land outside the National Scenic Area or a Wilderness Area can be seen or heard by humans within the National Scenic Area or Wilderness Area shall not preclude the activity or use outside the boundaries of the National Scenic Area or Wilderness Area.

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in this subsection or under applicable law, the Secretary shall authorize the continuation of, or seek to improve, authorized recreational uses of the National Scenic Area in existence on the date of enactment of this Act.

(B) EFFECT.—Nothing in this subsection interferes with the authority of the Secretary—

(i) to maintain or improve nonmotorized trails and recreation sites within the National Scenic Area;

(ii) to construct new nonmotorized trails and recreation sites within the National Scenic Area;

(iii) to adjust recreational uses within the National Scenic Area for reasons of sound resource management or public safety; and

(iv) to evaluate applications for, and issue or deny, special use authorizations in connection with recreation within the National Scenic Area.

(C) REQUIREMENT.—Recreation within the National Scenic Area shall be conducted in a manner consistent with the purposes of the National Scenic Area described in paragraph (2).

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a National Forest System trail plan for National Forest System land in the National Scenic Area that is not located in a Wilderness Area in order to construct, maintain, and improve nonmotorized recreation National Forest System trails in a manner consistent with the purposes of the National Scenic Area described in paragraph (2).

(B) POTENTIAL INCLUSION.—The Secretary may address in the National Forest System trail plan developed under subparagraph (A) National Forest System land that is near, but not within the boundary of, the National Scenic Area.

(C) PUBLIC INPUT.—In developing the National Forest System trail plan under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall seek input from interested parties, including members of the public.

(D) REQUIREMENTS.—The National Forest System trail plan developed under subparagraph (A) shall—

(i) promote sustainable trail management that protects natural resources and provides diverse, high-quality safe recreation opportunities, which may include loop trails for nonmotorized uses;

(ii) consider natural resource protection, trail sustainability, and trail maintenance needs as primary factors in determining the location or relocation of National Forest System trails; and

(iii) develop a National Forest System trail outside the Little River Wilderness Area in the area of the Tillman Road corridor (along National Forest System road 101) to connect the Wolf Ridge Trail parking area to the Wild Oak National Recreation Trail, as generally depicted on the applicable map filed under subsection (d)(1)(B), pending completion of the required environmental analysis.

(E) IMPLEMENTATION REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that describes the implementation of the National Forest System trail plan developed under subparagraph (A), including the identification of the National Forest System trail described in subparagraph (D)(iii) and any other priority National Forest System trails identified for development.

(i) result in the closure of any National Forest System roads, as generally depicted on the map filed under subsection (d)(1)(A); or

(B) NO NEW ROADS.—No new roads shall be constructed in the National Scenic Area after the date of enactment of this Act.

(i) denies any owner of private land or an interest in private land that is located within the National Scenic Area the right to access the private land;

(ii) alters the authority of the Secretary to open or close roads in the National Scenic Area in existence on the date of enactment of this Act in furtherance of the purposes of this section; or

(I) to maintain the access road to the crest of Shenandoah Mountain (Route 924); or

(II) to realign the access road described in subclause (I) if necessary for reasons of sound resource management or public safety.

(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause (ii), the reconstruction, minor relocation, and construction of parking areas and related facilities within the National Scenic Area are authorized in a manner consistent with the purposes of the National Scenic Area described in paragraph (2).

(ii) LIMITATION.—Additional trailhead parking areas authorized in the National Scenic Area under clause (i) may be constructed only along National Forest System roads.

(7) MOTORIZED TRAVEL.—Motorized travel shall be allowed only on roads within the portions of the National Scenic Area that are not Wilderness Areas, in a manner consistent with paragraph (6).

(8) WATER.—The Secretary shall administer the National Scenic Area in a manner that maintains and enhances water quality.

(9) WATER IMPOUNDMENTS.—The establishment of the National Scenic Area shall not prohibit—

(A) the operation, maintenance, or improvement of, or access to, dams, reservoirs, or related infrastructure in existence on the date of enactment of this Act, as generally depicted on the map filed under subsection (d)(1)(A); or

(B) the establishment of new dams, reservoirs, or related infrastructure if necessary for municipal use.

(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), no harvesting of timber shall be allowed within the National Scenic Area.

(i) NECESSARY HARVESTING.—The Secretary may authorize harvesting of timber in the National Scenic Area if the Secretary determines that the harvesting is necessary—

(ii) FIREWOOD FOR PERSONAL USE.—Firewood may be harvested for personal use along roads within the National Scenic Area, subject to any conditions that the Secretary may require.

(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary may carry out activities necessary to control insect and disease outbreaks in a manner consistent with the purposes of the National Scenic Area described in paragraph (2)—

(B) LIMITATIONS.—For purposes of activities carried out under subparagraph (A)—

(II) to protect threatened, endangered, sensitive, or locally rare species, with biological control methods being favored; and

(ii) nonnative insects and diseases may be eradicated or suppressed only in order to prevent a loss of a special biological community.

(12) VEGETATION MANAGEMENT.—The Secretary may engage in vegetation management practices within the National Scenic Area in a manner consistent with the purposes of the National Scenic Area described in paragraph (2)—

(A) to maintain wildlife clearings and scenic enhancements in existence on the date of enactment of this Act; or

(i) expanding wildlife clearings in existence on the date of enactment of this Act; or

(A) IN GENERAL.—Nothing in this subsection prohibits the Secretary, in cooperation with other Federal, State, and local agencies, as appropriate, from carrying out wildfire suppression activities within the National Scenic Area.

(B) REQUIREMENTS.—Wildfire suppression activities within the National Scenic Area shall be carried out—

(i) in a manner consistent with the purposes of the National Scenic Area described in paragraph (2); and

(14) PRESCRIBED FIRE.—Nothing in this subsection prohibits the Secretary from conducting prescribed burns and necessary burn unit preparation within the National Scenic Area in a manner consistent with the purposes of the National Scenic Area described in paragraph (2).

(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to valid existing rights, all Federal land within the National Scenic Area is withdrawn from—

(v) designation of new utility corridors, utility rights-of-way, or communications sites.

(B) EFFECT.—Consistent with paragraph (6)(C)(i), the withdrawal under subparagraph (A) shall not deny access to private land or an interest in private land within the National Scenic Area.

(A) IN GENERAL.—As soon as practicable after the date of the completion of the National Forest System trail plan under paragraph (5), but not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop as an amendment to the land management plan for the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests a management plan for the National Scenic Area that is consistent with this subsection.

(B) EFFECT.—Nothing in this paragraph requires the Secretary to revise the land management plan for the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests under section 6 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1604).

(c) Designation of wilderness areas.—Section 1 of Public Law 100–326 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; 102 Stat. 584; 114 Stat. 2057; 123 Stat. 1002) (as amended by section 8402(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(22) SKIDMORE FORK WILDERNESS.—Certain National Forest System land in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests comprising approximately 5,088 acres, as generally depicted on the applicable map filed under section 8404(d)(1)(B) of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, which shall be known as the ‘Skidmore Fork Wilderness’.

“(23) RAMSEYS DRAFT WILDERNESS ADDITION.—Certain National Forest System land in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests comprising approximately 6,961 acres, as generally depicted on the applicable map filed under section 8404(d)(1)(B) of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, which shall be incorporated into the Ramseys Draft Wilderness designated by Public Law 98–586 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; 98 Stat. 3106).

“(24) LYNN HOLLOW WILDERNESS.—Certain National Forest System land in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests comprising approximately 3,568 acres, as generally depicted on the applicable map filed under section 8404(d)(1)(B) of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, which shall be known as the ‘Lynn Hollow Wilderness’.

“(25) LITTLE RIVER WILDERNESS.—Certain National Forest System land in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests comprising approximately 12,461 acres, as generally depicted on the applicable map filed under section 8404(d)(1)(B) of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, which shall be known as the ‘Little River Wilderness’.

“(26) BEECH LICK KNOB WILDERNESS.—Certain National Forest System land in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests comprising approximately 5,779 acres, as generally depicted on the applicable map filed under section 8404(d)(1)(B) of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, which shall be known as the ‘Beech Lick Knob Wilderness’.”.

(1) FILING.—As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall file with the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives maps and boundary descriptions of—

(2) FORCE AND EFFECT.—The maps and boundary descriptions filed under paragraph (1) shall have the same force and effect as if included in this section, except that the Secretary may correct clerical and typographical errors in the maps and boundary descriptions.

(3) MAPS CONTROL.—In the case of any discrepancy between the acreage of the National Scenic Area or a Wilderness Area and the applicable map filed under paragraph (1), the applicable map filed under that paragraph shall control.

(4) AVAILABILITY.—The maps and boundary descriptions filed under paragraph (1) shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Chief of the Forest Service.

(a) Additions to flatside wilderness.—Section 3(d) of Arkansas Wilderness Act of 1984 (Public Law 98–508; 98 Stat. 2349; 132 Stat. 5520) is amended—

(2) by inserting “and certain land in the Ouachita National Forest, which comprise approximately 2,215 acres, generally depicted as ‘Land Proposed for Wilderness Designation’ on the map entitled ‘Flatside Wilderness, Proposed Addition Designation’, dated September 29, 2022,” after “2018,”.

(b) Fire, insects, and diseases.—Nothing in this section or the amendment made by subsection (a) shall be construed to limit the authority of the Secretary under section 4(d)(1) of the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1133(d)(1)) in accordance with existing laws (including regulations).

(1) IN GENERAL.—The wilderness designated by section 3(d) of Arkansas Wilderness Act of 1984 (Public Law 98–508; 98 Stat. 2349) shall be known as the “Flatside-Bethune Wilderness”.

(2) REFERENCES.—Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document, paper, or other record of the United States to the Flatside Wilderness shall be deemed to be a reference to the “Flatside-Bethune Wilderness”.

(1) DESIGNATED NATURAL AREA.—The term “designated natural area” means an area determined to be of exceptional ecological, botanical, geologic, scenic, or archeological value by—

(ii) the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the National Park Service.

(2) DESIGNATED RESEARCH NATURAL AREA.—The term “designated research natural area” means an area that has been selected by the Secretary, and is managed by the Forest Service, for scientific research value.

(3) MAP.—The term “map” means the map prepared and submitted by the Forest Service under subsection (e)(1).

(4) SECRETARY.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.

(5) SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA.—The term “Special Management Area” means a Special Management Area established by subsection (c)(1).

(1) ADDITION TO THE NATIONAL WILDERNESS PRESERVATION SYSTEM.—In accordance with the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.), certain land in the Shawnee National Forest in the State of Illinois managed by the Forest Service, comprising approximately 750 acres and generally depicted on the map, is designated as wilderness and as a component of the National Wilderness Preservation System, and shall be known as the “Camp Hutchins Wilderness”.

(2) MANAGEMENT.—Subject to valid existing rights, the Camp Hutchins Wilderness shall be administered by the Secretary in accordance with the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.), except that any reference in that Act to the effective date shall be considered to be a reference to the date of enactment of this Act.

(3) HIKING TRAIL.—Forest Road 211 shall be closed to public vehicular traffic and shall be maintained as a hiking trail, including the eastern extension of Forest Road 211 formerly known as the “Hutchins Creek Spur” up to the area known as “Hutchins Creek Corridor”, as generally depicted on the map.

(4) WITHDRAWAL.—Subject to valid existing rights, all Federal land within the Camp Hutchins Wilderness, including any land or interest in land that is acquired by the United States within the Camp Hutchins Wilderness after the date of enactment of this Act, is withdrawn from—

(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Subject to valid existing rights, the following Special Management Areas within the Shawnee National Forest in the State of Illinois are established:

(A) CAMP HUTCHINS SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA.—Certain Federal land managed by the Forest Service, comprising approximately 2,953 acres and generally depicted on the map.

(B) RIPPLE HOLLOW SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA.—Certain Federal land managed by the Forest Service, comprising approximately 3,445 acres and generally depicted on the map.

(C) BURKE BRANCH SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA.—Certain Federal land managed by the Forest Service, comprising approximately 6,310 acres and generally depicted on the map.

(A) to conserve, protect, and enhance the ecological, scenic, wildlife, recreational, cultural, historic, educational, and scientific resources of the Special Management Areas for the benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations;

(C) to allow for the continuation of restoration efforts and scientific study of the designated natural areas and designated research natural areas within the Special Management Areas.

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall administer the Special Management Areas—

(A) in a manner that conserves, protects, and enhances the purposes for which the Special Management Areas are established; and

(2) MANAGEMENT PLAN.—Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a comprehensive management plan for the long-term protection and management of the Special Management Areas.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall allow only uses of the Special Management Areas that are consistent with the purposes for which the Special Management Areas are established.

(B) PRESCRIBED FIRE.—The Secretary may use prescribed fire to sustain the ecological structure and composition of the Special Management Areas to sustain the biodiversity of the Special Management Areas.

(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may use herbicides, insecticides, and mechanized equipment in the control of fire, insects, disease, and invasive species, including the use of chainsaws, drones, aircraft, pickup trucks, all-terrain vehicles, and rubber and tracked vehicles to carry out management of the Special Management Areas approved by the Secretary.

(ii) REQUIREMENT.—In carrying out management of the Special Management Areas, the Secretary shall use the best available technology and science.

(D) MOTORIZED VEHICLES.—Except in cases in which motorized vehicles are needed for administrative purposes, emergency response, or access on established roads accessing trailheads, or are essential to provide off-road access for ecosystem management of habitat, the use of motor vehicles in the Special Management Areas shall be prohibited.

(E) ROADS.—The Secretary shall decommission and remove roads within the Special Management Areas, except roads needed for management or access to trailheads, as soon as practicable.

(i) IN GENERAL.—Commercial timber harvesting, except as needed for fire, insect, and disease control, and for visitor and administrative safety, in the Special Management Areas shall be prohibited.

(ii) ACTIVITIES PERMITTED.—Thinning of trees and other vegetation in the Special Management Areas shall be permitted for restoration of the designated natural areas and designated research natural areas and to further the management objectives described in this subsection.

(i) IN GENERAL.—Access to private inholdings in the Special Management Areas shall be preserved.

(ii) ACQUISITIONS.—The Secretary shall acquire any private inholdings in the Special Management Areas by purchase or exchange as soon as feasible.

(i) HUNTING.—Hunting shall be permitted in the Special Management Areas as permitted by the State of Illinois and in accordance with regulations of the State of Illinois and regulations of the Forest Service.

(ii) TRAPPING.—Trapping shall not be permitted in the Special Management Areas.

(iii) ACCESS BY MOTORIZED VEHICLES.—Access within the Special Management Areas by hunters in motorized vehicles shall be prohibited.

(i) VOLUNTEERS.—The Secretary shall allow organized groups of volunteers to participate in ecological restoration activities under the guidance of Forest Service ecologists and botanists within the Special Management Areas through cooperative agreements.

(ii) ACCESS FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES.—The Secretary shall allow access to the Special Management Areas for scientific research by qualified individuals and organizations, as determined by the Secretary.

(J) ONGOING MANAGEMENT DECISIONS.—The Supervisor of the Shawnee National Forest shall have the authority, without requiring the permission of the Secretary, to make management decisions concerning any designated natural area or designated research natural area within the Special Management Areas pursuant to the land and resource management plan for the Shawnee National Forest.

(4) WITHDRAWAL.—Subject to valid existing rights, all Federal land within the Special Management Areas, including any land or interest in land that is acquired by the United States within the Special Management Areas after the date of enactment of this Act, is withdrawn from—

(5) MAPS AND LEGAL DESCRIPTIONS.—As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives the maps and legal descriptions of each of the Special Management Areas filed under subsection (e)(1).

(6) PUBLIC INFORMATION.—Annually, the Secretary shall make publicly available on the website of the Shawnee National Forest information describing the progress in achieving the management objectives described in this subsection.

(1) IN GENERAL.—As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall file with the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a map and legal description that contains maps and boundary descriptions of—

(2) EFFECT.—The map and legal description filed under paragraph (1) shall have the same force and effect as if included in this Act, except that the Secretary may correct clerical and typographical errors in the map and legal description.

(3) AVAILABILITY.—The map and legal description filed under paragraph (1) shall be on file and available for public inspection in the appropriate office of the Secretary and on the Forest Service website.

(1) VERMONT WILDERNESS ACT OF 1984 AMENDMENT.—Section 102(1) of the Vermont Wilderness Act of 1984 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; Public Law 98–322; 98 Stat. 254) is amended by striking “known as the Breadloaf Wilderness” and inserting “known as the ‘Patrick Leahy Wilderness’”.

(2) NEW ENGLAND WILDERNESS ACT OF 2006 AMENDMENT.—Section 211(3) of the New England Wilderness Act of 2006 (16 U.S.C. 1132 note; Public Law 109–382; 120 Stat. 2675) is amended by striking “known as the ‘Breadloaf Wilderness’” and inserting “known as the ‘Patrick Leahy Wilderness’”.

(b) References.—Any reference in any law, map, regulation, order, document, paper, or other record of the United States to the Breadloaf Wilderness shall be deemed to be a reference to the “Patrick Leahy Wilderness”.

(1) DELI, INC..—The term “Deli, Inc.” means Deli, Inc., a sphagnum moss production business located in Millston, Wisconsin.

(2) DELI LAND.—The term “Deli land” means the approximately 37.27 acres of land owned or optioned to acquire, subject to the approval of the land exchange by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the Wisconsin Natural Resources Board, and the Governor of Wisconsin, in 2 separate parcels, by Deli, Inc., and located in Millston, Wisconsin, as depicted on the map and as described as follows:

(A) A parcel of real property containing approximately 31.3 acres (which includes land within the road right-of-way), together with any improvements—

(i) comprising the NE¼NE¼ sec. 29, T. 20 N., R. 2 W., Town of Millston, Jackson County, Wisconsin;

(II) a parcel 150 feet wide, with 50 feet lying to the northeast, and 100 feet to the southwest, of a line commencing at a point 5 feet east of the northwest corner of the quarter-quarter section described in clause (i), thence south 56° east 39' a distance of 222 feet, thence south 57° east 31' a distance of 1359 feet; and

(II) any easements or restrictions of record, public roadways, zoning and use ordinances, and the railroad right-of-way.

(B) A parcel of real property containing approximately 5.97 acres located in the SW¼SW¼ sec. 20, T. 20 N., R. 4 W., Town of Millston, Jackson County, Wisconsin, comprising lot 7 of Certified Survey Map No. 4483, as recorded in volume 19S of the certified survey maps, page 334, as Document No. 413440 in the Jackson County Register of Deeds.

(3) MAP.—The term “map” means the map entitled “Black River State Forest – Deli, Inc.” and dated June 26, 2023.

(5) STATE FOREST LAND.—The term “State forest land” means the approximately 31.83 acres of land located in the Black River State Forest in Millston, Wisconsin, as depicted on the map and as described as follows:

(i) comprising the portion of the E½SE¼ sec. 20, T. 20 N., R. 2. W., Town of Millston, Jackson County, Wisconsin, lying south of the Interstate Highway 94 southern right-of-way; and

(ii) excluding a triangular parcel in the southwest corner described as commencing at the southwest corner, thence east 260 feet, thence northwesterly to a point on the west boundary thereof 200 feet north of the southwest corner, thence south to the place of beginning.

(B) A parcel containing 8.70 acres comprising the portion of the NE¼NE¼ sec. 29, T. 20 N., R. 2. W., Town of Millston, Jackson County, Wisconsin, lying north of the railroad right-of-way, forming a triangular piece and described as commencing at the northeast corner of that quarter-quarter section, thence west 1010 feet to the north line of the railroad right-of-way, thence southeasterly along the boundary of the railroad to the east line of that quarter-quarter section, thence north on the east line 750 feet to the place of beginning.

(A) the State forest land is subject to a reversionary interest of the United States pursuant to section 32(c) of The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act (7 U.S.C. 1011(c)), requiring that the State forest land be used for public purposes in perpetuity; and

(B) the State and Deli, Inc. have agreed that the State will convey the State forest land in exchange for the Deli land, and the Deli land will be added to Black River State Forest in the State.

(2) CONDITIONAL RELEASE.—If the State offers in a written agreement to convey the State forest land to Deli, Inc., in exchange for the conveyance of the Deli land to the State—

(A) the reversionary interest of the United States in the State forest land shall be released; and

(B) the Secretary shall provide, as expeditiously as possible, recordable evidence of the release under subparagraph (A) in the form of a quitclaim deed, which shall—

(i) convey any interest of the United States in the State forest land without consideration; and

(ii) be provided to the State for recording before the exchange deeds are recorded.

(3) CORRECTIONS.—The Secretary, in consultation with the State, may make any necessary corrections to the legal description of the State forest land for purposes of the quitclaim deed described in paragraph (2)(B).

(1) is a scenic, nonmotorized trail that traverses approximately 287 miles over some of the most renowned forests and mountains in the States of Georgia, Tennessee, and North Carolina;

(2) showcases a wide variety of scenic views, including high-elevation peaks, mature forests, and secluded waterfalls;

(4) passes through 6 designated wilderness areas, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and the Chattahoochee-Oconee, Cherokee, and Nantahala National Forests;

(5) provides a wide array of easily accessible hikes for novice and intermediate hikers, as well as more challenging trails for backpacking;

(6) supports economic opportunities for numerous rural communities that benefit from the visitors to the Benton MacKaye Trail spending their money on accommodations, food, and outdoor supplies;

(7) runs from Springer Mountain in the State of Georgia, through the State of Tennessee, and extends through the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the State of North Carolina;

(C) the Benton MacKaye Trail has been successfully constructed, maintained, and managed by the Benton MacKaye Trail Association since 1980.

(b) Feasibility study.—Section 5(c) of the National Trails System Act (16 U.S.C. 1244(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Benton MacKaye Trail, a scenic, nonmotorized trail that traverses approximately 287 miles in the States of Georgia, Tennessee, and North Carolina.

“(B) STUDY.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with interested organizations (including the Benton MacKaye Trail Association), shall complete and submit to Congress the feasibility study for designating the Benton MacKaye Trail as a national scenic trail.”.

(a) In general.—Section 9 of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2105) is amended—

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), (5), and (6) as subparagraphs (A), (D), (E), and (F), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated), by striking “residents” and inserting “residents because—”;

“(B) the maintenance and management of an urban forest offers additional opportunities relating to workforce development and job creation;

“(C) the presence of a healthy and well-maintained urban forest can support stormwater management;”;

(I) by inserting “improving air quality,” after “heat island effect,”; and

(iv) in subparagraph (F) (as so redesignated), by striking “; and” and inserting “, including by improving the physical and mental health of community residents;”;

“(4) according to research by the Forest Service, the estimated value of benefits described in paragraph (2) exceeds $18,000,000,000;

“(5) urban forest canopy cover is inequitably distributed among racial groups and income levels, exacerbating disparities in exposure, for example, to the urban heat island effect, and increasing related health risks and financial burdens relating to cooling;

“(6) the effects of historical discriminatory policies, such as redlining, continue to have effects on urban environments;

“(A) urbanized neighborhoods with mostly people of color have 33 percent less tree canopy on average than majority white neighborhoods; and

“(B) low-income neighborhoods have 41 percent less tree cover than neighborhoods with low rates of poverty;

“(A) communities primarily inhabited by United States-born, White populations contain more than twice the urban forest canopy cover of communities primarily inhabited by racial and ethnic minorities; and

“(B) there were elevated land temperatures in formerly redlined areas compared to their nonredlined counterparts, by an average 2.6 degrees Celsius and up to 7 degrees Celsius; and

“(9) to reduce disparities in the enjoyment of the social, environmental, and economic benefits of healthy and well-maintained urban forests and to manage risks relating to heat exposure and other urban stressors, the Federal Government should accelerate actions to enhance the health and resilience of urban forests, with investment in priority communities.”;

(A) in the first sentence, by striking “The Secretary” and inserting the following:

(i) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), in the second sentence, by striking “In providing such assistance” and inserting the following:

“(B) COOPERATION WITH THE PUBLIC.—In providing assistance under subparagraph (A)”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (B) (as so designated), by striking “organizations. The Secretary” and inserting the following: “organizations and institutions of higher education.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish in the Forest Service an Office of Urban and Community Forestry.

“(B) DIRECTOR.—The Chief of the Forest Service shall appoint a senior official to serve as the Director of the Office of Urban and Community Forestry, which shall not be required to be a Senior Executive Service position (as defined in section 3132(a) of title 5, United States Code).

“(C) MISSION.—The mission of the Office of Urban and Community Forestry shall be to promote the purposes described in subsection (b), including administering the programs and requirements described in this section.

“(D) DUTIES.—The Director of the Office of Urban and Community Forestry shall be responsible for carrying out the mission described in subparagraph (C), including by—

“(i) managing urban and community forest programs, including programs for State and local tree planting and maintenance;

“(ii) engaging in stakeholder relations and developing external partnerships in support of urban and community forest programs;

“(iii) identifying common State and municipal best practices for navigating local policies for urban and community forestry;

“(iv) coordinating the nationwide networks of urban and community forest programs;

“(v) providing strategic guidance for workforce development for urban and community forest programs and longevity of urban forests;

“(vii) advising the Chief of the Forest Service on urban and community forestry; and

“(viii) coordinating with agencies and officials of the Department of Agriculture and the Forest Service to administer or update urban and community forest programs.”;

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), in the first sentence, by striking “organizations,” and inserting “organizations and institutions of higher education,”;

(ii) by inserting “, and measuring and monitoring the atmospheric impacts of urban and community forests” before the semicolon at the end;

(D) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(6) in connection with the Forest and Inventory Analysis program, analyze data regarding the carbon emissions, sequestration, storage, and related atmospheric impacts of urban and community forests.”;

(i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “15” and inserting “16”;

(ii) in each of clauses (i) through (viii), by striking the comma at the end and inserting a period;

(iii) in clause (ix), by striking “, and” at the end and inserting a period; and

“(x) 3 members who are not officers or employees of any governmental body and who have expertise and have been active in urban and community forestry, of whom—

“(I) 1 is a resident of a community with a population of less than 50,000 as of the most recent census; and

“(II) 1 is a resident of an underserved community, as determined by the Secretary, with a population of greater than 50,000 as of the most recent census.”; and

“(7) MEETINGS.—The Council shall meet not less frequently than annually.”;

“(1) AMOUNTS AWARDED.—Of the amount made available under subsection (k) for each fiscal year, not less than $150,000, but not more than 1 percent, shall be awarded for projects that establish microforests and used for other expenses necessary to support those microforests, as determined by the Secretary.

“(2) CONSIDERATIONS.—In selecting projects under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall give preference to eligible parcels that—

“(C) provide ecological benefits, including storm water management, heat reduction, and wildlife habitat; and

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Any non-Federal cost-share requirement otherwise applicable to projects carried out under this section may be waived at the discretion of the Secretary.

“(2) PRIORITY.—In providing waivers under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall give priority to a project carried out by a nonprofit organization or an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)) that benefits an underserved community.”; and

“(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 to carry out this section, to remain available until expended.

“(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $80,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”.

(b) Availability of funds.—Nothing in the amendments made by subsection (a) affects the availability of funds made available for the program under section 9(c) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2105(c)) before the date of enactment of this Act.

(c) Definition of microforest.—Section 13(d) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2109(d)) is amended—

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) as paragraphs (3), (1), and (4), respectively; and

“(2) MICROFOREST.—The term ‘microforest’ means a dense planting of diverse, native trees and related shrubs and vegetative ground covering that—

(a) Matching funds.—Section 405(b) of the National Forest Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j–3(b)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(b) Authorization of appropriations.—Section 410(b) of the National Forest Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j–8(b)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 503 of the Forest Service Facility Realignment and Enhancement Act of 2005 (16 U.S.C. 580d note; Public Law 109–54) is amended by striking subsection (f).

Section 2371(d)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6601(d)(2)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 205 of the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 7125) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(4), by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2029”;

(2) in subsection (d)(6)(C), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”; and

(a) Definition of Rapid Ohia Death.—In this section, the term “Rapid Ohia Death” means the disease caused by the fungal pathogen known as Ceratocystis fimbriata that affects the tree of the species Metrosideros polymorphia.

(b) Collaboration.—The Secretary shall collaborate with the Secretary of the Interior and the Governors of affected States and territories to address Rapid Ohia Death.

(c) Transmission.—The Chief of the Forest Service, acting through the Forest Service Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, and in collaboration with the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the United States Geological Survey, shall continue to conduct research on Rapid Ohia Death vectors and transmission.

(d) Ungulate management.—The Chief of the Forest Service, acting through the Forest Service Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, shall continue to collaborate with the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Governors of affected States and territories, and local stakeholders to manage ungulates in Rapid Ohia Death control areas on—

(e) Restoration and research.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall continue to provide—

(1) financial assistance, including through agreements with the Secretary of the Interior—

(2) staff and necessary infrastructure funding to the Forest Service Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry to conduct research on Rapid Ohia Death.

(f) Authorization of appropriations.—For each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, there is authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 to carry out this section, including for activities carried out by the Secretary, the Chief of the Forest Service, or the Secretary of the Interior.

Public Law 91–378 (16 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CENTER.—The term ‘Civilian Conservation Center’ means any residential workforce development or training facility for underserved youth operated by the Department of Agriculture or the Department of the Interior.

“(2) COVERED GRADUATE.—The term ‘covered graduate’ means an individual who successfully completed a training program at a Civilian Conservation Center.

“(3) COVERED STUDENT.—The term ‘covered student’ means an individual who is enrolled in a training program at a Civilian Conservation Center.

“(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Agriculture.

“SEC. 302. Civilian Conservation Centers Wildfire and Conservation Training Program.

“(a) Specialized training programs.—The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Labor, shall offer at Civilian Conservation Centers specialized training programs focused on—

“(3) any other topic relating to the mission of the Forest Service or the public interest.

“(b) Prioritization.—The Secretary shall prioritize offering specialized training programs under subsection (a) at facilities described in section 147(d) of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3197(d)).

“(1) EXPERIMENT, RESEARCH, OR DEMONSTRATION PILOTS.—The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Labor, may carry out experimental, research, or demonstration pilots to provide career and technical curricula and course offerings to advance the missions of the Department of Agriculture at Civilian Conservation Centers operated by the Department of Agriculture under section 147(d) of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3197(d)).

“(2) CURRICULA AND COURSES.—Curricula and courses described in paragraph (1) include—

“(1) identify, after consulting with State governments and agencies, Federal emergency management and land management agencies, local communities, institutions of higher education, and Indian Tribes, workforce needs in—

“(2) develop marketing, recruitment, and retention materials for the curricula and courses offered under subsection (a); and

“(3) to the extent practicable, provide specialized staff necessary to teach curricula and courses offered under subsection (a).

“(i) hiring 300 covered graduates annually to contribute to wildland firefighting or other critical workforce needs within the Department of Agriculture;

“(ii) a certain percentage of covered graduates annually attaining employment in wildland firefighting, natural resources, forestry, or a related field; and

“(iii) a certain percentage of covered graduates annually attaining employment; and

“(B) may make investments to support the recruitment, training, hiring, and retention of covered graduates.

“(2) SIGNING BONUS.—The Secretary may provide for a signing bonus to enable the successful employment and transition of covered graduates, including for the purpose of securing housing in rural and remote communities.

“(b) Direct hire authority.—For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary may appoint, without regard to the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, other than sections 3303 and 3328 of that title, a covered graduate directly to a position for which the covered graduate meets Office of Personnel Management qualification standards.

“(c) Pathways to employment.—The Secretary shall ensure that appropriate career pathways are developed for covered graduates of Civilian Conservation Center training programs.

“(d) Underserved youth employment.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary may employ covered students at regular rates of pay for necessary hours of work.

“(e) Use of covered students for contracts, agreements, and grants.—To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall encourage the use of covered students to fulfill obligations under contracts, agreements, and grants relevant to the training provided at a Civilian Conservation Center.

“(a) In general.—The Secretary shall establish a pilot program to employ covered students to improve and expand the housing stock owned by the Federal Government for the purpose of housing wildland firefighters, volunteers, partner crewmembers, interns, and other Federal agency employees.

“(b) Requirements.—In carrying out the pilot program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall—

“(1) identify properties currently owned by the Federal Government that would be appropriate housing for wildland firefighters, volunteers, partner crewmembers, interns, and other Federal agency employees;

“(2) identify areas where the construction of new housing described in paragraph (1) would be appropriate and sustainable; and

“(3) submit to Congress a prioritized list of projects for renovation with a plan for how the Secretary will employ covered students to repair, renovate, and remediate the properties identified under paragraph (1).

“(1) describing underutilized capacity at Civilian Conservation Centers, based on an assessment conducted by the Secretary; and

“(2) identifying the investments, improvements, and efficiencies necessary to utilize the full capacity of Civilian Conservation Centers.

Section 504(g) of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1764(g)) is amended—

“(2) WAIVER.—The rental fee and other fees related to a special use authorization for the use and occupancy of National Forest System land shall be waived by the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, when equitable and in the public interest, in any of the following circumstances:

“(A) The holder of the special use authorization is a State or local government or any agency or instrumentality thereof, excluding municipal utilities and cooperatives whose principal source of revenue from the authorized use is customer charges.

“(I) is not controlled or owned by a profitmaking corporation or business enterprise; and

“(II) is engaged in public or semi-public activity to further public health, safety, or welfare; and

“(I) to increase the value of the authorized improvements owned by the holder; or

“(C) The holder of the special use authorization is an amateur station, is an amateur operator, or provides amateur radio services (as those terms are defined in section 97.3 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations)).

“(D) Such other circumstances as the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, may establish by regulation.”.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The term “forest botanical product” means any naturally occurring mushroom, fungus, flower, seed, root, bark, leaf, berry, bough, bryophyte, bulb, burl, cone, epiphyte, fern, forb, grass, moss, nut, pine straw, sedge, shrub, transplant, tree sap, or other vegetation (or portion thereof) that grows on National Forest System land.

(B) EXCLUSIONS.—The term “forest botanical product” does not include trees, or portions of trees, except as provided in regulations issued under section 339 of the Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2000 (16 U.S.C. 528 note; Public Law 106–113), by the Secretary before the date of enactment of this Act.

(2) NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM.—The term “National Forest System” has the meaning given the term in section 11(a) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1609(a)).

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall establish and carry out a program to charge and collect fees under subsection (c) for forest botanical products harvested on National Forest System land.

(2) APPRAISAL METHODS; BIDDING PROCEDURES.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall establish a fee system based on fair market value for forest botanical products harvested on National Forest System land.

(1) IMPOSITION AND COLLECTION.—The Secretary shall charge and collect fees from persons who harvest forest botanical products on National Forest System land.

(2) AMOUNT OF FEE.—The fees collected under paragraph (1) shall be based on the fair market value of the harvested forest botanical products described in that paragraph and the costs incurred by the Secretary associated with the administration of the program under this section, including the costs of granting, modifying, monitoring, and other environmental or other analyses.

(3) SECURITY.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, may require a person assessed a fee under this subsection to provide security to ensure that the Secretary receives the fees imposed under this subsection from the person.

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall—

(A) conduct appropriate analyses to determine whether and how the harvest of forest botanical products on National Forest System land can be conducted on a sustainable basis; and

(B) establish procedures and timeframes to monitor and revise the harvest levels established for forest botanical products.

(2) PROHIBITION ON HARVEST IN EXCESS OF SUSTAINABLE LEVELS.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, may not permit under the program under this section the harvest of forest botanical products on National Forest System land at levels in excess of the sustained yield of the several products and services (as defined in section 4 of the Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960 (16 U.S.C. 531)).

(1) PERSONAL USE.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall establish a personal use harvest level for each forest botanical product, and the harvest of a forest botanical product below that level by a person for personal use shall not be subject to charges and fees under subsections (b) and (c).

(2) OTHER EXCEPTIONS.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, may also waive the application of subsection (b) or (c) pursuant to such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe.

(1) DEPOSIT.—Funds collected under the program in accordance with subsections (b) and (c) shall be deposited into a special account in the United States Treasury.

(2) FUNDS AVAILABLE.—Funds deposited into the special account in accordance with paragraph (1) shall remain available until expended without further appropriation.

(3) AUTHORIZED USES.—The funds made available under paragraph (2) shall be expended at units of the National Forest System in proportion to the charges and fees collected at that unit under the program under this section to pay for—

(A) the costs of conducting inventories of forest botanical products, determining sustainable levels of harvest, monitoring and assessing the impacts of harvest levels and methods, and for restoration activities, including any necessary revegetation; and

(4) TREATMENT OF FEES.—Funds collected under the program in accordance with subsections (b) and (c) shall not be taken into account for the purposes of the following laws:

(A) The sixth paragraph under the heading “forest service” in the Act of May 23, 1908 (35 Stat. 260, chapter 192; 16 U.S.C. 500), and section 13 of the Act of March 1, 1911 (commonly known as the “Weeks Act”) (36 Stat. 963, chapter 186; 16 U.S.C. 500).

(B) The fourteenth paragraph under the heading “forest service” in the Act of March 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 843, chapter 145; 16 U.S.C. 501).

(E) Section 6 of the Act of June 14, 1926 (commonly known as the Recreation and Public Purposes Act) (44 Stat. 741, chapter 578; 73 Stat. 111; 43 U.S.C. 869–4).

(G) Section 401 of the Act of June 15, 1935 (49 Stat. 383, chapter 261;16 U.S.C. 715s).

(g) Reporting requirements.—As soon as practicable after the end of each fiscal year in which the Secretary collects charges and fees under the program in accordance with subsections (b) and (c) or expends funds from the special account under subsection (f), the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall submit to Congress a report summarizing the activities of the Secretary under the program under this section, including—

(1) the funds collected under the program in accordance with subsections (a) and (b);

Section 7(l) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2103c(l)) is amended—

(2) in paragraph (3)(B)(i)(II), by adding “and” after the semicolon at the end.

Section 9001 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101) is amended—

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (13) through (17) as paragraphs (14) through (18), respectively;

“(13) LIFECYCLE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS.—The term ‘lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions’ means the aggregate quantity of greenhouse gas related to the full fuel lifecycle, as determined under the most recent Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation model (commonly referred to as the ‘GREET model’) developed by Argonne National Laboratory.”; and

“(19) ULTRA-LOW-CARBON BIOETHANOL.—The term ‘ultra-low-carbon bioethanol’ means ethanol that—

“(A) has a carbon intensity of 30 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per MMBtu or less; and

“(B) to reduce the carbon intensity of the ethanol produced, uses 1 or more of—

“(vii) any other practice recognized under the model described in paragraph (13) to reduce the carbon intensity of ethanol production.

“(20) ZERO-CARBON BIOETHANOL.—The term ‘zero-carbon bioethanol’ means ethanol that—

“(A) has a carbon intensity of 0 kilograms or less of carbon dioxide equivalent per MMBtu; and

“(B) to reduce the carbon intensity of the ethanol produced, uses 1 or more of the practices described in clauses (i) through (vii) of paragraph (19)(B).”.

Section 9002 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8102) is amended—

(II) in subclause (III), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(IV) on an annual basis, update the procurement requirement described in subclause (III) by increasing the number of biobased-only contracts or the volume purchased under those contracts by not less than 5 percent above the requirement applicable for the previous year.”;

“(iii) are available only at prices that exceed the price preferences established under paragraph (3)(B)(viii) for those items.”; and

“(G) GUIDANCE.—The Secretary, in coordination with the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, shall issue guidance to procuring agencies to consider product lifespan, savings, and efficacy when making procurement decisions under this subsection.”;

“(viii) establish price preferences for different types of biobased products; and”; and

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall determine whether to increase the minimum biobased content for each designated product category by up to 5 percent by the end of the 5-year period following the date of enactment of this subparagraph and every 5 years thereafter.

“(ii) NOTICE AND COMMENT RULEMAKING.—The Secretary shall issue regulations in accordance with section 553 of title 5, United States Code, to carry out clause (i) and implement any increase in the minimum biobased content for a designated product category pursuant to a determination made under clause (i).”;

(II) by redesignating clauses (iii) and (iv) as clauses (ii) and (iii), respectively;

(bb) by striking “information concerning—” and inserting “a report that describes, for the year covered by the report—”;

(II) in subclause (I), by inserting “, including the actions taken by the procuring agency to establish and implement the biobased procurement program of the procuring agency under that paragraph” before the semicolon;

“(VI) (aa) the specific categories of biobased products that are unavailable to meet the procurement needs of the procuring agency; and

“(bb) the desired performance standards and other relevant specifications for those products; and

“(VII) if applicable, the procurement requirement or updated procurement requirement established under paragraph (2)(A)(i) that the procuring agency failed to meet and reasons for the failure; and”; and

“(D) VERIFICATION.—The Office of Federal Procurement Policy, in consultation with the Secretary, shall annually—

“(i) collect the information required to be reported under subparagraph (B) and make the information publicly available; and

“(ii) verify, using the information collected under clause (i), that each procuring agency under paragraph (2)(A)(i), as applicable, has established a procurement program in accordance with subclause (I) of that paragraph.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this subparagraph, each procuring agency shall have completed training on biobased product purchasing for the appropriate staff of the procuring agency, including contracting officers, purchase card managers, and purchase card holders.

“(ii) MATERIALS.—The Office of Federal Procurement Policy, in cooperation with the Secretary, shall provide training materials for procuring agencies conducting training pursuant to clause (i).

“(F) FEDERAL CATALOG UPDATES.—Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this subparagraph, the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy, in cooperation with the Secretary, shall—

“(i) direct the Administrator of General Services to update the Federal Procurement Data System described in section 1122(a)(4) of title 41, United States Code, or any successor system, to include biobased product designations;

“(ii) direct that the System for Award Management collect biobased product purchasing data;

“(iii) direct that Federal online procurement systems, including GSA Advantage! and FedMall, include designations for products that meet the guidelines under paragraph (3);

“(iv) require, to the maximum extent practicable, that Federal online procurement systems, including GSA Advantage! and FedMall, use North American Industry Classification System codes, North American Product Classification System-based product codes, and other product codes, as determined in consultation with the Secretary, when identifying products that meet the guidelines under paragraph (3); and

“(v) require agencies with online Federal sales platforms to include reporting of those purchases in their reporting on products that meet the guidelines under paragraph (3).”;

“(i) REVIEW.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall conduct a review of the use of the terms ‘bio-attributed plastic’, ‘bio-attributed product’, ‘biobased plastic’, ‘biobased product’, ‘renewable chemical’, and any other similar terms, to determine—

“(I) how those terms are used on products with the label described in paragraph (1) and products without that label; and

“(II) the extent to which there is public confusion regarding the use of those terms.

“(ii) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall promulgate such regulations as the Secretary determines to be appropriate to ensure the integrity of the label described in paragraph (1), including regulations to define additional terms necessary to avoid or reduce public confusion relating to the label.”; and

“(5) PUBLIC MARKETING AND EDUCATION.—The Secretary may conduct outreach to educate the public on, and promote the use of, biobased products, including by—

“(A) conducting outreach to small businesses producing biobased products that seek a label under this subsection;

“(B) providing information about biobased product procurement preferences to State procurement agencies; and

“(C) establishing public-private partnerships to further increase awareness and use of biobased products.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may establish an account to accept contributions of non-Federal funds to carry out public marketing and education under paragraph (5).

“(B) DEPOSIT AND USE OF CONTRIBUTIONS.—Contributions of non-Federal funds received to carry out the activities under paragraph (5) shall—

“(i) be deposited into the account established under this paragraph for those activities;

“(ii) be available to, and subject to the control of, the Secretary, without further appropriation and until expended, to carry out those activities; and

“(iii) supplement any funding made available under subsection (k) and allocated by the Secretary for those activities.

“(7) REPORT.—Not later than December 31, 2025, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall make publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture and submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report that includes—

“(A) a list of the biobased products that were authorized to use the label described in paragraph (1) during the preceding fiscal year;

“(B) a description of the audit and compliance activities conducted under paragraph (3)(B) during the preceding fiscal year, including any findings of noncompliance and any actions taken by the Secretary to address the noncompliance;

“(C) (i) a description of the public marketing and education conducted by the Secretary under paragraph (5); and

“(ii) a plan for conducting public marketing and education under that paragraph for the following 2 fiscal years that is designed to increase the use of the label described in paragraph (1) and the purchase of biobased products; and

“(D) the total amount of contributions of non-Federal funds accepted into the account established under paragraph (6).”;

(3) in subsection (f)(1), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “The Secretary and the Secretary of Commerce shall jointly” and inserting “The Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary, shall”;

(i) in clause (v), by striking “; and” and inserting “, including greenhouse gas emissions reduced and avoided;”;

(ii) in clause (vi), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(vii) identifying available industry methodologies to establish a lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions assessment methodology for biobased products.”; and

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking “this subparagraph” and inserting “the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 and every 5 years thereafter”;

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “$3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2024” and inserting “$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter”; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “2019 through 2023” and inserting “2025 through 2029”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall use the most recent version of the ASTM International Standard D6866 to determine the contents of biobased products.

“(B) ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS.—In addition to the standard described in subparagraph (A), the Secretary may, by notice and comment rulemaking under section 553 of title 5, United States Code, establish alternative standards to determine the contents of biobased products.”.

Section 9003 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8103) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “to assist” and inserting “to develop advanced biofuels (which, for purposes of this section, shall include ultra-low-carbon bioethanol and zero-carbon bioethanol), renewable chemicals, and biobased product manufacturing and assist”;

(ii) by striking “end-user products” and inserting “end-user products, renewable chemicals, and biobased products”; and

(III) in clause (iii), by striking “and” at the end and inserting “or”; and

(III) in clause (iii), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

(A) by striking “The Secretary shall make available to eligible entities guarantees” and inserting the following: “Subject to the availability of funding, the Secretary shall make available to eligible entities—

(B) in paragraph (1) (as so designated), by striking the period at the end and inserting “, in accordance with subsection (d); and”; and

“(2) grants, on a competitive basis, to develop and construct demonstration-scale biorefineries to demonstrate the commercial viability of 1 or more processes for converting renewable biomass to 1 or more of the products described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subsection (b)(3)(A), in accordance with subsection (e).”;

(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (D) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;

(I) by striking “In approving a loan guarantee application” and inserting the following:

“(i) IN GENERAL.—In approving an application for a loan guarantee under subsection (c)(1)”; and

“(ii) WAIVER.—The Secretary may waive the feasibility study under clause (i) for proven or otherwise commercially available technologies.”; and

(iv) in subparagraph (B) (as so redesignated), by striking “loan guarantee applications” and inserting “applications for loan guarantees under subsection (c)(1)”; and

(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking “$250,000,000” and inserting “$400,000,000”; and

(ii) by striking “subsection (c)” each place it appears and inserting “subsection (c)(1)”;

(5) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (k) and moving the subsection so as to appear after subsection (j);

“(A) IN GENERAL.—In approving applications for grants under subsection (c)(2), the Secretary shall establish a priority scoring system that assigns priority scores to each application and only approve applications that exceed a specified minimum score, as determined by the Secretary.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—In approving an application for a grant under subsection (c)(2), the Secretary shall determine the technical and economic feasibility of the project based on a feasibility study of the project described in the application conducted by an independent third party.

“(ii) WAIVER.—The Secretary may waive the feasibility study under clause (i) for proven or otherwise commercially available technologies.

“(C) SCORING SYSTEM.—The priority scoring system established under subparagraph (A) shall consider, with respect to a project proposed in an application for a grant under subsection (c)(2)—

“(i) the potential market for the advanced biofuel and the byproducts produced;

“(ii) the level of financial participation by the eligible entity, including support from non-Federal and private sources;

“(I) a feedstock not previously used in the production of advanced biofuels or sustainable aviation fuels; or

“(II) a feedstock, process, or technology not widely used in the production of renewable chemicals or biobased products;

“(iv) whether the eligible entity is proposing to work with producer associations or cooperatives;

“(v) whether the eligible entity has established that the adoption of the process proposed in the application will have a positive impact on resource conservation, public health, and the environment;

“(A) LIMITS.—The amount of a grant awarded under subsection (c)(2) shall not exceed an amount that is 30 percent of the cost of the project carried out using the grant.

“(B) NON-FEDERAL SHARE.—The non-Federal share of the cost of a project may be provided in the form of cash or material, subject to the condition that the material provided does not exceed 15 percent of the non-Federal share.”;

(I) in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting “and grants” after “loan guarantees”;

(III) in clause (iv), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking “Of the total” and all that follows through “subparagraph (A)” and inserting “Of the total amount of funds made available for fiscal year 2025 under subparagraph (A)”; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “2014 through 2023” and inserting “2025 through 2029”;

(8) in subsection (h)(1), by striking “subsections (a) through (e), and (g)” and inserting “subsections (a) through (e), (g), and (k)”;

(9) in subsection (i)(1), by striking “subsections (a) through (e) and subsection (g)” and inserting “subsections (a) through (e), (g), and (k)”; and

(10) in subsection (j)(1), by striking “subsections (a) through (e) and (g)” and inserting “subsections (a) through (e), (g), and (k)”.

Section 9005(g)(2) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8105(g)(2)) is amended by striking “2019 through 2023” and inserting “2025 through 2029”.

Section 9006(d) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8106(d)) is amended by striking “2019 through 2023” and inserting “2025 through 2029”.

(a) In general.—Section 9007 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8107) is amended—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “Energy audits and renewable energy” and inserting “Project”;

(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(ii) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking “provide assistance” and inserting the following: “provide—

(iii) in subparagraph (A)(ii) (as so redesignated), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(B) technical assistance to agricultural producers and rural small businesses to apply for financial assistance under subsection (c).”;

(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking “audits and” and inserting “audits, relevant technical assistance, and”;

(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (F) as clauses (i) through (vi), respectively, and indenting appropriately; and

(iii) by striking the paragraph designation and heading and all that follows through “In reviewing applications” in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated) and inserting the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall use a single application for grants under this subsection for 1 or more of the activities described in paragraph (4).

(i) in subparagraph (B), by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and (II), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(iii) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking “funds to assist” and inserting the following: “funds—

(II) in subclause (II) (as so redesignated), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(B) to provide training for individuals to perform the activities described in subparagraph (A).”;

(A) in paragraph (1)(A)(i)(II), by inserting “that result in a significant reduction in lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions” after “improvements”;

(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking “$25,000,000” and inserting “$50,000,000”; and

(iii) in subparagraph (D), by striking “subsection (f)” and inserting “subsection (g)”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—For projects carried out using assistance under this subsection, the Secretary shall establish an application, evaluation, and oversight process that is—

“(i) the most simplified for projects for which the cost of the activity funded under this subsection is less than $50,000; and

“(ii) more comprehensive for projects for which the cost of the activity funded under this subsection is more than $50,000.

“(B) SINGLE APPLICATION.—The Secretary shall use a single application for assistance under this subsection for agricultural producers seeking assistance under clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (1)(A).”;

(3) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), and (f) as subsections (e), (f), and (g), respectively;

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out regional demonstration projects that incentivize agricultural producers to reduce their carbon footprint or overall carbon equivalent emissions to the maximum extent practicable through the use of energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy systems.

“(2) STUDY.—The Secretary shall conduct, and make publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture a report describing the results of, a study on the results of the regional demonstration projects carried out under paragraph (1).”;

(A) by striking “conducted at the” and inserting the following: “conducted—

(B) in paragraph (1) (as so designated), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(ii) by striking “subsection (f) to provide grants of $20,000” and inserting “subsection (g) to provide grants of $50,000”;

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “subsection (f)” and inserting “subsection (g)”; and

“(i) COVERED REBATE.—The term ‘covered rebate’ means a rebate provided by the Secretary to an eligible entity for the purchase of certain energy efficient equipment described in subsection (c)(1)(A), to be determined by the Secretary, that was made by an eligible entity—

“(I) as part of a project completed not more than 12 months before the provision of the rebate; and

“(II) to meet the immediate needs of the eligible entity, which were not anticipated while the application period for assistance under subsection (c) was open but would otherwise meet the requirements for projects eligible for assistance under that subsection.

“(ii) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘eligible entity’ means any entity eligible to receive financial assistance under subsection (c).

“(iii) PILOT PROJECT.—The term ‘pilot project’ means the pilot project established under subparagraph (B).

“(B) ESTABLISHMENT.—Using not more than 2 percent of the funds made available to carry out subsection (c) for each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026, the Secretary shall carry out a pilot project under which the Secretary shall—

“(ii) test and evaluate a simplified application process for eligible entities to apply for those covered rebates.

“(C) NOTIFICATION PRIOR TO COMMENCEMENT.—Not later than 30 days before the commencement of the pilot project, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a notification containing —

“(iii) a copy of the simplified application to be used under the pilot project; and

“(iv) a list of the equipment for which covered rebates will be provided under the pilot project.

“(D) REPORT.—Not later than June 30, 2027, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and make publicly available, a report on the pilot project, which shall include—

“(i) the total number of each type of equipment for which an application for a covered rebate was submitted, and the total number of each type of equipment for which a covered rebate was provided; and

“(ii) the extent to which applications for covered rebates exceeded the availability of funding, if applicable.

“(ii) carried out by the Secretary using the authority provided under section 808 of title 5, United States Code.”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking “fiscal year 2014 and each fiscal year thereafter.” and inserting “each of fiscal years 2014 through 2024; and”; and

(B) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking “paragraph (1), 4 percent” and inserting “this subsection, 5 percent”;

“(4) RESERVATION OF FUNDS.—Of the funds made available to carry out this section for a fiscal year, the Secretary may reserve—

“(A) not more than 10 percent for awarding grants under subsection (c) that support the adoption of underutilized but proven commercial technologies;

(b) Rescission.—The amounts made available by section 22002 of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2019) that are unobligated or unawarded as of the date of enactment of this Act are rescinded.

Section 9010(b) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8110(b)) is amended, in paragraphs (1)(A) and (2)(A), by striking “2024” each place it appears and inserting “2029”.

Section 9011(f)(1) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8111(f)(1)) is amended by striking “2019 through 2023” and inserting “2025 through 2029”.

Section 9014(c) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8115(c)) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2019 through 2023” and inserting “2025 through 2029”.

Title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(a) Definition of agrivoltaic system.—In this section, the term ‘agrivoltaic system’ means a system under which solar energy production and agricultural production, including crop or animal production, occurs in an integrated manner on the same piece of land for the duration of the production of solar energy.

“(b) Outreach.—The Secretary shall ensure that outreach and education relating to agrivoltaic systems is conducted at the State and local levels for—

“(2) applicable programs administered by the Rural Utilities Service and the Rural Business-Cooperative Service.

“(c) Report.—Not later than December 31, 2025, and each December 31 of the 4 years thereafter, the Secretary shall make publicly available a report that describes—

“(1) each project that incorporates an agrivoltaic system carried out by recipients of a program described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b) during the preceding fiscal year; and

“(2) the total amount of funding expended on those projects during the preceding fiscal year.

“(d) Coordination.—Not later than December 31, 2027, the Secretary shall coordinate with the Secretary of Energy to issue guidance on best practices for agrivoltaic systems, which shall incorporate lessons learned from the projects described in subsection (c)(1).”.

(2) to create materials for, and provide technical support to, farmers, ranchers, and rural small businesses relating to—

(B) the availability of Federal programs to assist in the adoption of industrial heat pumps;

(3) to support an improved technical understanding of the opportunities for, and applications of, industrial heat pumps in the agricultural experiment station network at land-grant colleges and universities for the purpose of providing training and assistance to State-level programs serving farmers, ranchers, and rural small businesses;

(4) to increase knowledge of industrial heat pump applications and benefits for rural utilities to support applications of industrial heat pumps for farmers, ranchers, and rural small businesses; and

(5) to support education on, and awareness of, industrial heat pump opportunities, applications, and benefits among extension specialists and extension agents.

(c) Authorization of appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

Section 10107(b) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 1622b(b)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 203(h) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1622(h)) is amended—

(1) by striking the subsection designation and all that follows through “To inspect” in paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

(2) in the matter preceding paragraph (2), by striking “subsection.” and inserting the following: “subsection, and subject to the following:

“(1) SCOPE OF AUTHORITY.—In interpreting the authority of the Secretary of Agriculture under this subsection, the class, quality, quantity, and condition of agricultural products that the Secretary may inspect, certify, and identify shall be interpreted to include process-related claims related to avoided food loss and food waste achieved through the production of such agricultural products.”;

(A) by striking the paragraph designation and all that follows through “Any” in subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:

(B) by striking “services.” in subparagraph (A) and all that follows through “Such” in subparagraph (B) and inserting the following: “services.

(4) in paragraph (3), by striking the paragraph designation and all that follows through “Any” and inserting the following:

(5) in paragraph (4), by striking the paragraph designation and all that follows through “Whoever” and inserting the following:

(6) in paragraph (5), by striking the paragraph designation and all that follows through “Shell” and inserting the following:

Section 210A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1627c) is amended—

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (13) as paragraphs (6) through (14), respectively; and

“(5) FOOD HUB.—The term ‘food hub’ means a business or organization that actively manages the aggregation, distribution, and marketing of source-identified food products to multiple buyers from multiple producers, who are primarily local and regional producers, to strengthen the ability of those producers to satisfy local and regional wholesale, retail, and institutional demands.”;

(2) in subsection (b)(4), by striking “collaboration” and inserting “collaboration, regional food chain coordination,”;

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively;

(I) by redesignating clauses (vii) and (viii) as clauses (viii) and (ix), respectively; and

“(ii) provide geographic balance, among States and within each State, relative to the benefits of the Program; or”;

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a simplified application form for eligible entities described in subparagraph (B) that—

“(II) choose from the project categories described in clause (ii), which shall include a specific, limited set of key activities with predefined requirements established by the Secretary.

“(ii) PROJECT CATEGORIES.—The Secretary shall establish a simplified application form for the following project categories, but may include additional project categories as necessary:

“(I) DIRECT-TO-CONSUMER PROJECTS.—In the case of a direct-to-consumer project, an application form described in clause (i) may be available for the following categories of projects:

“(II) LOCAL AND REGIONAL FOOD MARKET AND ENTERPRISE PROJECTS.—In the case of a local or regional food market or enterprise project, an application form described in clause (i) may be available for the following categories of projects:

“(bb) A project to provide funding for regional food chain coordination staff time.

(II) by striking the subparagraph designation and heading and all that follows through “Except as provided in clause (ii), an” in clause (i) and inserting the following:

(i) by redesignating clauses (x) and (xi) as clauses (xi) and (xii), respectively; and

(I) by striking “determine the” and inserting the following: “determine—

(II) in clause (i) (as so designated), by striking “, including goals” and inserting the following: “; and

(iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) through (H) as subparagraphs (B) through (G), respectively;

(A) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking “$50,000” and inserting “$100,000”; and

“(3) STAKEHOLDER INPUT.—In developing the simplified application and reporting process under this subsection, the Secretary shall engage with stakeholders to receive input on how the simplified application and reporting process can be streamlined for eligible entities without affecting program integrity.”;

(7) in subsection (h)(2), by striking “this section” and inserting “the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024”; and

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019” and inserting “$75,000,000 for fiscal year 2025”;

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “$20,000,000 for fiscal year 2019” and inserting “$30,000,000 for fiscal year 2025”; and

“(ii) SIMPLIFIED APPLICATIONS.—Of the funds made available for grants under subsection (d)(6) for a fiscal year, not more than 50 percent shall be used to provide grants to eligible entities that submit an application in accordance with subsection (d)(6)(D).”.

Subtitle A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) COOPERATING PARTNER.—The term ‘cooperating partner’ means any of the following entities partnering with an eligible entity:

“(B) A Tribal government agency, Tribal organization, or Native Hawaiian organization.

“(D) Any other entity that, in the determination of the Secretary, is capable of ensuring that the requirements of this section are met.

“(A) a State agency that has demonstrated partnerships with farmers and target audiences within the State; and

“(B) a Tribal government agency that has demonstrated partnerships with farmers and target audiences within the area under the jurisdiction of the applicable Tribal government.

“(3) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘Indian Tribe’ has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).

“(4) NATIVE HAWAIIAN ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘Native Hawaiian organization’ has the meaning given the term in section 6207 of the Native Hawaiian Education Act (20 U.S.C. 7517).

“(5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service.

“(A) members of food insecure communities, including, as determined by the Secretary—

“(ii) communities not normally served through traditional food distribution networks;

“(C) nonprofit organizations engaged in food distribution to members of food insecure communities; and

“(D) any other appropriate individuals or entities, as determined by the Secretary.

“(8) TRIBAL GOVERNMENT.—The term ‘Tribal government’ means the governing body of an Indian Tribe, including—

“(9) TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘Tribal organization’ has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).

“(b) Availability and purpose of cooperative agreements.—The Secretary shall enter into cooperative agreements with eligible entities—

“(A) providing an opportunity for States and Tribal governments to build capacity to support their local and regional food systems;

“(B) building and expanding economic opportunities for small producers, local and regional producers, and historically underserved producers;

“(C) establishing and broadening partnerships with farmers, producers, the food distribution community, and local food networks, including nonprofit organizations, to ensure distribution of fresh and nutritious foods to target audiences;

“(E) increasing the use of Federal funds to procure local and regional food, including fresh fruits and vegetables; and

“(2) pursuant to which the Secretary shall make awards, in accordance with subsection (f), for the purposes described in paragraph (1).

“(1) DUTIES OF ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—An eligible entity entering into a cooperative agreement under subsection (b) shall—

“(A) procure locally and regionally produced food, as defined by the Secretary; and

“(B) distribute food procured under this section to members of food insecure communities, as determined by the Secretary.

“(i) not more than 1 cooperative agreement under this section per State at any 1 time; and

“(ii) not more than 1 cooperative agreement under this section per Indian Tribe at any 1 time.

“(B) COORDINATION.—If more than 1 eligible entity of the same State or Indian Tribe desires to enter into a cooperative agreement under this section for a fiscal year, the eligible entities shall coordinate, with 1 eligible entity serving as the lead agency and each other eligible entity participating as a cooperating partner.

“(C) CLARIFICATION.—A cooperative agreement entered into with an eligible entity described in subsection (a)(2)(B) shall not be considered to be a cooperative agreement in or relating to a State for purposes of subparagraph (A)(i).

“(1) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity desiring to enter into a cooperative agreement under this section shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such a manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require, including—

“(A) a plan to purchase and distribute locally and regionally produced food as required under subsection (c)(1);

“(B) an assurance that the eligible entity will comply with the requirements of the plan; and

“(C) an assurance that Federal funds received under this section shall supplement, and not supplant, the expenditure of State or Tribal funds in support of local and regional food production in the applicable State or the area under the jurisdiction of the applicable Tribal government.

“(2) PLAN REQUIREMENTS.—A plan submitted by an eligible entity under paragraph (1)(A) shall—

“(A) identify the lead agency charged with the responsibility of carrying out the plan; and

“(B) indicate how funds provided pursuant to a cooperative agreement under this section will be used to carry out the purposes described in subsection (b)(1).

“(A) IN GENERAL.—In entering into cooperative agreements under this section, the Secretary shall prioritize applications for cooperative agreements that prioritize—

“(i) establishing food purchasing contracts with producers and distributors that—

“(I) grow, process, or distribute local and regional food, as defined by the Secretary; and

“(aa) beginning farmers or ranchers (as defined in section 2501(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279(a)));

“(ii) targeting distributions of food purchased pursuant to those contracts to underserved communities, as determined by the Secretary.

“(B) CONSIDERATION.—In determining whether an application prioritizes targeting distributions of food to underserved communities under subparagraph (A)(ii), the Secretary may consider socioeconomic metrics maintained by the Federal Government, including the social vulnerability index and area deprivation index maintained by the Department of Health and Human Services.

“(4) NONCOMPETITIVE PROCESS.—The Secretary shall establish a simplified, noncompetitive process for the submission and selection of applications for establishing cooperative agreements under this section.

“(e) Distribution of purchased food.—An eligible entity may distribute food procured pursuant to a cooperative agreement entered into under this section to members of food insecure communities—

“(2) through cooperative agreements, subcontracts, or subawards with 1 or more cooperating partners.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a noncompetitive process for determining the amount to be awarded, from the amounts made available under subsection (h) for a fiscal year, to eligible entities described in subsection (a)(2)(A) with which the Secretary has entered or plans to enter into a cooperative agreement under this section.

“(i) CORRESPONDENCE TO NUTRITION ASSISTANCE NEEDS.—To ensure that the distribution of awards under this section corresponds to the nutrition assistance needs in each State, the noncompetitive process established under subparagraph (A) shall take into consideration—

“(II) other socioeconomic metrics maintained by the Federal Government, including the social vulnerability index and area deprivation index maintained by the Department of Health and Human Services.

“(ii) CONSIDERATION.—The Secretary shall take into consideration the funding formula of the emergency food assistance program established under the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.) in ensuring that the noncompetitive process established under subparagraph (A) complies with the requirement described in clause (i).

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Before applying the process established under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall reserve 15 percent of the total amount made available to carry out this section for that fiscal year for making awards to eligible entities described in subsection (a)(2)(B) with which the Secretary has entered or plans to enter into a cooperative agreement under this section.

“(B) REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary shall make awards to eligible entities described in subsection (a)(2)(B)—

“(ii) at a prorated amount based on the proposals submitted by eligible entities described in that subsection.

“(3) TIMING OF DISTRIBUTIONS FOR INITIAL AGREEMENTS.—The Secretary shall distribute funds awarded in accordance with paragraphs (1) and (2) incrementally in order to ensure that all interested eligible entities have an opportunity to be selected for entering into a cooperative agreement and receiving an award under this section.

“(A) ADJUSTMENT OF AWARD AMOUNTS.—The total amount of an award made or proposed to be made to an eligible entity under this subsection may be amended or adjusted, or additional amounts may be separately awarded to that eligible entity, depending on—

“(i) demand for cooperative agreements, as determined by the Secretary based on the number of applications submitted or other factors; and

“(B) POST-APPLICATION ADJUSTMENTS.—The Secretary may adjust the amount of an award made or proposed to be made under this section after the application period has closed.

“(A) a cooperative agreement under this section shall be for a term of not more than 2 years; and

“(B) any projects carried out pursuant to that cooperative agreement shall be completed by the end of that term.

“(2) EXTENSION.—The Secretary may, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, extend the term of a cooperative agreement entered into under this section for not more than 2 additional years.

“(1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to any other amounts available to the Secretary, there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $40,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.

“(2) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended.”.

Subtitle A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.) (as amended by section 10004) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) CERTIFIED ORGANIC PRODUCT.—The term ‘certified organic product’ means an agricultural product (as defined in section 2103 of the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6502)) that is organically produced (as defined in that section).

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘eligible entity’ means an entity described in subparagraph (B) that—

“(ii) (I) is certified in accordance with subpart E of part 205 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations); or

“(i) a producer, producer cooperative, or other commercial entity that produces or handles certified organic products;

“(C) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘eligible entity’ does not include an entity described in subparagraph (B) the operations of which are suspended or revoked under section 205.662 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation).

“(3) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘Indian Tribe’ has the meanings given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).

“(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service.

“(5) TRIBAL GOVERNMENT.—The term ‘Tribal government’ means the governing body of an Indian Tribe.

“(b) Establishment and purpose.—The Secretary shall establish a program, to be known as the ‘Organic Market Development Grant Program’, that—

“(1) increases the capacity of the domestic organic product supply chain for producers, handlers, suppliers, and processors of certified organic products;

“(2) modernizes manufacturing, tracking, storage, and information technology systems specific to the purposes described in this subsection, such as process control or organic product ingredient tracking systems;

“(3) improves the capacity of eligible entities to comply with applicable regulatory requirements or quality standards required to access markets, such as requirements and standards relating to food safety and organic product certification;

“(4) expands capacity for storage, processing, aggregation, and distribution of certified organic products to create more and better markets for producers of certified organic products;

“(5) facilitates market development for domestically produced certified organic products;

“(6) provides for the conduct of feasibility studies and market viability assessments to inform organic transition strategies and opportunities;

“(7) ameliorates barriers to entry to organic product certification for historically underserved entities;

“(8) supports market and promotional activities that help build commercial markets for certified organic products in the United States;

“(9) provides technical assistance and outreach to program stakeholders and participants; and

“(10) addresses additional barriers and bottlenecks in the domestic organic product supply chain for producers, handlers, suppliers, and processors of certified organic products, as determined by the Secretary.

“(c) Grants.—For each fiscal year for which amounts are made available to carry out this section under subsection (k), the Secretary shall provide grants to support eligible entities in conducting activities in accordance with the purposes of the program described in subsection (b).

“(1) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.

“(2) SIMPLIFIED PROCESS.—The Secretary shall implement a simplified application and award process under this section for use by any eligible entity seeking to carry out an equipment-only project.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), an application submitted under this subsection shall include a description of the direct or indirect producer or food business benefits intended by the eligible entity to result from the proposed project within a reasonable period of time after the receipt of a grant under this section.

“(B) EXCEPTION.—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any feasibility study or market viability assessment conducted pursuant to this section.

“(4) CRITERIA.—The Secretary shall establish such criteria for the evaluation and funding of proposed projects under this section as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

“(A) shall conduct a competitive process to select applications submitted under this subsection;

“(C) before accepting any application under this subsection, shall make publicly available the criteria to be used in evaluating the applications.

“(e) Project types.—An eligible entity may use amounts received under this section to carry out, in accordance with such goals and deadlines for completion as the Secretary may establish, the following types of projects:

“(2) Certified organic product storage (including cold storage), aggregation, processing, and distribution capacity expansion.

“(f) Term.—Unless otherwise determined by the Secretary, a grant provided under this section shall have a term of not longer than 3 years.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The amount of a grant provided under this section for a project described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (e) shall be not more than $3,000,000.

“(2) SIMPLIFIED EQUIPMENT-ONLY PROJECTS.—The amount of a grant provided under this section for a project described in subsection (e)(3) shall be not more than $100,000.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity that receives a grant under this section to carry out a project described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (e) shall provide a non-Federal share equal to not less than 50 percent of the cost of the project.

“(2) SIMPLIFIED EQUIPMENT-ONLY PROJECTS.—An eligible entity that receives a grant under this section to carry out a project described in subsection (e)(3) shall not be required to contribute a non-Federal share to the cost of the project.

“(3) RULE FOR CERTAIN APPLICATIONS.—The Secretary may waive or lower the non-Federal share required under this subsection for small and underserved eligible entities applying for a grant under this section.

“(i) Awards to multiple entities.—The Secretary may provide a grant under this section to more than 1 eligible entity, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

“(j) Technical assistance.—The Secretary may provide to eligible entities technical assistance under this section, directly or through 1 or more cooperative agreements.

“(k) Authorization of appropriations.—In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.”.

Section 7407(d) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 5925c(d)) is amended—

(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(a) Technical assistance.—Section 2107 of the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6506) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsections (c) through (e) as subsections (d) through (f), respectively; and

“(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the national organic program established under this title, the Secretary may provide technical assistance, education, and outreach to—

“(B) farmers who are transitioning to organic (as determined by the Secretary).

“(A) coordinate with the heads of agencies within the Department of Agriculture, including the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency, the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Administrator of the Risk Management Agency, and the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture; and

“(B) enter into cooperative agreements with, or provide grants to, nonprofit organizations, State cooperative extension services, or other qualified entities with expertise in working with organic stakeholders to provide regionally-specific training, education, and outreach.”.

(b) Improvement of organic standards.—Section 2122 of the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6521) is amended—

“(a) Improvement of organic standards.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a request for information soliciting public input on which regulations promulgated pursuant to this Act should be prioritized for revision.”;

(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

“(2) BOARD RECOMMENDATIONS REPORT.—Not later than January 1, 2026, and each fiscal year thereafter through fiscal year 2029, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and make publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture, a report—

“(A) listing all recommendations received by the Secretary, acting through the Deputy Administrator of the national organic program, under section 2119(k);

“(B) describing all regulatory and administrative actions taken to implement those recommendations, including the status of each recommendation at the time of the report; and

“(C) any relevant justifications from the Secretary, acting through the Deputy Administrator of the national organic program or the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service, for the implementation status of those recommendations, particularly for recommendations not yet acted on by the Secretary, acting through the Deputy Administrator of the national organic program.”; and

“(e) Government Accountability Office report on organic rulemaking.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Comptroller General of the United States shall—

“(1) conduct a study on the efforts of the Secretary, acting through the Deputy Administrator of the national organic program, to improve organic standards, including—

“(A) the recommendations received from the National Organic Standards Board that were implemented through rulemaking, the issuance of guidance, or other administrative actions;

“(B) any instances in which the Secretary, acting through the Deputy Administrator of the national organic program, formally declined to take action on any recommendations received from the National Organic Standards Board;

“(C) for the 20-year period ending on that date of enactment, the average length of time between—

“(i) the receipt by the Secretary, acting through the Deputy Administrator of the national organic program, of a recommendation from the National Organic Standards Board; and

“(II) the issuance of guidance or the taking of other administrative actions based on the recommendation; or

“(D) for all matters identified under subparagraph (B), any justifications of the Secretary, acting through the Deputy Administrator of the national organic program, for declining to take action on the applicable recommendation; and

“(2) based on the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1), provide recommendations on how the Secretary, acting through the Deputy Administrator of the national organic program, in consultation with the National Organic Standards Board, can ensure that national organic program standards evolve in a timely manner—

“(A) to assure consumers that organically produced products meet a consistent standard; and

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in order to carry out activities under the national organic program established under this title, there are authorized to be appropriated—

“(2) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in order to carry out activities under section 2107(c), there is authorized to be appropriated $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”; and

(2) in subsection (c)(4), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “$5,000,000 for fiscal year 2019 and $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2024” and inserting “$5,000,000 for fiscal year 2019, $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2024, and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025”.

The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6501 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 2120 the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall complete—

“(A) an assessment of all fraudulent organic certificates issued for a dietary supplement (as defined in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321)); and

“(B) an assessment of any fraudulent labels, complaints, and other data considered as part of drafting the assessment under subparagraph (A).

“(2) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall assess—

“(A) the number of complaints received by the Secretary, a State organic certification program, or a certifying agent pertaining to—

“(i) suspected fraudulent use of a label or other market information described in section 2106(a)(2); or

“(ii) suspected fraudulent representations claiming that products meet organic standards established under the national organic program despite those products falling outside of the enforcement authority of the national organic program;

“(B) staffing and resource needs within the national organic program if the enforcement responsibilities of the national organic program were broadened to include the products identified under paragraph (1); and

“(C) any potential effects of broadening the enforcement authority of the national organic program on domestic organic farmers, handlers, and consumers.

“(b) Report.—Not later than 45 days after the date on which the assessment under subsection (a) is completed, the Secretary shall submit to Congress and make publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture a report that—

“(1) describes in detail the results of the assessment required by subsection (a); and

“(c) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $1,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.”.

Section 10606 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 6523) is amended—

(2) in subsection (d)(1), by striking subparagraphs (A) through (C) and inserting the following:

Section 10105(c) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 7655a(c)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”;

(ii) by inserting “, by adding such unobligated or unexpended amounts to the allocation funding pool for the current or following fiscal year, as determined by the Secretary” after “determined by the Secretary”;

(i) by striking “funds described in paragraph (1)” and inserting “such funds”; and

(ii) by striking “The Secretary” and inserting “If funds described in paragraph (1) are distributed in the current fiscal year, the Secretary”; and

“(3) CONSULTATIONS.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall encourage State departments of agriculture to consult annually with specialty crop producers and producer groups in establishing programmatic and funding priorities for the fiscal year.”; and

“(F) $170,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended by the Secretary.”.

Section 10109(c)(1) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4907; 137 Stat. 118) is amended by striking “2019 and $100,000 for fiscal year 2024” and inserting “2019, $100,000 for fiscal year 2024, and $500,000 for fiscal year 2025”.

Section 2 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136) is amended—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘plant regulator’ means any substance or mixture of substances intended, through physiological action, for accelerating or retarding the rate of growth or rate of maturation, or for otherwise altering the behavior, of plants or the produce thereof.

“(A) substances to the extent that they are intended as plant nutrients, trace elements, nutritional chemicals, plant inoculants, soil amendments, or vitamin hormone products; or

“(i) have a low-hazard profile in relation to humans and other microorganisms, as determined by the Administrator; and

“(II) include chemical compounds that are synthetically derived but are structurally similar and functionally identical to substances of biological origin.”;

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “substances.” and inserting “substances”;

“(pp) Plant biostimulant.—The term ‘plant biostimulant’ means any substance or mixture of substances that, when applied to seeds, plants, the rhizosphere, or soil or other growth media, acts to support the natural nutrition processes of a plant independently of the nutrient content of that substance or mixture of substances, and that thereby improves—

“(qq) Nutritional chemical.—The term ‘nutritional chemical’ means any substance or mixture of substances that interacts with plant nutrients in a manner that improves nutrient availability or aids the plant in acquiring or utilizing plant nutrients.

“(rr) Vitamin hormone product.—The term ‘vitamin hormone product’ means a product that—

“(1) consists of a mixture of plant hormones, plant nutrients, plant inoculants, soil amendments, trace elements, nutritional chemicals, plant biostimulants, or vitamins that is intended for the improvement, maintenance, survival, health, and propagation of plants;

“(2) is nontoxic and nonpoisonous in the undiluted packaged concentrations of the product; and

“(3) is not intended for use on food crop sites and is labeled accordingly.”.

(a) Study.—The Secretary shall conduct a study to assess the types of, and practices using, plant biostimulants (as defined in section 2 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136)) that best achieve the following:

(4) Limiting or eliminating runoff or leaching of soil or nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, into groundwater or other water sources.

(6) Aiding in carbon sequestration, nutrient use efficiency, and other climate-related benefits.

(7) Supporting innovative approaches to improving agricultural sustainability, including the adoption of performance-based outcome standards and criteria.

(b) Report.—Not later than 4 years after the date on which funds are first made available for the study under subsection (a), the Secretary shall make publicly available and submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that describes the results of the study.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that identifies any potential regulatory, non-regulatory, and legislative recommendations, including the appropriateness of any definitions for plant-incorporated protectants, to ensure the efficient and appropriate review, approval, and availability of plant-incorporated protectants for use in agricultural and horticultural production.

(2) INCLUSIONS.—In compiling the report required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall include an assessment of the potential impacts of plant-incorporated protectants on—

(A) the environment, including nearby ecosystems that may be affected by the production of plants that contain plant-incorporated protectants;

(C) human health, including potential impacts on human health through food tolerances or residues of plant-incorporated protectants introduced into the food supply or other commercial products through processing.

(b) Consultation.—The Secretary shall prepare the report required by subsection (a) in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the several States, industry stakeholders, and such other public interest stakeholders as the Secretary determines necessary.

(1) shall consider “plant-incorporated protectant” to be a pesticidal substance that is intended to be produced and used in a living plant, or in the produce of a living plant, and the genetic material necessary for production of such a pesticidal substance, including any inert ingredient contained in the applicable plant or produce; and

(2) may modify the description of plant-incorporated protectant, as appropriate.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 297A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639o) is amended—

(ii) by striking “concentration” and inserting “concentration (including tetrahydrocannabinolic acid)”;

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (6) as paragraphs (4) through (7), respectively; and

“(3) INDUSTRIAL HEMP.—The term ‘industrial hemp’ means the plant Cannabis sativa L. if the harvested material—

“(i) the stalks of that plant, fiber produced from those stalks, or any other manufactured product, derivative, mixture, or preparation of those stalks (except cannabinoid resin extracted from those stalks);

“(ii) whole grain, oil, cake, nut, hull, or any other compound, manufactured product, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the seeds of that plant (except cannabinoid resin extracted from the seeds of that plant); or

“(iii) viable seeds of that plant produced solely for production or manufacture of any material described in clause (i) or (ii); and

“(B) will not be used in the manufacturing or synthesis of natural or synthetic cannabinoid products.”.

(A) Section 297B of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639p) is amended—

(II) by striking “concentration” and inserting “concentration (including tetrahydrocannabinolic acid)”; and

(II) by striking “concentration” and inserting “concentration (including tetrahydrocannabinolic acid)”.

(B) Section 297C(a)(2)(B) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639q(a)(2)(B)) is amended—

(ii) by striking “concentration” and inserting “concentration (including tetrahydrocannabinolic acid)”.

(1) STATE AND TRIBAL PLANS.—Section 297B of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639p) is amended—

(I) by redesignating clauses (ii) through (vii) as clauses (iii) through (viii), respectively;

“(I) only industrial hemp, in which case the industrial hemp producer shall not be required to undergo a background check to apply for the license; or

(cc) by striking “(iii) a procedure” and inserting “(iii)(I) a procedure”; and

“(II) in the case of a producer licensed to produce only industrial hemp under clause (ii)(I), a procedure for testing compliance with the definition of industrial hemp in section 297A using relaxed regulatory requirements, which may include—

“(cc) certified seed, if the applicable State or Indian tribe is participating in the pilot program established under paragraph (4); or

“(dd) any other similar procedure, as approved by the Secretary, when developing sampling plans for any producer that elects to be designated as a producer of only industrial hemp under clause (ii)(I);”; and

(IV) in clause (viii) (as so redesignated), by striking “(vi)” and inserting “(vii)”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may, in up to 5 States or Indian tribes, establish a pilot program under which the State department of agriculture of a selected State, or the equivalent Tribal government agency, may certify genetic purity (within the meaning of the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. 1551 et seq.)) and identity as to variety (as defined in section 101 of that Act (7 U.S.C. 1561)) of varieties of seeds that have been bred to produce plants with a total tetrahydrocannabinol concentration (including tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—A hemp producer that produces hemp using a variety of seed certified under subparagraph (A) in the State or on the land of the Indian tribe by which the variety of seed is certified may submit to the applicable State department of agriculture, or equivalent Tribal government agency, an application for an exemption from the testing requirements under paragraph (2)(A)(iii)(I).

“(ii) EXPIRATION.—An exemption approved under clause (i) shall expire on the date that is 3 years after the date of the approval.

“(iii) REAPPLICATION.—A hemp producer may reapply under clause (i) to be exempt under that clause after the expiration of the exemption under clause (ii).

“(C) APPROVAL.—If the State department of agriculture approves an application submitted under subparagraph (B)(i), the applicable hemp producer shall not be subject to the testing requirements under paragraph (2)(A)(iii)(I).

“(D) REGULATION OF VENDORS.—Each State or Indian tribe selected to participate in the pilot program under this paragraph shall regulate vendors of seed certified under subparagraph (A) operating in that State or on the land of that Indian tribe.”; and

“(C) PRODUCTION INCONSISTENT WITH INDUSTRIAL HEMP DESIGNATION.—Any person licensed to produce only industrial hemp as described in subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii)(I) who, with a culpable mental state greater than negligence, produces a crop of hemp that is inconsistent with that license shall be ineligible to participate in the program established under this section for a period of 5 years beginning on the date of the violation, as determined by the Secretary.”.

(2) DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PLAN.—Section 297C(a)(2) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639q(a)(2)) is amended—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (F) as subparagraphs (C) through (G), respectively;

“(i) only industrial hemp, in which case the industrial hemp producer shall not be required to undergo a background check to apply for the license; or

(iii) by striking “(C) a procedure” and inserting “(C)(i) a procedure”; and

“(ii) in the case of a producer licensed to produce only industrial hemp under subparagraph (B)(i), a procedure for testing compliance with the definition of industrial hemp in section 297A using relaxed regulatory requirements, which may include—

“(III) certified seed, if the applicable State or Indian tribe is participating in the pilot program established under section 297B(a)(4); or

“(IV) any other similar procedure, as approved by the Secretary, when developing sampling plans for any producer that elects to be designated as a producer of only industrial hemp under subparagraph (B)(i);”.

(3) REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES; EFFECT ON OTHER LAW.—Section 297D of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639r) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(d) Effect on State or Tribal law.—Except as provided in section 297B, nothing in this subtitle preempts or limits any law of a State or Indian tribe that regulates any activity involving hemp or hemp products, including with respect to the production, manufacture, or sale of hemp or hemp products.”.

Section 3(c)(11)(D)(iv) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136a(c)(11)(D)(iv)) is amended, in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking “Not later than” and all that follows through “beginning on that date” and inserting “Not less frequently than annually for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029”.

Section 433(c)(1) of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7753(c)(1)) is amended by inserting “or interstate movement from areas outside of the continental United States,” after “United States,”.

(4) in paragraph (7) (as so redesignated), by striking “$75,000,000 for fiscal year 2018” and inserting “$90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025”.

Section 2509(a)(1) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (21 U.S.C. 136a(a)(1)) is amended by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following:

“(C) to maintain a reasonable balance in the Department of Agriculture accounts described in paragraph (6).”.

(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 502(b)(3) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(b)(3)) is amended by striking “5” and inserting “10”.

(B) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 522(c)(7) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)(7)) is amended by striking subparagraph (F).

(2) VETERAN FARMER OR RANCHER.—Section 502(b)(14)(B) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(b)(14)(B)) is amended—

(b) Increase in assistance.—Section 508(e)(8) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(8)) is amended—

(2) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), by striking “is 10 percentage points greater than” and inserting “is the number of percentage points specified in subparagraph (B) greater than”; and

“(B) PERCENTAGE POINTS ADJUSTMENTS.—The percentage points referred to in subparagraph (A) are the following:

“(i) For each of the first and second reinsurance years that a beginning farmer or rancher or veteran farmer or rancher participates as a beginning farmer or rancher or veteran farmer or rancher, respectively, in the applicable policy or plan of insurance, 15 percentage points.

“(ii) For the third reinsurance year that a beginning farmer or rancher or veteran farmer or rancher participates as a beginning farmer or rancher or veteran farmer or rancher, respectively, in the applicable policy or plan of insurance, 13 percentage points.

“(iii) For the fourth reinsurance year that a beginning farmer or rancher or veteran farmer or rancher participates as a beginning farmer or rancher or veteran farmer or rancher, respectively, in the applicable policy or plan of insurance, 11 percentage points.

“(iv) For each of the fifth through tenth reinsurance years that a beginning farmer or rancher or veteran farmer or rancher participates as a beginning farmer or rancher or veteran farmer or rancher, respectively, in the applicable policy or plan of insurance, 10 percentage points.”.

“(v) PRIORITIES FOR EXPANSION OF COVERAGE.—The Corporation shall prioritize expansion of coverage under this section or similar coverage options to crops for which, and regions of the United States in which—

“(II) average buy-up levels on individual insurance policies are less than 75 percent.”; and

Section 508(d)(3) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(d)(3)) is amended—

(a) In general.—Section 508(e)(2) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(2)) is amended—

(b) Effective date.—The higher premium subsidy rates specified in the amendments made by subsection (a) shall be implemented by the Secretary beginning with the 2024 reinsurance year.

(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking “One additional Under Secretary of Agriculture (as designated by the Secretary)” and inserting “The Under Secretary of Agriculture responsible for marketing and regulatory programs”;

(B) in each of subparagraphs (E) and (F), by striking “One” and inserting “1”; and

(ii) by striking “including at least one specialty crop producer.” and inserting the following: “including at least—

“(ii) 1 producer that actively engages in both livestock production and crop production of agricultural commodities; and

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Vacancies in the Board shall not impair the power of the Board to execute the functions of the Corporation, subject to the condition that there are at least 6 members in office.

“(2) QUORUM.—6 of the members in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of the business of the Board.”;

(3) in subsection (c), by striking “(c) The Directors” and inserting the following:

(4) in subsection (d), by striking “(d) The manager” and inserting the following:

“(B) SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTISE.—To the maximum extent practicable, the Board shall seek to include at least 1 expert reviewer with subject matter expertise on the policy, plan of insurance, or related material being reviewed.”;

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “five” and inserting “5”;

(iv) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “Except as” and inserting the following:

“(A) offer and market all plans of insurance for all agricultural commodities in any State in which actuarial documents are available and in which the approved insurance provider writes an eligible crop insurance or livestock price insurance contract; and

“(2) CANCELLATION.—An approved insurance provider may not cancel an eligible crop insurance or livestock price insurance contract held by a policyholder so long as the policyholder remains an eligible producer and the approved insurance provider continues to write eligible crop insurance or livestock price insurance contracts within the State, except—

“(3) OFFERING OF PLANS.—The approved insurance provider is not required to offer such plans of insurance as may be approved by the Corporation under the authority of section 508(h), except that if the approved insurance provider chooses to offer any such plan, the approved insurance provider shall—

“(A) offer the plan in all approved States in which the approved insurance provider writes an eligible crop insurance or livestock price insurance contract where such plan is made available; and

“(A) SANCTIONS.—The procedural requirements and sanctions prescribed in section 515(h) shall apply to the prosecution of a violation of this subsection.

“(B) MATERIAL BREACH.—Beginning with reinsurance year 2026, failure of an approved insurance provider to comply with this subsection may be considered a material breach under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement and the Livestock Price Reinsurance Agreement, as determined by the Corporation.”.

Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is amended—

(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(D) increase participation by producers marketing products direct-to-consumer in local and regional markets or using farm identity-preserved marketing, including by undertaking producer education on how to use direct market prices.”;

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “plan, with a liability limitation of $1,500,000,” and inserting “plan”;

(B) in subparagraph (C), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “may” and inserting “shall”;

(i) in clause (i), in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking “18 months after the date of enactment of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018” and inserting “1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024”;

(ii) in clause (ii), in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking “subclause” and inserting “clause”; and

“(iii) ADDITIONAL REVIEW.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, and annually thereafter, the Corporation shall—

“(I) review any limitations on insurable revenue (including the overall limitation and limitations specific to animals, animal products, greenhouse and nursery, and aquaculture) to ensure the limitations are adequate to cover the financial risks associated with the production of high-value agricultural products; and

“(II) submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that includes a summary of the most recent review conducted under subclause (I) and any expected changes to the policy for the following reinsurance year.

“(iv) PUBLIC REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Board shall make publicly available a report describing the decisions made by the Board with respect to each factor described in clause (ii).”; and

“(F) MODIFICATIONS TO IMPROVE EFFECTIVENESS FOR SPECIALTY CROPS AND DIVERSIFIED FARMS.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall implement the following modifications to the plans developed under subparagraph (A) and paragraph (18):

“(i) Establish that appropriate income reported on Internal Revenue Service Tax Form Schedule F, or successor forms, shall be sufficient for the establishment of historical adjusted revenue, subject to the condition that insurance providers may request additional verifiable records in cases where there is documented evidence, made clear to the applicant, that farm tax records are incomplete.

“(ii) Require that the adjustment of the revenue guarantee by an approved insurance provider, after the approved insurance provider accepts the revised farm operation report, is contingent on approval from the Risk Management Agency, and allow the insured an opportunity to appeal decisions to the National Appeals Division.

“(iii) Presume that declines in local market price are due to unavoidable natural causes, unless the Corporation can prove the extent to which the decline in local market price is the direct result of an uninsured manmade event.

“(iv) With respect to whole farm revenue protection policies, raise the limit on growth expansion for all producers to the lower of—

“(v) (I) Require approved insurance providers to accept or reject applications, by written decision, within 75 days of receipt of the application, with failure to do so resulting in a reduction by 15 percent of the amount of the administrative and operating subsidy that the approved insurance provider receives from the Corporation for that policy.

“(II) A rejection of an application shall include a written rationale with sufficient detail for the producer to understand any deficiencies in the application and how to cure those deficiencies.

“(vi) Require the Risk Management Agency and approved insurance providers to treat different cultivation cycles of a single crop, such as peppers, as separate crops to recognize the difference in perils at different periods of the year for purposes of calculating the diversification premium discount.

“(vii) Provide additional educational and training opportunities to approved insurance providers and insurance agents, which may include entering into agreements with 1 or more entities—

“(I) to provide technical assistance to producers interested in a whole farm revenue protection policy similar to the plan described in this paragraph;

“(II) to conduct education and outreach to agents and insurance providers for a whole farm revenue protection policy similar to the plan described in this paragraph; and

“(viii) (I) Conduct a pilot program to create a pricing library for agents and insurance providers using data from—

“(bb) the noninsured crop disaster assistance program established by section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333);

“(dd) land-grant colleges or universities and other institutions of higher education;

“(II) The Risk Management Agency may, as determined by the Secretary, offer the pricing library described in subclause (I) to agents and insurance providers in connection with policies other than policies developed under subparagraph (A) or paragraph (18).

“(ix) Allow prices and yields used to establish coverage in other Federal crop insurance policies to be used as prices and yields for whole farm revenue protection policies.

“(x) Establish a process for records and acreage reports submitted by producers for the noninsured crop assistance program under section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333) to be accepted as documentation for the requisite actual production history for whole farm revenue protection policies.

“(xi) Create a web-accessible tool for producers to locate agents experienced in selling a whole farm revenue protection policy.

“(G) DISASTER YEARS.—The Corporation shall moderate the impact of disaster years, as determined by the Secretary, on historic revenue by considering—

“(iii) counting payments under section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333) as historic revenue for loss years; and

“(iv) using an assigned yield floor similar to the limitation described in section 508(g)(6)(A)(i), as determined by the Secretary.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The Corporation shall carry out research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to carry out research and development, regarding the use of alternative records for establishing a revenue guarantee of a producer, including—

“(I) any farm loan records, including business plans or other materials, to establish expected revenue and cash flow used for a Farm Service Agency direct or guaranteed loan; and

“(II) any business plans developed in consultation with an acceptable source, as determined by the Secretary, such as an extension service, a farm business management service, a Farm Credit System institution, a community development financial institution, or a private lender.

“(ii) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that describes—

“(I) the results of the research and development carried out under clause (i);

“(II) any changes being implemented by the Corporation, either permanently or on a pilot basis; and

Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Corporation shall carry out research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to carry out research and development—

“(i) regarding improvements to 1 or more policies to insure walnuts, including—

“(II) quality issues, including revenue losses, caused by heat and other factors for both in-shell and shelled walnuts; and

“(ii) to assess, by county, the difference in the rate, average yield, and coverage level of walnut policies compared to policies for other nuts in that county.

“(B) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a report that describes—

“(i) the results of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (A); and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Corporation shall carry out research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to carry out research and development, regarding a policy to insure wine grapes (including wine grapes produced in the States of California, Oregon, and Washington) against losses due to wildfire smoke exposure.

“(B) AVAILABILITY OF POLICY.—Notwithstanding the second sentence of section 508(a)(1) and section 508(a)(2), not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall make available a policy described in subparagraph (A) if the requirements of section 508(h) are met with respect to that policy.

“(C) REPORT.—If the Corporation does not offer a policy described in subparagraph (A) by the date that is 2 years after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a report that includes the results of the research and development carried out under that subparagraph.

“(B) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a report that describes—

“(i) the results of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (A); and

“(B) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a report that describes—

“(i) the results of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (A); and

“(A) DEFINITION OF COVERED OILSEED CROPS.—In this paragraph, the term ‘covered oilseed crops’ means rapeseed, canola, carinata, camelina, and other oilseed crops, as determined by the Corporation.

“(B) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—The Corporation shall carry out research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to carry out research and development, regarding the inclusion of covered oilseed crops under double cropping practices.

“(C) REQUIREMENTS.—The research under subparagraph (B) shall be carried out in consultation with stakeholders to evaluate—

“(i) the economic and environmental benefits of incorporating covered oilseed crops into double cropping practices; and

“(ii) the potential risks associated with incorporating covered oilseed crops into double cropping practices, specifically with respect to winter-planted covered oilseed crops, including risks to soil health, biodiversity, and the profitability of farming operations.

“(D) PRIORITY.—In awarding contracts under subparagraph (B), the Corporation may give priority to persons and institutions that—

“(ii) have access to a facility with the capacity to do the applicable research.

“(E) REPORT.—Not later than 13 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a report that describes—

“(i) the results of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (B); and

“(B) CONTENTS.—The research and development carried out under subparagraph (A) shall include research relating to—

“(ii) coverage against fluctuations in the price of alfalfa relative to the price expected at the beginning of the crop year using a regional alfalfa price index.

“(C) INDEX.—The alfalfa price index for purposes of the research and development under this paragraph shall use—

“(i) a combination of commodities traded on the futures market that provides an indication of feed market value; or

“(ii) other alternatives that provide a similar indication, as determined by the Corporation.

“(D) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a report that describes—

“(i) the results of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (A); and

“(B) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a report that describes—

“(i) the results of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (A); and

“(B) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a report that describes—

“(i) the results of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (A); and

“(vi) any other severe weather or growing condition, as determined by the Secretary.

“(B) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—The research and development under subparagraph (A) shall—

“(i) evaluate the feasibility of developing a single index policy to insure against multiple hazards, such as drought and excessive moisture;

“(iii) study and evaluate potentially relevant data sources, such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or other federally or State-certified weather sources, public and private satellite data, and weather and climate data and models; and

“(iv) consider consultation with licensed actuaries with experience in developing index policies insuring agricultural production.

“(C) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a report that describes—

“(i) the results of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (A); and

“(I) any challenges to developing the policy described in subparagraph (A); and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Corporation shall carry out research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to carry out research and development, regarding an index-based policy to insure crops during the growing season and prior to harvest (such as apples, blueberries, cherries, citrus, melons, peaches, peppers, strawberries, sugarcane, and tomatoes) against losses due to a frost, freeze, or cold weather event.

“(B) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—The research and development under subparagraph (A) shall—

“(i) evaluate the effectiveness of risk management tools, such as the use of an index, with respect to low-frequency and catastrophic loss weather events; and

“(ii) if the requirements of section 508(h) are met, make available a policy described in subparagraph (A) that provides protection for at least 1 of the following:

“(C) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a report that describes—

“(i) the results of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (A); and

“(B) REQUIREMENTS.—The research and development under subparagraph (A) shall include—

“(i) a review of prevented planting coverage factors and an evaluation of whether to include cover crop seed costs and costs relating to grazing in the calculation of a factor;

“(ii) the extent to which cover crops reduce the risk of subsequent prevented planting;

“(iii) the extent to which cover crops make crops more resilient to, or otherwise reduce the risk of, loss resulting from natural disasters such as drought;

“(iv) the extent to which consistent use of cover crops, type of cover crop, cover crop management, or interactions with other practices, such as tillage or rotation, affects risk reduction;

“(v) whether rotational, adaptive, or other prescribed grazing of cover crops can maintain or improve risk reduction; and

“(vi) the best method to account for any reduced risk associated with using cover crops, and to provide a benefit to producers using cover crops, through practice-based rating.

“(C) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall make available on the website of the Corporation, and submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, a report that describes—

“(i) the results of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (A); and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall carry out research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to carry out research and development, regarding—

“(i) ways to increase participation of organic producers in Federal crop insurance; and

“(ii) impediments that organic producers face in participating in Federal crop insurance.

“(B) CONTENTS.—The research and development under subparagraph (A) shall include research relating to, with respect to organic crops—

“(vi) the compatibility of Federal crop insurance requirements with organic standards; and

“(C) REGULATIONS.—Notwithstanding the second sentence of section 508(a)(1) and section 508(a)(2), the Secretary shall revise applicable regulations based on the findings of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (A) if the results of that research and development are viable.

“(D) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a report that describes—

“(i) the results of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (A); and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Corporation shall carry out research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to carry out research and development, regarding the feasibility of dividing large counties into smaller administrative units for purposes of plans of insurance that trigger indemnities based on an area-wide loss.

“(B) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall publish a report that describes—

“(i) the results of the research and development carried out under subparagraph (A); and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Corporation shall carry out research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to carry out research and development, regarding a policy or endorsement to insure the additional value of climate-smart commodities and other commodities with ecosystem markets or other value-added opportunities, including consideration of 1 or more of the following factors:

“(i) Inability to complete climate-smart practices, such as tillage to control weeds, due to factors outside the control of a producer.

“(ii) Weather-related factors affecting conservation rotation, use of a cover crop, or use of split nitrogen fertilization.

“(B) AVAILABILITY OF POLICY.—Notwithstanding the second sentence of section 508(a)(1) and section 508(a)(2), not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall make available 1 or more policies or endorsements described in subparagraph (A) if the requirements of section 508(h) are met with respect to that policy.

(a) Continuing education for loss adjusters.—Section 515(k)(2)(C) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1515(k)(2)(C)) is amended—

(1) by striking “including conservation” and inserting the following: “including—

(2) in clause (i) (as so designated), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

“(ii) policies and plans of insurance for specialty crop producers (including whole farm revenue protection policies developed under section 522(c)(7) and individual plans of insurance); and

(b) Partnerships for risk management development and implementation.—Section 522 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (2), by striking “The Corporation may” and inserting the following: “The Corporation—

“(A) shall enter into 1 or more partnerships with appropriate public and private entities with demonstrated capabilities—

“(i) in developing and implementing risk management and marketing opportunities for underserved agricultural producers; and

“(ii) in training and credentialing crop insurance agents and adjusters within underserved agricultural communities; and

(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (H) as clauses (i) through (viii), respectively, and indenting appropriately; and

(ii) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking “The Corporation may enter into a partnership under paragraph (2)—” and inserting the following: “The Corporation—

“(i) to provide strategic outreach and engage underserved agricultural populations about crop insurance;

“(ii) to increase adoption of risk management tools in underserved agricultural communities; and

“(iii) to increase the representation of underserved insurance agents and loss adjusters providing service to underserved communities; and

(B) in clause (ii), by striking “fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter.” and inserting “for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2024; and”; and

(1) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking “for the purpose of educating agricultural producers and providing technical assistance to agricultural producers” and inserting “for the purpose of educating and providing technical assistance to agricultural producers, including language translation services, as appropriate,”;

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “and outreach” and inserting “outreach, and language translation services, as appropriate,”;

(D) in subparagraph (F), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

“(H) approved insurance providers and agents, for the purpose of facilitating the selling and servicing of whole farm revenue protection policies developed under section 522(c)(7).”; and

“(5) REPORT.—The Secretary shall make publicly available an annual report that contains, with respect to the year covered by the report—

“(A) a description of the grants and funding provided under this subsection; and

“(B) an overview and analysis of the educational activities conducted under this subsection.”.

Section 508(a)(7) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(7)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (B), by striking “Using” and inserting “On an annual basis, using”; and

(2) in subparagraph (C)(i), by striking “the review under subparagraph (B), and not less frequently than once every 3 years thereafter” and inserting “an annual review under subparagraph (B)”.

(1) by striking “including scientifically” and inserting the following: “including—

(2) in subclause (I) (as so designated), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

The Federal Crop Insurance Act is amended by inserting after section 508D (7 U.S.C. 1508d) the following:

“(1) COVERED INSURANCE PROGRAM.—The term ‘covered insurance program’ means a policy or plan of insurance offered by the Corporation.

“(2) QUALIFYING COVER CROP.—The term ‘qualifying cover crop’ means a crop that—

“(A) is cereal or another grass, legumes, brassica, nonlegume broadleaf, or any combination of those crops;

“(3) SOIL HEALTH CONSERVATION PRACTICE.—The term ‘soil health conservation practice’ means any in-field conservation practice that improves soil health and is expected to improve the long-term viability of a producer through risk reduction, improved yields, reduced costs, or increased revenue through ecosystem markets.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Beginning with crop year 2026, the Secretary shall provide additional premium subsidies to producers for each acre—

“(A) in a covered insurance program, including through a whole farm revenue protection policy developed under section 522(c)(7), on which—

“(ii) a similar in-field soil health conservation practice is implemented; and

“(B) that was enrolled in a qualifying cover crop or similar in-field soil health conservation practice program administered by a State to provide premium subsidies under an agreement or memorandum of understanding with the Risk Management Agency pursuant to section 508(c)(8).

“(2) REPORT.—A producer that receives an additional premium subsidy under paragraph (1) for a crop year shall submit to the Secretary a report of acreage form for each acre described in paragraph (1) with respect to that crop year.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), an additional premium subsidy provided to a producer under subsection (b)(1) shall be—

“(A) calculated on a common land unit basis or an equivalent or more-precise basis; and

“(i) the number of acres of the producer for which the additional premium subsidy is provided; and

“(ii) the amount of the premium subsidy provided by the State program per acre, up to $5 per acre.

“(2) LIMITATION.—An additional premium subsidy provided to a producer under subsection (b)(1) for an acre described in that subsection shall not exceed the amount of the premium owed by the producer with respect to that acre.

“(3) PRODUCER-SHARES.—The amount of an additional premium subsidy provided to a producer under subsection (b)(1) shall be modified to reflect the individual producer-share of the acres covered by the subsidy.

“(4) INCLUSION.—Participation by a producer in a State program that provides premium subsidies for conservation practices, including cover crops, shall not disqualify a producer from receiving assistance under this section.

“(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Of the funds of the Corporation, the Secretary shall use such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.

“(2) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, OUTREACH, AND PROGRAM SUPPORT.—Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall use not more than $5,000,000 to provide technical assistance, outreach, and program support with respect to this section.”.

Section 508(e)(5) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(5)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(F) ENTERPRISE UNITS FOR FALLOW AND CONTINUOUS ROTATIONS.—Beginning with the 2026 crop year, the Corporation may allow a producer to establish separate enterprise units for fallow and continuous practices of crops.”.

Section 508A(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508a(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(i) COVERED COUNTY.—The term ‘covered county’ means a county that experienced, in each of 3 consecutive years, in any area of the county, extreme drought (D3 or worse intensity), as measured by, and indicated in a report of, the United States Drought Monitor, that may impact the ability of a producer to plant during the normal planting period, as determined by the Secretary.

“(ii) COVERED RULE.—The term ‘covered rule’ means the eligibility requirement for prevented planting insurance, as described in section 17(f)(8) of the most recent version of the Common Crop Insurance Policy Basic Provisions, under which planting of a crop must have occurred once in the 4 most recent crop years preceding the current crop year (commonly referred to as the ‘1-in-4 rule’).

“(B) WAIVER.—The covered rule may be waived in a covered county in response to extraordinary circumstances, as determined by the Secretary.”.

Section 508(a)(7) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(7)) (as amended by section 11206) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding subsections (b)(4), (c)(1), and (c)(2), not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Corporation shall establish a pilot program under which the Corporation may underwrite whole farm revenue protection, micro farm, and other policies, as determined by the Secretary.

“(ii) PRIORITIES.—In carrying out the pilot program under clause (i), the Corporation shall give priority to underserved producers, commodities, and geographic areas, including underserved producers, commodities, and geographic areas identified in the most recent report submitted under subparagraph (C)(i).

“(iii) INAPPLICABILITY OF SRA OR LPRA.—A policy underwritten pursuant to the pilot program under clause (i) shall not be subject to the terms of the Standard Reinsurance Agreement or the Livestock Price Reinsurance Agreement.

“(iv) A&O SUBSIDY.—The Corporation may pay agents that sell a policy underwritten pursuant to the pilot program under clause (i) up to the total amount of the administrative and operating subsidy that the Corporation would have paid an approved insurance provider if the policy were subject to the Standard Reinsurance Agreement or the Livestock Price Reinsurance Agreement.”.

(a) Minimum paid to agency or agents.—Section 508(a)(10) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(10)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(F) MINIMUM ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATING SUBSIDY PAID TO AGENCY OR AGENTS.—An approved insurance provider shall pay to the agency or agent, as determined by the Corporation, that sells a Federal crop insurance policy not less than 80 percent but not more than 100 percent of the administrative and operating subsidy that the approved insurance provider receives from the Corporation for that policy.”.

(b) Area-Based plans.—Section 508(k)(4)(F) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)(4)(F)) is amended by striking “through (E)” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: “through (E)—

“(i) for each of the 2009 through 2025 reinsurance years, the reimbursement rate for area policies and plans of insurance widely available as of the date of enactment of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8701 et seq.) or authorized under subsection (c)(4)(C) or section 508B shall be 12 percent of the premium used to define loss ratio for that reinsurance year; and

“(ii) for the 2026 reinsurance year, and each reinsurance year thereafter, the reimbursement rate for area policies and plans of insurance widely available as of the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 or authorized under subsection (c)(4)(C) or section 508B shall be 17 percent of the premium used to define loss ratio for that reinsurance year.”.

(c) Whole farm revenue protection, micro farm, and producers not adequately served.—Section 508(k)(4) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)(4)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(G) WHOLE FARM REVENUE PROTECTION AND MICRO FARM AGENT INCENTIVES.—Beginning with the 2026 reinsurance year, in the case of an agent that sells a whole farm revenue or micro farm policy (or a successor policy), the Corporation shall provide to the approved insurance provider, to pay entirely to the agent, an additional amount, determined in accordance with the following:

“(i) If the maximum compensation of the agent authorized under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement, the Livestock Price Reinsurance Agreement, or a successor agreement for the policy is less than $1,000, the additional amount of agent compensation shall be equal to the difference between—

“(II) the maximum amount authorized under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement, the Livestock Price Reinsurance Agreement, or a successor agreement for the policy, as applicable.

“(ii) If the producer, or any entity in which the producer has an insurable interest, has never previously obtained coverage under a whole farm revenue or micro farm policy (or a successor policy), the additional amount of agent compensation shall be $300 for each whole farm revenue or micro farm policy (or successor policy), in addition to any amount authorized under clause (i).

“(i) DEFINITION OF COVERED AGENT.—In this subparagraph, the term ‘covered agent’ means an agent that sells a policy to—

“(II) a producer of an agricultural commodity in a State identified as not adequately served in the most recent review required under subsection (a)(7)(B).

“(ii) ADDITIONAL INCENTIVE.—Beginning with the 2026 reinsurance year, if the maximum compensation of a covered agent authorized under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement, the Livestock Price Reinsurance Agreement, or a successor agreement for a policy described in clause (i) is less than $500, the Corporation shall provide to the approved insurance provider, to pay entirely to the covered agent, an additional amount equal to the difference between—

“(II) the maximum amount authorized under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement, the Livestock Price Reinsurance Agreement, or a successor agreement for the policy, as applicable.”.

(d) Reimbursement for administrative and operating expenses with respect to specialty crops contracts.—Section 508(k) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(A) MINIMUM REIMBURSEMENT.—Beginning with the 2025 reinsurance year and for each reinsurance year thereafter, the rate of reimbursement to approved insurance providers for administrative and operating expenses with respect to crop insurance contracts covering agricultural commodities described in section 101 of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 (7 U.S.C. 1621 note; Public Law 108–465) shall be equal to or greater than the percent that is the greater of—

“(ii) the percent of the premium used to define loss ratio that is otherwise applicable for the reinsurance year under the terms of the Standard Reinsurance Agreement in effect for that reinsurance year.

“(B) OTHER CONTRACTS.—In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Corporation shall not reduce, with respect to any reinsurance year, the amount or the rate of reimbursement to approved insurance providers under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement described in clause (ii) of that subparagraph for administrative and operating expenses with respect to contracts covering agricultural commodities that are not subject to that subparagraph.

“(C) ADMINISTRATION.—No adjustment made pursuant to this paragraph shall be considered a renegotiation under paragraph (8)(A).”.

(e) Compensation data collection.—Section 508(k) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)) (as amended by subsection (d)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(A) DATA FROM CORPORATION.—The Corporation shall submit to the Secretary, on an annual basis, such data as are required by the Secretary relating to the subsidies for administrative and operating expenses paid during the relevant year by the Corporation on behalf of a policyholder to the applicable approved insurance provider for eligible crop insurance contracts for additional coverage levels, in accordance with paragraph (4).

“(B) DATA FROM APPROVED INSURANCE PROVIDERS.—An approved insurance provider shall submit to the Secretary, on an annual basis, such data relating to agent compensation as are required by the Secretary.”.

(f) Inflation adjustment.—Section 516 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1516) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), the combined total amount of reimbursements for administrative and operating costs provided by the Corporation under section 508(k)(4), administrative and operating expenses of the Corporation described in subsection (a)(2)(A), and administrative and operating expenses of an approved insurance provider described in subsection (a)(2)(B) shall not exceed—

“(B) for each reinsurance year thereafter, an amount equal to 101.5 percent of the maximum allowable amount for the preceding reinsurance year.

“(2) EXCLUSIONS FROM CALCULATION.—A payment made pursuant to subparagraph (G) or (H) of section 508(k)(4) shall not be included in calculating the combined total amount of reimbursements for a reinsurance year under paragraph (1).”.

(1) in subsection (a), by striking “the Classification Act of 1923, as amended” each place it appears and inserting “chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code”;

“(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Corporation shall establish a committee, to be known as the ‘Specialty Crop Insurance Advisory Committee’ (referred to in this subsection as the ‘Committee’).

“(2) COMPOSITION.—The Committee shall consist of not more than 10 members who represent the interests of a wide range of specialty crop insurance stakeholders in different geographical areas of the United States, including with respect to—

“(B) shall be appointed to staggered 4-year terms, as determined by the Secretary; and

“(4) COMPENSATION.—A member of the Committee shall serve without compensation.

“(5) ENGAGEMENT WITH OTHER SPECIALTY CROP POSITIONS.—The Committee shall regularly engage with the Specialty Crops Coordinator and Specialty Crop Liaisons under subsection (g)—

“(B) to explore opportunities for the Department to better serve specialty crop producers.

“(6) RECOMMENDATIONS TO BOARD.—The Committee may submit to the Board recommendations regarding consideration by the Board of new specialty crop policies, or the expansion of available specialty crop policies, on a broad range of issues relating to specialty crops, including—

“(A) the selection of expert reviewers for proposals to develop new specialty crop policies; and

“(B) the percentage of advance payment approved to be paid to the developer of a specialty crop policy.”.

Section 508(a)(6) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(6)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “1 of each” and inserting “2 of each”;

(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking “report to Congress on” and inserting “publish a report with respect to”;

Section 508(h)(3) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(h)(3)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking “including commodities for which there is no insurance;” and inserting the following: “including—

(2) in subparagraph (C), by striking “approval, the Board” in the matter preceding clause (i) and all that follows through the period at the end of clause (iv) and inserting the following: “approval, the Board shall prioritize the development, improvement, expansion, and approval of coverage for—

“(i) specialty crop producers to ensure that coverage for at least 1 new specialty crop and 1 new State is available to producers each year; and

“(ii) cost-of-production risk to ensure that such coverage options are available to additional producers.”.

(1) in subclause (I), by striking “(I) the intended” and inserting “(I)(aa) the intended”;

Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is amended by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the following:

“(6) PRIORITIES.—The Corporation shall generally prioritize the development and expansion of policies that increase participation by underserved producers and producers of underserved agricultural commodities (such as sweet sorghum, biomass sorghum, rice, peanuts, sugarcane, alfalfa, pennycress, dedicated energy crops, and specialty crops), including, with respect to specialty crops—

“(A) expansion of the production revenue history policy or similar policies to additional specialty crops and States to ensure that coverage is available to producers for at least 1 new specialty crop and 1 new State each year; and

“(B) increasing participation in whole-farm revenue protection policies by addressing barriers to producers from purchasing whole-farm revenue protection and micro farm policies, including barriers between agents and approved insurance providers in marketing and servicing those policies.”.

(a) In general.—Section 506(n) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1506(n)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(A) not less frequently than once each year, review for actuarial soundness any policies or plans of insurance developed pursuant to section 508(h) that had more than $500,000,000 in liability annually;

“(B) take necessary actions to align those policies or plans of insurance with the applicable standard for actuarial soundness, if needed; and

“(ii) the performance of the policies or plans of insurance described in that subparagraph; and

(b) Specialized experts.—Section 507 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1507) (as amended by section 11401(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(i) Specialized experts.—The annual rate of basic pay for up to 3 specialized experts, such as actuaries, as determined by the Administrator of the Risk Management Agency, may be established and adjusted by the Administrator of the Risk Management Agency without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code.”.

(c) Submission of policies and materials to Board.—Section 508(h) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(h)) is amended—

(A) in clause (i)(I), by striking “clause (ii)” and inserting “clauses (ii) and (iii)”; and

“(iii) WAIVER FOR CERTAIN POLICIES FOR SPECIALTY CROPS PRODUCERS.—The Corporation may waive the viability and marketability requirement under clause (i)(I) in the case of a policy or pilot program for which an urgent need has been identified, or recommendation has been provided, by a majority of members of the Specialty Crop Insurance Advisory Committee established under section 507(h).”;

(2) in paragraph (3)(A)(ii)(I), by inserting “, as determined in accordance with paragraph (4)(F)” before the semicolon at the end; and

“(I) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subclause (II), any policy, plan of insurance, or material approved and finalized fewer than 120 days prior to the applicable sales closing date—

“(II) EXCEPTION.—The Secretary may allow a policy, plan of insurance, or material described in subclause (I) to be implemented during the current reinsurance year if the Secretary finds that the policy, plan of insurance, or material will address an urgent need of producers.

“(III) FINALIZATION.—The finalization of a policy, plan of insurance, or material under subclause (I) shall include making available handbooks, training materials, and other resources required for the effective sale of approved policies, plans of insurance, or materials.”; and

“(F) MARKETABILITY ASSESSMENT.—For purposes of determining marketability under paragraph (3)(A)(ii)(I), if a policy or plan of insurance submitted to the Board under this subsection includes a favorable marketability assessment from an approved insurance provider, not earlier than 30 days before the Board takes final action on that policy or plan of insurance, that approved insurance provider shall have an opportunity to provide to the Board an updated marketability assessment.”.

Section 508(i) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(i)) is amended—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—To maximize participation in the Federal crop insurance program and to ensure equity for producers, the Corporation shall review the methodologies employed for rating plans of insurance under this Act in accordance with section 507(c)(2)—

“(B) FACTORS FOR CONSIDERATION.—In conducting a review under subparagraph (A), the Corporation shall ensure that the rating methodology used by the Corporation—

“(i) achieves regionally consistent outcomes in insurance participation and reinsurance;

“(II) increasing frequency of extreme weather events and climatic impacts; and

“(iii) engenders premium rates regionally and on a national basis in accordance with subsection (d)(1).

“(C) EXPERT REVIEW.—The Corporation shall make the rating methodology used by the Corporation, and any changes to that methodology, available for review and comment by at least 3 outside experts before implementing a change.”;

(4) in paragraph (2) (as so redesignated), by inserting “and coverage level” before the period at the end; and

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than January 1, 2026, and not less frequently than once every 3 years thereafter, subject to clause (ii), the Administrator of the Risk Management Agency (referred to in this paragraph as the ‘Administrator’) shall review the premium rates for all crops and policies and plans of insurance, by county.

“(ii) MORE FREQUENT REVIEWS.—The Administrator shall conduct a review under clause (i) more frequently for any policy, plan of insurance, or region of the United States that meets 1 or more of the following criteria:

“(I) Policies or plans of insurance with more than $500,000,000 in liability annually.

“(II) Policies, plans of insurance, or regions with consistently high or low loss ratios, as determined by the Administrator.

“(III) Policies, plans of insurance, or regions that, as determined by the Administrator, have been consistently placed in the assigned risk pool.

“(B) RATE ADJUSTMENTS.—In conducting rate reviews under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall—

“(i) take necessary actions to align the reviewed policies or plans of insurance with standards for actuarial soundness, if needed, including by modifying rates by the percentage indicated by the rating model of the Risk Management Agency, subject to the conditions that—

“(I) if the rating model of the Risk Management Agency indicates that rates must increase, the Administrator shall increase the rates by not more than 20 percent, as compared to the comparable rate of the preceding crop year; and

“(II) if the rating model of the Risk Management Agency indicates that rates must decrease, the Administrator shall decrease the rates by the full amount indicated; and

“(II) the performance of the policies and plans of insurance subject to the review; and

(A) in the paragraph heading, by striking “technologies” and inserting “technologies; data analytics and improvement”;

“(B) support advancing and improving the development and application of remote sensing, machine learning, and computational modeling to continually improve the administration and enforcement of this subtitle.”; and

(A) in the paragraph heading, by inserting “and data analytics innovation and improvement” after “mining”;

(B) by striking “$4,000,000 for fiscal year 2009” and inserting “$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025”; and

(C) by inserting “, of which not less than $4,000,000 shall be used in each fiscal year to carry out subparagraph (B) of that subsection” before the period at the end.

Section 522(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(b)) is amended—

(i) in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking “costs of the applicant shall be considered reasonable costs if the costs are based on” and inserting “reasonable costs may include”; and

(I) by striking “wage rates equal to not more than” and inserting “actual wage rates up to”; and

(II) by striking “incurred,” and all that follows through “2016” and inserting “incurred”; and

“(iii) SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS.—On the request of the Board, applicants shall provide third-party documents, such as tax documents and receipts, as support for a request for reimbursement of actual costs.”;

(A) by striking “based on the complexity” and inserting the following: “based on—

(B) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

“(C) whether the policy has had consistent, unexplainable, and high loss ratios; and

“(D) whether the developer has demonstrated a pattern or practice of noncompliance with requests from the Board or the Department.”.

Section 508(k)(8) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)(8)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(G) ENGAGEMENT WITH CROP INSURANCE AGENTS.—The Corporation shall engage with entities representing crop insurance agents during any renegotiation under subparagraph (A).”.

Section 515 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1515) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—No person may take any action, including an action described in subparagraph (B)—

“(i) to impede an individual, including an agent, a loss adjuster, or a producer, from reporting to the Secretary, the Corporation, or the Risk Management Agency—

“(I) a possible violation of this subtitle or the regulations promulgated thereunder; or

“(II) fraud, waste, or abuse relating to the Federal crop insurance program; or

“(ii) to penalize or discriminate against an individual for reporting under clause (i).

“(i) any action relating to the terms and conditions of employment of an individual described in clause (i) of that subparagraph;

“(ii) any action relating to the obtaining of any policy or plan of insurance by such an individual; and

“(iii) any changes to the compensation of such an individual for the sale or service of a policy or plan of insurance.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in clause (ii), an individual who alleges that a person has taken an action in violation of paragraph (1) may bring an action under this subsection against that person in the appropriate district court of the United States for the relief provided in paragraph (3).

“(ii) FEDERAL EMPLOYEE.—If the individual who is alleging that a person has taken an action in violation of paragraph (1) is an employee of the Federal Government, the individual may only bring an action under section 1221 of title 5, United States Code.

“(B) SUBPOENAS.—A subpoena requiring the attendance of a witness at a trial or hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection may be served at any place in the United States.

“(C) STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.—An action under this subsection may not be brought more than 2 years after the date on which the alleged violation of paragraph (1) is committed.

“(3) RELIEF.—Relief for an individual prevailing in an action brought under paragraph (2) shall include—

“(A) reinstatement with the same seniority status that the individual would have had but for the discrimination;

“(B) the amount of back pay or compensation otherwise owed to the individual, with interest; and

“(C) compensation for any special damages sustained as a result of prohibited action, including litigation costs, expert witness fees, and reasonable attorney’s fees.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Secretary, the Corporation, and the Risk Management Agency shall not disclose any information that may reasonably be expected to reveal the identity of an individual who reports a possible violation or fraud, waste, or abuse described in subclauses (I) and (II) of paragraph (1)(A)(i), respectively, including information provided by that individual.

“(i) RECORDS MAINTAINED ON INDIVIDUALS.—The Secretary, the Corporation, and the Risk Management Agency shall only disclose information described in subparagraph (A) in accordance with section 552a of title 5, United States Code.

“(ii) PUBLIC PROCEEDING.—The Secretary, the Corporation, and the Risk Management Agency shall disclose information described in subparagraph (A) if that information is required to be disclosed to a defendant or respondent in connection with a public proceeding instituted by the Commission or any entity described in items (aa) through (dd) of clause (iii)(I).

“(I) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, the Corporation, and the Risk Management Agency may, if determined by the Secretary to be necessary or appropriate to accomplish the purposes of this subtitle, make the information described in subparagraph (A) available to—

“(cc) a State attorney general in connection with any criminal investigation; and

“(II) CONFIDENTIAL STATUS.—The provision of information under subclause (I) to the entities described in that subclause shall not affect the status of the information as confidential.

“(III) MAINTENANCE OF INFORMATION.—Each entity described in items (aa) through (dd) of subclause (I) shall maintain the information provided under that subclause as confidential in the same manner as the information is maintained by the Secretary, the Corporation, and the Risk Management Agency under subparagraph (A).

“(C) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this paragraph limits the ability of the Attorney General to present evidence containing information described in subparagraph (A) to a grand jury or share such evidence with potential witnesses or defendants in the course of an ongoing criminal investigation.

“(D) APPLICABILITY.—For purposes of subparagraph (A), this section shall be considered a statute described in section 552(b)(3)(B) of title 5, United States Code.

“(5) RIGHTS RETAINED.—Nothing in this subsection shall diminish the rights, privileges, or remedies of any whistleblower under any Federal or State law or any collective bargaining agreement.

“(6) NONENFORCEABILITY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS WAIVING RIGHTS AND REMEDIES OR REQUIRING ARBITRATION OF DISPUTES.—

“(A) WAIVER OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES.—The rights and remedies provided for in this subsection may not be waived by any agreement, policy form, or condition of employment, including a predispute arbitration agreement.

“(B) PREDISPUTE ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS.—A predispute arbitration agreement shall not be valid or enforceable if the predispute arbitration agreement requires arbitration of a dispute arising under this subsection.”.

Section 508(o) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(o)) is amended by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:

“(A) CERTIFICATION.—As a condition on the receipt of benefits under this subtitle, a producer that has tilled native sod acreage for the production of an insurable crop as described in paragraph (2)(A) shall certify to the Secretary that acreage using—

“(i) an acreage report form of the Farm Service Agency (FSA–578 or any successor form); and

“(B) CORRECTIONS.—Beginning on the date on which a producer submits a certification under subparagraph (A), as soon as practicable after the producer discovers a change in tilled native sod acreage described in that subparagraph, the producer shall submit to the Secretary any appropriate corrections to a form or map described in clause (i) or (ii) of that subparagraph.

“(C) ANNUAL REPORTS.—Not later than January 1, 2026, and each January 1 thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that describes the tilled native sod acreage that has been certified under subparagraph (A) in each county and State as of the date of submission of the report.”.

(A) in paragraph (2)(A), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “subparagraph (B)—” and all that follows through “catastrophic” in clause (ii) and inserting “subparagraph (B), for each crop year, catastrophic”;

(2) in subsection (d)(1), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “than—” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting “than 1.0.”; and

(3) in subsection (k)(4)(A), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “exceed—” and all that follows through “24.5” in clause (ii) and inserting “exceed, for each insurance year, 24.5”.

(b) Subsection (a) of section 520 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1520) (as designated by section 11202(1)) is amended, in paragraph (2), by inserting “not less than” before “18”.

(2) by redesignating subsections (g) through (i) as subsections (e) through (g), respectively.

Section 10409A(d) of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8308a(d)) is amended—

(i) in the heading, by striking “Subsequent fiscal years” and inserting “Fiscal years 2023 and 2024”; and

(ii) by striking “fiscal year 2023 and each fiscal year thereafter” and inserting “each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024”; and

“(C) SUBSEQUENT FISCAL YEARS.—Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry out this section $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, of which not less than $18,000,000 shall be made available for each of those fiscal years to carry out subsection (b).”; and

(2) in paragraph (2) by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2029”.

Section 209(c) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1627a(c)) is amended by striking “and $400,000 for fiscal year 2024” and inserting “$400,000 for fiscal year 2024, and $3,000,0000 for fiscal year 2025”.

(1) POULTRY ESTABLISHMENTS.—The Poultry Products Inspection Act is amended by inserting after section 14 (21 U.S.C. 463) the following:

“(1) MEDIUM ESTABLISHMENT.—The term ‘medium establishment’ means an official establishment that has fewer than 500 employees but more than 50 employees.

“(2) SMALL ESTABLISHMENT.—The term ‘small establishment’ means an official establishment that has fewer than 50 employees.

“(b) Database of studies; model plans.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall—

“(1) establish a free, searchable database of approved peer-reviewed validation studies accessible to small establishments and medium establishments subject to inspection under this Act for use in developing a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points plan; and

“(2) publish online scale-appropriate model Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points plans for small establishments and medium establishments, including model plans for—

“(c) Guidance.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall publish a guidance document, after notice and an opportunity for public comment, providing information on the requirements that need to be met for small establishments and medium establishments to receive approval for a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points plan pursuant to this Act.

“(d) Data confidentiality.—In carrying out subsections (b) and (c), the Secretary shall not publish confidential business information, including a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points plan of an establishment, unless the establishment provides express written consent to publish the applicable information, which shall be published in a manner that does not identify the applicable establishment.”.

(2) MEAT ESTABLISHMENTS.—The Federal Meat Inspection Act is amended by inserting after section 25 (21 U.S.C. 625) the following:

“(1) MEDIUM ESTABLISHMENT.—The term ‘medium establishment’ means a slaughtering or meat processing establishment that has fewer than 500 employees but more than 50 employees.

“(2) SMALL ESTABLISHMENT.—The term ‘small establishment’ means a slaughtering or meat processing establishment that has fewer than 50 employees.

“(b) Database of studies; model plans.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall—

“(2) publish online scale-appropriate model Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points plans for small establishments and medium establishments, including model plans for—

(1) POULTRY PRODUCTS.—Section 5(a)(3) of the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 454(a)(3)) is amended in the second sentence by striking “50 per centum” and inserting “55 percent”.

(2) MEAT AND MEAT FOOD PRODUCTS.—Section 301(a)(3) of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 661(a)(3)) is amended in the second sentence by striking “50 per centum” and inserting “55 percent”.

(1) POULTRY PRODUCTS.—Section 31 of the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 472) is amended—

(i) in paragraph (2), by striking “25 employees” each place it appears and inserting “50 employees”; and

(aa) in clause (i), by striking “more than 25 employees but less than 35 employees” and inserting “more than 50 employees but less than 70 employees”; and

(bb) in clause (ii), by striking “subsection (i)” and inserting “subsection (j)”;

(B) in subsection (c), by striking “60 percent” and inserting “80 percent”;

(D) by redesignating subsections (f) through (i) as subsections (g) through (j), respectively; and

“(1) IN GENERAL.—In each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, for the purpose of State participation in the Cooperative Interstate Shipment program, the Secretary shall conduct outreach to, and, as appropriate, subsequent negotiation with, not fewer than 25 percent of the States that—

“(A) have a State poultry product inspection program pursuant to section 5; but

“(2) REPORT.—At the conclusion of each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, the Secretary shall submit a report detailing the activities and results of the outreach conducted during that fiscal year under paragraph (1) to—

“(C) the Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and

“(D) the Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.”.

(2) MEAT AND MEAT FOOD PRODUCTS.—Section 501 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 683) is amended—

(i) in paragraph (2), by striking “25 employees” each place it appears and inserting “50 employees”; and

(III) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking “more than 25 employees but fewer than 35 employees” and inserting “more than 50 employees but fewer than 70 employees”;

(B) in subsection (c), by striking “60 percent” and inserting “80 percent”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—In each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, for the purpose of State participation in the Cooperative Interstate Shipment program, the Secretary shall conduct outreach to, and, as appropriate, subsequent negotiation with, not fewer than 25 percent of the States that—

“(B) REPORT.—At the conclusion of each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, the Secretary shall submit a report detailing the activities and results of the outreach conducted during that fiscal year under paragraph (1) to—

“(iii) the Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and

“(iv) the Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies of the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.”.

(d) Processing resilience grant program.—Subtitle A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.) (as amended by section 10005) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) BUSINESS ENTERPRISE OWNED AND CONTROLLED BY SOCIALLY AND ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED INDIVIDUALS.—The term ‘business enterprise owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals’ has the meaning given the term in section 3002 of the State Small Business Credit Initiative Act of 2010 (12 U.S.C. 5701).

“(A) a slaughtering or processing establishment with fewer than 500 employees;

“(i) a State meat inspection program pursuant to section 301 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 661); or

“(ii) a State poultry product inspection program pursuant to section 5 of the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 454);

“(C) a person engaging in custom operations that is exempt from inspection under—

“(i) to establish and operate an establishment described in subparagraph (A) or (B); or

“(3) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall award competitive grants to eligible entities for activities to increase resiliency and diversification of the meat processing system, including activities that—

“(A) support the health and safety of meat and poultry plant employees, suppliers, and customers;

“(C) otherwise support the resilience of the small meat and poultry processing sector.

“(2) MAXIMUM AMOUNT.—The maximum amount of a grant awarded under this section shall not exceed $500,000.

“(3) DURATION.—The term of a grant awarded under this section shall not exceed 3 years.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity desiring a grant under this section shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.

“(2) APPLICATIONS FOR SMALL GRANTS.—The Secretary shall establish a separate, simplified application process for eligible entities applying for a grant under this section of not more than $100,000.

“(3) REQUIREMENTS.—The Secretary shall ensure that any application for a grant under this section is—

“(4) NOTICE.—Not later than 14 days before the date on which the Secretary begins to accept applications under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall publish a notice of funding opportunity with respect to the grants available under this section.

“(5) REAPPLICATION.—If an application of an eligible entity under this subsection is denied by the Secretary, the eligible entity may submit a revised application.

“(6) PRIORITY.—In reviewing applications submitted under this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to proposals that will—

“(A) increase farmer and rancher access to animal slaughter options within a 200-mile radius of the location of the farmer or rancher;

“(C) support an eligible entity that is a business enterprise owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals.

“(d) Use of grant.—An eligible entity that receives a grant under this section shall use the grant funds to carry out activities in support of the purposes described in subsection (b)(1), including through—

“(1) the development and issuance of a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points plan for the eligible entity, which may be developed by a consultant;

“(2) the purchase or establishment, as applicable, of facilities, equipment, processes, and operations necessary for the eligible entity to comply with applicable requirements under the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) or the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et seq.);

“(4) the purchase of temperature screening supplies, testing for communicable diseases, disinfectant, sanitation systems, hand washing stations, and other sanitizing supplies;

“(6) the construction or purchase of humane handling infrastructure, including holding space for livestock prior to slaughter, shade structures, and knock box structures;

“(7) (A) the purchase of software and computer equipment for record keeping, production data, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points record review, and facilitation of marketing and sales of products in a manner consistent with the social distancing guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and

“(B) the provision of guidelines and training relating to that software and computer equipment;

“(8) the provision of staff time and training for implementing and monitoring health and safety procedures;

“(9) the development of a feasibility study or business plan for, or the carrying out of any other activity associated with, establishing or expanding a small meat or poultry processing facility;

“(10) the purchase of equipment that enables the further use or value-added sale of coproducts or byproducts, such as organs, hides, and other relevant products; and

“(11) other activities associated with expanding or establishing an eligible entity described in subsection (a)(2)(A), as determined by the Secretary.

“(e) Outreach.—During the period beginning on the date on which the Secretary publishes the notice under subsection (c)(4) and ending on the date on which the Secretary begins to accept applications under subsection (c)(1), the Secretary shall perform outreach to States and eligible entities relating to grants under this section.

“(f) Federal share.—The Federal share of the activities carried out using a grant awarded under this section shall not exceed—

“(g) Administration.—The promulgation of regulations under, and administration of, this section shall be made without regard to—

“(1) the notice and comment provisions of section 553 of title 5, United States Code; and

“(2) chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code (commonly known as the ‘Paperwork Reduction Act’).

“(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out this section $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended.

“(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts made available under paragraph (1), there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out this section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”.

(a) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall revise section 201.67 of title 9, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act), to exempt the packers described in subsection (b) from the prohibition described in that section.

(b) Packers described.—A packer referred to in subsection (a) is a packer that—

(1) purchases live animals per year for a total amount that is less than $50,000,000; or

(2) owns less than 10 percent of a packer that purchases live animals per year for a total amount that is not less than $50,000,000.

Section 409 of the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 228b), is amended to read as follows:

“(a) Definition of covered payer.—In this section, the term ‘covered payer’ means—

“(b) Prompt payment for livestock.—Except as provided in subsection (c), each covered payer that purchases livestock shall promptly deliver to the seller or their duly authorized representative the full amount owed for that livestock by the close of—

“(1) the next business day following price determination and transfer of possession of the livestock, if payment for the full amount owed is made by—

“(B) placing a check in the United States mail (or equivalent mail service) properly addressed to the seller; or

“(C) transferring the full amount by any other expeditious method determined appropriate by the Secretary; or

“(2) the third business day following price determination and transfer of possession of the livestock, if payment for the full amount owed is made by—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may require, a covered payer and seller may expressly agree in writing, before a purchase or sale of livestock, to effect payment in a manner other than a manner required under subsection (b).

“(2) DISCLOSURE.—Any agreement under paragraph (1) shall be disclosed in the records of the covered payer and the seller, including any documents issued by the covered payer relating to the transaction.

“(d) Rule of construction.—A payment made by a covered payer pursuant to subsection (b) shall be considered—

“(2) to be made in contemporaneous exchange for new value for other relevant purposes.

“(1) DELAY IN PAYMENT OR ATTEMPT TO DELAY.—Any delay in making, or attempt to delay making, full payment for livestock by a covered payer in accordance with this section, including any such delay or attempt to delay for the purpose of, or that results in, extending the required period of payment under this section, shall be considered an unfair practice in violation of this Act.

“(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section limits the meaning of the term ‘unfair practice’ as used in this Act.”.

(a) In general.—Section 10405 of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8304) is amended—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs, in coordination with the Administrator of the Food Safety and Inspection Service, may preemptively negotiate, to the extent practicable, regionalization agreements regarding outbreaks of known animal disease threats with the governments of countries with key export markets for any animal, article, or associated means of conveyance from the United States.

“(2) RESEARCH.—A negotiation carried out under paragraph (1) is encouraged to take into account accepted global research advances.”.

(b) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this section or the amendments made by this section—

(2) requires the Secretary to condition other trade agreements on the inclusion of language relating to regionalization as described in subsection (d)(1) of section 10405 of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 3804).

The Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 is amended by inserting after section 216 (7 U.S.C. 6916) the following:

“(a) Establishment.—There is established in the Department an office, to be known as the ‘Office of the Special Investigator for Competition Matters’ (referred to in this section as the ‘Office’).

“(b) Special investigator for competition matters.—The Office shall be headed by the Special Investigator for Competition Matters (referred to in this section as the ‘Special Investigator’), who shall be a senior career employee appointed by the Secretary.

“(1) use all available tools, including subpoenas, to investigate and prosecute violations of the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.), by packers and live poultry dealers with respect to competition and trade practices in the food and agriculture sector;

“(2) serve as a Department liaison to, and act in consultation with, the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission with respect to competition and trade practices in the food and agricultural sector;

“(3) act in consultation with the Department of Homeland Security with respect to national security and critical infrastructure security in the food and agricultural sector;

“(4) maintain a staff of attorneys and other professionals with appropriate expertise; and

“(5) in carrying out paragraphs (1) through (4), coordinate with the Office of the General Counsel and the Packers and Stockyards Division of the Agricultural Marketing Service.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding title 28, United States Code, the Special Investigator shall have the authority to bring any civil or administrative action authorized under the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.), against a packer or a live poultry dealer.

“(2) NOTIFICATION.—With respect to any action brought under this section in Federal district court, the Special Investigator shall notify the Attorney General.

“(3) EFFECT.—Nothing in this section alters the authority of the Secretary to issue a subpoena pursuant to the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.).

“(e) Limitation on scope.—The Special Investigator may not bring an action under this section with respect to an entity that is not regulated under the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.).”.

The final rule of the Food Safety and Inspection Service entitled “Voluntary Labeling of FSIS-Regulated Products with U.S.-Origin Claims” (89 Fed. Reg. 19470 (March 18, 2024)) shall have the force and effect of law.

“SEC. 223. Cattle contracts library.

“(a) In general.—Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall establish and maintain, through the Livestock Mandatory Price Reporting program, a library or catalog (referred to in this section as the ‘library’), of each type of covered contract entered into between packers and producers for the purchase of fed cattle (including cattle that are purchased or committed for delivery), including any schedules of premiums or discounts associated with the covered contract.

“(b) Information collection.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—To maintain the library, the Secretary shall obtain information from each packer on each type of existing covered contract of the packer by requiring a filing or other form of information submission from each packer.

“(2) CONTRACT INFORMATION.—Information submitted to the Secretary by a packer under paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to each existing covered contract of a packer—

“(A) the type of contract;

“(B) the duration of the contract;

“(C) a summary of the contract terms;

“(D) provisions in the contract that may affect the price of cattle covered by the contract, including schedules, premiums and discounts, financing and risk-sharing arrangements, and transportation arrangements;

“(E) the total number of cattle covered by the contract solely committed to the packer each week within the 6-month and 12-month periods following the date of the contract and the percentage of cattle each week that may vary for delivery or nondelivery at the discretion of the packer, organized by reporting region or in such other manner as the Secretary may determine;

“(F) in the case of a contract in which a specific number of cattle are not solely committed to the packer—

“(i) an indication that the contract is an open commitment; and

“(ii) any weekly, monthly, annual, or other limitations or requirements on the number of cattle that may be delivered to the packer under the contract, including the percentage of cattle that may vary for delivery or nondelivery in a given time period at the discretion of the packer; and

“(G) a description of the provisions in the contract that provide for expansion in the numbers of fed cattle to be delivered under the contract for the 6-month and 12-month periods following the date of the contract.

“(c) Availability of information.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall make publicly available to producers and other interested persons information (including the information described in subsection (b)(2)), in a user-friendly format, on the types of covered contracts in the library, including notice (on a real-time basis, if practicable) of the types of covered contracts that are entered into between packers and producers for the purchase of fed cattle.

“(2) MONTHLY REPORT.—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Beginning 30 days after the library is established, the Secretary shall make the information obtained each month in the library available in a monthly report to producers and other interested persons.

“(B) CONTENTS.—The monthly report described in subparagraph (A) shall include—

“(i) based on the information collected under subsection (b)(2)(E), an estimate by the Secretary of the total number of fed cattle committed under covered contracts for delivery to packers within the 6-month and 12-month periods following the date of the report, organized by reporting region and type of contract;

“(ii) based on the information collected under subsection (b)(2)(F), the number of covered contracts with an open commitment and any weekly, monthly, annual, or other limitations or requirements on the number of cattle that may be delivered under such contracts, including the percentage of cattle that may vary for delivery or nondelivery in a given time period at the discretion of the packer; and

“(iii) based on the information collected under subsection (b)(2)(G), an estimate by the Secretary of the total maximum number of fed cattle that may be delivered within the 6-month and 12-month periods following the date of the report, organized by reporting region and type of contract.

“(d) Maintenance of library.—Information in the library about types of contracts that are no longer offered or in use shall be removed from the library.

“(e) Confidentiality.—The reporting requirements for packers under this section shall be subject to the confidentiality protections provided under section 251.

“(f) Violations.—It shall be unlawful and a violation of this Act for any packer to willfully fail or refuse—

“(1) to provide to the Secretary accurate information required under this section; or

“(2) to comply with any other requirement of this section.

“(g) Authorization of appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.”.

(a) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date on which each latest Census of Agriculture is made publicly available, the Administrator of the Economic Research Service shall publish a report on consolidation and concentration in the livestock industry, including—

(1) changes in the size and location of ranches, farms, processing facilities, and packers throughout the United States; and

(2) the impact of the changes described in paragraph (1) on farmers, ranchers, and downstream consumers, including—

(b) Sources of information.—In preparing a report under subsection (a), the Administrator of the Economic Research Service shall draw on data available to the Secretary of Agriculture, including the Census of Agriculture, inspection records of the Food Safety and Inspection Service, and the packing plant data of the Packers and Stockyards Division of the Agricultural Marketing Service.

(c) Report organization.—The report under subsection (a) shall separate information on beef cattle by cow-calf and fed cattle operations.

(d) Confidentiality.—A report published under subsection (a) shall not contain any confidential business information.

(e) Definition of livestock.—In this section, the term “livestock” includes beef, dairy, pork, lamb, and poultry production (including broilers, eggs, and turkeys).

(a) In general.—Section 2501 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279) is amended—

(i) by striking “Secretary of Agriculture” and inserting “Secretary, acting through the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture,”; and

(i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “, including those efforts to resolve ownership and succession on farmland that has multiple owners” after “programs”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (B)(i), by inserting “, including by providing interpretation and translation services when appropriate” before “; and”;

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “services,” and inserting “services (including interpretation and translation services),”;

(ii) in subparagraph (B), by inserting “, including strategies to resolve ownership and succession on land that has multiple owners” after “strategies”; and

(I) by striking “ranchers acquire” and inserting the following: “ranchers—

(II) in clause (i) (as so designated), by adding “and” after the semicolon; and

(ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking “fiscal year 2023” and inserting the following: “each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024; and

(1) Section 226B(d) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6934(d)) is amended—

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively.

(2) Section 201(a)(3)(D) of division HH of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (7 U.S.C. 6712(a)(3)(D)), is amended—

(3) Section 1235(f)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(f)(1)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)—

(4) Section 1240B(d)(4)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(d)(4)(A)) is amended, in the matter preceding clause (i)—

(5) Section 1241(h)(4) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(h)(4)) is amended—

(6) Section 1244(a)(2)(E) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(a)(2)(E)) is amended—

Section 2501A(c)(4) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279–1(c)(4)) is amended—

(a) In general.—Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish in the Department the position of USDA Ombudsperson (referred to in this section as the ‘Ombudsperson’), which shall be a career reserved position (as defined in section 3132(a) of title 5, United States Code) in the Senior Executive Service.

“(2) INDEPENDENT POSITION.—The Secretary shall take appropriate actions to ensure the independence of the Ombudsperson within the Department, including ensuring that the Ombudsperson shall be independent of other Department agencies and offices.

“(1) to assist farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners with navigating agencies and offices within the Department, including—

“(A) the civil rights offices within the farm production and conservation mission area and the Forest Service; and

“(2) to work with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights to review progress of complaints referred by the Ombudsperson;

“(3) to track the response of the Department to, and the progress of the Department with respect to implementing, recommendations made by Department advisory committees, including—

“(4) to ensure that the functions performed by the Ombudsperson are complementary to existing functions within the Department.

“(1) OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL.—The Ombudsperson shall refer to the Office of the Inspector General of the Department systemic issues that may affect the program delivery by the Department to members of protected classes.

“(2) OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS.—The Ombudsperson shall refer individual complaints of discrimination to the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights for processing.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than January 31, 2025, and annually thereafter, the Ombudsperson shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, without prior comment or amendment from the Secretary or any other officer or employee of the Department, or any officer or employee of the Office of Management and Budget, a report that describes the activities of the Ombudsperson during the preceding fiscal year, including—

“(B) the number of program complaints referred to the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights by the Ombudsperson; and

“(C) the final determinations of the complaints described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).

“(2) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The annual report described in paragraph (1) shall be made publicly available on the website of the Department.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—There is appropriated, out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $10,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to carry out this section, to remain available until expended.

“(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts otherwise made available, there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.”.

(b) Conforming amendment.—Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 is amended by redesignating section 225 (7 U.S.C. 6925) (relating to the Food Access Liaison) as section 224A.

Section 12607(c) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2204i(c)) is amended—

(1) CORRECTIVE ACTION.—The term “corrective action” means any action taken to respond to any covered action, violation, or misconduct that—

(A) would enhance civil rights at the Department of Agriculture, including any policy or programmatic changes to prevent similar misconduct from occurring in the future; and

(2) COVERED ACTION, VIOLATION, OR MISCONDUCT.—The term “covered action, violation, or misconduct” means a discriminatory action, a retaliatory action, harassment, a civil rights violation, or related misconduct, including the following:

(A) Failure to provide a receipt for service in accordance with section 2501A(e) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279–1(e)) to any current or prospective applicant for, or participant in, a Department of Agriculture program.

(B) Providing an inaccurate receipt for service under such section 2501A(e) to any such current or prospective applicant or participant.

(C) Failure to provide appropriate information regarding relevant programs and services at the Department of Agriculture, when requested by any such current or prospective applicant or participant.

(D) Failure to timely process applications or otherwise delaying program services to any such current or prospective applicant or participant.

(b) Requirement.—The Secretary shall ensure that appropriate corrective action is taken with respect to any official or employee of the Department of Agriculture who has been found to have engaged in any covered action, violation, or misconduct while in the course of the employment of such official or employee or in administering a Department of Agriculture program or service—

(1) in any administrative finding by the Department of Agriculture, including any final agency decision issued by the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights and any civil rights compliance review or misconduct investigation conducted by the Department of Agriculture;

(4) in any audit or investigation conducted by the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Agriculture; or

(a) Equitable relief from ineligibility for loans, payments, or other benefits.—Section 1613 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 7996) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsections (f), (g), and (h) as subsections (g), (h), and (k), respectively;

“(f) Equitable relief recommendations by the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights (or a designee of the Secretary in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, if no Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights is appointed and confirmed in accordance with section 218(b) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6918(b))) may recommend that the Secretary grant relief in accordance with subsections (b) through (d) to a participant who files a civil rights program complaint.

“(2) DECISIONS.—The Secretary shall provide a written explanation describing in detail why equitable relief was not granted to a participant who filed a civil rights program complaint if the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights (or the designee of the Secretary) makes a recommendation to the Secretary to grant relief to that participant in accordance with paragraph (1) and such relief was not granted.

“(3) OTHER AUTHORITY.—The authority provided to the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights (or the designee of the Secretary) under this subsection is in addition to any other applicable authority and does not limit other authority provided to the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights by law or by the Secretary.”; and

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “and (e)” and all that follows through the semicolon and inserting “and (e), the number of recommendations for equitable relief under subsection (f), and the dispositions of those requests and those recommendations;”; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “for equitable relief” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting “and recommendations for equitable relief under section 366 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008a) and the disposition of those requests and those recommendations.”.

(b) Equitable relief for actions taken in good faith.—Section 366 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008a) is amended—

“(b) Limitation.—The Secretary may only provide relief to a farmer or rancher under subsection (a) if the Secretary determines that the farmer or rancher—

“(1) acted in good faith and relied on an action of, or the advice of, the Secretary (including any authorized representative of the Secretary) to the detriment of the farming or ranching operation of the farmer or rancher; or

“(2) (A) failed to comply fully with the requirements to receive a loan described in subsection (a)(1), but made a good faith effort to comply with the requirements; and

“(B) is otherwise in compliance with the eligibility requirements for a direct farm ownership loan under subtitle A, a direct operating loan under subtitle B, or an emergency loan under subtitle C.”;

“(e) Equitable relief recommendations by the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights.—

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights (or a designee of the Secretary in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, if no Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights is appointed and confirmed in accordance with section 218(b) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6918(b))) may recommend that the Secretary grant relief in accordance with subsections (a) through (d) to an individual who files a complaint with respect to civil rights regarding a direct farm ownership, operating, or emergency loan under this title.

“(2) DECISIONS.—The Secretary shall provide a written explanation describing in detail why equitable relief was not granted to an individual who filed a complaint described in paragraph (1) if the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights (or the designee of the Secretary) makes a recommendation to the Secretary to grant relief to the individual in accordance with paragraph (1) and such relief was not granted.

(a) Minority Farmer Advisory Committee.—Section 14008 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2279 note; Public Law 110–246) is amended—

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting “, and make recommendations to the Secretary with respect to” after “Secretary on”;

“(4) ways to eliminate systemic issues and barriers that contribute to limited participation among minority farmers and ranchers in such programs; and

“(5) engagement with community-based organizations, civil rights organizations, institutions of higher education, and faith-based organizations to improve outreach and technical assistance to minority farmers and ranchers.”; and

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Not less frequently than once each year, the Committee shall submit to the Secretary a report that describes—

“(A) the advice provided and recommendations made to the Secretary under subsection (b) during the previous year;

“(C) recommendations for legislative or administrative action for the following year.

“(2) RESPONSE FROM THE SECRETARY.—Not later than 90 days after the date on which the Secretary receives a report under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit a written response to that report to the Committee.

“(3) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Secretary shall make the report under paragraph (1) and the written responses under paragraph (2) publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture.”.

(b) Advisory committee on beginning farmers and ranchers.—Section 5(b) of the Agricultural Credit Improvement Act of 1992 (7 U.S.C. 1929 note; Public Law 102–554) is amended—

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting “(referred to in this subsection as the ‘Advisory Committee’)” after “Ranchers’”; and

“(i) the program of coordinated assistance to qualified beginning farmers and ranchers under section 309(i) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1929(i));

“(ii) the Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Grant Program under section 2501(d) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279(d));

“(iii) direct operating loans under subtitle B of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1941 et seq.) provided to qualified beginning farmers and ranchers (as defined in section 343(a) of that Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)));

“(iv) the Local Agriculture Market Program under section 210A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1627c); and

“(v) other programs administered by the Department of Agriculture with the potential to serve primarily beginning farmers and ranchers, as identified by the Advisory Committee;

“(B) methods of maximizing the number of new farming and ranching opportunities created through the programs described in subparagraph (A); and

(2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking “Farmers Home Administration” and inserting “Farm Service Agency”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not less frequently than once each year, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Secretary a report that describes—

“(i) the advice provided to the Secretary under paragraph (1) during the previous year;

“(iii) recommendations for legislative or administrative action for the following year.

“(B) RESPONSE FROM THE SECRETARY.—Not later than 90 days after the date on which the Secretary receives a report under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall submit a written response to that report to the Advisory Committee.

“(C) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Secretary shall make the report under subparagraph (A) and the written responses under subparagraph (B) publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture.”.

(a) Office.—Section 222(a) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923(a)) is amended—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (F) and (G) as subparagraphs (G) and (H), respectively;

“(F) providing guidance on barriers to business establishment and operation;”;

(D) in subparagraph (H) (as so redesignated), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

“(I) promoting conservation techniques unique to urban agriculture and urban environmental impacts.”; and

“(A) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—In this paragraph, the term ‘eligible entity’ means any of the following:

“(iv) An Indian Tribe or Tribal organization (as those terms are defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)).

“(vi) A Native Hawaiian organization (as defined in section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517)).

“(vii) An agricultural producer group, farmer or rancher cooperative, or majority-controlled producer-based business venture (as determined by the Secretary).

“(i) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—The Director shall enter into cooperative agreements with eligible entities to support the implementation of 1 or more responsibilities described in paragraph (4) through outreach, education, technical assistance, or other activities that support the expansion and success of urban agriculture and innovative production operations.

“(ii) STREAMLINING.—To the maximum extent practicable, the Director shall utilize any existing cooperative agreements or collaborations with eligible entities to fulfill the responsibilities described in paragraph (4) effectively and efficiently.

“(C) PRIORITY.—In entering into cooperative agreements under subparagraph (B), the Director shall give priority to cooperative agreements with an eligible entity that—

“(i) serves geographic areas with high concentrations of urban or suburban farms;

“(ii) has established relationships with, or a history of serving, historically underserved populations;

“(iii) has experience working with individuals with limited English proficiency; or

“(iv) demonstrates experience providing urban agriculture technical assistance in their geographic region.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity may use funds from a cooperative agreement established under this paragraph to provide microgrants to urban and innovative producers for purchases of farm and production equipment, water infrastructure, or other investments to support the growth of the farm or farm business of the urban or innovative producer.

“(ii) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS.—An urban or innovative producer receiving a microgrant under clause (i) may not use the grant for the purchase or construction of—

(b) Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production Advisory Committee.—Section 222(b) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923(b)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (5)(B), by striking “1 year after the date on which the Committee is established, and every 2 years through 2023” and inserting “2 years after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, and every 2 years thereafter through 2029”; and

(2) in paragraph (7)(A), by striking “the date that” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting “September 30, 2029.”.

(c) Grants.—Section 222 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923) is amended by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall award competitive grants to support the development of urban agriculture and innovative production, such as community gardens, urban farms, rooftop farms, indoor farms, controlled-environment agriculture, urban agroforestry, and vertical production.

“(B) PRIORITY.—In awarding competitive grants under this subsection, the Director shall prioritize projects that improve access to local foods in areas where access to fresh, healthy food is limited.

“(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—An entity eligible to receive a grant under paragraph (1)(A) is any of the following:

“(C) An Indian Tribe or Tribal organization (as those terms are defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)).

“(E) A Native Hawaiian organization (as defined in section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517)).

“(F) An agricultural producer group, farmer or rancher cooperative, or majority-controlled producer-based business venture (as determined by the Secretary).

(d) Urban and suburban committees.—Section 222(d) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923(d)) is amended—

(1) in the subsection heading, by striking “Pilot projects” and inserting “Projects”; and

“(A) DEFINITION OF URBAN AND SUBURBAN COMMITTEE.—In this paragraph, the term ‘urban and suburban committee’ means a county committee in an urban or suburban area established under—

“(i) this subparagraph (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024) before that date of enactment; or

“(i) MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING URBAN AND SUBURBAN COMMITTEES.—The Secretary shall maintain—

“(I) each urban and suburban committee existing as of the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024; and

“(ii) ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW URBAN AND SUBURBAN COMMITTEES.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, and annually thereafter, as appropriate, the Secretary shall establish new urban and suburban committees in accordance with subparagraph (C).

“(iii) PHYSICAL OFFICE LOCATIONS FOR URBAN AND SUBURBAN COMMITTEES.—The Secretary shall ensure that each urban and suburban committee has a physical office location to service the needs of urban, suburban, or innovative agricultural producers.

“(C) REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF URBAN AND SUBURBAN COMMITTEES.—

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The maintenance and establishment of urban and suburban committees under subparagraph (B) shall be carried out in accordance with section 8(b)(5)(B) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (16 U.S.C. 590h(b)(5)(B)).

“(ii) STAKEHOLDER INPUT.—In determining where to establish a new urban and suburban committee under subparagraph (B)(ii), the Secretary shall consider feedback from local stakeholders on the need for a new urban and suburban committee in the applicable area.

“(D) PURPOSE OF URBAN AND SUBURBAN COMMITTEES.—The purpose of an urban and suburban committee shall be—

“(i) to operate in an urban or suburban area with a high concentration of urban, suburban, or innovative farms;

“(iii) to operate with a committee membership that is fairly representative of the producers in the applicable urban or suburban area.

“(i) STRUCTURE.—The office of an urban and suburban committee shall be structured—

“(II) as a regional office that serves a group of noncontiguous urban or suburban areas that cover a region.

“(ii) MINIMUM STAFF ALLOCATIONS IN NON-REGIONAL OFFICES OF URBAN AND SUBURBAN COMMITTEES.—

“(I) IN GENERAL.—The staff in the physical office of an urban and suburban committee structured as described in clause (i)(I) shall include, at a minimum—

“(aa) urban and suburban committee members based on whether the office serves a single county or multiple counties;

“(ee) such additional staff equal to the national average number of additional staff of county offices.

“(II) FARM LOAN OFFICER.—In lieu of having a farm loan officer on staff under subclause (I)(dd), the office of an urban and suburban committee may provide dedicated weekly, publicly advertised, office hours by a farm loan officer that is not on the staff of the urban and suburban committee.

“(iii) MINIMUM STAFF ALLOCATIONS IN REGIONAL OFFICES OF URBAN AND SUBURBAN COMMITTEES.—The staff in the physical office of an urban and suburban committee structured as described in clause (i)(II) shall include, at a minimum—

“(I) urban and suburban committee members, the number of which shall be based on standards established by the Secretary for combined county offices;

“(II) an Executive Director of the office established in an area served by the urban and suburban committee;

“(V) such additional staff as are necessary to equal the national average number of staff present in combined offices nationwide.

“(I) IN GENERAL.—The office of an urban and suburban committee shall maintain at least 1 dedicated, publicly accessible space in the area served by the urban and suburban committee—

“(bb) at which the staff of the office may meet with and serve customers of the office.

“(II) ACCEPTABLE FORMS.—A dedicated space described in subclause (I) may be—

“(bb) a space, including a shared space, at which a staff member of the office is present at least 1 day each week pursuant to a rotational schedule type of arrangement.

“(I) DISTRICT DIRECTORS.—The Secretary shall ensure that an urban district director is stationed at each Farm Service Agency State office that serves a State in which more than 1 office described in subparagraph (E) is established.

“(II) FSA STATE SPECIALISTS.—In order to provide specialized support for outreach and technical assistance to urban and suburban committees and offices established under this subsection, the Secretary may station a State specialist in the Farm Service Agency State office of a State described in subclause (I).

“(III) SERVICE OF MULTIPLE STATES.—Subject to subclause (II), a State specialist stationed at a Farm Service Agency State office described in that subclause may serve 1 or more States described in clause (ii)(I) in addition to the State described in that subclause.

“(I) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may station an urban agriculture and innovative production State specialist in a State office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service that serves a State in which only 1 office described in subparagraph (E) is established.

“(II) SERVICE OF MULTIPLE STATES.—The Secretary may require a State specialist described in subclause (I) stationed at a State office described in that subclause to serve 1 or more States described in that subclause.

“(G) RESPONSIBILITIES OF URBAN AND SUBURBAN COMMITTEES.—Each urban and suburban committee shall—

“(i) assist the Department in improving the delivery and performance of programs administered by the Secretary for urban, suburban, and innovative producers by identifying local, urban, and suburban agriculture and innovative production needs;

“(ii) conduct, in coordination with the Farm Service Agency and the Natural Resources Conservation Service, outreach to local stakeholders to provide education on and promote Department programs and services, with an emphasis on field level Farm Service Agency and Natural Resources Conservation Service programs in urban and suburban areas;

“(I) execute the policies established by the urban and suburban committee; and

“(II) be responsible for the day-to-day operations of the office of the urban and suburban committee;

“(v) recommend and review local administrative area boundaries based on the structure of the office of the urban and suburban committee, as described in subparagraph (E)(i);

“(ix) inform State committees and others in the Farm Service Agency and the Natural Resources Conservation Service about suggestions made by agricultural producers relating to Department programs; and

“(x) conduct hearings as directed by the applicable Farm Service Agency State committees.

“(i) ELECTIONS.—The election of members to an urban and suburban committee shall be administered according to section 8(b)(5)(B)(iii) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (16 U.S.C. 590h(b)(5)(B)(iii)).

“(ii) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible for nomination and election to an urban and suburban committee, an agricultural producer—

“(aa) be located within the area under the jurisdiction of the urban and suburban committee;

“(cc) produce, sell, or distribute goods using urban, indoor, or other innovative and emerging agricultural practices, as determined by the Secretary; and

“(II) shall not participate in any other county committee established by the Farm Service Agency.

“(iii) TEMPORARY APPOINTMENT.—In establishing a new urban and suburban committee under subparagraph (B)(ii), the Secretary may appoint initial members of that urban and suburban committee for an initial term of office not to exceed 1 year, until such time as the members of the urban and suburban committee are elected in accordance with clauses (i) and (ii).

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Nothing in this paragraph requires or precludes the establishment of a Farm Service Agency or Natural Resources Conservation Service office in a county in which an urban and suburban committee is established.

“(ii) COLOCATION.—In cases in which the office of an urban and suburban committee is colocated with a county committee that is not an urban and suburban committee, farm loan staff of the Farm Service Agency shall provide assistance to the urban, suburban, and innovative producers in the service area of that urban and suburban committee.

“(J) REPORT.—For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter through fiscal year 2029, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing—

“(ii) any meetings and other activities of the urban and suburban committees; and

“(iii) the types and volume of assistance and services provided to farmers in counties in which urban and suburban committees are established.

“(K) LIMITATION ON CLOSURE.—The office of an urban and suburban committee referred to in subparagraph (E) shall not be closed unless an Act making appropriations for the Department of Agriculture or another Act of Congress specifically authorizes such closure.”.

(e) Increasing community compost and reducing food waste.—Section 222(d) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923(d)) is amended by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following—

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall offer to enter into cooperative agreements with eligible entities described in subparagraph (C)(i) in not fewer than 10 States to develop and test strategies for—

“(i) planning and implementing municipal compost plans and food waste reduction plans; and

“(ii) the construction of at-scale composting or anaerobic digestion food waste-to-energy facilities.

“(B) LIMITATION.—An entity that receives assistance under this paragraph shall not use that assistance for an anaerobic digester that uses manure as the majority of its undigested biomass.

“(i) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—An entity eligible to enter into a cooperative agreement under subparagraph (A) is—

“(II) a special district government (including a soil and water conservation district);

“(III) an Indian Tribe or Tribal organization (as those terms are defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));

“(V) a Native Hawaiian organization (as defined in section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517)).

“(ii) PURPOSES OF PROJECTS.—Under a cooperative agreement entered into under this paragraph, the Secretary shall provide assistance to eligible entities described in clause (i), as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, to carry out planning and implementing activities that will—

“(i) CRITERIA.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall establish criteria for the selection of projects under this paragraph.

“(ii) CONSIDERATION.—In selecting, undertaking, or funding projects under this paragraph, the Secretary shall consider any commonly known significant impact on existing food waste recovery and disposal by commercial, marketing, or business relationships.

“(iii) PRIORITY.—In selecting a project under this paragraph, the Secretary shall give priority to an application for a project that—

“(II) incorporates plans to make compost easily accessible to agricultural producers, including community gardeners;

“(III) integrates other food waste strategies, including food recovery efforts; and

“(iv) LIMITATION.—Each fiscal year, not more than 40 percent of the amounts awarded by the Secretary under this paragraph for that fiscal year may be awarded to State governments.

“(E) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—The recipient of assistance for a project under this paragraph shall provide funds, in-kind contributions, or a combination of both from sources other than funds provided through the grant in an amount equal to not less than 25 percent of the amount of the grant.

“(F) EVALUATION.—The Secretary shall conduct an evaluation of the projects funded under this paragraph to assess different solutions for increasing access to compost and reducing municipal food waste, including an evaluation of—

(f) Authorization of appropriations.—Section 222 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923) is amended by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:

“(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary to carry out subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d)(2) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended.

“(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to any other amounts available to the Secretary, there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the provisions referred to in paragraph (1) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.

“(3) EFFECT.—For purposes of any appropriations and provisos thereto regarding the salaries and expenses of the Farm Service Agency, an office of an urban and suburban committee referred to in subsection (d)(1)(E) shall be deemed to be a county office unless that provision differentiates between a county office and an office of an urban and suburban committee.”.

(a) Establishment.—Subtitle D of title VII of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 is amended by inserting after section 7404 (7 U.S.C. 6934a) the following:

“(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘Director’ means the Director of the Office of Small Farms established under subsection (b)(2)(A).

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish in the Department the Office of Small Farms.

“(2) DIRECTOR.—The Secretary shall establish in the Office of Small Farms the position of Director, who shall be appointed by the Secretary.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall designate in each agency, office, and mission area described in subparagraph (B) a National Small Farms Coordinator.

“(B) AGENCIES, OFFICES, AND MISSION AREAS DESCRIBED.—The agencies, offices, and mission areas referred to in subparagraph (A) are—

“(vii) any other agency, office, or mission area of the Department that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

“(1) shall, not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, coordinate with the relevant agencies, offices, and mission areas of the Department—

“(A) to examine and update the definitions of ‘small farm’, ‘small-sized farm’, ‘small agricultural operation’, ‘small-scale farmer’, ‘small farmer’, and other similar terms, such that the definitions include a limited resource farmer, rancher, or forest landowner or a farm, a ranch, or forest land owned or operated by a limited resource farmer, rancher, or forest landowner;

“(B) to examine, update, and streamline the definition of ‘limited resource farmer or rancher’, such that the definition includes—

“(III) the low-income home energy assistance program established under the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 8621 et seq.); or

“(ii) other economically distressed farmers, ranchers, or forest landowners, as determined by the Secretary; and

“(C) to create a list of Department programs with set-asides, targeted funding, or priorities for small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners;

“(2) shall advise the Secretary and coordinate activities of the Department regarding programs, policies, and issues relating to small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners;

“(3) shall track application and participation rates of small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners, including a breakdown of limited resource farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners, for the programs identified under paragraph (1)(C);

“(4) shall determine whether to approve a plan submitted by a State small farms coordinator under subsection (f)(3)(A)(ii);

“(5) shall facilitate interagency and interdepartmental collaboration on issues relating to small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners at the national level;

“(A) regularly review Department programs and policies and identify statutes, regulations, policies, and guidance that disadvantage small farm, ranch, or forest operation participation;

“(B) recommend changes to ensure that those programs and policies adequately serve small farms, ranches, and forest operations; and

“(C) regularly review and update the list created under paragraph (1)(C), in coordination with the relevant agencies, offices, and mission areas of the Department;

“(7) shall regularly review Department research agendas and proposed research agendas on topics that are of special interest to small farms, ranches, and forest operations;

“(8) shall establish a program to provide grants of not more than $25,000, through the authority under subsection (e), a State small farms coordinator designated under subsection (f)(1)(A), or both, to operators of small farms, ranches, and forest operations for equipment and infrastructure repairs and upgrades, uninsured losses, business planning and market development assistance, conservation practice adoption, down payments for land acquisition, and such other purposes as the Secretary determines to be appropriate;

“(9) shall, not later than December 31, 2025, and every 2 years thereafter, submit to the Secretary a report that contains a summary of the reviews and recommendations described in paragraphs (6) and (7) and the total amount of grants awarded under paragraph (8) to small farms, ranches, and forest operations by State, which the Secretary shall make publicly available on the website of the Department; and

“(10) shall carry out other duties to improve access to, and participation in, programs of the Department by small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners.

“(d) Duties of the National Small Farms Coordinators.—Each National Small Farms Coordinator shall—

“(1) coordinate with the Office of Small Farms and the other National Small Farms Coordinators to develop and implement new strategies for outreach to and education of small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners;

“(2) coordinate within the agency, office, or mission area of the National Small Farms Coordinator on issues and outreach relating to small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners; and

“(3) assist the Director in tracking application and participation rates pursuant to subsection (c)(3) within the agency, office, or mission area of the National Small Farms Coordinator.

“(e) Contracts and cooperative agreements.—In carrying out the duties under subsections (c) and (d), the Director may enter into a contract or cooperative agreement with an institution of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)), cooperative extension services (as defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)), or a nonprofit organization—

“(2) to conduct workshops, courses, training, or certified vocational training;

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in consultation with State food and agriculture councils and directors of State offices, shall designate in each State a State small farms coordinator from among the employees of State offices.

“(ii) EMPLOYEES.—The employee of a State office designated to be a State small farms coordinator may be the same employee designated to be the State beginning farmer and rancher coordinator under section 7404(c).

“(B) REQUIREMENTS.—To be designated as a State small farms coordinator, an employee shall—

“(i) be familiar with issues relating to small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners; and

“(ii) have the ability to coordinate with other Federal departments and agencies.

“(2) TRAINING.—The Secretary shall develop a training plan to provide to each State small farms coordinator knowledge of programs and services available from the Department for small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners, taking into consideration the needs of all types of production methods.

“(i) shall coordinate technical assistance at the State level to assist small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners in accessing programs of the Department;

“(ii) shall develop and submit to the Director for approval a State plan to improve the coordination, delivery, and efficacy of programs of the Department to small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners, taking into consideration the needs of all types of production methods, at each county and area office in the State;

“(iii) shall oversee implementation of an approved State plan described in clause (ii);

“(iv) may facilitate interagency and interdepartmental collaboration on issues relating to small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners at the State or regional level;

“(v) shall work with outreach coordinators in the State offices to ensure appropriate information about technical assistance is available at outreach events and activities;

“(vi) shall coordinate partnerships and joint outreach efforts with other organizations and government agencies serving small farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners; and

“(vii) may provide grants under subsection (c)(8), in accordance with criteria established by the Director.

“(B) INDIVIDUAL DUTIES.—Not less than 50 percent of the duties of an employee designated to be a State small farms coordinator shall be the duties described in subparagraph (A) or other duties relating to small farms, ranches, and forest operations.

“(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary for grants under subsection (c)(8) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended.

“(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for grants under subsection (c)(8) $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.”.

(b) Conforming amendment.—Section 226B(e)(2) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6934(e)(2)) is amended—

(2) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (D) as subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively.

(a) Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator.—Section 226B of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6934) is amended—

(1) in subsection (d)(2)(B) (as redesignated by section 12201(b)(1)(B)), by striking “Farmworker Coordinator” and inserting “Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator”; and

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “Farmworker” and inserting “Farm and Food System Workforce”;

(B) in paragraph (1), by striking “Farmworker Coordinator” and inserting “Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator”;

(i) in subparagraph (B), by striking “organizations” and inserting “organizations, institutions of higher education, and local educational agencies”;

(ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking “institutions on research, program improvements, or agricultural education opportunities” and inserting “institutions or community-based nonprofit organizations on research, program improvements, agricultural education opportunities, or technical skills and job training programs”; and

“(G) Developing and implementing a plan to coordinate outreach activities and services provided by the Department with respect to farmworkers and food system workers.

“(H) Collaborating with and providing input to the agencies and offices of the Department on programmatic and policy decisions relating to farmworkers and food system workers.

“(I) Communicating information to employers of farmworkers and food system workers about Federal programs for which the employees of those employers may be eligible.

“(J) Collaborating with the agencies and offices of the Department, as appropriate, to inform research priorities and activities of the Department relating to farmworkers and food system workers.

“(K) Measuring and analyzing outcomes of the programs and activities, including outreach programs and activities, of the Department on farmworkers and food system workers.

“(M) Carrying out any other related duties that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.”; and

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not less frequently than once each year, the Coordinator shall submit to the Secretary a report (in English, Spanish, and any other languages that the Coordinator determines to be appropriate) that describes—

“(ii) any identified barriers that farmworkers or food system workers face in accessing Department programs;

“(iii) recommendations for legislative or administrative action for the following year that will improve the work and livelihoods of farmworkers or food system workers; and

“(B) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Secretary shall make each report under subparagraph (A) publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture.

“(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”.

(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish an advisory committee, to be known as the “Farmworker and Food System Worker Advisory Committee” (referred to in this subsection as the “Advisory Committee”).

(2) DUTIES.—The Advisory Committee shall provide to the Secretary advice on—

(A) integrating farmworker and food system worker perspectives, concerns, and interests into the ongoing programs of the Department; and

(iii) agricultural education and technical skills opportunities for farmworkers and food system workers; and

(3) MEMBERSHIP.—The Advisory Committee shall be composed of not more than 20 members, who shall be appointed by the Secretary from among individuals nominated by the public, and shall include—

(B) not fewer than 2 civil rights representatives with a history of working on issues relating to farmworkers or food system workers;

(C) not fewer than 4 representatives of nonprofit organizations with a history of working on issues faced by farmworkers or food system workers, of whom 2 shall have focused expertise on issues faced by women farmworkers or food system workers;

(D) not fewer than 2 representatives of labor unions with a history of representing farmworkers or food system workers;

(E) not fewer than 2 representatives of institutions of higher education with demonstrated experience working with farmworkers or food system workers; and

(4) LIMITATION.—No member of the Advisory Committee shall be an officer or employee of the Federal Government.

(i) subject to clause (ii) and subparagraph (B), shall be appointed to a 3-year term; and

(B) INITIAL STAGGERING.—The first 6 appointments by the Secretary under paragraph (3) shall be for a 2-year term.

(A) IN-PERSON MEETINGS.—To the extent practicable, not less than twice each year, the Advisory Committee shall meet in person.

(B) FARM AND FOOD SYSTEM WORKFORCE COORDINATOR.—The Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator shall be present in a nonvoting capacity at each meeting of the Advisory Committee.

(C) LANGUAGE ACCESS.—Each meeting of the Advisory Committee shall include simultaneous interpretation and translation of the meeting, and the provision of a copy of any agenda of the meeting, in such languages as are requested by—

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not less frequently than once each year, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Secretary, the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that describes—

(ii) recommendations for legislative or administrative action for the following year.

(B) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Secretary shall make the report under subparagraph (A) publicly available (in English, Spanish, and any other languages that the Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator determines to be appropriate) on the website of the Department of Agriculture.

(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish within the Department of Agriculture the Farm and Food System Workforce Interagency Council (referred to in this subsection as the “Interagency Council”).

(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Interagency Council is to facilitate interagency, cabinet-level leadership in planning, policymaking, coordination, and program development for services available to farmworkers and food system workers.

(B) subject to paragraph (4)(B), the Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator.

(A) IN-PERSON MEETINGS.—To the extent practicable, not less than twice each year, the Interagency Council shall meet in person.

(B) FARM AND FOOD SYSTEM WORKFORCE COORDINATOR.—The Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator shall be present in a nonvoting capacity at each meeting of the Interagency Council.

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not less frequently than once each year, the Interagency Council shall submit to the Secretary, the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that describes recommendations for legislative or administrative action to be taken during the following year to increase accountability, coordination, compliance, and culture changes at the Federal level to address inequities faced by farmworkers and food system workers.

(1) IN GENERAL.—The heads of each of the agencies and offices of the Department of Agriculture described in paragraph (2) shall designate a liaison within that agency or office on matters relating to farmworkers and food system workers.

(2) AGENCIES AND OFFICES DESCRIBED.—The agencies and offices referred to in paragraph (1) are—

(I) any other agency or office of the Department of Agriculture, as determined by the Secretary.

(3) RESPONSIBILITY.—Each liaison designated under paragraph (1) shall be responsible for coordinating with the Farm and Food System Workforce Coordinator to increase information, awareness, access, data, and accountability for meeting the needs of farmworkers and food system workers relating to the functions and beneficiaries of the agency or office from which the liaison is designated.

(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary to carry out subsections (b) through (d) $10,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.

(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts otherwise available, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out subsections (b) through (d) for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

(a) Definition of eligible entity.—In this section, the term “eligible entity” means a membership organization, as determined by the Secretary, or labor union representing farmworkers, meat processing workers, or grocery workers.

(b) Establishment.—The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service, shall establish a grant program to provide funding to eligible entities representing farmworkers, meat processing workers, and grocery workers for stabilization payments in the case of a natural disaster or other disaster, as determined by the Secretary.

(c) Report.—Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the outcomes and evaluating the impacts of the program established under subsection (b).

(d) Authorization of appropriations.—In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $750,000,000, to remain available until expended.

(a) In general.—Section 309 of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6921) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by striking “The Secretary shall” and inserting “The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall”; and

(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (C) as subparagraphs (C) through (E), respectively; and

“(A) ACTIVITY OF THE DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘activity of the Department’ means a program, function, service, or activity of the Department.

“(B) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘Department’ means the Department of Agriculture.”;

(B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking “of Agriculture (referred to in this subsection as the ‘Department’)”;

“(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the duties of the Committee under paragraph (4), the Committee shall—

“(i) request input from Indian tribes and Tribal organizations on the activities of the Department that the Indian tribes and Tribal organizations may be interested in assuming and administering through a self-determination agreement pilot project;

“(ii) consult with Indian tribes and Tribal organizations that provide input under clause (i) with respect to the input; and

“(iii) make publicly available and submit in accordance with subparagraph (B) a description of not more than 3 recommended pilot projects to further opportunities for Tribal assumption and administration of activities of the Department, including—

“(I) an explanation of the reasoning for identifying those activities of the Department for each recommended pilot project;

“(II) a description of the structure and scope of each recommended pilot project, including the specific 1 or more activities of the Department to be assumed and administered by the Indian tribe or Tribal organization through a self-determination agreement; and

“(bb) the types of assistance or support requested through consultation under clause (ii) for purposes of assuming and administering the applicable activities of the Department;

“(cc) the means by which Indian tribes propose to assume and administer the applicable activities of the Department; and

“(B) TIMING.—The Committee shall make publicly available and submit to the Secretary and the relevant committees of Congress a description of recommended pilot projects under subparagraph (A)(iii) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 and every 3 years thereafter.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after each submission of recommended pilot projects under subparagraph (A)(iii), the Secretary shall prepare a response that explains, in detail, whether and how the Department could, to the maximum extent practicable, to establish and implement those recommended pilot projects.

“(ii) REPORT REQUIREMENTS.—In preparing each response under clause (i), the Secretary shall—

“(aa) the food distribution program on Indian reservations established under section 4(b) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b));

“(bb) the good neighbor authority established by section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a);

“(cc) demonstration projects under section 8703 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (25 U.S.C. 3115b); and

“(II) identify operational and legal impediments to the implementation of the recommended pilot projects;

“(III) identify any administrative actions that may be taken to address any operational and legal impediments identified under subclause (II);

“(IV) identify the fiscal and budgetary impacts of implementing the recommended pilot projects;

“(V) include a description of necessary administrative, operational, and legislative changes needed to implement the recommended pilot projects;

“(VI) with respect to necessary legislative changes identified under subclause (V), identify the non-Tribal stakeholders that would be affected by potential waivers of or modifications to existing provisions of law; and

“(VII) include any other matters that may be determined by the Secretary and developed through consultation with the Committee.

“(I) make publicly available on the website of the Department each response prepared under clause (i); and

(i) in the paragraph heading, by striking “Reports” and inserting “Committee reports”; and

“(C) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Secretary shall make the reports submitted under subparagraph (A) and the written responses submitted under subparagraph (B) publicly available on the website of the Department.”; and

(F) in paragraph (8) (as so redesignated), by striking “Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.)” and inserting “Section 1013 of title 5, United States Code,”.

(A) COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM.—The term “commodity supplemental food program” means the commodity supplemental food program carried out under section 5 of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 612c note; Public Law 93–86).

(B) FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM.—The term “food distribution program” means the food distribution program on Indian reservations under section 4(b) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b)).

(C) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term “Indian Tribe” has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).

(D) RESERVATION.—The term “reservation” has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012).

(E) SELF-DETERMINATION CONTRACT.—The term “self-determination contract” means a self-determination contract (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)), as implemented under the demonstration project established under section 4003(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2013 note; Public Law 115–334), subject to such modifications as may be determined by the Secretary.

(F) TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term “tribal organization” has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012).

(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—Subject to the availability of appropriations under subparagraph (F), the Secretary shall establish a demonstration project under which tribal organizations may enter into self-determination contracts to administer food distribution programs on the reservations served by the tribal organizations.

(B) APPLICATIONS.—To be eligible to participate in the demonstration project under this paragraph, a tribal organization shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.

(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall select for participation in the demonstration project under this paragraph tribal organizations that—

(I) are successfully administering the food distribution program on the reservation served by the tribal organization, as determined by the Secretary under section 4(b)(2)(B) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b)(2)(B)); and

(II) meet such other criteria as the Secretary may establish, subject to clause (ii).

(ii) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary shall consult with Indian Tribes to determine the process and criteria under which tribal organizations may participate in the demonstration project under this paragraph.

(D) REQUIREMENTS.—A food distribution program administered by a tribal organization under the demonstration project under this paragraph shall—

(i) have the same eligibility requirements for participation as the food distribution program administered by the Secretary; and

(E) REPORTS.—Not later than 1 year after the date on which funds are initially appropriated under subparagraph (F), and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that includes, with respect to the preceding year—

(i) a list of each tribal organization participating in the demonstration project under this paragraph; and

(ii) a description of the activities carried out by each participating tribal organization pursuant to the demonstration project.

(i) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this paragraph $5,000,000, to remain available until expended.

(ii) APPROPRIATIONS IN ADVANCE.—Only funds made available pursuant to clause (i) in advance specifically to carry out this paragraph shall be available to carry out this paragraph.

(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—Subject to the availability of appropriations under subparagraph (F), the Secretary shall establish a demonstration project under which tribal organizations may enter into self-determination contracts to purchase agricultural commodities under the commodity supplemental food program for the reservations served by the tribal organizations.

(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall select for participation in the demonstration project under this paragraph tribal organizations that—

(I) are successfully administering the commodity supplemental food program on the reservation served by the tribal organization;

(II) have the capacity to purchase agricultural commodities in accordance with subparagraph (D) for the commodity supplemental food program; and

(III) meet such other criteria as the Secretary may establish, subject to clause (ii).

(D) PROCUREMENT REQUIREMENTS.—Each agricultural commodity purchased by a tribal organization pursuant to the demonstration project under this paragraph shall—

(ii) supplant, and not supplement, the type of agricultural commodities in existing food packages for the tribal organization;

(iii) be of similar or higher nutritional value as the type of agricultural commodities in the existing food package for the tribal organization that would be supplanted;

(iv) be nonperishable food appropriate for distribution in monthly food packages; and

(i) a list of each tribal organization participating in the demonstration project under this paragraph; and

(ii) a description of the activities carried out by each participating tribal organization pursuant to the demonstration project.

(i) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this paragraph $5,000,000, to remain available until expended.

(ii) APPROPRIATIONS IN ADVANCE.—Only funds made available pursuant to clause (i) in advance specifically to carry out this paragraph shall be available to carry out this paragraph.

(c) Mission-specific self-determination support.—In each Department of Agriculture mission area that administers self-determination contracts, the Secretary shall designate a senior official within that mission area or an office within that mission area to be responsible for—

(1) oversight of the administration of self-determination contracts within the mission area; and

(2) coordination with a senior official in the Office of the Secretary designated to advise the Secretary on opportunities for self-determination enhancement.

(1) in subsection (b), by striking “this Act” and inserting “the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024”; and

Section 212(b) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912(b)) is amended—

(1) in the subsection heading, by striking “Required for name change.—” and inserting “Required.—”;

(B) by striking “Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall conduct a cost-benefit analysis before changing” and inserting the following: “The Secretary shall conduct a cost-benefit analysis before—

“(B) relocating more than 50 percent of the employees of any agency, office, division, or other unit of the Department with 50 or more employees outside of the commuting area of that agency, office, division, or other unit to ensure that the benefits to be derived from the relocation of the agency, office, division, or other unit outweigh the costs of the relocation, including—

“(i) costs associated with the attrition of employees from the Department due to the relocation;

“(ii) costs associated with the disruption of the activities of the agency, office, division, or other unit due to the relocation;

“(iv) costs associated with any civil rights impact due to the relocation; and

“(3) STANDARD.—For a cost-benefit analysis conducted under paragraph (1) with respect to a relocation described in subparagraph (B) of that paragraph, the Secretary shall identify and measure benefits and costs, including identifying a baseline, evaluating alternatives, comparing return on investment for alternatives, and documenting analyses.

“(4) NOTIFICATION.—In the case of a relocation described in paragraph (1)(B), the Secretary shall provide notice to each affected employee not less than 365 days before the date of the relocation of the employee, including the new duty station location of the employee.

“(5) PUBLICATION.—To the extent allowable under Federal law, the Secretary shall make publicly available a cost-benefit analysis conducted under paragraph (1) not later than—

“(B) 90 days before notifying employees of a relocation under paragraph (3).”.

(a) Office of Digital Service.—Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 217 (as added by section 12107) the following:

“(a) Authorization.—The Chief Information Officer designated by the Secretary under section 3506(a)(2)(A) of title 44, United States Code, shall be the Chief Information Officer of the Department.

“(1) DEFINITION OF DIGITAL SERVICE.—In this subsection, the term ‘digital service’ means online information resources or services, including the delivery of digital information and transaction services across a variety of platforms, devices, and delivery mechanisms, maintained or funded in whole or in part by the Department.

“(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the Office of the Chief Information Officer the Office of Digital Service.

“(i) IN GENERAL.—The Office of Digital Service shall be headed by an Executive Director, who shall serve under the direction of the Chief Information Officer.

“(ii) FUNCTIONS.—The Executive Director of the Office of Digital Service shall assist the Chief Information Officer in carrying out the functions under this subsection and in coordinating the digital services functions of the Department.

“(3) SERVICES FOR DEPARTMENTAL AGENCIES AND OFFICES.—In carrying out this subsection, the responsibilities of the Chief Information Officer shall include—

“(B) providing support using innovative techniques and technology for the delivery of digital services across the agencies and offices of the Department in accordance with applicable laws, regulations, and executive orders relating to digital services;

“(C) coordinating with the Office of Customer Experience to ensure that the delivery of digital services incorporates a human-centered design process; and

“(D) coordinating with the United States Digital Service and the agencies and offices of the Department to promote efficiency and prevent unnecessary duplication in digital services activities.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the Chief Information Officer, shall establish a program for individuals who are highly skilled in the technical planning, developing, designing, or delivery of digital services to serve as fellows to improve the Department's digital systems, information management, data accessibility, and other digital or technological functionalities.

“(B) EXPEDITED HIRING AUTHORITY.—Notwithstanding subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive or excepted service, the Secretary may use noncompetitive term appointments for qualified individuals to serve as fellows in the program established under subparagraph (A).

“(C) TERMS.—Individuals participating in the program established under subparagraph (A), including individuals appointed under subparagraph (B)—

“(ii) may be compensated at a rate not to exceed the rate provided for level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 5, United States Code, for positions that require a high level of technical expertise that is critical to the successful development and delivery of digital services.

“(5) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts otherwise made available, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this subsection for each fiscal year.”.

(b) Office of Customer Experience.—Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 217A (as added by subsection (a)) the following:

“(1) CUSTOMER.—The term ‘customer’ means any individual or entity, including any for-profit or nonprofit entity, State, local, or Tribal entity, and any other Federal entity, that interacts with the Department or a Department program, either directly or indirectly through a federally funded program administered by a contractor, nonprofit entity, or State or local entity.

“(2) CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE.—The term ‘customer experience’ means the public’s perceptions of and overall satisfaction with interactions with the Department or programs, products, or services of the Department.

“(b) Authorization.—The Secretary shall establish in the Department the Office of Customer Experience.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Office of Customer Experience shall be headed by the Chief Customer Experience Officer.

“(2) APPOINTMENT.—The Secretary shall appoint a senior official to serve as the Chief Customer Experience Officer.

“(A) advise on policies of the Department relating to the collection, processing, and analysis of customer feedback that would enable the improvement and design of the programs of the Department using a human-centered design process;

“(B) partner with mission areas, offices, and agencies of the Department to provide training and support—

“(i) to identify, communicate, and visualize customer feedback on the programs of the Department; and

“(ii) to use the analysis of customer feedback to improve and design the programs of the Department using a human-centered design process;

“(C) coordinate customer experience activities across the mission areas, offices, and agencies of the Department, including advising and coordinating on program application streamlining efforts;

“(D) act as the primary liaison on behalf of the Department with other Federal departments and agencies in intergovernmental activities and initiatives relating to customer experience; and

“(E) carry out other responsibilities relating to customer experience, as determined by the Secretary.

“(4) REPORTING.—The Chief Customer Experience Officer shall report to the Deputy Secretary.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may establish one or more customer experience liaisons within each mission area, office, and agency of the Department to coordinate with the Office of Customer Experience to provide services to improve customer experience for programs and services administered by that mission area, office, or agency.

“(2) QUALIFICATIONS.—An individual occupying the position of a customer experience liaison established under paragraph (1) shall have demonstrated skills or experience with identifying, communicating, and visualizing customer needs through a human-centered design process.

“(e) Report.—Not later than December 31, 2026, and each year thereafter, the Secretary shall make publicly available and submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report summarizing the activities of the Office of Customer Experience in the prior fiscal year, including—

“(1) the activities of any customer experience liaisons established under subsection (d)(1); and

“(2) a detailed description and the status of any program application streamlining efforts at the Department.

“(f) Authorization of appropriations.—In addition to amounts otherwise made available, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each fiscal year.”.

(c) Funding.—Out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary for costs relating to services and projects provided by the Office of Digital Service established by section 217A(b)(2) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 and the Office of Customer Experience established under section 217B(b) of that Act $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended.

(a) Food Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison.—Section 224 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6924) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (d) and (e) as subsections (b) through (e) and (h), respectively;

“(1) FOOD.—The term ‘food’ means any raw, cooked, processed, or prepared substance, ice, beverage, or ingredient used or intended for use in whole or in part for human consumption.

“(2) FOOD LOSS.—The term ‘food loss’ means, with respect to food, that the food does not reach a consumer as a result of an issue in the production, storage, processing, or distribution phase.

“(3) FOOD RECOVERY.—The term ‘food recovery’ means the collection of wholesome food that would otherwise go to waste and the redistribution of that food to feed people.

“(4) FOOD WASTE.—The term ‘food waste’ means, with respect to food, that the food is intended for human consumption but is unconsumed by humans for any reason at the retail or consumption phase.

“(5) UPCYCLED FOOD PRODUCT.—The term ‘upcycled food product’ means a product that—

“(A) is created from surplus food, unmarketable food, or edible or inedible food byproducts; and

“(ii) are sourced and produced using supply chains for which upstream data can be verified and validated for accuracy; and

(3) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated), by inserting “(referred to in this section as the ‘Liaison’)” after “Food Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison”;

(A) by striking the subsection designation and heading and all that follows through “Reduction” in the matter preceding paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

(5) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “subsection (b)” and inserting “subsection (c)”;

(6) in subsections (d) and (e) (as so redesignated), by striking “Food Loss and Waste Reduction” each place it appears;

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish in the Department regional coordinators.

“(2) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The regional coordinators established under paragraph (1) shall be responsible for—

“(A) partnering with food producers, food processors, distributors, and food recovery organizations and acting as regional points of contact to facilitate real-time food recovery;

“(B) understanding and developing the capacity needed for ongoing food recovery;

“(C) providing technical support to food recovery organizations to improve the ability of the food recovery organizations to pick up surplus food, process that food, and deliver that food to populations or communities; and

“(D) engaging with Department regional food business centers to identify opportunities for synergy and alignment with those centers.

“(3) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this subsection $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to remain available until expended.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the Liaison, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall initiate a national food waste education and public awareness campaign (referred to in this subsection as the ‘campaign’).

“(A) illustrate how much food goes to waste in the United States and households across the United States;

“(C) provide consumers tips to identify whether food is still safe and edible, regardless of any ‘BEST If Used By’ or the ‘USE By’ date on the label or food packaging indicating quality and freshness;

“(F) develop educational materials usable by several different channels, including for specific industry sectors (including retail, food service, and consumer packaged goods), local governments, schools, community and faith-based organizations, and other appropriate channels;

“(G) educate consumers on food products made with food waste, including upcycled food products, or that use innovative technology to prevent food loss and food waste;

“(I) inform about intersectional issues of food loss and food waste, including public health, food insecurity, and climate change.

“(3) PRIORITIES.—In carrying out the campaign, the Secretary shall prioritize—

“(A) evaluating existing scientific evidence, and, if needed, conducting additional scientific research, to determine what socioeconomic characteristics are associated with food waste attitudes and behaviors;

“(C) understanding how to best target those identified population segments; and

“(D) determining which strategies are most effective in changing consumer behaviors.

“(i) community engagement, which allows information to be delivered through locally trusted sources, with locally tailored solutions and partners (such as for donation or compost options); and

“(I) nationally applicable issues (such as the meaning of ‘best if used by’ date labels, tips for meal planning, or businesses that manufacture products using ingredients that would otherwise go to waste, including upcycled food products); and

“(I) for the purpose of testing methods and materials for carrying out the campaign through community engagement under subparagraph (A)(i), carry out pilot projects in communities selected by the Secretary; and

“(II) assess the results of those pilot projects, including through waste audits or other quantitative measurements.

“(ii) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out pilot projects under clause (i), the Secretary shall—

“(II) use science-based evidence, including from behavioral science, in designing and carrying out the campaign to increase the effectiveness of the campaign; and

“(III) in coordination with State, local, Tribal, municipal, or territorial governments, inform consumers in a community of solutions, food products, or initiatives that are available to help prevent or reduce food waste.

“(5) WASTE AUDITS.—The Secretary shall conduct audits to gather data relating to the impact of the campaign in communities targeted by the campaign for the purpose of informing future efforts under the campaign, including by comparing outcomes in communities targeted by the campaign to outcomes in communities not targeted by the campaign.

“(6) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”; and

(B) in paragraph (2), in the paragraph heading, by striking “Report” and inserting “Subsequent report”; and

“(3) REPORTS ON PROGRESS.—The Liaison shall submit to Congress and make publicly available reports describing the progress of the United States in advancing toward or achieving the goal of reducing food loss and food waste by 50 percent, compared to 2016 levels, by 2030.”.

(A) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.

(B) COMMISSIONER.—The term “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Food and Drugs.

(C) FOOD.—The term “food” means any raw, cooked, processed, or prepared substance, ice, beverage, or ingredient used or intended for use in whole or in part for human consumption.

(D) FOOD LOSS.—The term “food loss” means, with respect to food, that the food does not reach a consumer as a result of an issue in the production, storage, processing, or distribution phase.

(E) FOOD RECOVERY.—The term “food recovery” means the collection of wholesome food that would otherwise go to waste and the redistribution of that food to feed people.

(F) FOOD WASTE.—The term “food waste” means, with respect to food, that the food is intended for human consumption but is unconsumed by humans for any reason at the retail or consumption phase.

(G) LIAISON.—The term “Liaison” means the Food Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison established under section 224 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6924).

(2) INTERAGENCY COLLABORATION.—The Secretary, in collaboration with the Administrator, the Commissioner, and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall collaborate to carry out the agreement relative to cooperation and coordination on food loss and waste, which took effect on May 15, 2024.

(3) REPORTS.—Every year, the Secretary, acting through the Liaison, in consultation with the Administrator, the Commissioner, and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall submit to Congress and make publicly available a report describing the progress of the Secretary in carrying out the agreement described in paragraph (2).

(4) INTERAGENCY ENGAGEMENT.—Pursuant to paragraph (2), the Secretary, the Administrator, the Commissioner, and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development shall engage with the heads of other Federal departments and agencies, including the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Administrator of General Services, and such other Federal departments and agencies as the Secretary, the Administrator, the Commissioner, and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development determine to be appropriate, to expand work on food loss and food waste.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall consult with, and receive advice from, representatives described in subparagraph (B) relating to—

(i) programming and policy issues relating to understanding existing and future challenges relating to food loss and food waste;

(iii) the latest innovative solutions relating to food loss and food waste from leading experts; and

(iv) sharing and developing procurement best practices that will assist the heads of Federal departments and agencies described in paragraph (4) in—

(III) leading by example in addressing issues relating to food loss and food waste; and

(IV) engaging contractors in reducing food loss and food waste in the operations of the contractors.

(B) REPRESENTATIVES.—The representatives referred to in subparagraph (A) are representatives of—

(iii) food industry members, such as food safety trainers, food aggregators and processors, food safety professionals, retailers, and food service entities;

(C) REPRESENTATION OF SMALLER PRODUCERS AND FOOD INSECURE COMMUNITIES.—In consulting and receiving advice under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall ensure participation by smaller producers and organizations from communities most impacted by food and nutrition insecurity and food loss and food waste issues.

(D) FORMS OF CONSULTATION.—The Secretary may consult and receive advice under subparagraph (A) through—

(i) a meeting through which input is sought, such as a workshop, town hall meeting, or listening session;

(ii) a meeting described in clause (i) with an existing group formed by representatives described in subparagraph (B); and

(E) INTERAGENCY MEETINGS.—The Secretary shall host quarterly meetings with the Administrator, the Commissioner, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, and the heads of other Federal agencies for the purpose of sharing communications relating to consultation and advice received under subparagraph (A) with those officials regularly.

(F) FACA EXEMPTION.—Chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the “Federal Advisory Committee Act”), shall not apply to any group formed for purposes of consultation or providing advice under this paragraph.

(6) CONTINUATION OF EFFECT.—Nothing in the subsection shall be affected by the expiration of the agreement described in paragraph (2).

(7) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this subsection $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) (as amended by section 12203(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(a) Authorization.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish in the Department the position of Housing and Urban Development Liaison.

“(1) in consultation with the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, identify—

“(A) programs and activities of the Department that impact urban communities, including urban agriculture, urban forestry, and nutrition assistance programs; and

“(B) programs and activities of the Department of Housing and Urban Development that intersect with the programs and activities identified under subparagraph (A);

“(2) coordinate and improve communications relating to rural housing programs and the programs and activities identified under paragraph (1) between the Department and the Department of Housing and Urban Development;

“(3) integrate across the Department strategic planning and coordination relating to rural housing programs and the programs and activities identified under paragraph (1); and

“(A) serve the customers and stakeholders of the Department and the Department of Housing and Urban Development through increased coordination; and

“(B) leverage existing Federal resources for rural housing programs and the programs and activities identified under paragraph (1).

“(c) Report.—Not later than December 31, 2025, and each December 31 thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, and make publicly available on the website of the Department, a report containing—

“(1) a description of the programs and activities identified under subsection (b)(1);

“(2) a description of the activities of the Housing and Urban Development Liaison in the most recent fiscal year; and

“(3) the recommendations made by the Housing and Urban Development Liaison under subsection (b)(4).”.

Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) (as amended by section 12304) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) CLIMATE HUB.—The term ‘Climate Hub’ means an office established under subsection (b)(1).

“(2) CLIMATE HUBS PROGRAM.—The term ‘Climate Hubs Program’ means the Climate Hubs Program established under subsection (b)(2).

“(3) EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.—The term ‘Executive Committee’ means the Climate Hubs Executive Committee established under subsection (d)(5).

“(1) CLIMATE HUBS.—The Secretary shall establish a national network of offices, each of which shall have a specific geographic focus, including one office focused on international collaboration and one office based in the State of Hawaii, to serve the Department in meeting the needs of farmers, ranchers, forest landowners, and other agricultural and natural resource managers in addressing the causes and consequences of climate change.

“(2) PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall establish a Climate Hubs Program for the administration of the Climate Hubs.

“(c) Mission.—The mission of the Climate Hubs Program is to develop and deliver—

“(1) support to Department programs and activities at the regional and local levels in integrating climate change into planning and decision making;

“(2) science-based, region-specific, cost-effective, and practical information and program support for science-informed decision making in light of the increased costs, opportunities, risks, and vulnerabilities associated with a changing climate;

“(3) tools, guidance on technologies, and risk management practices to maintain and strengthen agricultural production, forest and natural resource management, and rural economic development to address the causes and consequences of climate change; and

“(4) equitable access to information to implement the activities described in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) through engagement opportunities, trainings, and outreach and educational materials.

“(2) establish a national office to administer the Climate Hubs Program, including a National Leader and staff sufficient to carry out the responsibilities described in this section;

“(3) work through the National Leader established under paragraph (2) to coordinate with comparable programs and initiatives in other Federal departments and agencies, including—

“(A) the Department of the Interior, including the United States Geological Survey;

“(B) the Department of Commerce, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;

“(H) such other departments and agencies as the Secretary determines to be appropriate;

“(4) identify opportunities to work with and support university-based extension in carrying out the activities of the Climate Hubs Program;

“(B) to conduct a review of the Climate Hubs Program not less frequently than once every 5 years; and

“(A) Federal and regional applied science and service organizations, including—

“(ii) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Adaptation Partnerships; and

“(iii) such other organizations as the Secretary determines to be appropriate;

“(B) interagency coordination bodies, such as the United States Global Change Research Program;

“(C) colleges and universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103));

“(e) Executive Committee membership.—The Executive Committee shall be composed of the heads of the following agencies, mission areas, or offices:

“(12) Such other agencies, mission areas, or offices within the Department as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

“(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.

“(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts otherwise made available, there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.”.

Section 228(g)(3) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6936(g)(3)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 251(e) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971(e)) is amended—

(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) and (E) as subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively; and

(2) in paragraph (5)(B), by striking “practicable—” in the matter preceding clause (i) and all that follows through the period at the end of clause (ii) and inserting “practicable, at no time shall the aggregate number of staff for all Divisions exceed 50 full-time equivalent positions.”.

Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) (as amended by section 12305) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(a) In general.—The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service, shall enter into cooperative agreements, including subawards, with eligible entities, as determined by the Secretary, for the purpose of establishing a national network of not fewer than 12 regional food business centers that collectively provide localized assistance to small and medium-sized farms and food businesses throughout the United States to improve local and regional supply chains, including distribution and processing, through—

“(4) other activities that facilitate the development of a resilient domestic food system, as determined by the Secretary.

“(1) TRIBAL PRODUCERS AND BUSINESSES.—Not fewer than 1 regional food business center described in subsection (a) shall provide assistance exclusively to all Tribal producers and businesses nationally.

“(2) ISLANDS, REMOTE AREAS, AND COLONIAS.—Not fewer than 2 regional food business centers described in subsection (a) shall provide assistance to producers and farm and food businesses in the State of Hawaii, the State of Alaska, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, other territories or possessions of the United States, colonias, other remote areas, and other, similar locations in the United States, as determined by the Secretary.

“(3) UNDERSERVED AND LIMITED RESOURCE PRODUCERS.—Any regional food business center described in subsection (a) shall prioritize providing service to underserved and limited resource producers and farm and food businesses.

“(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended.

“(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to other funds and authorities available to the Secretary, in order to carry out activities under this section, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary $75,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.”.

Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) (as amended by section 12308) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(a) Definition of aquaculture.—In this section, the term ‘aquaculture’ has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the National Aquaculture Act of 1980 (16 U.S.C. 2802).

“(b) Establishment.—The Secretary shall establish in the Department the position of Aquaculture Liaison.

“(1) develop and advance aquaculture best practices, using the best available science, in consultation with appropriate offices in the Department, agricultural producers, and industry partners;

“(2) provide technical assistance on best practices to aquaculture farmers and businesses, including for shellfish, algae, and land-based aquaculture systems, using the best available science;

“(3) advise the Secretary with respect to aquaculture practices and programs, including applying existing programs for risk mitigation (including insurance and purchasing programs), as applicable, to aquaculture;

“(4) coordinate with the agencies and officials of the Department to update and ensure support for aquaculture in relevant programs;

“(5) engage in stakeholder relations and develop external partnerships relating to aquaculture practices and programs;

“(6) identify common State and municipal best practices for navigating local policies relating to aquaculture practices;

“(7) coordinate extension and outreach efforts to support aquaculture producers and businesses;

“(8) collaborate and coordinate with other Federal agencies, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Office of Science and Technology Policy, with respect to aquaculture practices;

“(9) convene a working group with relevant officials of the Department to coordinate programs and share knowledge;

“(10) represent the Department on the Subcommittee on Aquaculture of the National Science and Technology Council;

“(11) gather and issue aquaculture production data, in coordination with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other relevant Federal agencies; and

“(12) promote aquaculture practices that provide environmental, economic, and social benefits.”.

Section 296(b) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 7014(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(11) The authority of the Secretary to carry out the amendments made to this title by the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024.”.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 2(a) of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501(a)) is amended—

(i) by inserting “, or enters into a leasing agreement the period of which is longer than 5 years with respect to agricultural land,” after “agricultural land”; and

(ii) by striking “acquisition or transfer” and inserting “acquisition, transfer, or lease”; and

(B) in paragraph (4), by striking “acquired or transferred” and inserting “acquired, transferred, or leased”.

(2) MINIMUM OWNERSHIP.—Section 2 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(g) Minimum ownership.—In the case of agricultural land in which more than 1 foreign person acquires or transfers any interest, other than a security interest, the reporting requirements under this section shall apply to each foreign person who holds at least a 1 percent interest in that land—

“(2) in the aggregate through an interest in other entities at various tiers.”.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 3 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502) is amended—

(A) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “(a) If the” and all that follows through “Any such civil penalty” in the third sentence and inserting the following:

“(a) In general.—A person shall be subject to a civil penalty imposed by the Secretary if the Secretary determines that the person—

“(1) has failed to submit a report in accordance with the provisions of section 2; or

“(d) Civil action.—Any civil penalty imposed by the Secretary under subsection (a)”;

(B) by moving subsection (d) (as so designated) so as to appear after subsection (b);

(i) by striking the subsection designation and all that follows through “The amount” and inserting the following:

“(b) Amount of penalty.—Except as provided in subsection (c), the amount”;

(iii) by striking “shall not exceed 25 percent” and inserting “shall be not less than 5 percent, but not more than 25 percent,”;

“(1) DEFINITION OF SHELL CORPORATION.—In this subsection, the term ‘shell corporation’ means a corporation, company, association, firm, partnership, society, joint stock company, trust, estate, or any other legal entity that has no or nominal operations.

“(2) AMOUNT OF PENALTY.—The amount of a civil penalty under subsection (a) for a foreign-owned shell corporation, as determined by the Secretary, shall be 100 percent of the fair market value, on the date of the assessment of the penalty, of the interest in agricultural land with respect to which the violation occurred.

“(3) NOTIFICATION OF PENALTY.—A shell corporation shall not be subject to a civil penalty under paragraph (2), but shall be subject to a civil penalty under subsection (b), if the shell corporation remedies a defective filing or failure to file not later than 60 days after the Secretary provides notice to the shell corporation of the defective filing or failure to file.”; and

“(e) Availability of funds from civil penalties.—A civil penalty collected under subsection (a) shall be available to the Secretary without appropriation and remain available until expended for the purpose of enforcing this Act.”.

(2) PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF NONCOMPLIANT PERSONS.—Section 3 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502) (as amended by paragraph (1)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(f) Public disclosure of noncompliant persons.—The Secretary shall publicly disclose the name of each person who paid to the Secretary a civil penalty imposed under subsection (a), including, if applicable, after the completion of an appeal of a civil penalty.”.

(3) PUBLICATION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Section 3 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502) (as amended by paragraph (2)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(g) Outreach.—Using existing resources and efforts to the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall carry out a nationwide outreach program directed primarily towards landlords, owners, operators, persons, producers, and tenants (as those terms are defined in section 718.2 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024)) of agricultural land and county property appraiser offices, land appraisal companies, and real estate auction companies to increase public awareness and provide education regarding the reporting requirements under this section.”.

(c) Investigative actions.—Section 4 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3503) is amended—

(1) by striking the section designation and heading and all that follows through “The Secretary” and inserting the following:

“(1) in coordination with the office within the Department of Agriculture established under section 7318 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (50 U.S.C. 3384), ensure the availability of classified storage, meeting, and other spaces, as necessary, for personnel to carry out this section; and

“(2) assist personnel responsible for carrying out this section in obtaining security clearances.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall appoint an employee in the Senior Executive Service (as described in section 3131 of title 5, United States Code) of the Department of Agriculture to serve as Chief of Operations of Investigative Actions (referred to in this section as the ‘Chief of Operations’), who shall hire, appoint, and maintain additional employees to monitor compliance with the provisions of this Act.

“(2) SIMULTANEOUS SERVICE.—The Chief of Operations may serve in such position simultaneously with a concurrent position within the Department of Agriculture.

“(1) be responsible for carrying out the authority provided by subsection (a);

“(2) refer noncompliance with this Act to the Secretary, the Farm Service Agency, and any other appropriate authority;

“(3) coordinate with the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of the Treasury, the National Security Council, and State and local law enforcement agencies, on investigations into malign efforts—

“(4) conduct an annual compliance audit of not less than 10 percent of the reports submitted under section 2 for the year covered by the audit to ensure the completeness and accuracy of reports submitted under that section;

“(5) provide annual training to State and county-level personnel relating to identifying agricultural land for which—

“(6) seek to enter into memoranda of agreement and memoranda of understanding with the Federal agencies described in paragraph (3)—

“(7) refer to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States transactions that—

“(B) result in agricultural land acquisition by a foreign person that is a citizen of, or headquartered in, as applicable, a foreign entity of concern;

“(8) coordinate and consult, as appropriate, with the Department of Agriculture Office of Homeland Security and the office within the Department of Agriculture established under section 7318 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (50 U.S.C. 3384); and

“(9) publish annual reports that summarize the information contained in every report received by the Secretary under section 2 during the period covered by the report.

“(B) the Director of the Department of Agriculture Office of Homeland Security.

“(f) Actions by FPAC–BC.—As part of the actions taken under subsection (a), the Farm Production and Conservation Business Center shall—

“(1) take such actions as are necessary to validate the data collected under section 2, including revising and validating information throughout the data collection process;

“(2) take such actions as are necessary to ensure compliance with section 2(g); and

“(3) in coordination with the Farm Service Agency, to the maximum extent practicable, identify persons that have carried out an activity subject to a civil penalty described in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 3(a).”.

(d) Reports.—Section 6 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3505) is amended—

(1) by striking the section designation and heading and all that follows through “Not later than” and inserting the following:

“(b) Annual report.—Annually, the Secretary shall prepare and make publicly available a report describing holdings of agricultural land by foreign persons, as determined by reports submitted under section 2, including—

“(2) an analysis of the sectors and industries for which the agricultural land holdings are used.

“(c) Research.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, and once every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall—

“(A) the agricultural leasing activities in the United States of foreign persons, including the impact of those activities on family farms, rural communities, and the domestic food supply;

“(B) trends relating to the purchase of agricultural land in the United States by foreign-owned shell corporations (as defined in section 3(c)(1));

“(C) foreign ownership of agricultural production capacity and foreign participation in agricultural economic activity in the United States; and

“(D) in consultation with the Director of the United States Geological Survey, foreign ownership or leasing of water rights and mineral deposits on a State-by-State and county-by-county basis; and

“(2) submit to Congress a report describing the results of the research carried out under paragraph (1).

“(d) Report of tracking covered transactions by foreign entities of concern.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the feasibility of establishing a mechanism for quantifying the threats posed by foreign entities of concern to United States food security, biosecurity, food safety, environmental protection, and national defense.”.

(e) Internet database.—Section 7 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3506) is amended—

(1) by striking the section designation and heading and all that follows through “Any report” and inserting the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—As soon as practicable after the Secretary has established a streamlined process for electronic submission and retention of disclosures made under this Act required by section 773 of division A of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (7 U.S.C. 3501 note; 136 Stat. 4509), the Secretary shall make publicly available an internet database that contains disaggregated data from each disclosure submitted under this Act as human-readable and machine-readable data sets.

“(2) INCLUDED DATA.—The data sets established under paragraph (1) shall include—

“(A) a description of the purchase price paid for, or any other consideration given for, each interest in agricultural land for which a report is submitted under section 2; and

“(B) in any case in which a foreign person is not an individual or a government, the nature of the legal entity holding the interest, the country in which the foreign person is created or organized, and the principal place of business of the foreign person.”.

(f) Definitions.—Section 9 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508) is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “For purposes of this Act—” and inserting “In this Act:”;

(2) in paragraph (1), by inserting “, subject to the condition that the Secretary may not exclude land from this definition based on the acreage of the land” before the semicolon at the end;

(B) by inserting a paragraph heading, the text of which comprises the term defined in that paragraph;

(4) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as paragraphs (3), (4), (6), (7), and (8), respectively;

“(2) FOREIGN ENTITY OF CONCERN.—The term ‘foreign entity of concern’ has the meaning given the term in section 9901 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651).”; and

“(5) MALIGN EFFORT.—The term ‘malign effort’ means any hostile effort undertaken by, at the direction of, on behalf of, or with the substantial support of the government of a foreign entity of concern.”.

Section 12203(c)(5) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 8914(c)(5)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Section 221 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6922) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall ensure that there are 1 or more career employees within the agencies and offices of the Department, including each of the agencies and offices described in paragraph (2), that are designated—

“(A) to coordinate on agriculture and food defense with the Office of Homeland Security and the office at the Department established under section 7318 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (50 U.S.C. 3384); and

“(B) to receive information from the offices described in subparagraph (A) on a need-to-know basis.

“(2) AGENCIES AND OFFICES DESCRIBED.—The agencies and offices referred to in paragraph (1) are the Agricultural Research Service, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the Agricultural Marketing Service, the Foreign Agricultural Service, the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the Food Safety and Inspection Service, the Forest Service, the Farm Service Agency, the Risk Management Agency, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Office of the Chief Information Officer, the Office of the General Counsel, the Office of the Chief Scientist, the Office of the Chief Economist, and such other agencies and offices as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

“(3) QUALIFICATION OF DESIGNATED EMPLOYEES.—An employee designated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall possess the appropriate security clearance.

“(4) DETAILEES.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law relating to the detailing and assignment of Federal employees within the Department—

“(A) the Secretary shall increase intraagency coordination on agriculture and food defense by ensuring that there are not fewer than 2 employees from agencies or offices of the Department (other than the Office of Homeland Security) detailed to the Office of Homeland Security each for a period of not more than 2 years; and

“(B) the Office of Homeland Security shall not be required to fully or partially reimburse the employing agency or office of an individual detailed under subparagraph (A) for the period of the assignment.”.

Section 12205 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4950) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

Subtitle B of title XII of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4944) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(a) Risk assessment.—The Secretary, in coordination with the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, the office at the Department of Agriculture established under section 7318 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (50 U.S.C. 3384), the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall conduct an assessment, on a biennial basis, of cybersecurity-related threats to and vulnerabilities in the agriculture and food system, including—

“(2) potential losses in the agriculture and food system due to a cybersecurity attack;

“(3) the gaps, challenges, barriers, or opportunities for improving defensive measures in the agriculture and food system;

“(4) lessons learned from any crisis simulation exercises involving cybersecurity attacks on the agriculture and food system; and

“(5) any recommendations for Federal legislative or administrative actions to address the risks, vulnerabilities, and potential losses due to cybersecurity attacks on the agriculture and food system.

“(b) Biennial report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment this section, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report describing the most recently conducted assessment under subsection (a).”.

(1) in the section heading, by striking “Acer Access and Development Program” and inserting “Maple Research and Market Promotion Program”;

(2) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “Secretary of Agriculture may make” and inserting “Secretary shall establish a program, to be known as the ‘Maple Research and Market Promotion Program’, under which the Secretary may make”;

Section 12502(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (34 U.S.C. 20127) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking “Office of the” and inserting “Office on”; and

Subtitle C of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7751 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(a) In general.—There is established a National Detector Dog Training Center (referred to in this section as the ‘Center’).

“(1) Training dogs for the purpose of safeguarding domestic agricultural and natural resources from foreign and invasive pests and diseases.

“(2) Training human handlers to successfully select and train dogs for the purpose described in paragraph (1).

“(3) Collaborating with relevant Federal agencies, including U.S. Customs and Border Protection, to safeguard domestic agricultural and natural resources.

“(4) Collaborating with external stakeholders, including State departments of agriculture, local and county agricultural officials, private sector entities, and other relevant non-Federal partners.

“(5) Ensuring the health and welfare of all dogs under the care of the Center, including by ensuring access to necessary veterinary care, adequate shelter, and proper nutrition.

“(6) Providing opportunities for private adoption of retirement-age trained dogs and dogs that do not complete training.

“(7) Any other duties necessary to safeguard domestic agricultural and natural resources from foreign and invasive pests and diseases, as determined by the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

“(c) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, shall submit to Congress a report that contains—

“(1) a description of current and emerging threats to domestic agricultural and natural resources from foreign pests and diseases within the purview of the operations of the Center;

“(2) an examination of the role that the Center plays in the protection against foreign pests and diseases;

“(3) a description of improvements needed in Federal programs to minimize threats from foreign pests and diseases within the purview of the operations of the Center, including strengthened coordination among the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and other relevant Federal agencies;

“(4) recommendations to strengthen the capabilities of the Center in protecting against foreign pests and diseases; and

“(B) private adoption opportunities for retirement-age trained dogs and dogs that do not complete training.”.

(a) In general.—The Animal Health Protection Act is amended by inserting after section 10404 (7 U.S.C. 8303) the following:

“(1) COMPENSATION.—The term ‘compensation’ means any act, consideration, or thing of value received by a person directly, including cash or noncash benefits, cost-avoidance, obtaining positive or avoiding negative publicity, an exchange of services, or maintaining a license issued under any local, State, or Federal Government authority.

“(2) IMPORT TRANSPORTER.—The term ‘import transporter’ means any person or entity who—

“(A) receives an imported dog from any importer, dealer, research facility, exhibitor, operator of an auction sale, or department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States or of any State or local government; and

“(3) IMPORTER.—The term ‘importer’ means any person who transports or causes the transportation of a dog into the United States from a foreign country.

“(4) TRANSFER.—The term ‘transfer’ means a change of ownership or control of an imported dog to another person, including by sale, adoption, exchange, or donation.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), no person shall import a dog into the United States unless, prior to transport to the United States, the Secretary receives electronic documentation demonstrating, as determined by the Secretary, that the dog—

“(B) has received all necessary vaccinations and internal and external parasite treatment and demonstrated negative test results, as required by the Secretary and evidenced by a certificate that—

“(i) is issued by a licensed veterinarian accredited by a competent veterinary authority recognized by the Secretary; and

“(ii) is endorsed by that authority in a manner representing that the veterinarian issuing the certificate was authorized to do so;

“(C) is officially identified by a permanent method approved by the Secretary; and

“(ii) is accompanied by an import permit issued by the Secretary under this Act.

“(2) EXCEPTIONS.—The Secretary, by regulation, shall provide an exception to any requirement under this Act in any case in which a dog is imported—

“(A) as a personal pet of United States origin returning to the United States; or

“(ii) veterinary treatment, paid for by the importer, subject to the condition that the dog—

“(I) is taken directly to a veterinary facility for treatment with appropriate quarantine until the dog meets the criteria described in paragraph (1); and

“(iii) in the case of a dog that is less than 6 months old, lawful importation into the State of Hawaii from the British Isles, Australia, Guam, or New Zealand, in compliance with the regulations of the State of Hawaii and the other requirements of this section, if the dog is not transported out of the State of Hawaii for transfer at less than 6 months of age.

“(c) Implementation and regulations.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Secretary of Transportation shall promulgate such regulations as the Secretaries determine to be necessary to implement and enforce this section, including regulations that—

“(1) facilitate electronic submission and interagency sharing of all documentation required under subsection (b)(1) prior to the arrival of a dog into the United States;

“(2) establish any necessary postarrival verification processes for imported dogs;

“(3) ensure the denial of entry into the United States of any dog that fails to meet the requirements of subsection (b)(1);

“(4) require the Secretary to share with a State veterinarian, on request of the State veterinarian, the certificate described in subsection (b)(1)(B) for the applicable imported dog; and

“(5) determine and establish such fees for the verification of documentation and issuance of permits with respect to dog importation as are necessary to fund the implementation and enforcement of this section.

“(d) Rule of construction.—Nothing in subsection (c)(5) limits the availability of funding made available under section 10417 to carry out this section.

“(1) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary shall have the authority granted under section 10414 to enforce this section.

“(2) PENALTIES.—An importer or import transporter that fails to comply with this section shall—

“(B) if the importer is a dealer, provide, as the Secretary may determine, at the expense of the importer, for—

“(i) the care (including appropriate veterinary care), forfeiture, quarantine, and removal from the United States of each applicable dog; and

“(ii) the return of each applicable dog to its place of export, with due care for the welfare of each applicable dog.”.

(b) Conforming amendment.—Section 18 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2148) is repealed.

(c) Transition period.—Until the date on which final regulations are issued under section 10404A(c) of the Animal Health Protection Act (as added by subsection (a)), the importation of live dogs shall be regulated in accordance with the regulations promulgated under section 18 of that Act (7 U.S.C. 2148) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act), but only to the extent that those regulations are not in conflict with section 10404A of that Act.

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a study to review the veterinary medicine loan repayment program established under section 1415A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3151a) (referred to in this subsection as the “program”)—

(A) to determine if the program is achieving its purpose of ensuring that an adequate supply of trained food animal veterinarians are placed in identified veterinarian shortage situations (as determined under subsection (b) of that section (7 U.S.C. 3151a(b))); and

(B) to identify recommendations for improvements to the program, including improvements that may be implemented administratively or that require statutory authorization.

(D) an estimate of the benefits of increasing the maximum annual payment amount towards qualified educational loans.

(3) COMMUNITY INPUT.—In carrying out the study under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall seek input from stakeholders on—

(A) whether the program is meeting its short-term objective of matching specific area needs with the knowledge, skills, abilities, experiences, goals, and aspirations of applicants;

(B) whether the program is meeting its long-term objective of providing educational loan repayment support to veterinarians to sustain clinical private and public practice in veterinary shortage situations described in paragraph (1)(A);

(D) providing solutions for problems identified in subparagraph (C), to include in recommendations under paragraph (1)(B); and

(4) REPORT.—The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report that describes the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1), including—

(A) the recommendations described in paragraph (1)(B) and any other recommendations that the Secretary determines appropriate; and

(B) any data and information gaps identified for applicants and awardees of the program.

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a study to review the veterinary services grant program established under section 1415B of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3151b) (referred to in this subsection as the “program”)—

(A) to determine if the program is achieving its purpose of relieving veterinarian shortage situations (as defined in subsection (a) of that section (7 U.S.C. 3151b(a)) and supporting veterinary services; and

(B) to identify recommendations for improvements to the program, including improvements that may be implemented administratively or that require statutory authorization.

(2) COMMUNITY INPUT.—In carrying out the study under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall seek input from stakeholders on—

(A) whether the education, extension, and training grants are achieving their purpose of developing, implementing, and sustaining veterinary services through education, training, recruitment, placement, and retention of veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and students of veterinary medicine and veterinary technology;

(B) whether the rural practice enhancement grants are achieving their purpose of establishing or expanding veterinary practices in rural areas;

(D) providing solutions for problems identified under subparagraph (C), to include in recommendations under paragraph (1)(B); and

(3) REPORT.—The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report that describes the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1), including the recommendations described in paragraph (1)(B) and any other recommendations that the Secretary determines appropriate.

(a) Definition of mass depopulation.—In this section, the term “mass depopulation” means the method by which large numbers of animals are destroyed quickly and efficiently to contain, control, and eradicate disease.

(b) Report.—Not later than December 31 of each year, the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service shall submit to the Secretary a report that describes the mass depopulation activities carried out or facilitated by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service during the previous fiscal year, including the following information with regard to each mass depopulation:

(6) Any monitoring, testing, or sampling protocol used to monitor releases of environmental contaminants from the disposal location.

(c) Publicly searchable database.—The Secretary shall develop and make publicly available an electronically searchable and sortable database that contains the information reported under subsection (b).

(a) In general.—Section 14 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2144) is amended to read as follows:

“(1) ANIMAL RESCUE ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘animal rescue organization’ means a nonprofit organization the purpose of which is to rescue covered animals and find permanent adoptive homes for those animals.

“(iii) allow the use of a covered animal for performance or exhibition purposes; or

“(iv) conduct or permit research on a covered animal other than noninvasive behavioral research.

“(3) COVERED ANIMAL.—The term ‘covered animal’ means a dog or a cat that is unwanted, abandoned, or otherwise in need of placement in a home.

“(4) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘nonprofit organization’ means an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of that Code.

“(5) SUITABLE FOR RETIREMENT.—The term ‘suitable for retirement’ means, with respect to an animal, that the animal has been evaluated by a licensed veterinarian and is determined to be mentally and physically healthy.

“(b) Laboratory animal facilities and exhibitors.—Any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States that operates laboratory animal facilities or exhibits animals shall comply with the standards and other requirements promulgated by the Secretary under subsections (a), (g), (h), and (i) of section 13.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States operating a Federal research facility shall, after public notice and comment, promulgate regulations that, with respect to any covered animal of the facility that is no longer needed for research and is determined to be suitable for retirement—

“(A) facilitate and encourage the adoption of the covered animal by, or placement of the covered animal with, an animal rescue organization, an animal shelter, or an individual who intends to keep the covered animal as a pet; and

“(B) to the maximum extent practicable, seek collaboration with appropriate nonprofit organizations to carry out subparagraph (A).

“(2) NATIONAL PLACEMENT.—The regulations promulgated to carry out paragraph (1)(A) shall include consideration of placing covered animals with the entities described in that subparagraph that are located beyond the immediate geographic vicinity of the Federal research facility at which the covered animal being retired is located.

“(d) Effect on other laws.—Nothing in this section, including regulations promulgated under subsection (c)(1), shall—

“(1) preempt any State or local law relating to the adoption or placement of animals used in research that is more stringent than the requirements of this section; or

“(2) prevent a State or unit of local government from adopting or enforcing an animal welfare law that is more stringent than this section.”.

(b) Technical amendments.—Section 13 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2143) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsections (g) and (h) as subsections (h) and (i), respectively; and

(2) by redesignating the second subsection (f) (relating to the certification requirement for the delivery of any animal) as subsection (g).

(a) Definitions.—Section 2 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2132) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b), by striking “of the United States or his representative who shall be an employee of the United States” and inserting “or a representative of the Secretary of Agriculture, who shall be an employee of the”;

(2) in subsection (c)(1), by adding “or” at the end after the semicolon; and

(A) by inserting a subsection heading, the text of which comprises the term defined in the subsection;

(B) by reordering the subsections so as to appear in alphabetical order based on the subsection headings (as so added); and

(b) Sale or transportation without license.—Section 4 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2134) is amended to read as follows:

(c) Investigations and inspections.—Section 16(c) of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2146(c)) is amended in the fourth sentence by striking “enforce, and to prevent and restrain violations of this Act,” and inserting “enforce, prevent, and restrain violations of this Act, or any rule, standard, or regulation promulgated pursuant to this Act,”.

(d) Civil penalty.—Section 19 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2149) is amended—

(1) in subsection (d), in the first sentence, by inserting “, or any rule, standard, or regulation promulgated thereunder,” before “shall”; and

“(e) Rewards and certain incidental expenses.—With respect to the sums received by the Secretary or the Attorney General as penalties or fines for any violation of this Act or any rule, standard, or regulation promulgated thereunder, the Secretary or the Attorney General, as applicable, shall use those sums to pay the reasonable and necessary costs incurred by any person in providing temporary care for any animal pending the disposition of any civil or criminal proceeding alleging a violation of this Act with respect to that animal.”.

(e) Enforcement by Attorney General.—The Animal Welfare Act is amended by inserting after section 19 (7 U.S.C. 2149) the following:

“(a) In general.—The Attorney General may bring a civil action in the appropriate district court of the United States for appropriate relief, including a temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction (including for removal or relocation of animals), license revocation, and civil penalties of up to $10,000 for each violation for each day during which the violation continues, against any person who violates any provision of this Act or any rule, standard, or regulation promulgated thereunder.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Any animal that is subjected to conduct that constitutes a violation of this Act, or any rule, standard, or regulation promulgated thereunder, shall be subject to seizure and forfeiture to the United States in accordance with chapter 46 of title 18, United States Code.

“(2) COSTS.—Any person whose act or omission is the basis for a seizure authorized by subparagraph (1) may be charged a reasonable fee for expenses to the United States relating to the transfer and care of the seized animal.

“(c) Warrants.—The judges of the district courts of the United States and United States magistrate judges may, within their respective jurisdictions, on proper oath or affirmation showing probable cause, issue such warrants or other processes as may be required for enforcement of this Act and any rule, standard, or regulation promulgated thereunder.

“(1) ATTORNEY GENERAL.—No action taken by the Attorney General pursuant to this section shall affect or limit the authority of the Secretary to enforce any provision of this Act or any rule, standard, or regulation thereunder.

“(2) SECRETARY.—No action taken by the Secretary shall affect or limit the authority of the Attorney General under this Act.”.

(f) Authority To apply for injunctions.—Section 29(b) of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2159(b)) is amended by striking the second sentence.

(g) Severability.—The Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(h) Memorandum of understanding.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with the Attorney General to carry out the authorities granted by the amendments made by this section, including an agreement to provide the Attorney General with timely information about violators who have multiple citations that seriously or adversely affect the health or well-being of an animal.

(1) section 16(c) of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2146(c)) establishes the jurisdiction of Federal courts to address violations of, and cases arising from violations of, that Act and provides the Attorney General with the authority to bring such cases in Federal court; and

(2) the enforcement jurisdiction of the Federal courts, and the corresponding enforcement authority of the Attorney General, include violations of the rules, standards, and regulations promulgated under that Act.

Section 12513(i) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 1632d(i)) is amended by striking “$20,000,000” and inserting “$36,000,000”.

Section 8e(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (7 U.S.C. 608e–1(a)), reenacted with amendments by the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, is amended—

(1) in the first sentence, by striking “dates, filberts” and inserting “dates (including dates for processing), filberts”;

(2) by striking “, other than dates for processing,” each place it appears; and

(3) by striking “he” each place it appears and inserting “the Secretary of Agriculture”.

Subtitle I of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 7005) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(a) Authorization.—The Secretary shall establish in the Agricultural Marketing Service the position of Farmer Seed Liaison.

“(1) elevate the voices of farmers, small- and mid-sized seed companies, and independent plant breeders for the purpose of strengthening competition and choice in the seed marketplace;

“(2) serve as a point of contact within the Department for stakeholders regarding all matters relating to seeds;

“(3) liaise with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and other relevant Federal and State agencies and international bodies regarding seed issues;

“(4) engage with farmers, seed companies, plant breeders, and the public regarding transparency and competition in seed markets, including with respect to the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. 1551 et seq.);

“(5) promote innovation by working with relevant research agencies of the Department—

“(A) to identify priorities for public plant breeding research and development; and

“(6) review, and advise the Secretary regarding, farmer and plant breeder rights and protections under relevant laws (including the effectiveness of compliance with, and enforcement of, those laws), including the monitoring of—

“(A) any online materials that advertise seeds regulated under the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. 1551 et seq.);

“(B) contracting and data usage practices that implicate farmer and plant breeder privacy, use rights, or competition; and

“(C) licensing or marketing arrangements between seed companies and farmers or plant breeders;

“(7) establish and periodically update the website described in subsection (d); and

“(8) in carrying out the duties described in paragraphs (1) through (7), consult with and provide technical assistance to any Federal department or agency.

“(c) Support.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary may authorize staff in other agencies and offices of the Department, including the Plant Variety Protection Office in the Agricultural Marketing Service, to support the duties of the Farmer Seed Liaison under this section.

“(d) Website required.—The website referred to in subsection (b)(7) shall include—

“(1) resources, either within the Department or within other Federal departments or agencies, that promote innovation and competition within the seed marketplace; and

“(e) Consultation required.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall consult with relevant stakeholder organizations, including those that serve farmers, small- and mid-sized seed companies, and independent plant breeders.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit a report on the activities of the Farmer Seed Liaison in the prior fiscal year to—

“(2) PUBLICLY AVAILABLE.—The Secretary shall make the report described in paragraph (1) publicly available on the website of the Department.

“(g) Funding.—In addition to any amounts otherwise available, there is authorized to be appropriated $3,500,000 for each fiscal year to carry out this section.”.

(a) Study.—The Secretary shall conduct a study to examine barriers to and opportunities for commodity food purchases by the Department of Agriculture (including under programs funded by the Department of Agriculture), including—

(1) the barriers to and opportunities for commodity food purchases by the Department of Agriculture (including under programs funded by the Department of Agriculture) with respect to—

(v) other process-related or product attribute certifications determined appropriate by the Secretary; and

(C) food produced by or supplied by providers of Kosher, Halal, Tribal, or other culturally relevant agricultural products; and

(2) the extent to which existing procurement channels, including the Local Food Purchase Assistance Cooperative Agreement Program, have addressed barriers to and opportunities for commodity food purchases by the Department of Agriculture (including under programs funded by the Department of Agriculture) for each of the barriers identified in paragraph (1).

(b) Report.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall publish and make publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture a report describing in detail the results of the study conducted under subsection (a).

(a) Required representations and certifications.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall—

(1) require any entity that enters into a contract with the Department of Agriculture to represent, on an annual basis and to the best of the knowledge of the entity, whether, within the preceding 3-year period, any final administrative merits determination, arbitral award or decision, or civil judgment, as defined in coordination with the Secretary of Labor, has been issued against the entity for any violation of section 12 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 212), relating to child labor;

(2) require that an offeror with respect to a contract with the Department of Agriculture—

(A) certify, to the best of the knowledge of the entity, whether, within the preceding 3-year period, any final administrative merits determination, arbitral award or decision, or civil judgment, as defined by the Secretary in coordination with the Secretary of Labor, for a violation described in paragraph (1) has been issued against the entity; and

(B) require such a certification from each of the subcontractors or service providers to be used in performing, or that were considered for the performance of, the contract for which the offeror is submitting an offer and provide such certifications with the certification by the offeror under subparagraph (A);

(A) an entity that provides an affirmative response to a representation under paragraph (1) and has failed to implement any corrective measure negotiated under subsection (b); or

(i) provides an affirmative response to a certification under paragraph (2) and has failed to implement any corrective measure negotiated under subsection (b); or

(ii) intends to use a subcontractor or service provider in the performance of the contract that was identified as having violations in such an affirmative response and has failed to implement any corrective measure negotiated under such subsection;

(4) require the name and address of each entity that provides an affirmative response to a representation under paragraph (1), and the name and address of each offeror, subcontractor, or service provider identified as having violations in an affirmative response to a certification under paragraph (2), to be referred to the Secretary of Labor for purposes of negotiating with that entity, offeror, subcontractor, or service provider on corrective measures under subsection (b) and preparing the list and conducting suspension and debarment proceedings under subsection (c); and

(5) coordinate with the Secretary of Labor to provide procedures for consultation with the Secretary of Labor by an offeror described in paragraph (2) to assist the offeror in evaluating the information on compliance with section 12 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 212), relating to child labor, submitted to the offeror by a subcontractor or service provider pursuant to such paragraph.

(b) Corrective measures.—An entity that makes an affirmative response to a representation under subsection (a)(1) or offeror, subcontractor, or service provider that makes an affirmative response in a certification under subsection (a)(2)—

(1) shall update the representation or certification, respectively, based on any steps taken by the entity, offeror, subcontractor, or service provider to correct violations of or improve compliance with section 12 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 212), relating to child labor, including any agreements entered into with the Secretary of Labor; and

(2) may negotiate with the Secretary of Labor regarding corrective measures that the entity, offeror, subcontractor, or service provider may take in order to avoid being placed on the list under subsection (c) and referred for suspension and debarment proceedings under such subsection, in the case the entity, offeror, subcontractor, or service provider meets the criteria for such list and proceedings under such subsection.

(1) IN GENERAL.—For each calendar year beginning with the first calendar year that begins after the date that is 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Labor, in coordination with the Secretary as necessary, shall prepare a list and conduct suspension and debarment proceedings for—

(A) each entity that provided an affirmative response to a representation under subsection (a)(1) and has failed to implement any corrective measure negotiated under subsection (b) for the year of the list; and

(B) each offeror, subcontractor, or service provider that was identified as having violations in an affirmative response to a certification under subsection (a)(2) and has failed to implement any corrective measure negotiated under subsection (b) for the year of the list.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall not, during the period of time described in subparagraph (B), solicit offers from, award contracts to, or consent to subcontracts with any entity, offeror, subcontractor, or service provider that is listed—

(B) PERIOD OF TIME.—The period of time described in this subparagraph is a period of time determined by the suspension and debarment official that is not less than 4 years from the date on which the entity, offeror, subcontractor, or service provider is listed as an exclusion in the System for Award Management.

(3) ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS.—In determining the entities to consider for suspension and debarment proceedings under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Labor shall ensure procedures for such determination are consistent with the procedures set forth in subpart 9.4 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation for the suspension and debarment of Federal contractors.

(1) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful for a person to knowingly fail to make a representation or certification required under paragraph (1) or (2), respectively, of subsection (a).

(A) IN GENERAL.—A violation of paragraph (1) shall be referred by the Secretary for suspension and debarment proceedings, to be conducted by the suspension and debarment official of the Department of Labor.

(B) LOSS TO GOVERNMENT.—A violation of paragraph (1) shall be subject to the penalties under sections 3729 through 3733 of title 31, United States Code (commonly known as the “False Claims Act”).

(e) Public availability.—For each calendar year beginning with the first calendar year that begins after the date that is 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Labor, shall make publicly available on a public website a report that includes—

(1) the number of entities, offerors, subcontractors, or service providers on the list under subsection (c) for the year of the report;

(2) the number of entities, offerors, subcontractors, or service providers that agreed to take corrective measures under subsection (b) for such year;

(3) the amount of the applicable contracts with the Department of Agriculture for the entities, offerors, subcontractors, or service providers described in paragraph (1) or (2); and

(4) an assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of this section for such year.

(f) Gao study.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall—

(1) conduct a study on the prevalence of violations of section 12 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 212), relating to child labor, among entities that have entered into contracts with the Department of Agriculture; and

(2) submit a report containing the findings of the study conducted under paragraph (1) to—

(D) the Committee on Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The term “agricultural land” means any land that is used, or capable of use without substantial modification, for production of farm products.

(B) INCLUSIONS.—The term “agricultural land” includes irrigation water, livestock water, surface water, groundwater, and agricultural inputs on or associated with land described in subparagraph (A).

(2) COMMERCIAL FARM.—The term “commercial farm” means a farm on which a person produces any farm product with the intent that the farm product be sold or otherwise disposed of to generate income.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The term “farm product” means any plant or animal that is useful to humans.

(5) PERFLUOROALKYL OR POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCE; PFAS.—The term “perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance” or “PFAS” means a chemical that—

(i) R–(CF2)–CF(R′)R′′, where both the CF2 and CF moieties are saturated carbons, and none of the R groups can be hydrogen;

(ii) R–CF2OCF2–R′, where both the CF2 moieties are saturated carbons, and none of the R groups can be hydrogen; or

(iii) CF3C(CF3)RR′, where all the carbons are saturated, and none of the R groups can be hydrogen; or

(B) is covered by the most recent working definition of PFAS issued by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.

(6) PROGRAM.—The term “program” means the program established under subsection (b).

(7) SEPTAGE.—The term “septage” means waste, refuse, effluent, sludge, and any other materials from septic tanks, cesspools, or any other similar facilities.

(A) solid, semisolid, or liquid waste generated from a municipal, commercial, or industrial—

(b) Establishment.—The Secretary shall establish a program under which the Secretary shall provide grants to eligible governments for the purposes described in subsection (f).

(1) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible to receive a grant under the program, the territory of an eligible government shall contain—

(A) agricultural land that contains any soil with levels of PFAS that have been determined to be unsafe pursuant to criteria established by the Secretary; or

(B) water used for the production of farm products with levels of PFAS that have been determined to be unsafe pursuant to criteria established by the Secretary.

(2) CONSIDERATION.—In determining the eligibility of an eligible government for a grant under the program, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall consider State standards and limitations relating to soil and water.

(1) IN GENERAL.—To receive a grant under the program, the department of agriculture or similar agency of an eligible government shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.

(2) SPEND PLAN.—An application submitted under paragraph (1) shall contain a plan describing how the eligible government will administer the funding received under the program, including funding priorities and oversight.

(e) Set-Aside.—Each year, the Secretary shall provide not less than 30 percent of the total funding provided under the program to 1 or more eligible governments with a population of less than 3,000,000.

(1) IN GENERAL.—An eligible government may use a grant received under the program to provide funding for any of the following purposes:

(A) Monitoring (including through blood serum testing) the PFAS-related health complications of a person, and members of the household of that person, if agricultural land the person lives or works on is found to be contaminated by PFAS.

(B) Buying, selling, or providing compensation for agricultural land or farm products found, through test results provided to the eligible government, to be contaminated by PFAS, including costs associated with the depopulation or disposal of farm products, premortem or postmortem.

(C) Investing in agricultural equipment, facilities, and infrastructure to ensure that agricultural land that, or a commercial farm any agricultural land of which, is found to be contaminated by PFAS maintains profitability while the producers on the agricultural land, in response to the PFAS contamination—

(ii) implement remediation strategies (including disposal), technological adaptations, or other modifications to the operations of the agricultural land or commercial farm.

(D) Assisting the producers on agricultural land that, or a commercial farm any agricultural land of which, is found to be contaminated by PFAS in developing an enterprise budget for—

(E) Providing financial assistance to a person the commercial farm of which is found to be contaminated by PFAS, including income replacement.

(F) Evaluating and expanding the capacity of PFAS testing and data management in the territory of the eligible government.

(i) supports short-term farm management decisions with respect to agricultural land that has been contaminated by PFAS; and

(ii) assesses future options for viable uses of agricultural land and water used for agricultural production that has been contaminated by PFAS.

(H) Conducting research that quantifies the impact of PFAS on commercial farms and agricultural communities in the territory of the eligible government.

(iv) implementing alternative production systems in response to PFAS contamination;

(J) Developing and implementing educational programs for owners of agricultural land, including determining best practices for—

(i) informing residents about the potential of being near or on a site on which sludge or septage application was licensed or permitted by the eligible government or the Federal Government; and

(ii) providing information and guidance on buying or selling agricultural land on which sludge or septage was applied.

(K) Long-term monitoring of agricultural land contaminated by PFAS and establishing a corresponding centralized data repository.

(L) Assisting owners and operators of commercial farms not directly affected by PFAS contamination with marketing efforts whose branding and marketing may be affected by the public perception of PFAS contamination in the territory of the eligible government.

(M) Voluntary testing of farm products, agricultural land, or other locations that are suspected to be contaminated with PFAS.

(A) IN GENERAL.—In using funding received under the program, an eligible government shall prioritize purposes that directly assist producers who are experiencing financial losses due to agricultural PFAS contamination.

(B) DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PRIORITY.—In providing grants under the program, the Secretary shall prioritize the provision of grants to eligible governments that will use the grant funds for the purposes described in subparagraphs (C) through (E) of paragraph (1).

(g) Reports.—Each year of the period of a grant received under the program, the department of agriculture or similar agency of an eligible government shall submit to the Secretary and Congress a report describing—

(B) the amount of the grant allocated to each purpose described in subsection (f)(1); and

(C) the extent to which the funding received under the program, including funding priorities and oversight, was administered in accordance with the plan described in subsection (d)(2);

(2) any additional needs identified by agricultural producers in the territory of the eligible government; and

(1) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to remain available until expended.

(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $500,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

Section 12512 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 5856) is amended—

(1) in subsection (c), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “this Act” and inserting “the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024”;

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall establish an interagency working group (referred to in this subsection as the ‘working group’) to improve the availability of consistent, accurate, and reliable data for use in producing the United States Drought Monitor in accordance with this section.

“(A) 4 representatives from the Department of Agriculture, including 1 representative from each of—

“(i) the Office of the Chief Economist, who shall serve as the Chair of the working group;

“(B) 4 representatives from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, including 1 representative from each of—

“(i) that have experienced severe drought, as determined by the United States Drought Monitor, in not less than 5 calendar years during the period of calendar years 2012 through 2021; and

“(ii) more than 50 percent of the land area of which is designated by the Economic Research Service as a Level 1 frontier and remote area.

“(A) develop a means for the inclusion of additional in-situ data into the process of developing the United States Drought Monitor, including—

“(i) determining minimum requirements for data to be included in the United States Drought Monitor;

“(ii) identifying data available from other government agencies, including through portals managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and

“(iii) identifying gaps in coverage and determining solutions to address those gaps;

“(B) identify and address potential barriers to the use of existing data, including—

“(i) identifying Federal datasets that would be of immediate use in developing the United States Drought Monitor where access is restricted to some or all authors of the United States Drought Monitor; and

“(ii) developing proposed accommodations, modifications to contractual agreements, or updates to interagency memoranda of understanding to allow for incorporation of datasets identified under clause (i);

“(C) develop an open and transparent methodology for vetting data products developed using remote sensing or modeling;

“(D) if determined appropriate by the working group, develop a methodology for inclusion of data that may otherwise be excluded from the United States Drought Monitor due to shorter periods of record; and

“(E) identify and address any other issues relating to data availability and quality, as determined appropriate by the Chair of the working group.

“(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024, the working group shall submit to the Secretary, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of the Interior, and the relevant committees of Congress a report containing recommendations for changes in policies, regulations, guidance documents, or existing law to meet the objectives described in paragraph (3).

“(B) DEFINITION OF RELEVANT COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.—In this paragraph, the term ‘relevant committees of Congress’ means—

“(iv) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives.

“(5) ACTION BY THE SECRETARY.—Not later than 180 days after the date of submission of the report under paragraph (4), the Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the Interior, shall incorporate, to the extent practicable, the recommendations of the working group to improve the United States Drought Monitor in accordance with this section.

“(6) TERMINATION.—The working group shall terminate on the date that is 90 days after the date on which the report is submitted under paragraph (4).”.

(1) DATA ASSET.—The term “data asset” has the meaning given the term in section 3502 of title 44, United States Code.

(2) DEPARTMENT.—The term “Department” means the Department of Agriculture.

(3) DESIGNATED STATISTICAL AGENCY.—The term “designated statistical agency” means the statistical agency or unit designated by the Secretary under subsection (c)(3).

(4) EVALUATION.—The term “evaluation” has the meaning given the term in section 311 of title 5, United States Code.

(5) EVIDENCE.—The term “evidence” has the meaning given the term in section 3561 of title 44, United States Code.

(6) RESTRICTED USE DATA ASSET.—The term “restricted use data asset” means a data asset in the comprehensive data inventory developed by the Secretary under section 3511(a) of title 44, United States Code, that has been determined by the Secretary to meet the criteria described in paragraph (2)(A)(iii)(I)(dd) of that section.

(7) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—The term “technical assistance” means information developed to implement or administer a Department program, including information provided to program participants, State, regional, or field office staff, and external partners involved in implementing or administering the program.

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consultation with the officers and entities described in paragraph (2), shall identify data assets (including restricted use data assets) that individuals or entities with proposals meeting the requirements under the process described in subsection (d) may use to build evidence to support policymaking, including assessment of program outcomes and developing technical assistance, as required under section 312 of title 5, United States Code, in the priority areas described in paragraph (3).

(2) CONSULTATION.—The officers and entities with which the Secretary shall consult under paragraph (1) are—

(H) the heads of other agencies or offices of the Department, as determined by the Secretary; and

(3) PRIORITY AREAS.—The priority areas referred to in paragraph (1) are the following:

(4) INCLUSIONS.—The data assets identified under paragraph (1) shall include information relating to—

(E) Department program participation, election, and enrollment, including demographic data such as race, ethnicity, and gender of program participants;

(A) transfer data assets identified under subsection (b)(1) to the designated statistical agency; and

(B) to the maximum extent practicable, develop common approaches for linking data assets identified under subsection (b)(1).

(A) take the actions described in paragraph (1) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024; and

(B) establish a regular process to identify, transfer, link, and update additional data assets (including restricted use data assets) necessary to develop evidence to support policymaking.

(3) DESIGNATION OF STATISTICAL AGENCY.—The Secretary shall designate the statistical agency or unit (as defined in section 3561 of title 44, United States Code) responsible for carrying out this section.

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the head of the designated statistical agency, shall make data assets identified under subsection (b)(1) available for research proposals through the standard application process established under section 3583 of title 44, United States Code.

(2) AGENCY TERMS.—For purposes of this subsection, the Secretary may incorporate any terms developed by the agencies and offices within the Department responsible for the collection of data in the data asset.

(3) CRITERIA.—For purposes of section 3583(a)(3) of title 44, United States Code, the criteria established by the Secretary shall include measures to ensure that a research proposal described in paragraph (1)—

(A) would have statistical results that pose no risk of unauthorized disclosure of protected data;

(C) would be consistent with the purposes for which the data were collected, including for developing evidence that can be used for technical assistance and assessment of program outcomes.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish—

(A) a method to provide secure access to data assets to researchers with approved research proposals; and

(B) a method to provide disclosure review of research resulting from each proposal for which access is provided under subparagraph (A) prior to public release to ensure that no information that is otherwise protected from disclosure by law is disclosed.

(2) MEANS OF SECURE ACCESS.—The Secretary may provide secure access to data assets under paragraph (1) through the use of a secure data center, data enclave, or another arrangement that complies with all applicable data privacy laws.

(A) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Out of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, there is appropriated to the Secretary to establish and maintain the methods described in paragraph (1)—

(i) $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026, to remain available until expended; and

(ii) $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2027 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended.

(B) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts otherwise available to carry out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated to establish and maintain the methods described in paragraph (1)—

(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may charge individuals and entities a fee for each approved research proposal for secure access to data assets under this subsection.

(ii) LIMITATION.—The amount of a fee charged under clause (i) shall not exceed the cost of providing the secure access to the applicable individual or entity for the approved research proposal.

(iii) USE OF FEES.—The fees collected under clause (i) shall remain available to the Secretary, without further appropriation, until expended to establish and maintain the methods described in paragraph (1).

(f) Research review and process.—For each proposal approved for research under subsection (d), the Secretary shall—

(1) provide public access to primary research results through journal open access fees or other methods; and

(2) retain archived methods, code, documentation, and data to allow for research replication and review for a period of at least 10 years.

(1) PROGRAM EVALUATION.—Nothing in this section shall affect or modify the authority of the Secretary to conduct program evaluation studies under section 1471 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3317) through means not authorized by this section.

(2) EXISTING AUTHORIZATION.—Nothing in this section shall affect or modify the authority of the Secretary to make authorized disclosures under section 1619(b)(3) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8791(b)(3)).

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a standardized methodology to directly measure soil carbon for research and conservation purposes.

(2) REVIEW.—In developing the methodology under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall conduct a review of widely used existing methodologies for direct soil carbon measurement.

(3) CONSULTATION.—In developing the methodology under paragraph (1) and conducting the review under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall consult with—

(A) agricultural producers and forest landowners, including historically underserved farmers, ranchers, and foresters;

(E) other stakeholders who reflect the operational, geographic, and socioeconomic diversity of United States agricultural operations.

(4) CONSIDERATIONS.—In developing the methodology under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider factors such as—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall update the methodology developed under paragraph (1) as needed to reflect the best-available data science.

(B) INTEROPERABILITY.—In making any updates under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall ensure that data remains interoperable with previously collected measurements.

(A) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $10,000,000.

(B) SET-ASIDE.—Of the amount appropriated under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall use not less than 30 percent to provide culturally appropriate technical assistance and guidance to historically underserved farmers, ranchers, and foresters.

(b) Soil Carbon Inventory and Analysis Network.—Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 is amended by inserting after section 1240M (16 U.S.C. 3839bb) the following:

“(1) CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES.—The term ‘conservation activities’ has the meaning given the term in section 1240I.

“(2) ELIGIBLE LAND.—The term ‘eligible land’ means public and private cropland, rangeland, pastureland, forestland, and wetlands in the United States.

“(3) PROGRAM.—The term ‘program’ means the program established under subsection (b)(1).

“(4) REGIONAL RESOURCE AREA.—The term ‘regional resource area’ means a contiguous area of eligible land that has similar resource characteristics.

“(5) RESOURCE CHARACTERISTICS.—The term ‘resource characteristics’ means—

“(A) geographic, climate, natural resource, and soil type characteristics; and

“(B) any other characteristics that the Secretary determines to be appropriate for the purpose of carrying out the program.

“(6) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary, acting jointly through the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Administrator of the Agricultural Research Service, and the Chief of the Forest Service.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a program to inventory, monitor, and analyze soil carbon changes on eligible land in the United States.

“(A) to analyze soil properties, including soil organic carbon, across space, time, and depth; and

“(B) to analyze the impacts of land management strategies, including conservation activities, on soil carbon sequestration.

“(3) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall consult with the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the Chief of the Forest Service, the Chief Data Officer, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, and the head of any other department or agency that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

“(1) SAMPLE SITES.—The Secretary shall select sample sites under the program by taking into consideration—

“(2) PREFERENCE.—In selecting sample sites under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall give preference to sites that have been used for soil testing previously.

“(3) NUMBER OF SAMPLE SITES.—The Secretary shall select sufficient sample sites under paragraph (1) to analyze changes in soil carbon across regional resource areas, as determined by the Secretary, over time, taking into account the geographical size and heterogeneity of each regional resource area.

“(1) IN GENERAL.—Every 5 years, the Secretary shall prepare an inventory of soil carbon stocks on eligible land, under which the Secretary shall collect measurements at each sample site selected under subsection (c).

“(2) METHODOLOGY.—The Secretary shall ensure that the methodology developed under section 12517(a) of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 is used for purposes of conducting measurements at each sample site under the program.

“(3) MINIMUM NUMBER OF SAMPLES.—The Secretary shall measure a sufficient number of samples to analyze changes in soil carbon at each sample site selected under subsection (c) for each inventory under paragraph (1).

“(4) CHARACTERISTICS.—In preparing each inventory under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall document the following characteristics for each sample site selected under subsection (c):

“(D) Land management practices implemented on eligible land, including conservation activities.

“(e) Reports.—On completion of each inventory under subsection (d)(1), the Secretary shall prepare, publish, and make available to the public a report that—

“(1) contains a description of soil carbon trends, including by incorporating measurements conducted under subsection (d) during the 5 years covered by the report;

“(2) contains an analysis of the impact of different land management practices, including implementing 1 or more conservation activities, on soil carbon levels;

“(3) contains an analysis of the effect of weather and climate variability on the observed trends;

“(4) contains an analysis of how land management practices, including conservation activities, that influence soil carbon sequestration may affect the rate of emissions of other greenhouse gases in the agricultural sector, including methane and nitrous oxide; and

“(5) establishes a benchmark for the baseline soil carbon absent additional conservation activities.

“(f) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $40,000,000.”.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the head of any other Federal agency that the Secretary determines to be appropriate, shall partner with nongovernmental experts and researchers to develop and maintain a modeling tool (or combination of tools), as determined to be appropriate by the Secretary, that shall predict the impacts of different land management practices, including implementing conservation activities, on greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon sequestration across the United States.

(B) account for differences that could impact land management outcomes, including—

(C) allow a user of the tool to estimate the changes in greenhouse gas emissions or soil carbon sequestration, and the uncertainty of those estimated changes, that occur as a result of implementing 1 or more conservation activities; and

Section 12506 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4989) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2029”.

(a) In general.—The Secretary may, notwithstanding subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive or excepted service, noncompetitively convert to an appointment in the competitive service, in an agency or office within the Department of Agriculture, an individual who is—

(1) a recent graduate or student who has successfully completed the requirements of a program of the Department of Agriculture through which that individual has completed 480 hours of work, not less than 240 hours of which shall be under the supervision of the Department of Agriculture;

(2) a participant of the research associate post-doctoral scientists program described in the notice of the Office of Personnel Management entitled “Excepted Service; Consolidated Listing of Schedules A, B, and C Exceptions” (77 Fed. Reg. 19366 (March 30, 2012)) under Schedule B, Department of Agriculture (Sch. B, 213.3213(b)(1));

(3) a participant in an internship program administered by an eligible third party (as determined by the Secretary) or a Federal agency, through which that individual has completed 480 hours of work, not less than 240 hours of which shall be under the supervision of the Department of Agriculture; or

(4) a worker referenced in the notice of the Office of Personnel Management entitled “Excepted Service; Consolidated Listing of Schedules A, B, and C Exceptions” (77 Fed. Reg. 19366 (March 30, 2012)) under Schedule A, Department of Agriculture (Sch. A, 213.3113(a)(5)).

(b) Requirements.—An individual may be converted under subsection (a) only if the individual is a United States citizen, meets the requirements for that conversion, and meets Office of Personnel Management qualification standards, as determined by the Secretary.

(1) EFFECT.—Nothing in subsection (a) requires the Secretary to convert an individual under that subsection.

(2) DEADLINE.—The Secretary shall not convert an individual under subsection (a) more than 2 years after the date of completion of the event that makes the individual eligible for the conversion.

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may repay a student loan for employees in positions in the veterinary medical science 0701 occupational series at the Department of Agriculture pursuant to section 5379(b) of title 5, United States Code, except that paragraph (2) of that section shall not apply to such repayment.

(B) TERMS AND CONDITIONS.—Repayment of a student loan under subparagraph (A) shall be made subject to such terms, limitations, or conditions as are mutually agreed to by the Secretary and the employee concerned.

(2) SPECIAL PAY AUTHORITY.—The Secretary may establish a rate for special pay for positions in the veterinary medical science 0701 occupational series at the Department of Agriculture pursuant to section 5305(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, except that, in that section—

(B) “level II of the Executive Schedule” shall be substituted for “level IV of the Executive Schedule”.

(b) Special pay authority for FSA loan officers.—The Secretary may establish a rate for special pay for positions in the 1101 and 1165 occupational series relating to lending at the Farm Service Agency pursuant to section 5305(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, except that, in that section, “50 percent” shall be substituted for “30 percent”.

(c) Special pay authority for certain NRCS positions.—The Secretary may establish a rate for special pay for positions in the civil engineering 0810 occupational series, the engineering technical 0802 occupational series, the soil conservation 0457 occupational series, and the soil conservation technician 0458 occupational series at the Natural Resources Conservation Service pursuant to section 5305(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, except that, in that section, “50 percent” shall be substituted for “30 percent”.

(d) Termination.—The authorities under subsections (a) through (c) shall terminate on September 30, 2029.

Section 12520(d) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2279k(d)) is amended by striking “2024” and inserting “2029”.

Section 12609 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 5009) is amended—

(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting “and recommendations” after “Study”;

(B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting “, and make recommendations relating to,” after “study on”;

(i) in subparagraph (B), by inserting “and timely” after “affordable”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking “programs” and inserting “programs, business training, and technical assistance”;

(i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “Federal tax policies” and inserting “State and Federal policies, including tax policies”; and

(F) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

“(6) any unique barriers faced by historically underserved farmers and ranchers in the ability to transfer, inherit, or purchase agricultural assets, including land;

“(7) leasing and ownership trends, including leasing and ownership trends by foreign persons or entities; and

(2) in subsection (f), by striking “Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act” and inserting “Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024”; and

(a) Commodity Credit Corporation notification.—The Secretary shall notify the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives in writing at least 15 days prior to—

(B) the commitment of any emergency funds from the Commodity Credit Corporation; or

(2) the obligation or commitment of any emergency funds from the Commodity Credit Corporation, including, if that obligation or commitment exceeds $100,000,000—

(b) USDA notifications and reports in annual appropriations acts.—With respect to each report or notification required by an annual appropriations Act to be submitted to both the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, the Secretary shall submit that report or notification to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives at the same time the Secretary submits that report or notification to the Committees on Appropriations.

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall—

(A) develop voluntary, consensus-based, private sector-led interconnectivity standards, guidelines, and best practices for precision agriculture that will promote economies of scale and ease the burden of the adoption of precision agriculture; and

(i) coordinate with relevant public and trusted private sector stakeholders and other relevant industry organizations, including voluntary consensus standards development organizations; and

(ii) consult with sector-specific agencies, other appropriate agencies, and State and local governments.

(2) CONSIDERATIONS.—The Secretary, in carrying out paragraph (1), shall, in consultation with the Federal Communications Commission and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, consider—

(C) the cybersecurity challenges facing precision agriculture, including cybersecurity threats for agriculture producers and agriculture supply chains;

(D) the impact of advanced wireless communications technology on precision agriculture; and

(1) STUDY.—Not later than 1 year after the Secretary develops standards under subsection (a), and every 2 years thereafter for the following 8 years, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study that assesses those standards, including the extent to which those standards, as applicable—

(B) were developed in coordination with relevant industry organizations, including voluntary consensus standards development organizations; and

(2) REPORT.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report that summarizes the findings of each study conducted under paragraph (1).

(1) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2024” and inserting “2029”; and

Section 12315 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 7101 note; Public Law 113–79) is amended by striking “2024” each place it appears and inserting “2029”.

Section 12316(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 7101 note; Public Law 113–79) is amended by striking “2024” and inserting “2029”.

Section 12605(d) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7632 note; Public Law 115–334) is amended by striking “2024” and inserting “2029”.