[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 4093 Introduced in House (IH)]

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119th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 4093

    To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to require the 
   Secretary of Health and Human Services to publish information on 
    expenditures under the Medicare program, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             June 24, 2025

 Mr. Bean of Florida (for himself and Mr. Hern of Oklahoma) introduced 
  the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and 
 Means, and in addition to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, for a 
 period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for 
consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the 
                          committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
    To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to require the 
   Secretary of Health and Human Services to publish information on 
    expenditures under the Medicare program, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Apples to Apples Comparison Act of 
2025''.

SEC. 2. REQUIRING THE SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES TO PUBLISH 
              INFORMATION ON EXPENDITURES UNDER THE MEDICARE PROGRAM.

    Section 1874 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395kk) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by inserting ``(and, beginning with 2025, 
                        publish on the public website of the Centers 
                        for Medicare & Medicaid Services in machine-
                        readable files information on)'' after ``a 
                        report on'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting 
                        ``(and, beginning with 2025, by county and 
                        Metropolitan Statistical Area)'' after 
                        ``State''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) in clause (ii), by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end;
                                    (II) in clause (iii), by striking 
                                the period and inserting ``; and''; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following new clause:
                            ``(iv) beginning with 2025, each category 
                        of individuals described in subsection 
                        (h)(1).''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
            ``(3) Special rule for 2025 report and publication of 
        information.--As part of the report and publication of 
        information required under paragraph (1) for 2025, the 
        Secretary shall include enrollment information submitted under 
        this subsection for each preceding year (beginning with 2015), 
        broken down by county and Metropolitan Statistical Area and 
        provided for each category of individuals described in 
        subsection (h)(1).''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(h) Information on Expenditures.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the last 
        day of each year (beginning with 2025), the Secretary shall, 
        for each county and each Metropolitan Statistical Area, publish 
        on the public website of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid 
        Services in machine-readable files the total and average 
        expenditures under this title for items and services furnished 
        to individuals entitled to benefits under part A or enrolled 
        under part B residing in such county or Metropolitan 
        Statistical Area for each month occurring in the specified 
        historical period and for each month occurring in the specified 
        projected period with respect to such year, broken down by the 
        following categories of individuals:
                    ``(A) Individuals entitled to benefits under part A 
                and not enrolled under part B.
                    ``(B) Individuals who are--
                            ``(i) not entitled to benefits under part 
                        A;
                            ``(ii) enrolled under part B; and
                            ``(iii) not enrolled under a Medicare 
                        Advantage plan under part C.
                    ``(C) Individuals who are--
                            ``(i) entitled to benefits under part A and 
                        enrolled under part B; and
                            ``(ii) not enrolled under a Medicare 
                        Advantage plan under part C.
                    ``(D) Individuals described in subparagraph (A) who 
                are enrolled in a prescription drug plan under part D.
                    ``(E) Individuals described in subparagraph (B) who 
                are enrolled in a prescription drug plan under part D.
                    ``(F) Individuals described in subparagraph (C) who 
                are enrolled in a prescription drug plan under part D.
                    ``(G) Individuals described in subparagraph (A) who 
                are not enrolled in a prescription drug plan under part 
                D.
                    ``(H) Individuals described in subparagraph (B) who 
                are not enrolled in a prescription drug plan under part 
                D.
                    ``(I) Individuals described in subparagraph (C) who 
                are not enrolled in a prescription drug plan under part 
                D.
                    ``(J) Individuals described in subparagraph (A) who 
                are enrolled in a Federal health care program (as 
                defined in section 1128B) or a health plan under 
                chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code.
                    ``(K) Individuals described in subparagraph (B) who 
                are enrolled in such a program or plan.
                    ``(L) Individuals described in subparagraph (C) who 
                are enrolled in such a program or plan.
                    ``(M) Individuals described in subparagraph (A) who 
                are not enrolled in such a program or plan.
                    ``(N) Individuals described in subparagraph (B) who 
                are not enrolled in such a program or plan.
                    ``(O) Individuals described in subparagraph (C) who 
                are not enrolled in such a program or plan.
                    ``(P) Individuals described in subparagraph (A) who 
                are enrolled in a group health plan (as defined in 
                section 2791 of the Public Health Service Act) or a 
                medicare supplemental policy under section 1882.
                    ``(Q) Individuals described in subparagraph (B) who 
                are enrolled in such a plan or policy.
                    ``(R) Individuals described in subparagraph (C) who 
                are enrolled in such a plan or policy.
                    ``(S) Individuals described in subparagraph (A) who 
                are not enrolled in such a plan or policy.
                    ``(T) Individuals described in subparagraph (B) who 
                are not enrolled in such a plan or policy.
                    ``(U) Individuals described in subparagraph (C) who 
                are not enrolled in such a plan or policy.
                    ``(V) Individuals enrolled in a specialized MA plan 
                for special needs individuals, broken down by each type 
                of plan.
                    ``(W) Individuals enrolled in an MA plan other than 
                a plan described in subparagraph (V).
                    ``(X) Individuals enrolled in an MA plan.
                    ``(Y) Individuals described in subparagraph (X) who 
                are enrolled in a Federal health care program (as 
                defined in section 1128B) or a health plan under 
                chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code.
                    ``(Z) Individuals described in subparagraph (X) who 
                are not enrolled in such a program or plan.
                    ``(AA) Individuals described in subparagraph (X) 
                who are enrolled in a group health plan (as defined in 
                section 2791 of the Public Health Service Act) or a 
                medicare supplemental policy under section 1882.
                    ``(BB) Individuals described in subparagraph (X) 
                who are not enrolled in such a plan or policy.
                    ``(CC) Individuals described in subparagraph (X) 
                who are enrolled in a prescription drug plan under part 
                D.
                    ``(DD) Individuals described in subparagraph (X) 
                who are not enrolled in such a plan.
                    ``(EE) Individuals described in subparagraph (X) 
                who are enrolled in an MA-PD plan.
                    ``(FF) Individuals described in subparagraph (X) 
                who are not enrolled in such a plan.
                    ``(GG) Individuals described in subparagraph (CC) 
                or (EE) who are enrolled in a Federal health care 
                program (as defined in section 1128B) or a health plan 
                under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code.
                    ``(HH) Individuals described in subparagraph (CC) 
                or (EE) who are not enrolled in such a program or plan.
                    ``(II) Individuals enrolled in an employer group 
                waiver plan.
            ``(2) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection:
                    ``(A) Specified historical period.--The term 
                `specified historical period' means, with respect to a 
                year, the 10-year period ending on the last day of such 
                year.
                    ``(B) Specified projected period.--The term 
                `specified projected period' means, with respect to a 
                year, the period beginning on the first day of the 
                subsequent year of a duration specified by the 
                Secretary (but in no case to exceed a duration of 5 
                years).''.

SEC. 3. MEDPAC ANALYSIS OF MEDICARE ADVANTAGE AND FEE-FOR-SERVICE 
              EXPENDITURES.

    Section 1805(b) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395b-6(b)) 
is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(12) Analysis of medicare advantage and fee-for-service 
        expenditures.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Commission shall, as part of 
                the report described in paragraph (1)(C) submitted for 
                each year (beginning with 2026), include a 
                retrospective analysis of average expenditures under 
                this title for individuals enrolled in a Medicare 
                Advantage plan under part C compared to average 
                expenditures under this title for individuals entitled 
                to benefits under part A and enrolled under part B who 
                are eligible to enroll under such a plan but who are 
                not so enrolled.
                    ``(B) Considerations.--In preparing each analysis 
                described in subparagraph (A), the Commission shall--
                            ``(i) use data provided by the Chief 
                        Actuary of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid 
                        Services and the Boards of Trustees of the 
                        Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund 
                        established under section 1817 and the Federal 
                        Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust fund 
                        established under section 1841 and such other 
                        data as the Commission determines appropriate;
                            ``(ii) take into account--
                                    ``(I) differences in value provided 
                                under Medicare Advantage plans compared 
                                to the value provided under parts A and 
                                B, such as the existence of out-of-
                                pocket expenditure caps, supplemental 
                                benefits available under such plans, 
                                and the integration of benefits for 
                                covered part D drugs under certain such 
                                plans; and
                                    ``(II) demographic differences of 
                                individuals enrolled in Medicare 
                                Advantage plans compared to individuals 
                                entitled to benefits under part A and 
                                enrolled under part B who are not 
                                enrolled in such a plan; and
                            ``(iii) take into account differences in 
                        HCC risk scores but not take into account any 
                        favorable selection differences with respect to 
                        enrollment in such plans.
                    ``(C) Publication requirements.--With respect to 
                each analysis described in subparagraph (A), the 
                Commission shall--
                            ``(i) make public all data used in 
                        preparing such analysis in a manner that--
                                    ``(I) allows replication of such 
                                analysis; and
                                    ``(II) protects the confidentiality 
                                of personal information of individuals 
                                entitled to benefits under part A and 
                                enrolled under part B;
                            ``(ii) not later than 60 days prior to the 
                        submission of such analysis, make public the 
                        methodology used to conduct such analysis and 
                        allow at least 30 days for public comment on 
                        such methodology; and
                            ``(iii) make public a response to each such 
                        comment received on the methodology prior to or 
                        concurrent with the submission of such 
                        analysis.''.

SEC. 4. TRUSTEES REPORT OF EXPENDITURE INFORMATION.

    Section 1874 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395kk), as 
amended by section 2, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following new subsection:
    ``(i) Trustees' Report of Expenditure Information.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Boards of Trustees of the Federal 
        Hospital Insurance Trust Fund established under section 1817 
        and the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund 
        established under section 1841 shall jointly, as part of the 
        reports described in sections 1817(b)(2) and 1841(b)(2) 
        submitted for a year (beginning with 2026), include information 
        on aggregate and average expenditures under this title for the 
        following categories of individuals, broken down, in the case 
        of the category described in subparagraph (C), by expenditures 
        under part A and expenditures under part B:
                    ``(A) Individuals entitled to benefits under part A 
                and not enrolled under part B.
                    ``(B) Individuals enrolled under part B and not 
                entitled to benefits under part A.
                    ``(C) Individuals entitled to benefits under part 
                A, enrolled under part B, and not enrolled in a 
                Medicare Advantage plan under part C.
            ``(2) Provision of disaggregated information.--The Boards 
        of Trustees described in paragraph (1) shall, as part of all 
        expenditure data (including data tables) made public by such 
        Boards, disaggregate such data, to the extent practicable, 
        based on the categories of individuals described in paragraph 
        (1).''.
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