[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2029 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
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119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 2029
To protect the privacy of personal reproductive or sexual health
information, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
June 11, 2025
Ms. Hirono (for herself, Mr. Wyden, Mr. Blumenthal, Ms. Blunt
Rochester, Ms. Cantwell, Ms. Duckworth, Mr. Gallego, Mrs. Gillibrand,
Mr. Heinrich, Mr. Kaine, Ms. Klobuchar, Mr. Merkley, Mrs. Murray, Mr.
Schiff, Mrs. Shaheen, Ms. Smith, Mr. Welch, Mr. Whitehouse, Ms.
Baldwin, and Ms. Alsobrooks) introduced the following bill; which was
read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To protect the privacy of personal reproductive or sexual health
information, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``My Body, My Data Act of 2025''.
SEC. 2. MINIMIZATION.
(a) Minimization of Collecting, Retaining, Using, and Disclosing.--
A regulated entity may not collect, retain, use, or disclose personal
reproductive or sexual health information, except as is strictly
necessary to provide a product or service that the individual to whom
such information relates has requested from such regulated entity.
(b) Minimization of Employee Access.--A regulated entity shall
restrict access to personal reproductive or sexual health information
by the employees or service providers of such regulated entity to such
employees or service providers for which access is necessary to provide
a product or service that the individual to whom such information
relates has requested from such regulated entity.
SEC. 3. RIGHT OF ACCESS, CORRECTION, AND DELETION.
(a) Right of Access.--
(1) In general.--A regulated entity shall make available a
reasonable mechanism by which an individual, upon a verified
request, may access--
(A) any personal reproductive or sexual health
information relating to such individual that is
retained by such regulated entity, including--
(i) in the case of such information that
such regulated entity collected from third
parties, how and from which specific third
parties such regulated entity collected such
information; and
(ii) such information that such regulated
entity inferred about such individual; and
(B) a list of the specific third parties to which
such regulated entity has disclosed any personal
reproductive or sexual health information relating to
such individual.
(2) Format.--A regulated entity shall make the information
described in paragraph (1) available in both a human-readable
format and a structured, interoperable, and machine-readable
format.
(b) Right of Correction.--A regulated entity shall make available a
reasonable mechanism by which an individual, upon a verified request,
may direct the correction of any inaccurate personal reproductive or
sexual health information relating to such individual that is retained
by such regulated entity or the service providers of such regulated
entity, including any such information that such regulated entity
collected from a third party or inferred from other information
retained by such regulated entity.
(c) Right of Deletion.--A regulated entity shall make available a
reasonable mechanism by which an individual, upon a verified request,
may direct the deletion of any personal reproductive or sexual health
information relating to such individual that is retained by such
regulated entity and the service providers of such regulated entity,
including any such information that such regulated entity collected
from a third party or inferred from other information retained by such
regulated entity.
(d) General Provisions.--
(1) Reasonable mechanism defined.--In this section, the
term ``reasonable mechanism'' means, with respect to a
regulated entity and a right under this section, a mechanism
that--
(A) is provided in the primary manner through which
such regulated entity provides the goods or services of
such regulated entity;
(B) is easy to use and prominently available; and
(C) includes an online means of exercising such
right.
(2) Timeline for complying with requests.--A regulated
entity shall comply with a verified request received under this
section without undue delay and not later than 15 days after
the date on which the requesting individual submits the
verified request.
(3) Fees prohibited.--A regulated entity may not charge a
fee to an individual for a request made under this section.
(4) Rules of construction.--Nothing in this section shall
be construed to require a regulated entity to--
(A) take an action that would convert information
that is not personal information into personal
information;
(B) collect or retain personal information that
such regulated entity would otherwise not collect or
retain; or
(C) retain personal information longer than such
regulated entity would otherwise retain such
information.
SEC. 4. PRIVACY POLICY.
(a) Policy Required.--A regulated entity shall maintain a privacy
policy relating to the practices of such regulated entity regarding the
collecting, retaining, using, and disclosing of personal reproductive
or sexual health information.
(b) Publication Required.--A regulated entity shall prominently
publish the privacy policy required by subsection (a) on the website of
such regulated entity.
(c) Contents.--The privacy policy required by subsection (a) shall
be clear and conspicuous and shall contain, at a minimum, the
following:
(1) A description of the practices of the regulated entity
regarding the collecting, retaining, using, and disclosing of
personal reproductive or sexual health information.
(2) A concise statement of the categories of such
information collected, retained, used, or disclosed by the
regulated entity.
(3) A concise statement, for each such category, of the
purposes of such regulated entity for the collecting,
retaining, using, or disclosing of such information.
(4) A list of the specific third parties to which such
regulated entity discloses such information, and a concise
statement of the purposes for which such regulated entity
discloses such information, including how such information may
be used by each such third party.
(5) A list of the specific third parties from which such
regulated entity has collected such information, and a concise
statement of the purposes for which such regulated entity
collects such information.
(6) A concise statement describing the extent to which
individuals may exercise control over the collecting,
retaining, using, and disclosing of personal reproductive or
sexual health information by such regulated entity, the steps
an individual is required to take to implement such controls,
and direct links to such controls.
(7) A concise statement describing the efforts of the
regulated entity to protect personal reproductive or sexual
health information from unauthorized disclosure.
SEC. 5. PROHIBITION AGAINST RETALIATION.
A regulated entity may not retaliate against an individual because
the individual exercises a right of the individual under this Act,
including by--
(1) denying goods or services to the individual;
(2) charging the individual different prices or rates for
goods or services, including by using discounts or other
benefits or imposing penalties;
(3) providing a different level or quality of goods or
services to the individual; or
(4) suggesting that the individual will receive a different
price or rate for goods or services or a different level or
quality of goods or services.
SEC. 6. ENFORCEMENT.
(a) Enforcement by the Commission.--
(1) Unfair or deceptive acts or practices.--A violation of
this Act or a regulation promulgated under this Act shall be
treated as a violation of a regulation under section
18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C.
57a(a)(1)(B)) regarding unfair or deceptive acts or practices.
(2) Powers of commission.--
(A) In general.--Except as provided in section
7(6)(A)(ii), the Commission shall enforce this Act and
the regulations promulgated under this Act in the same
manner, by the same means, and with the same
jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all
applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade
Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incorporated
into and made a part of this Act.
(B) Privileges and immunities.--Any regulated
entity that violates this Act or a regulation
promulgated under this Act shall be subject to the
penalties and entitled to the privileges and immunities
provided in the Federal Trade Commission Act.
(C) Authority preserved.--Nothing in this Act shall
be construed to limit the authority of the Commission
under any other provision of law.
(D) Rulemaking authority.--The Commission may
promulgate, in accordance with section 553 of title 5,
United States Code, such regulations as may be
necessary to carry out this Act.
(b) Enforcement by Individuals.--
(1) In general.--Any individual alleging a violation of
this Act or a regulation promulgated under this Act may bring a
civil action in any court of competent jurisdiction.
(2) Relief.--In a civil action brought under paragraph (1)
in which the plaintiff prevails, the court may award--
(A) an amount not less than $100 and not greater
than $1,000 per violation per day, or actual damages,
whichever is greater;
(B) punitive damages;
(C) reasonable attorney's fees and litigation
costs; and
(D) any other relief, including equitable or
declaratory relief, that the court determines
appropriate.
(3) Injury in fact.--A violation of this Act, or a
regulation promulgated under this Act, with respect to personal
reproductive or sexual health information constitutes a
concrete and particularized injury in fact to the individual to
whom such information relates.
(4) Invalidity of pre-dispute arbitration agreements and
pre-dispute joint action waivers.--
(A) In general.--Notwithstanding any other
provision of law, no pre-dispute arbitration agreement
or pre-dispute joint-action waiver shall be valid or
enforceable with respect to a dispute arising under
this Act.
(B) Applicability.--Any determination as to whether
or how this paragraph applies to any dispute shall be
made by a court, rather than an arbitrator, without
regard to whether such agreement purports to delegate
such determination to an arbitrator.
(C) Definitions.--For purposes of this paragraph:
(i) Pre-dispute arbitration agreement.--The
term ``pre-dispute arbitration agreement''
means any agreement to arbitrate a dispute that
has not arisen at the time of the making of the
agreement.
(ii) Pre-dispute joint-action waiver.--The
term ``pre-dispute joint-action waiver'' means
an agreement that would prohibit a party from
participating in a joint, class, or collective
action in a judicial, arbitral, administrative,
or other forum, concerning a dispute that has
not arisen at the time of the making of the
agreement.
SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) Collect.--The term ``collect'' means, with respect to
personal reproductive or sexual health information, for a
regulated entity to obtain such information in any manner.
(2) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the Federal
Trade Commission.
(3) Disclose.--The term ``disclose'' means, with respect to
personal reproductive or sexual health information, for a
regulated entity to release, transfer, sell, provide access to,
license, or divulge such information in any manner to a third
party or government entity.
(4) Personal information.--The term ``personal
information'' means information that identifies, relates to,
describes, is reasonably capable of being associated with, or
could reasonably be linked, directly or indirectly, with a
particular individual, household, or device.
(5) Personal reproductive or sexual health information.--
The term ``personal reproductive or sexual health information''
means personal information relating to the past, present, or
future reproductive or sexual health of an individual,
including--
(A) efforts to research or obtain reproductive or
sexual health information, services, or supplies,
including location information that might indicate an
attempt to acquire or receive such information,
services, or supplies;
(B) reproductive or sexual health conditions,
status, diseases, or diagnoses, including pregnancy and
pregnancy-related conditions, menstruation, ovulation,
ability to conceive a pregnancy, whether such
individual is sexually active, and whether such
individual is engaging in unprotected sex;
(C) reproductive- and sexual-health-related
surgeries or procedures, including abortion;
(D) use or purchase of contraceptives, medication
abortion, or any other drug, device, or materials
related to reproductive health;
(E) bodily functions, vital signs, measurement, or
symptoms related to menstruation or pregnancy, such as
basal temperature, cramps, bodily discharge, or hormone
levels;
(F) any information about diagnoses or diagnostic
testing, treatment, medications, or the purchase or use
of any product or service relating to the matters
described in subparagraphs (A) through (E); and
(G) any information described in subparagraphs (A)
through (F) that is derived or extrapolated from non-
health information, including proxy, derivative,
inferred, emergent, and algorithmic data.
(6) Regulated entity.--
(A) In general.--The term ``regulated entity''
means any entity (to the extent such entity is engaged
in activities in or affecting commerce (as defined in
section 4 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15
U.S.C. 44))) that is--
(i) a person, partnership, or corporation
subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission
under section 5(a)(2) of the Federal Trade
Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45(a)(2)); or
(ii) notwithstanding section 4, 5(a)(2), or
6 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15
U.S.C. 44; 45(a)(2); 46) or any jurisdictional
limitation of the Commission--
(I) a common carrier subject to the
Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C.
151 et seq.) and all Acts amendatory
thereof and supplementary thereto; or
(II) an organization not organized
to carry on business for its own profit
or that of its members.
(B) Exclusions.--The term ``regulated entity'' does
not include--
(i) an entity that is a covered entity, as
defined in section 160.103 of title 45, Code of
Federal Regulations (or any successor to such
regulation), to the extent such entity is
acting as a covered entity under the HIPAA
privacy regulations (as defined in section
1180(b)(3) of the Social Security Act (42
U.S.C. 1320d-9(b)(3)));
(ii) an entity that is a business
associate, as defined in section 160.103 of
title 45, Code of Federal Regulations (or any
successor to such regulation), to the extent
such entity is acting as a business associate
under the HIPAA privacy regulations (as defined
in such section 1180(b)(3)); or
(iii) an entity that is subject to
restrictions on disclosure of records under
section 543 of the Public Health Service Act
(42 U.S.C. 290dd-2), to the extent such entity
is acting in a capacity subject to such
restrictions.
(7) Service provider.--
(A) In general.--The term ``service provider''
means a person who--
(i) collects, retains, uses, or discloses
personal reproductive or sexual health
information for the sole purpose of, and only
to the extent that such person is, conducting
business activities on behalf of, for the
benefit of, under instruction of, and under
contractual agreement with a regulated entity
and not any other individual or entity; and
(ii) does not divulge personal reproductive
or sexual health information to any individual
or entity other than such regulated entity or a
contractor to such service provider bound to
information processing terms no less
restrictive than terms to which such service
provider is bound.
(B) Limitation of application.--Such person shall
only be considered a service provider in the course of
activities described in subparagraph (A)(i).
(C) Minimization by service providers.--For
purposes of compliance with section 2 by a service
provider of a regulated entity, a request from an
individual to such regulated entity for a product or
service shall be treated as having also been provided
to such service provider.
(8) Third party.--The term ``third party'' means, with
respect to the disclosing or collecting of personal
reproductive or sexual health information, any person who is
not--
(A) the regulated entity that is disclosing or
collecting such information;
(B) the individual to whom such information
relates; or
(C) a service provider.
SEC. 8. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
Nothing in this Act shall be construed to limit or diminish First
Amendment freedoms guaranteed under the Constitution.
SEC. 9. RELATIONSHIP TO FEDERAL AND STATE LAWS.
(a) Federal Law Preservation.--Nothing in this Act, or a regulation
promulgated under this Act, shall be construed to limit any other
provision of Federal law, except as specifically provided in this Act.
(b) State Law Preservation.--
(1) In general.--Nothing in this Act, or a regulation
promulgated under this Act, shall be construed to preempt,
displace, or supplant any State law, except to the extent that
a provision of State law conflicts with a provision of this
Act, or a regulation promulgated under this Act, and then only
to the extent of the conflict.
(2) Greater protection under state law.--For purposes of
this subsection, a provision of State law does not conflict
with a provision of this Act, or a regulation promulgated under
this Act, if such provision of State law provides greater
privacy protection than the privacy protection provided by such
provision of this Act or such regulation.
SEC. 10. SAVINGS CLAUSE.
Nothing in this Act shall be construed to limit the authority of
the Commission under any other provision of law. Nothing in this Act,
or a regulation promulgated under this Act, shall be construed to
prohibit a regulated entity from disclosing personal reproductive or
sexual health information to the Commission as required by law, in
compliance with a court order, or in compliance with a civil
investigative demand or similar process authorized under law.
SEC. 11. SEVERABILITY CLAUSE.
If any provision of this Act, or the application thereof to any
person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of this Act, and
the application of such provision to other persons not similarly
situated or to other circumstances, shall not be affected by the
invalidation.
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