[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 1533 Introduced in House (IH)]

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119th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 1533

  To amend title 31, United States Code, to establish an Overpayment 
 Czar, strengthen oversight and accountability for improper payments, 
                        and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                           February 24, 2025

  Mr. Meuser introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
 Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, and in addition to the 
Committee on Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined 
 by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as 
        fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To amend title 31, United States Code, to establish an Overpayment 
 Czar, strengthen oversight and accountability for improper payments, 
                        and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``PIIA Reform Act''.

SEC. 2. OVERPAYMENT CZAR.

    (a) Amendment.--Chapter 5 of title 31, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after section 504 the following new section:
``Sec. 504A. Overpayment Czar
    ``(a) Establishment.--There is established within the Office of 
Federal Financial Management a Director of Improper Payment Mitigation, 
to be referred to as the `Overpayment Czar'--
            ``(1) under the direction and control of the Controller;
            ``(2) who shall be appointed and may be removed by the 
        Director; and
            ``(3) who shall receive a rate of pay fixed by the 
        Director.
    ``(b) Duties.--The Overpayment Czar--
            ``(1) shall assist executive agencies in the 
        identification, prevention, and mitigation of improper payments 
        and fraud within Federal programs; and
            ``(2) shall develop and recommend strategies that address 
        improper payment in executive agency payments; and
            ``(3) shall annually submit to the Controller a report that 
        proposes corrective actions to improve payment integrity and 
        combat fraud effectively across the Federal Government.
    ``(c) Authority To Recommend Policy Changes.--The Overpayment Czar 
may recommend policy changes to the Chief Financial Officer of any 
executive agency to develop reliable estimates of improper payments.
    ``(d) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Controller.--The term `Controller' means the 
        Controller of the Office of Federal Financial Management.
            ``(2) Director.--The term `Director' means the Director of 
        the Office of Management and Budget.
            ``(3) Improper payment.--The term `improper payment' has 
        the meaning given that term in section 3351.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for 
chapter 5 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
after the item for section 504 the following new item:

``Sec. 504A. Overpayment Czar.''.

SEC. 3. AMENDMENTS TO FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN REQUIREMENTS.

    Section 3512(a)(3) of title 31, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``the Overpayment 
        Czar,'' after ``the Controller of the Office of Federal 
        Financial Management,''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (B)--
                    (A) in clause (viii), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in clause (ix), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(x) include a plan to decrease improper 
                        payments (as defined in section 3351) 
                        throughout executive agencies.''.

SEC. 4. IMPROPER PAYMENTS.

    (a) Expanding Improper Payment Scope.--Section 3352 of title 31, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) in clause (i), by striking ``; 
                                or'' and inserting a semicolon;
                                    (II) in clause (ii), by striking 
                                the period at the end; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following new clauses:
                            ``(iii) any new Federal program that makes 
                        more than $100,000,000 in payments in the first 
                        year of operation;
                            ``(iv) for which the Inspector general of 
                        the executive agency has an outstanding 
                        recommendation in the report required by 
                        subsection (b)(2)(E); or
                            ``(v) any new Federal program that has or 
                        is expected to have outlays exceeding 
                        $100,000,000 in any one of the first 3 fiscal 
                        years of operation and is in the first 4 years 
                        of operation.'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), in the matter 
                        preceding clause (i), by striking ``paragraph 
                        (1)'' and inserting ``paragraph (1)(B)''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``paragraph (1)'' each place it appears and 
                        inserting ``paragraphs (1) and (4)''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
            ``(4) New programs and activities.--
                    ``(A) Susceptible to significant improper 
                payments.--In addition to the programs and activities 
                identified under paragraph (1)(B), the head of an 
                executive agency shall identify as susceptible to 
                significant improper payments any program or activity 
                that--
                            ``(i) has or is expected to have outlays 
                        exceeding $100,000,000 in any one of the first 
                        3 fiscal years of operation; and
                            ``(ii) is in the first 4 years of 
                        operation.
                    ``(B) Applicability.--This paragraph shall not 
                apply with respect to any program or activity that the 
                head of the relevant executive agency determines, based 
                on the results of a review conducted under paragraph 
                (1), is not susceptible to significant improper 
                payments.''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)(1), in the matter preceding 
        subparagraph (A), by striking ``subsection (a)(1)'' and 
        inserting ``paragraphs (1) and (4) of subsection (a)''.
    (b) Authority To Require Data Reporting for Improper Payment 
Estimation Under the TANF Program.--Section 417 of the Social Security 
Act (42 U.S.C. 617) is amended by striking the period at the end and 
inserting ``or as the Secretary may determine is necessary to carry out 
subsections (a) through (e) of section 3352 of title 31, United States 
Code, with respect to any program or activity authorized by this 
part.''.
    (c) Mechanism for Noncompliance.--Section 3353 of title 31, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection:
    ``(e) Special Adjustment for Persistent Noncompliance.--
            ``(1) In general.--Beginning with the first fiscal year 
        after the date of the enactment of this subsection, any 
        executive agency which is in a state of noncompliance according 
        to subsection (b)(1) shall have its highest-level 
        administrative appropriation account reduced in the final 
        sequestration report issued under the Balanced Budget and 
        Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 for that fiscal year by 
        an amount equal to 5 percent of the total budget authority 
        provided for that account in the most recently enacted 
        applicable appropriation Act.
            ``(2) For two or more years.--If the executive agency is 
        noncompliant for two or more fiscal years after the date of the 
        enactment of this subsection, then the highest-level 
        administrative appropriation account shall be reduced in the 
        final sequestration report issued under the Balanced Budget and 
        Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 for that fiscal year by 
        an amount equal to 10 percent of the total budget authority 
        provided for that account in the most recently enacted 
        applicable appropriation Act.''.
    (d) Reports.--Subsection (d) of section 3357 of title 31, United 
States Code, is amended to read as follows:
    ``(d) Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--For each fiscal year beginning in the 
        first fiscal year after the date of the enactment of this 
        subsection, and in each of the following 9 fiscal years, the 
        head of each agency shall submit to Congress, in the report 
        containing the annual financial statement of the agency, a 
        report on the following:
                    ``(A) The progress of the agency in the following:
                            ``(i) The implementation of the following:
                                    ``(I) The financial and 
                                administrative controls required to be 
                                established under subsection (c)(1).
                                    ``(II) The fraud risk principles in 
                                the Standards for Internal Control in 
                                the Federal Government of the 
                                Government Accountability Office.
                                    ``(III) Circular A-123 of the 
                                Office of Management and Budget with 
                                respect to the leading practices for 
                                managing fraud risk.
                            ``(ii) The identification of fraud risks 
                        and vulnerabilities, including with respect to 
                        payroll, beneficiary payments, grants, large 
                        contracts, and purchase and travel cards.
                            ``(iii) The establishment of strategies, 
                        procedures, and other steps to curb fraud.
                    ``(B) Information on the status of implementing 
                each of the 11 leading practices identified in the 
                report published by the Government Accountability 
                Office on July 28, 2015, entitled `Framework for 
                Managing Fraud Risks in Federal Programs'.
            ``(2) Fulfillment of reporting requirement.--If the annual 
        financial statement of an agency, or an alternative report of 
        the agency included in the annual financial statement, includes 
        information that fulfills the requirements of this subsection, 
        the head of the agency may include a brief statement to that 
        effect in the financial statement or alternative report without 
        duplicating the information required under this subsection in a 
        separate or standalone report.''.
    (e) Greater State Investment in Payment Integrity Systems.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 33 of title 31, United States 
        Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new 
        section:
``Sec. 3359. Greater use of payment integrity tools by States
    ``(a) Increasing Use of Payment Integrity Tools by State 
Administrators.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any State that receives funding in a 
        program described under paragraph (2) shall use each applicable 
        payment integrity tool published pursuant to paragraph (3) and 
        submit a report on the effectiveness of each such tool in 
        accordance with subsection (b).
            ``(2) Programs.--The programs described under this 
        paragraph include the following:
                    ``(A) The program of block grants to States for 
                temporary assistance for needy families under part A of 
                title IV of the Social Security Act.
                    ``(B) The Medicaid program under title XIX of the 
                Social Security Act.
                    ``(C) The supplemental nutrition assistance program 
                under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 
                et seq.).
                    ``(D) The Federal-State unemployment compensation 
                program under titles III, IX, and XII of the Social 
                Security Act.
                    ``(E) The special supplemental nutrition program 
                for women, infants, and children established by section 
                17 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1786).
            ``(3) Payment integrity tools.--The Director of the Office 
        of Management and Budget shall publish a list of payment 
        integrity tools that each State shall use to reduce 
        overpayments.
    ``(b) Certification of Compliance.--Not later than September 30 of 
each year, each State shall submit to the Director of the Office of 
Management and Budget a report that includes--
            ``(1) the usage by that State of payment integrity tools; 
        and
            ``(2) an analysis on the effect of using payment integrity 
        tools.
    ``(c) Noncompliance.--If a State does not use payment integrity 
tools as required by this section, that State shall remit payment to 
the Treasury for the total amount of overpayment in any program covered 
by this section.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 
        33 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
        end the following item:

``3359. Greater use of payment integrity tools by States.''.
            (3) Effective date.--Section 3359 of title 31, United 
        States Code, as added by paragraph (1), shall take effect on 
        the date that is one year after the date of the enactment of 
        this Act.
    (f) Working System Data Sharing.--Section 205(r)(11) of the Social 
Security Act is amended--
            (1) by striking ``During the 3-year period that begins on 
        the effective date of this paragraph, the'' and inserting 
        ``The''; and
            (2) by striking ``to prevent improper payments to deceased 
        individuals'' and inserting ``for the authorized uses of the Do 
        Not Pay working system''.
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