[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1385 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
<DOC>
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 1385
To amend the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act
of 1998 and the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990
to direct the Agricultural Research Service to expand organic research,
and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
April 9, 2025
Mr. Fetterman (for himself, Mr. Schiff, Mrs. Gillibrand, Mr. Booker,
Mr. Merkley, Ms. Baldwin, Ms. Smith, Mr. Welch, Mr. Padilla, Mr. Wyden,
and Mr. King) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and
referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To amend the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act
of 1998 and the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990
to direct the Agricultural Research Service to expand organic research,
and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Organic Science and Research
Investment Act of 2025''.
SEC. 2. COORDINATING AND EXPANDING ORGANIC RESEARCH INITIATIVE.
Title IV of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education
Reform Act of 1998 is amended by inserting before section 404 (7 U.S.C.
7624) the following:
``SEC. 401. COORDINATING AND EXPANDING ORGANIC RESEARCH INITIATIVE.
``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
``(1) Initiative.--The term `Initiative' means the
Coordinating and Expanding Organic Research Initiative
established under subsection (b).
``(2) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary,
acting through the Under Secretary for Research, Education, and
Economics, in consultation with the Office of the Chief
Scientist.
``(b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish, and appoint
the members of, an initiative, to be known as the `Coordinating and
Expanding Organic Research Initiative', to coordinate and expand the
resources that the Agricultural Research Service, the National
Institute of Food and Agriculture, the Economic Research Service, and
the National Agricultural Statistics Service dedicate to organic
agricultural research.
``(c) Duties.--The Initiative shall carry out the following duties:
``(1) Coordinating all research conducted by the Secretary
that is applicable to organic agricultural producers and
transitioning-to-organic agricultural producers.
``(2) Reviewing and assessing the completed and ongoing
organic and transitioning-to-organic agricultural research of
the Secretary.
``(3) Developing iterative strategic plans for future
organic and transitioning-to-organic agricultural research of
the Secretary.
``(4) Conducting the surveys and submitting to the
Secretary the reports under subsection (e)(1).
``(d) Appointment of Members.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall appoint not fewer
than 12, and not more than 18, members to the Initiative.
``(2) Eligibility.--To be eligible for appointment to the
Initiative under paragraph (1), an individual shall--
``(A) be in the competitive service or the Senior
Executive Service (as defined in sections 2102 and
2101a of title 5, United States Code); and
``(B) have expertise in organic agriculture from a
science, research, or technical assistance division of
a Department agency.
``(3) Representation.--In appointing members to the
Initiative, the Secretary shall ensure that--
``(A) not fewer than \1/4\ of the members are
appointed from each of--
``(i) the Agricultural Research Service;
and
``(ii) the National Institute of Food and
Agriculture; and
``(B) not fewer than 1 member is appointed from
each of--
``(i) the Office of the Chief Scientist;
``(ii) the National Organic Program of the
Agricultural Marketing Service;
``(iii) the Economic Research Service; and
``(iv) the National Agricultural Statistics
Service.
``(4) Chair.--The Secretary shall designate a member of the
Initiative appointed from the Office of the Chief Scientist to
serve as the Chair of the Initiative.
``(5) Term.--A member of the Initiative--
``(A) shall serve for a term of 5 years; and
``(B) may be reappointed to the Initiative.
``(e) Surveys; Reports.--
``(1) In general.--Not later than 3 years after the
establishment of the Initiative, and every 5 years thereafter,
in coordination with the roadmap for agricultural research,
education, and extension described in section 7504 of the Food,
Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 7614a), the
Initiative shall--
``(A) conduct a survey of all research relating to
organic agriculture of the Secretary; and
``(B) submit to the Secretary a report containing
the findings of the survey conducted under subparagraph
(A), which shall include sections relating to each of
the 4 agencies described in subsection (b).
``(2) Recommendations.--The Initiative shall include in
each report submitted under paragraph (1)(B) recommendations
relating to--
``(A) expanding the research conducted by the
Secretary that--
``(i) is applicable to agricultural
producers that adhere to the requirements under
the national organic program established under
the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7
U.S.C. 6501 et seq.); and
``(ii) would explore the new or enhanced
research opportunities that could lead to new
discoveries, foster innovation, improve
technologies, and promote integrated systems
approaches to assist--
``(I) organic agricultural
producers;
``(II) consumers of organic food
products;
``(III) organic marketing and
distribution channels;
``(IV) transitioning-to-organic
agricultural producers, including with
respect to barriers to transitioning to
organic production and producers who
have considered transitioning to
organic production but decided not to
do so; and
``(V) the organic food industry;
``(B) strategies to increase the coordination and
effectiveness of projects carried out by the Secretary
that are applicable to organic production and that
would improve the efficiency, productivity,
profitability, and ecosystem services of organic crop
and livestock production, including strategies relating
to--
``(i) developing new public plant cultivars
and livestock breeds that are regionally
adapted and appropriate for organic production;
``(ii) expanding the applicability and
cost-effectiveness of integrated, ecologically
based pest, weed, and disease management for
crop and livestock systems;
``(iii) developing integrated organic
production systems that--
``(I) enhance ecosystem services
relating to organic crop and livestock
production; and
``(II) optimize agricultural
resilience to the impacts of climate
change and other stresses, including
soil conservation and soil health,
biodiversity, water management, carbon
sequestration, and greenhouse gas
mitigation;
``(iv) improving the remote sensing and
monitoring capabilities for ecosystem services
relating to organic crop and livestock
production, including soil conservation and
soil health, biodiversity, water management,
carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas
mitigation;
``(v) developing grazing, pasture, forage,
and livestock manure management techniques that
are regionally adapted and appropriate for
organic production;
``(vi) enhancing irrigation and water
management techniques used in organic crop and
livestock production;
``(vii) enhancing food safety relating to
organic crops and livestock products, including
guidance on compliance with the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.);
``(viii) developing new products and new
uses of organic crops and livestock products;
``(ix) enhancing the quality of organically
produced food, including taste, appearance, and
nutritional value, after being processed into
organic crop and livestock products, through
genetic, processing, and related research
topics; and
``(x) other similar, relevant topics, as
determined by the Initiative; and
``(C) the development of data and applied research-
based information useful to organic and conventional
crop producers, associations of those producers, and
other interested beneficiaries in evaluating the
organic and conventional crops industries from a
regional and national perspective.
``(3) Review of prior report.--The Initiative shall include
in each report submitted under paragraph (1)(B)--
``(A) a review of the recommendations described in
paragraph (2) included in the prior report submitted
under paragraph (1)(B); and
``(B) the actions taken by the Secretary to
implement those recommendations.
``(f) Consultation.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out this section, the
Initiative shall engage in consultation, including with--
``(A) the National Organic Standards Board; and
``(B) land-grant colleges and universities.
``(2) Organic and conventional industries.--In preparing
each report under subsection (e)(1)(B), the Initiative shall
consult, on an ongoing basis, with a diverse array of--
``(A) organic and conventional farmers, ranchers,
handlers; and
``(B) organizations that serve those farmers,
ranchers, and handlers.
``(g) Consideration by Secretary.--In preparing the annual budget
recommendations for the Department, the Secretary shall take into
consideration the findings and recommendations contained in the most
recently submitted report under subsection (e)(1)(B).
``(h) Report by Secretary.--In the budget material submitted to
Congress by the Secretary of Agriculture in connection with the budget
of the United States Government submitted by the President under
section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, for each fiscal year, the
Secretary of Agriculture shall include a report describing how the
Secretary addressed each recommendation of the Initiative contained in
the most recently submitted report under subsection (e)(1)(B).''.
SEC. 3. ORGANIC RESEARCH AND EXTENSION INITIATIVE.
Section 1672B of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925b) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``subsection (e)'' and
inserting ``subsection (f)''; and
(ii) by striking ``2023'' and inserting
``2030'';
(B) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' at the
end;
(C) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the
end and inserting a semicolon; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(9) facilitating the identification and adoption of
traditional ecological knowledge in accordance with subsection
(e);
``(10) developing cultural practices and other allowable
alternatives to substances recommended for removal from the
National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances of the
National Organic Program of the Agricultural Marketing Service;
and
``(11) identifying how organic agriculture can adapt to and
mitigate climate change through reducing greenhouse gas
emissions, building landscape resiliency, establishing
regenerative agriculture systems, and facilitating other
related ecosystem services.'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Types
and Process,'' and inserting ``Term, Types, and
Process;'';
(B) by inserting ``(3)'' after ``Paragraphs''; and
(C) by striking ``(7 U.S.C. 450i)'' and inserting
``(7 U.S.C. 3157(b))'';
(3) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
``(e) Indigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledge.--Any grants made
under this section for the purposes of facilitating the identification
and adoption of indigenous traditional ecological knowledge shall be
subject to the following requirements:
``(1) A 1994 Institution (as defined in section 532 of the
Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C.
301 note; Public Law 103-382)) or an Alaska Native-serving
institution or Native Hawaiian-serving institution (as those
terms are defined in section 317(b) of the Higher Education Act
of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b))) shall have the role of project
director.
``(2) The free, prior, and informed consent of any Indian
Tribes (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-
Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)) or
Native Hawaiian organizations that possess the applicable
indigenous traditional ecological knowledge shall be obtained.
``(3) Appropriate attribution to the sources of the
applicable indigenous traditional ecological knowledge shall be
identified.''; and
(4) in subsection (f)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in subparagraph (F), by striking
``and'' at the end;
(ii) in subparagraph (G), by striking
``2023 and each fiscal year thereafter.'' and
inserting ``2023;''; and
(iii) by adding at the end the following:
``(H) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
``(I) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
``(J) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
``(K) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2029; and
``(L) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2030 and each
fiscal year thereafter.''; and
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and
inserting ``2030''.
SEC. 4. RESEARCHING THE TRANSITION TO ORGANIC.
Title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of
1990 is amended by inserting after section 1673 (7 U.S.C. 5926) the
following:
``SEC. 1674. RESEARCHING THE TRANSITION TO ORGANIC.
``(a) Competitive Specialized Research and Extension Grants
Authorized.--The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section
as the `Secretary'), in consultation with the National Agricultural
Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board, may make
competitive grants to support research, education, and extension
activities relating to the transition of nonorganic production systems
into organic agricultural production systems for the purposes of--
``(1) overcoming barriers to transitioning to organic
agricultural production;
``(2) documenting and understanding the effects of organic
practices on ecosystem services, including soil health and
fertility, greenhouse gas mitigation and sequestration, water
management, biodiversity-related services, and pest management;
and
``(3) developing improved technologies, methods, models,
and metrics to document, describe, and optimize ecosystem
services of transitioning agricultural production into organic
management.
``(b) Grant Administration.--Paragraphs (4), (7), (8), and (11)(B)
of subsection (b) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research
Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(b)) shall apply with respect to the making of
grants under this section.
``(c) Partnerships Encouraged.--Following the completion of a peer
review process for grant proposals received under this section, the
Secretary may provide a priority to the grant proposals, found in the
peer review process to be scientifically meritorious, that--
``(1) actively partner with producers or conduct on-farm
research; and
``(2) actively involve--
``(A) 1890 Institutions (as defined in section 2 of
the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education
Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601));
``(B) 1994 Institutions (as defined in section 532
of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of
1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103-382));
``(C) Hispanic-serving institutions (as defined in
section 502 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
U.S.C. 1101a)); or
``(D) Alaska Native-serving institutions or Native
Hawaiian-serving institutions (as those terms are
defined in section 317(b) of the Higher Education Act
of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b))).
``(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this section--
``(1) $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 and 2027;
and
``(2) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2028 and each fiscal year
thereafter.''.
SEC. 5. ORGANIC PRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA INITIATIVES.
Section 7407 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
(7 U.S.C. 5925c) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e);
(2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
``(d) Economic Impact Analysis of Organic Farming and
Certification.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the
Administrator of the Economic Research Service (referred to in
this subsection as the `Secretary'), shall conduct an economic
impact analysis of organic agricultural management conducted in
accordance with the national organic program established under
the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6501 et
seq.).
``(2) Requirements.--The analysis under paragraph (1)
shall--
``(A) take into consideration information about
farming and ranching operations of a variety of sizes,
with regional differences, and that have a diversity of
production practices and methods; and
``(B) consider the direct and indirect economic
impacts of organic agriculture on rural and urban
communities, including--
``(i) the vitality of the local economy;
``(ii) the labor market;
``(iii) environmental quality;
``(iv) social dynamics;
``(v) land ownership; and
``(vi) any other information, data, or
analysis that the Secretary determines to be
necessary to make the analysis comprehensive,
accurate, and useful.
``(3) Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of the Organic Science and Research Investment Act of
2025, the Secretary shall submit a plan to conduct the analysis
under paragraph (1) to--
``(A) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
Forestry of the Senate; and
``(B) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
Representatives.
``(4) Submission.--Not later than 3 years after the date on
which the Secretary submits the plan under paragraph (3), the
Secretary shall submit to the committees described in that
paragraph a report describing the results of the analysis
conducted under paragraph (1).''; and
(3) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking
``and'' at the end;
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the
period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
(iii) by adding at the end the following:
``(C) $10,000,000 for the period of fiscal years
2025 through 2030.''; and
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``$5,000,000 for
each of fiscal years 2008 through 2023'' and inserting
``$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through
2030''.
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