[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2164 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
<DOC>
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 2164
To direct the Federal Trade Commission to require impact assessments of
automated decision systems and augmented critical decision processes,
and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
June 25 (legislative day, June 24), 2025
Mr. Wyden (for himself, Ms. Warren, Mr. Booker, Mr. Heinrich, Mr.
Lujan, Mr. Merkley, Ms. Hirono, and Mr. Schatz) introduced the
following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To direct the Federal Trade Commission to require impact assessments of
automated decision systems and augmented critical decision processes,
and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Algorithmic Accountability Act of
2025''.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) Augmented critical decision process.--The term
``augmented critical decision process'' means a process,
procedure, or other activity that employs an automated decision
system to make a critical decision.
(2) Automated decision system.--The term ``automated
decision system'' means any system, software, or process
(including one derived from machine learning, statistics, or
other data processing or artificial intelligence techniques and
excluding passive computing infrastructure) that uses
computation, the result of which serves as a basis for a
decision or judgment.
(3) Biometrics.--The term ``biometrics'' means any
information that represents a biological, physiological, or
behavioral attribute or feature of a consumer.
(4) Chair.--The term ``Chair'' means the Chair of the
Commission.
(5) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the Federal
Trade Commission.
(6) Consumer.--The term ``consumer'' means an individual.
(7) Covered entity.--
(A) In general.--The term ``covered entity'' means
any person, partnership, or corporation over which the
Commission has jurisdiction under section 5(a)(2) of
the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45(a)(2))--
(i) that deploys any augmented critical
decision process; and
(I) had greater than $50,000,000 in
average annual gross receipts or is
deemed to have greater than
$250,000,000 in equity value for the 3-
taxable-year period (or for the period
during which the person, partnership,
or corporation has been in existence,
if such period is less than 3 years)
preceding the most recent fiscal year,
as determined in accordance with
paragraphs (2) and (3) of section
448(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986;
(II) possesses, manages, modifies,
handles, analyzes, controls, or
otherwise uses identifying information
about more than 1,000,000 consumers,
households, or consumer devices for the
purpose of developing or deploying any
automated decision system or augmented
critical decision process; or
(III) is substantially owned,
operated, or controlled by a person,
partnership, or corporation that meets
the requirements under subclause (I) or
(II);
(ii) that--
(I) had greater than $5,000,000 in
average annual gross receipts or is
deemed to have greater than $25,000,000
in equity value for the 3-taxable-year
period (or for the period during which
the person, partnership, or corporation
has been in existence, if such period
is less than 3 years) preceding the
most recent fiscal year, as determined
in accordance with paragraphs (2) and
(3) of section 448(c) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986; and
(II) deploys any automated decision
system that is developed for
implementation or use, or that the
person, partnership, or corporation
reasonably expects to be implemented or
used, in an augmented critical decision
process by any person, partnership, or
corporation if such person,
partnership, or corporation meets the
requirements described in clause (i);
or
(iii) that met the criteria described in
clause (i) or (ii) within the previous 3 years.
(B) Inflation adjustment.--For purposes of applying
this paragraph in any fiscal year after the first
fiscal year that begins on or after the date of
enactment of this Act, each of the dollar amounts
specified in subparagraph (A) shall be increased by the
percentage increase (if any) in the consumer price
index for all urban consumers (U.S. city average) from
such first fiscal year that begins after such date of
enactment to the fiscal year involved.
(8) Critical decision.--The term ``critical decision''
means a decision or judgment that has any legal, material, or
similarly significant effect on a consumer's life relating to
access to or the cost, terms, or availability of--
(A) education and vocational training, including
assessment, accreditation, or certification;
(B) employment, workers management, or self-
employment;
(C) essential utilities, such as electricity, heat,
water, internet or telecommunications access, or
transportation;
(D) family planning, including adoption services or
reproductive services;
(E) financial services, including any financial
service provided by a mortgage company, mortgage
broker, or creditor;
(F) healthcare, including mental healthcare,
dental, or vision;
(G) housing or lodging, including any rental or
short-term housing or lodging;
(H) legal services, including private arbitration
or mediation; or
(I) any other service, program, or opportunity
decisions about which have a comparably legal,
material, or similarly significant effect on a
consumer's life as determined by the Commission through
rulemaking.
(9) Deploy.--The term ``deploy'' means to implement, use,
or make available for sale, license, or other commercial
relationship.
(10) Develop.--The term ``develop'' means to design, code,
produce, customize, or otherwise create or modify.
(11) Identifying information.--The term ``identifying
information'' means any information, regardless of how the
information is collected, inferred, predicted, or obtained that
identifies or represents a consumer, household, or consumer
device through data elements or attributes, such as name,
postal address, telephone number, biometrics, email address,
internet protocol address, social security number, or any other
identifying number, identifier, or code.
(12) Impact assessment.--The term ``impact assessment''
means the ongoing study and evaluation of an automated decision
system or augmented critical decision process and its impact on
consumers.
(13) Passive computing infrastructure.--The term ``passive
computing infrastructure'' means any intermediary technology
that does not influence or determine the outcome of a decision,
including--
(A) web hosting;
(B) domain registration;
(C) networking;
(D) caching;
(E) data storage; or
(F) cybersecurity.
(14) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the 50
States, the District of Columbia, and any territory or
possession of the United States.
(15) Summary report.--The term ``summary report'' means
documentation of a subset of information required to be
addressed by the impact assessment as described in this Act or
determined appropriate by the Commission.
(16) Third-party decision recipient.--The term ``third-
party decision recipient'' means any person, partnership, or
corporation (beyond the consumer and the covered entity) that
receives a copy of or has access to the results of any decision
or judgment that results from a covered entity's deployment of
an automated decision system or augmented critical decision
process.
SEC. 3. ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF AUTOMATED DECISION SYSTEMS AND
AUGMENTED CRITICAL DECISION PROCESSES.
(a) Acts Prohibited.--
(1) In general.--It is unlawful for--
(A) any covered entity to violate a regulation
promulgated under subsection (b); or
(B) any person to knowingly provide substantial
assistance to any covered entity in violating
subsection (b).
(2) Preemption of private contracts.--It shall be unlawful
for any covered entity to commit the acts prohibited in
paragraph (1), regardless of specific agreements between
entities or consumers.
(b) Regulations.--
(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), not later than 2
years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Commission
shall, in consultation with the Director of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, the Director of the
National Artificial Intelligence Initiative, the Director of
the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and other relevant
stakeholders, including standards bodies, private industry,
academia, technology experts, and advocates for civil rights,
consumers, and impacted communities, promulgate regulations, in
accordance with section 553 of title 5, United States Code,
that--
(A) require each covered entity to perform impact
assessment of any--
(i) deployed automated decision system that
was developed for implementation or use, or
that the covered entity reasonably expects to
be implemented or used, in an augmented
critical decision process by any person,
partnership, or corporation that meets the
requirements described in section 2(7)(A)(i);
and
(ii) augmented critical decision process,
both prior to and after deployment by the
covered entity;
(B) require each covered entity to maintain
documentation of any impact assessment performed under
subparagraph (A), including the applicable information
described in section 4(a) for 3 years longer than the
duration of time for which the automated decision
system or augmented critical decision process is
deployed;
(C) require each person, partnership, or
corporation that meets the requirements described in
section 2(7)(A)(i) to disclose their status as a
covered entity to any person, partnership, or
corporation that sells, licenses, or otherwise provides
through a commercial relationship any automated
decision system deployed by the covered entity in an
automated decision system or augmented critical
decision process;
(D) require each covered entity to submit to the
Commission, on an annual basis, a summary report for
ongoing impact assessment of any deployed automated
decision system or augmented critical decision process;
(E) require each covered entity to submit an
initial summary report to the Commission for any new
automated decision system or augmented critical
decision process prior to its deployment by the covered
entity;
(F) allow any person, partnership, or corporation
over which the Commission has jurisdiction under
section 5(a)(2) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15
U.S.C. 45(a)(2)) that deploys any automated decision
system or augmented critical decision process, but is
not a covered entity, to submit to the Commission a
summary report for any impact assessment performed with
respect to such system or process;
(G) require each covered entity, in performing the
impact assessment described in subparagraph (A), to the
extent possible, to meaningfully consult (including
through participatory design, independent auditing, or
soliciting or incorporating feedback) with relevant
internal stakeholders (such as employees, ethics teams,
and responsible technology teams) and independent
external stakeholders (such as representatives of and
advocates for impacted groups, civil society and
advocates, and technology experts) as frequently as
necessary;
(H) require each covered entity to attempt to
eliminate or mitigate, in a timely manner, any impact
made by an augmented critical decision process that
demonstrates a likely material negative impact that has
legal or similarly significant effects on a consumer's
life;
(I) establish definitions for--
(i) what constitutes ``access to or the
cost, terms, or availability of'' with respect
to a critical decision;
(ii) what constitutes ``possession'',
``management'', ``modification'', and
``control'' with respect to identifying
information;
(iii) the different categories of third-
party decision recipients that a covered entity
must document under section 5(1)(H); and
(iv) any of the services, programs, or
opportunities described in subparagraphs (A)
through (I) of section 2(8) for the purpose of
informing consumers, covered entities, and
regulators, as the Commission deems necessary;
(J) establish guidelines for any person,
partnership, or corporation to calculate the number of
consumers, households, or consumer devices for which
the person, partnership, or corporation possesses,
manages, modifies, or controls identifying information
for the purpose of determining covered entity status;
(K) establish guidelines for a covered entity to
prioritize different automated decision systems and
augmented critical decision processes deployed by the
covered entity for performing impact assessment; and
(L) establish a required format for any summary
report, as described in subparagraphs (D), (E), and
(F), to ensure that such reports are submitted in an
accessible and machine-readable format.
(2) Considerations.--In promulgating the regulations under
paragraph (1), the Commission--
(A) shall take into consideration--
(i) that certain assessment or
documentation of an automated decision system
or augmented critical decision process may only
be possible at particular stages of the
development and deployment of such system or
process or may be limited or not possible based
on the availability of certain types of
information or data or the nature of the
relationship between the covered entity and
consumers;
(ii) the duration of time between summary
report submissions and the timeliness of the
reported information;
(iii) the administrative burden placed on
the Commission and the covered entity;
(iv) the benefits of standardizing and
structuring summary reports for comparative
analysis compared with the benefits of less-
structured narrative reports to provide detail
and flexibility in reporting;
(v) that summary reports submitted by
different covered entities may contain
different fields according to the requirements
established by the Commission, and the
Commission may allow or require submission of
incomplete reports;
(vi) that existing data privacy and other
regulations may inhibit a covered entity from
storing or sharing certain information; and
(vii) that a covered entity may require
information from other persons, partnerships,
or corporations that develop any automated
decision system deployed in an automated
decision system or augmented critical decision
process by the covered entity for the purpose
of performing impact assessment; and
(B) may develop specific requirements for impact
assessments and summary reports for particular--
(i) categories of critical decisions, as
described in subparagraphs (A) through (I) of
section 2(8) or any subcategory developed by
the Commission; and
(ii) stages of development and deployment
of an automated decision system or augmented
critical decision process.
(3) Effective date.--The regulations described in paragraph
(1) shall take effect on the date that is 2 years after such
regulations are promulgated.
SEC. 4. REQUIREMENTS FOR COVERED ENTITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT.
(a) Requirements for Impact Assessment.--In performing any impact
assessment required under section 3(b)(1) for an automated decision
system or augmented critical decision process, a covered entity shall
do the following, to the extent possible, as applicable to such covered
entity as determined by the Commission:
(1) In the case of a new augmented critical decision
process, evaluate any previously existing critical decision-
making process used for the same critical decision prior to the
deployment of the new augmented critical decision process,
along with any related documentation or information, such as--
(A) a description of the baseline process being
enhanced or replaced by the augmented critical decision
process;
(B) any known harm, shortcoming, failure case, or
material negative impact on consumers of the previously
existing process used to make the critical decision;
(C) the intended benefits of and need for the
augmented critical decision process; and
(D) the intended purpose of the automated decision
system or augmented critical decision process.
(2) Identify and describe any consultation with relevant
stakeholders as required by section 3(b)(1)(G), including by
documenting--
(A) the points of contact for the stakeholders who
were consulted;
(B) the date of any such consultation; and
(C) information about the terms and process of the
consultation, such as--
(i) the existence and nature of any legal
or financial agreement between the stakeholders
and the covered entity;
(ii) any data, system, design, scenario, or
other document or material the stakeholder
interacted with; and
(iii) any recommendations made by the
stakeholders that were used to modify the
development or deployment of the automated
decision system or augmented critical decision
process, as well as any recommendations not
used and the rationale for such nonuse.
(3) In accordance with any relevant National Institute of
Standards and Technology or other Federal Government best
practices and standards, perform ongoing testing and evaluation
of the privacy risks and privacy-enhancing measures of the
automated decision system or augmented critical decision
process, such as--
(A) assessing and documenting the data minimization
practices of such system or process and the duration
for which the relevant identifying information and any
resulting critical decision is stored;
(B) assessing the information security measures in
place with respect to such system or process, including
any use of privacy-enhancing technology such as
federated learning, differential privacy, secure multi-
party computation, de-identification, or secure data
enclaves based on the level of risk; and
(C) assessing and documenting the current and
potential future or downstream positive and negative
impacts of such system or process on the privacy,
safety, or security of consumers and their identifying
information.
(4) Perform ongoing testing and evaluation of the current
and historical performance of the automated decision system or
augmented critical decision process using measures such as
benchmarking datasets, representative examples from the covered
entity's historical data, and other standards, including by
documenting--
(A) a description of what is deemed successful
performance and the methods and technical and business
metrics used by the covered entity to assess
performance;
(B) a review of the performance of such system or
process under test conditions or an explanation of why
such performance testing was not conducted;
(C) a review of the performance of such system or
process under deployed conditions or an explanation of
why performance was not reviewed under deployed
conditions;
(D) a comparison of the performance of such system
or process under deployed conditions to test conditions
or an explanation of why such a comparison was not
possible;
(E) an evaluation of any differential performance
associated with consumers' race, color, sex, gender,
age, disability, religion, family status, socioeconomic
status, or veteran status, and any other
characteristics the Commission deems appropriate
(including any combination of such characteristics) for
which the covered entity has information, including a
description of the methodology for such evaluation and
information about and documentation of the methods used
to identify such characteristics in the data (such as
through the use of proxy data, including ZIP Codes);
and
(F) if any subpopulations were used for testing and
evaluation, a description of which subpopulations were
used and how and why such subpopulations were
determined to be of relevance for the testing and
evaluation.
(5) Support and perform ongoing training and education for
all relevant employees, contractors, or other agents regarding
any documented material negative impacts on consumers from
similar automated decision systems or augmented critical
decision processes and any improved methods of developing or
performing an impact assessment for such system or process
based on industry best practices and relevant proposals and
publications from experts, such as advocates, journalists, and
academics.
(6) Assess the need for and possible development of any
guard rail for or limitation on certain uses or applications of
the automated decision system or augmented critical decision
process, including whether such uses or applications ought to
be prohibited or otherwise limited through any terms of use,
licensing agreement, or other legal agreement between entities.
(7) Maintain and keep updated documentation of any data or
other input information used to develop, test, maintain, or
update the automated decision system or augmented critical
decision process, including--
(A) how and when such data or other input
information was sourced and, if applicable, licensed,
including information such as--
(i) metadata and information about the
structure and type of data or other input
information, such as the file type, the date of
the file creation or modification, and a
description of data fields;
(ii) an explanation of the methodology by
which the covered entity collected, inferred,
or obtained the data or other input information
and, if applicable, labeled, categorized,
sorted, or clustered such data or other input
information, including whether such data or
other input information was labeled,
categorized, sorted, or clustered prior to
being collected, inferred, or obtained by the
covered entity; and
(iii) whether and how consumers provided
informed consent for the inclusion and further
use of data or other input information about
themselves and any limitations stipulated on
such inclusion or further use;
(B) why such data or other input information was
used and what alternatives were explored; and
(C) other information about the data or other input
information, such as--
(i) the representativeness of the dataset
and how this factor was measured, including any
assumption about the distribution of the
population on which the augmented critical
decision process is deployed; and
(ii) the quality of the data, how the
quality was evaluated, and any measure taken to
normalize, correct, or clean the data.
(8) Evaluate the rights of consumers, such as--
(A) by assessing the extent to which the covered
entity provides consumers with--
(i) clear notice that such system or
process will be used; and
(ii) a mechanism for opting out of such
use;
(B) by assessing the transparency and
explainability of such system or process and the degree
to which a consumer may contest, correct, or appeal a
decision or opt out of such system or process,
including--
(i) the information available to consumers
or representatives or agents of consumers about
the system or process, such as any relevant
factors that contribute to a particular
decision, including an explanation of which
contributing factors, if changed, would cause
the system or process to reach a different
decision, and how such consumer,
representative, or agent can access such
information;
(ii) documentation of any complaint,
dispute, correction, appeal, or opt-out request
submitted to the covered entity by a consumer
with respect to such system or process; and
(iii) the process and outcome of any
remediation measure taken by the covered entity
to address the concerns of or harms to
consumers; and
(C) by describing the extent to which any third-
party decision recipient receives a copy of or has
access to the results of such system or process and the
category of such third-party decision recipient, as
defined by the Commission in section 3(b)(1)(I)(iii).
(9) Identify any likely material negative impact of the
automated decision system or augmented critical decision
process on consumers and assess any applicable mitigation
strategy, such as by--
(A) identifying and measuring any likely material
negative impact of the system or process on consumers,
including documentation of the steps taken to identify
and measure such impact;
(B) documenting any steps taken to eliminate or
reasonably mitigate any likely material negative impact
identified, including steps such as removing the system
or process from the market or terminating its
development;
(C) with respect to the likely material negative
impacts identified, documenting which such impacts were
left unmitigated and the rationale for the inaction,
including details about the justifying non-
discriminatory, compelling interest and why such
interest cannot be satisfied by other means (such as
where there is an equal, zero-sum trade-off between
impacts on 2 or more consumers or where the required
mitigating action would violate civil rights or other
laws); and
(D) documenting standard protocols or practices
used to identify, measure, mitigate, or eliminate any
likely material negative impact on consumers and how
relevant teams or staff are informed of and trained
about such protocols or practices.
(10) Describe any ongoing documentation of the development
and deployment process with respect to the automated decision
system or augmented critical decision process, including
information such as--
(A) the date of any testing, deployment, licensure,
or other significant milestones; and
(B) points of contact for any team, business unit,
or similar internal stakeholder that was involved.
(11) Identify any capabilities, tools, standards, datasets,
security protocols, improvements to stakeholder engagement, or
other resources that may be necessary or beneficial to
improving the automated decision system, augmented critical
decision process, or the impact assessment of such system or
process, in areas such as--
(A) performance, including accuracy, robustness,
and reliability;
(B) fairness, including bias and nondiscrimination;
(C) transparency, explainability, contestability,
and opportunity for recourse;
(D) privacy and security;
(E) personal and public safety;
(F) efficiency and timeliness;
(G) cost; or
(H) any other area determined appropriate by the
Commission.
(12) Document any of the impact assessment requirements
described in paragraphs (1) through (11) that were attempted
but were not possible to comply with because they were
infeasible, as well as the corresponding rationale for not
being able to comply with such requirements, which may
include--
(A) the absence of certain information about an
automated decision system developed by other persons,
partnerships, and corporations;
(B) the absence of certain information about how
clients, customers, licensees, partners, and other
persons, partnerships, or corporations are deploying an
automated decision system in their augmented critical
decision processes;
(C) a lack of demographic or other data required to
assess differential performance because such data is
too sensitive to collect, infer, or store; or
(D) a lack of certain capabilities, including
technological innovations, that would be necessary to
conduct such requirements.
(13) Perform and document any other ongoing study or
evaluation determined appropriate by the Commission.
(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this Act should be construed
to limit any covered entity from adding other criteria, procedures, or
technologies to improve the performance of an impact assessment of
their automated decision system or augmented critical decision process.
(c) Nondisclosure of Impact Assessment.--Nothing in this Act should
be construed to require a covered entity to share with or otherwise
disclose to the Commission or the public any information contained in
an impact assessment performed in accordance with this Act, except for
any information contained in the summary report required under
subparagraph (D) or (E) of section 3(b)(1).
SEC. 5. REQUIREMENTS FOR SUMMARY REPORTS TO THE COMMISSION.
The summary report that a covered entity is required to submit
under subparagraph (D) or (E) of section 3(b)(1) for any automated
decision system or augmented critical decision process shall, to the
extent possible--
(1) contain information from the impact assessment of such
system or process, as applicable, including--
(A) the name, website, and point of contact for the
covered entity;
(B) a detailed description of the specific critical
decision that the augmented critical decision process
is intended to make, including the category of critical
decision as described in subparagraphs (A) through (I)
of section 2(8);
(C) the covered entity's intended purpose for the
automated decision system or augmented critical
decision process;
(D) an identification of any stakeholders consulted
by the covered entity as required by section 3(b)(1)(G)
and documentation of the existence and nature of any
legal agreements between the stakeholders and the
covered entity;
(E) documentation of the testing and evaluation of
the automated decision system or augmented critical
decision process, including--
(i) the methods and technical and business
metrics used to assess the performance of such
system or process and a description of what
metrics are deemed successful performance;
(ii) the results of any assessment of the
performance of such system or process and a
comparison of the results of any assessment
under test and deployed conditions; and
(iii) an evaluation of any differential
performance of such system or process assessed
during the impact assessment;
(F) any publicly stated guard rail for or
limitation on certain uses or applications of the
automated decision system or augmented critical
decision process, including whether such uses or
applications ought to be prohibited or otherwise
limited through any terms of use, licensing agreement,
or other legal agreement between entities;
(G) documentation about the data or other input
information used to develop, test, maintain, or update
the automated decision system or augmented critical
decision process including--
(i) how and when the covered entity sourced
such data or other input information; and
(ii) why such data or other input
information was used and what alternatives were
explored;
(H) documentation of whether and how the covered
entity implements any transparency or explainability
measures, including--
(i) which categories of third-party
decision recipients receive a copy of or have
access to the results of any decision or
judgment that results from such system or
process; and
(ii) any mechanism by which a consumer may
contest, correct, or appeal a decision or opt
out of such system or process, including the
corresponding website for such mechanism, where
applicable;
(I) any likely material negative impact on
consumers identified by the covered entity and a
description of the steps taken to remediate or mitigate
such impact;
(J) a list of any impact assessment requirements
that were attempted but were not possible to comply
with because they were infeasible, as well as the
corresponding rationale for not being able to comply
with such requirements; and
(K) any additional capabilities, tools, standards,
datasets, security protocols, improvements to
stakeholder engagement, or other resources identified
by an impact assessment as necessary or beneficial to
improve the performance of impact assessment or the
development and deployment of any automated decision
system or augmented critical decision process that the
covered entity determines appropriate to share with the
Commission;
(2) include, in addition to the information required under
paragraph (1), any relevant additional information from section
4(a) the covered entity wishes to share with the Commission;
(3) follow any format or structure requirements specified
by the Commission; and
(4) include additional criteria that are essential for the
purpose of consumer protection, as determined by the
Commission.
SEC. 6. REPORTING; PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE REPOSITORY.
(a) Annual Report.--Not later than 1 year after the effective date
described in section 3(b)(3), and annually thereafter, the Commission
shall publish publicly on the website of the Commission a report
describing and summarizing the information from the summary reports
submitted under subparagraph (D), (E), or (F) of section 3(b)(1) that--
(1) is accessible and machine readable in accordance with
the 21st Century Integrated Digital Experience Act (44 U.S.C.
3501 note); and
(2) describes broad trends, aggregated statistics, and
anonymized lessons learned about performing impact assessments
of automated decision systems or augmented critical decision
processes, for the purposes of updating guidance related to
impact assessments and summary reporting, oversight, and making
recommendations to other regulatory agencies.
(b) Publicly Accessible Repository.--
(1) In general.--
(A) Establishment.--
(i) Development.--Not later than 180 days
after the Commission promulgates the
regulations required under section 3(b)(1), the
Commission shall develop a publicly accessible
repository designed to publish a limited subset
of the information about each automated
decision system and augmented critical decision
process for which the Commission received a
summary report under subparagraph (D), (E), or
(F) of section 3(b)(1) in order to facilitate
consumer protection.
(ii) Publication.--Not later than 180 days
after the effective date described in section
3(b)(3), the Commission shall make the
repository publicly accessible.
(iii) Updates.--The Commission shall update
the repository on a quarterly basis.
(B) Purpose.--The purposes of the repository
established under subparagraph (A) are--
(i) to inform consumers about the use of
automated decision systems and augmented
critical decision processes;
(ii) to allow researchers and advocates to
study the use of automated decision systems and
augmented critical decision processes; and
(iii) to ensure compliance with the
requirements of this Act.
(C) Considerations.--In establishing the repository
under subparagraph (A), the Commission shall consider--
(i) how to provide consumers with pertinent
information regarding augmented critical
decision processes while minimizing any
potential commercial risk to any covered entity
of providing such information;
(ii) what information, if any, to include
regarding the specific automated decision
systems deployed in the augmented critical
decision processes;
(iii) how to document information, when
applicable, about how to contest or seek
recourse for a critical decision in a manner
that is readily accessible by the consumer; and
(iv) how to streamline the submission of
summary reports under subparagraph (D), (E), or
(F) of section 3(b)(1) to allow the Commission
to efficiently populate information into the
repository to minimize or eliminate any burden
on the Commission.
(D) Requirements.--The Commission shall design the
repository established under subparagraph (A) to--
(i) be publicly available and easily
discoverable on the website of the Commission;
(ii) allow users to sort and search the
repository by multiple characteristics (such as
by covered entity, date reported, or category
of critical decision) simultaneously;
(iii) allow users to make a copy of or
download the information obtained from the
repository, including any subsets of
information obtained by sorting or searching as
described in clause (ii), in accordance with
current guidance from the Office of Management
and Budget, such as the Open, Public,
Electronic, and Necessary Government Data Act
(44 U.S.C. 101 note);
(iv) be in accordance with user experience
and accessibility best practices such as those
described in the 21st Century Integrated
Digital Experience Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 note);
(v) include a limited subset of information
from the summary reports, as applicable, under
subparagraph (D), (E), or (F) of section
3(b)(1) that includes--
(I) the identity of the covered
entity that submitted such summary
report, including any link to the
website of the covered entity;
(II) the specific critical decision
that the augmented critical decision
process makes, along with the category
of the critical decision;
(III) any publicly stated
prohibited applications of the
automated decision system or augmented
critical decision process, including
whether such prohibition is enforced
through any terms of use, licensing
agreement, or other legal agreement
between entities;
(IV) to the extent possible, the
sources of any data used to develop,
test, maintain, or update the automated
decision system or augmented critical
decision process;
(V) to the extent possible, the
type of technical and business metrics
used to assess the performance of the
augmented critical decision process
when deployed; and
(VI) the link to any web page with
instructions or other information
related to a mechanism by which a
consumer may contest, correct, or
appeal a decision or opt out of the
automated decision system or augmented
critical decision process; and
(vi) include information about design, use,
and maintenance of the repository, including--
(I) how frequently the repository
is updated;
(II) the date of the most recent
such update;
(III) the types of information from
the summary reports submitted under
subparagraph (D), (E), or (F) of
section 3(b)(1) that are and are not
included in the repository; and
(IV) any other information about
the design, use, and maintenance the
Commission determines is--
(aa) relevant to consumers
and researchers; or
(bb) essential for consumer
education and recourse.
(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized
to be appropriated to the Commission such sums as are necessary
to carry out this subsection.
SEC. 7. GUIDANCE AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE; OTHER REQUIREMENTS.
(a) Guidance and Technical Assistance From the Commission.--
(1) In general.--The Commission shall publish guidance on
how to meet the requirements of sections 4 and 5, including
resources such as documentation templates and guides for
meaningful consultation, that is developed by the Commission
after consultation with the Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology, the Director of the National
Artificial Intelligence Initiative, the Director of the Office
of Science and Technology Policy, and other relevant
stakeholders, including standards bodies, private industry,
academia, technology experts, and advocates for civil rights,
consumers, and impacted communities.
(2) Assistance in determining covered entity status.--In
addition to the guidance required under paragraph (1), the
Commission shall--
(A) issue guidance and training materials to assist
persons, partnerships, and corporations in evaluating
whether they are a covered entity; and
(B) regularly update such guidance and training
materials in accordance with any feedback or questions
from covered entities, experts, or other relevant
stakeholders.
(b) Other Requirements.--
(1) Publication.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to
limit a covered entity from publicizing any documentation of
the impact assessment maintained under section 3(b)(1)(B),
including information beyond what is required to be submitted
in a summary report under subparagraph (D) or (E) of section
3(b)(1), unless such publication would violate the privacy of
any consumer.
(2) Periodic review of regulations.--The Commission shall
review the regulations promulgated under section 3(b) not less
than once every 5 years and update such regulations as
appropriate.
(3) Review by nist and ostp.--The Commission shall make
available, in a private and secure manner, to the Director of
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and
the head of any Federal agency with relevant regulatory
jurisdiction over an augmented critical decision process any
summary report submitted under subparagraph (D), (E), or (F) of
section 3(b)(1) for review in order to develop future standards
or regulations.
SEC. 8. RESOURCES AND AUTHORITIES.
(a) Bureau of Technology.--
(1) Establishment.--
(A) In general.--There is established within the
Commission the Bureau of Technology (in this subsection
referred to as the ``Bureau'').
(B) Duties.--The Bureau shall engage in activities
that include:
(i) Aiding or advising the Commission with
respect to the technological aspects of the
functions of the Commission, including--
(I) preparing, conducting,
facilitating, managing, or otherwise
enabling studies, workshops, audits,
community participation opportunities,
or other similar activities; and
(II) any other assistance deemed
appropriate by the Commission or Chair.
(ii) Aiding or advising the Commission with
respect to the enforcement of this Act.
(iii) Providing technical assistance to any
enforcement bureau within the Commission with
respect to the investigation and trial of
cases.
(2) Chief technologist.--The Bureau shall be headed by a
Chief Technologist.
(3) Staff.--
(A) Appointments.--
(i) In general.--Subject to subparagraph
(B), the Chair may, without regard to the civil
service laws (including regulations), appoint
personnel with experience in fields such as
management, technology, digital and product
design, user experience, information security,
civil rights, technology policy, privacy
policy, humanities and social sciences, product
management, software engineering, machine
learning, statistics, or other related fields
to enable the Bureau to perform its duties.
(ii) Minimum appointments.--Not later than
2 years after the date of enactment of this
Act, the Chair shall appoint not less than 50
personnel.
(B) Excepted service.--The personnel appointed in
accordance with subparagraph (A) may be appointed to
positions described in section 213.3102(r) of title 5,
Code of Federal Regulations.
(4) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized
to be appropriated to the Commission such sums as are necessary
to carry out this subsection.
(b) Additional Personnel in the Bureau of Consumer Protection.--
(1) Additional personnel.--Notwithstanding any other
provision of law, the Chair may, without regard to the civil
service laws (including regulations), appoint 25 additional
personnel to the Division of Enforcement of the Bureau of
Consumer Protection.
(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized
to be appropriated to the Commission such sums as are necessary
to carry out this subsection.
(c) Establishment of Agreements of Cooperation.--The Commission
shall negotiate agreements of cooperation, as needed, with any relevant
Federal agency with respect to information sharing and enforcement
actions taken regarding the development or deployment of an automated
decision system to make a critical decision or of an augmented critical
decision process. Such agreements shall include procedures for
determining which agency shall file an action and providing notice to
the non-filing agency, where feasible, prior to initiating a civil
action to enforce any Federal law within such agencies' jurisdictions
regarding the development or deployment of an automated decision system
to make a critical decision or of an augmented critical decision
process by a covered entity.
SEC. 9. ENFORCEMENT.
(a) Enforcement by the Commission.--
(1) Unfair or deceptive acts or practices.--A violation of
this Act or a regulation promulgated thereunder shall be
treated as a violation of a rule defining an unfair or
deceptive act or practice under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the
Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B)).
(2) Powers of the commission.--
(A) In general.--The Commission shall enforce this
Act and the regulations promulgated under this Act in
the same manner, by the same means, and with the same
jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all
applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade
Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incorporated
into and made a part of this Act.
(B) Privileges and immunities.--Any person who
violates this Act or a regulation promulgated
thereunder shall be subject to the penalties and
entitled to the privileges and immunities provided in
the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et
seq.).
(C) Authority preserved.--Nothing in this Act shall
be construed to limit the authority of the Commission
under any other provision of law.
(D) Rulemaking.--The Commission shall promulgate in
accordance with section 553 of title 5, United States
Code, such additional rules as may be necessary to
carry out this Act.
(b) Enforcement by States.--
(1) In general.--If the attorney general of a State has
reason to believe that an interest of the residents of the
State has been or is being threatened or adversely affected by
a practice that violates this Act or a regulation promulgated
thereunder, the attorney general of the State may, as parens
patriae, bring a civil action on behalf of the residents of the
State in an appropriate district court of the United States to
obtain appropriate relief.
(2) Rights of commission.--
(A) Notice to commission.--
(i) In general.--Except as provided in
clause (iii), the attorney general of a State,
before initiating a civil action under
paragraph (1), shall provide written
notification to the Commission that the
attorney general intends to bring such civil
action.
(ii) Contents.--The notification required
under clause (i) shall include a copy of the
complaint to be filed to initiate the civil
action.
(iii) Exception.--If it is not feasible for
the attorney general of a State to provide the
notification required under clause (i) before
initiating a civil action under paragraph (1),
the attorney general shall notify the
Commission immediately upon instituting the
civil action.
(B) Intervention by commission.--The Commission
may--
(i) intervene in any civil action brought
by the attorney general of a State under
paragraph (1); and
(ii) upon intervening--
(I) be heard on all matters arising
in the civil action; and
(II) file petitions for appeal of a
decision in the civil action.
(3) Investigatory powers.--Nothing in this subsection may
be construed to prevent the attorney general of a State from
exercising the powers conferred on the attorney general by the
laws of the State to conduct investigations, to administer
oaths or affirmations, or to compel the attendance of witnesses
or the production of documentary or other evidence.
(4) Venue; service of process.--
(A) Venue.--Any action brought under paragraph (1)
may be brought in--
(i) the district court of the United States
that meets applicable requirements relating to
venue under section 1391 of title 28, United
States Code; or
(ii) another court of competent
jurisdiction.
(B) Service of process.--In an action brought under
paragraph (1), process may be served in any district in
which--
(i) the defendant is an inhabitant, may be
found, or transacts business; or
(ii) venue is proper under section 1391 of
title 28, United States Code.
(5) Actions by other state officials.--
(A) In general.--In addition to a civil action
brought by an attorney general under paragraph (1), any
other officer of a State who is authorized by the State
to do so may bring a civil action under paragraph (1),
subject to the same requirements and limitations that
apply under this subsection to civil actions brought by
attorneys general.
(B) Savings provision.--Nothing in this subsection
may be construed to prohibit an authorized official of
a State from initiating or continuing any proceeding in
a court of the State for a violation of any civil or
criminal law of the State.
SEC. 10. COORDINATION.
In carrying out this Act, the Commission shall coordinate with any
appropriate Federal agency or State regulator to promote consistent
regulatory treatment of automated decision systems and augmented
critical decision processes.
SEC. 11. NO PREEMPTION.
Nothing in this Act may be construed to preempt any State, tribal,
city, or local law, regulation, or ordinance.
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