[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2214 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
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119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 2214
To promote innovation and advanced manufacturing in the Department of
Defense and the defense industrial base, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
July 8, 2025
Ms. Slotkin introduced the following bill; which was read twice and
referred to the Committee on Armed Services
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To promote innovation and advanced manufacturing in the Department of
Defense and the defense industrial base, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Future of Defense Manufacturing Act
of 2025''.
SEC. 2. PROHIBITION ON OPERATION, PROCUREMENT, AND CONTRACTING RELATED
TO FOREIGN-MADE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING MACHINES.
(a) Prohibition on Agency Operation or Procurement.--The Secretary
of Defense may not operate, or enter into or renew a contract for the
procurement of--
(1) a covered additive manufacturing machine that--
(A) is manufactured in a covered foreign country or
by an entity domiciled in a covered foreign country;
(B) uses operating software developed in a covered
foreign country or by an entity domiciled in a covered
foreign country; or
(C) uses network connectivity or data storage
located in or administered by an entity domiciled in a
covered foreign country; or
(2) a system or systems that incorporates, interfaces with,
or otherwise uses additive manufacturing systems or machines
described in paragraph (1).
(b) Exception.--The prohibition under subsection (a) does not apply
to the operation or procurement of additive manufacturing systems or
machines for the purposes of testing, analysis, and training related to
intelligence, electronic warfare, and information warfare operations.
(c) Waiver.--The Secretary of Defense may waive the prohibition
under subsection (a) on a case by case basis by certifying in writing
to the congressional defense committees that the operation or
procurement of additive manufacturing systems or machines is required
in the national interest of the United States.
(d) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Additive manufacturing machine.--The term ``additive
manufacturing machine'' means a system of integrated hardware
and software used to realize an additive manufacturing process,
including the deposition of material and the associated post-
processing steps as applicable.
(2) Additive manufacturing process.--The term ``additive
manufacturing process'' means a process of joining materials to
make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as
opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies.
(3) Covered additive manufacturing company.--The term
``covered additive manufacturing company'' means any of the
following:
(A) Any entity that produces or provides additive
manufacturing machines and is included on--
(i) the Consolidated Screening List
maintained by the International Trade
Administration of the Department of Commerce;
or
(ii) the civil-military fusion list
maintained under section 1260H of the William
M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public
Law 116-283; 10 U.S.C. 113 note).
(B) Any entity that produces or provides additive
manufacturing machines and--
(i) is domiciled in a covered foreign
country; or
(ii) is subject to unmitigated foreign
ownership, control, or influence by a covered
foreign country, as determined by the Secretary
of Defense in accordance with the National
Industrial Security Program or any successor to
such program.
(4) Covered additive manufacturing machine.--The term
``covered additive manufacturing machine'' means additive
manufacturing machines and any related services and equipment
manufactured by a covered additive manufacturing company.
(5) Covered foreign country.--The term ``covered foreign
country'' means the People's Republic of China, Iran, the
Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and the Russian
Federation.
SEC. 3. IMPROVEMENTS TO DEMONSTRATION AND PROTOTYPING PROGRAM TO
ADVANCE INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT SUPPORT CAPABILITIES IN A
CONTESTED LOGISTICS ENVIRONMENT.
Section 842(b)(2) of the National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2024 (Public Law 118-31; 10 U.S.C. 2341 note) is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting a semicolon;
(2) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C);
and
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following new
subparagraph (B):
``(B) commercial advanced, digital manufacturing
facilities for rapid, distributed parts production
closer to the point of use; and''.
SEC. 4. DUAL-USE AND DEFENSE ADVANCED MANUFACTURING INNOVATION HUBS.
(a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Defense shall establish one or
more dual-use advanced manufacturing hubs that co-locate and share
resources among public and private stakeholders from industry,
academia, government, nongovernment agencies, and workforce and
economic development resources. The hub or hubs should span the full
spectrum of advanced manufacturing capabilities and cover the full
development timeline between prototyping and fielding.
(b) Requirements.--A hub established under subsection (a) shall--
(1) utilize, to the maximum extent possible, the Department
of Defense Manufacturing Innovation Institutes (MII) and
encourage the MIIs to coordinate efforts in a joint manner;
(2) provide shared advanced manufacturing infrastructure
and equipment, such as high-speed metal printers and material
testing laboratories;
(3) establish a process to provide advanced manufacturing
capability, including on shared classified space as needed;
(4) utilize, to the maximum extent possible, the Defense
Logistics Agency's Joint Additive Manufacturing Model Exchange
(JAMMEX) as a central data repository for technical data
packages for advanced manufacturing;
(5) build on the Defense Innovation Unit's Blue
Manufacturing Initiative and Blue Manufacturing Marketplace to
match hardware and software manufacturers in defense technology
with advanced manufacturing providers; and
(6) meet annual production benchmarks for defense
applications.
(c) Consultation.--The Secretary shall consult with the Under
Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and the Under
Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment in establishing a
dual-use advanced manufacturing hub under subsection (a).
(d) Recommendation.--Not later than September 30, 2026, the
Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a
recommendation for the appropriate number of regional hubs to be
established under subsection (a) for the Department of Defense to meet
its sustainment needs and such requirements, specifications, and
capabilities as the regional hubs may require.
SEC. 5. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ADVANCED MANUFACTURING PROGRAM.
Not later than December 31, 2027, the Secretary of Defense, in
coordination with the Secretaries of the military departments, shall
aim to qualify and approve for manufacturing and delivery not fewer
than 1,000,000 parts or components of the Department of Defense that
use advanced manufacturing techniques, with funding subject to the
availability of appropriations or other funds. In doing so, the
Secretary shall ensure that expedited processes for adoption of
advanced manufacturing products are utilized across the components of
the Department of Defense and lifecycle phases for new and existing
systems.
SEC. 6. PROGRAM TO ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURE CERTAIN TYPES OF UNMANNED
AERIAL SYSTEMS.
Not later than September 30, 2026, the Secretary of Defense shall
carry out a program to certify new materials and processes to
manufacture 25 to 100 percent of the parts of one of each type of the
following unmanned aerial system (UAS) categories using advanced or
additive manufacturing techniques:
(1) Small unmanned aerial systems used as tactical
loitering munitions.
(2) Small unmanned aerial systems used for surveillance and
reconnaissance missions.
(3) Small unmanned aerial systems used for logistics
missions.
SEC. 7. PROGRAM TO CERTIFY ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED PARTS FOR MILITARY
SYSTEMS WITH DIMINISHING MANUFACTURING SOURCES AND
MATERIAL SHORTAGES.
(a) Program Required.--Not later than September 30, 2026, the Under
Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall, in
coordination with the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and
Engineering and the Secretaries of the military departments, carry out
a program to produce replacement parts for military systems with
diminishing manufacturing sources and material shortages using advanced
or additive manufacturing techniques.
(b) Tested Parts.--In carrying out the program required by
subsection (a), the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and
Sustainment shall select not less than five parts for test, evaluation,
and certification under the program.
(c) Test and Evaluation.--
(1) In general.--In carrying out the program required by
subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall use additive
manufacturing techniques to manufacture the parts selected
pursuant to subsection (b) and then test and evaluate the
manufactured parts.
(2) Evaluation.--Evaluation under paragraph (1) shall be
based on performance rather than specifications.
(d) Sharing of Results and Data.--In carrying out the program
required by subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall share test data
across all military departments and establish mechanisms for data
reciprocity for test and evaluation results for additively manufactured
parts across all military departments.
(e) List of Obsolete Parts.--The Under Secretary shall, in
coordination with the Secretaries of the military departments, make a
list of all parts for military systems with diminishing manufacturing
sources and material shortages.
(f) New Licensing Agreements.--The Under Secretary shall, in
coordination with the Secretaries of the military departments, create
new licensing agreements with owners of intellectual property for the
platforms with parts included in the list required by subsection (e)
that allow additive manufacture of the parts.
SEC. 8. PROGRAM TO ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURE METAL PARTS.
(a) Program Required.--The Under Secretary of Defense for
Acquisition and Sustainment shall carry out a program across all
military departments to additively manufacture three commonly used
metal parts of each military department, such as titanium, stainless
steel, and aluminum.
(b) Assessment Required.--Not later than September 30, 2026, the
Under Secretary shall--
(1) complete an assessment to determine how to additively
manufacture 10 metal parts of each military department, with a
preference for parts that require long lead times to
manufacture or have sole-source suppliers; and
(2) submit to the congressional defense committees a report
on the findings of the Under Secretary with respect to the
assessment completed under paragraph (1).
SEC. 9. PROGRAM TO ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURE PARTS FOR GROUND COMBAT
SYSTEMS.
The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment
shall, in coordination with the Secretary of the Army and the Director
of the Defense Logistics Agency--
(1) identify sustainment vulnerabilities in the ground
equipment supply chain of the Army, including at the
manufacturing arsenals and maintenance depots of the Army that
comprise the Organic Industrial Base, where additive
manufacturing could be used to repair, upgrade, or modernize
ground combat systems;
(2) choose not less than five parts that have long lead
times for fabricating the greatest degree of customized
specifications or have the most limited quantity in inventory
and additively manufacture replacement parts for them;
(3) create a critical parts list identifying parts and
components across ground combat systems with long lead times
eligible to be additively manufactured; and
(4) develop plans, in coordination with Army Development
Command, to integrate additive manufacturing techniques and
technologies in the design, production, and sustainment of
next-generation combat vehicles and their technologies. The
developed technologies should prioritize interoperability
across military platforms and integration with other military
services.
SEC. 10. ENHANCE INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION FOR ADVANCED MANUFACTURING
TECHNIQUES, TECHNOLOGIES, AND ADOPTION.
The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment and
the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering shall
establish a subordinate working group within the Joint Additive
Manufacturing Working Group to coordinate and support international
activities that facilitate information-sharing, enhance
interoperability, explore joint research and development opportunities,
identify technology licensing requirements, incorporate advanced
manufacturing capabilities into combined trainings and exercises, and
set technical expertise and training standards for advanced
manufacturing techniques, technologies, and adoption. The countries
involved should be those with which the United States has reciprocal
defense procurement agreements or security of supply arrangements.
SEC. 11. COMPOSITION OF JOINT DEFENSE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY PANEL.
Section 4842(b)(2) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by
inserting ``selected by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition
and Sustainment and one individual'' after ``one individual''.
SEC. 12. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING GUIDANCE AND MANUAL.
(a) Guidance, DoD I Update, and Manual Required.--Not later than
September 30, 2026, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and
Sustainment and the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and
Engineering, in consultation with the Secretaries of the military
departments, shall--
(1) develop guidance to incorporate innovations in advanced
manufacturing in such a way that the Department of Defense can
better and faster deliver capabilities, sustain operations, and
protect the warfighter with the latest technology while still
ensuring quality, reliability, and compatibility;
(2) update Department of Defense Instruction 5000.93
(relating to use of additive manufacturing in the Department of
Defense) dated June 10, 2021, to waive the requirement to
maintain records of all additively produced end-items put into
operational use where the additively produced part meets or
exceeds performance of the traditionally manufactured end-item;
(3) create a manual in accordance with such instruction
that gets at the technical standards required to qualify parts,
components, or products that use advanced manufacturing
technologies and techniques; and
(4) not later than March 1, 2026, provide the Committees on
Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a
briefing on plans to update the guidance developed under
paragraph (1) and the updates made under paragraph (2).
(b) Considerations.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Under
Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment and the Under
Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering shall consider the
most current versions of Department of Defense Additive Manufacturing
Roadmap, the Department of Defense Additive Manufacturing Strategy, the
National Strategy for Advanced Manufacturing, and Department of Defense
Instruction 5000.93.
(c) Alignment.--The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and
Sustainment and the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and
Engineering shall ensure that the guidance on the use of advanced
manufacturing required by subsection (a)(1)--
(1) aligns with Department of Defense acquisition to
prioritize flexibility, interoperability, and domestic
sourcing;
(2) requires the Department to prefer United States
manufacturers and equipment and document a justification
whenever the Department uses a foreign source; and
(3) requires the Department to partner with and direct
funds to the Department's Manufacturing Innovation Institutes
whenever feasible.
(d) Elements.--
(1) Guidance.--The guidance required by subsection (a)(1)
shall include guidance for all types of advanced manufacturing,
including the following:
(A) Additive manufacturing.
(B) Advanced materials.
(C) Advanced composite materials.
(D) Robotics and automation.
(E) Laser, machining, and welding.
(F) Nanotechnology.
(G) Network and information technology integration.
(2) Manual.--(A) The guidance required by paragraph (1) of
subsection (a) shall utilize expedited qualification and
testing procedures established in section 865 of the National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 and result in a
manual under paragraph (3) of such subsection to establish
standardized processes to qualify parts and components produced
by advanced manufacturing techniques and technologies based on
performance, rather than specifications for testing and
evaluation.
(B) The process described in subparagraph (A) shall include
a methodology for standardizing technical production
specifications, testing processes, and data reciprocity to
share and accept test results of the same additively
manufactured parts across all military departments.
(C) The process described in subparagraph (A) shall include
test and evaluation results that facilitate data reciprocity
across military departments, removing the need for each
military department to independently validate the same parts
another military department has already validated.
(D) The manual shall include steps to allow for streamlined
incremental qualification, rather than complete
requalification, when the design and manufacturing process
incorporates changes.
(E) The process described in subparagraph (A) shall explore
the option for third-party, external certification for
companies that cannot afford or do not have the in-house
expertise to do this on their own but have the technology that
the Department needs.
(3) Advanced materials and advanced composite materials
research.--The guidance required by subsection (a)(1) and the
manual required by subsection (a)(3)--
(A) shall cover requirements for development, test,
and evaluation of the material properties of advanced
materials and advanced composite materials used in
advanced manufacturing, including metals, polymers,
ceramics, composites, and hybrid metals;
(B) should include how to incorporate integrated
computational materials engineering to predict the
material properties and the distribution of those
properties in additively manufactured parts and scale-
up additive manufacturing; and
(C) shall include a list of recommendations for the
types of amounts of critical metals to stockpile for
the Department's use in additive manufacturing, which
should be accessible to users of the Defense Logistics
Agency's Joint Additive Manufacturing Model Exchange
(JAMMEX).
(4) Cybersecurity.--(A) The guidance required by subsection
(a)(1) and the manual required by subsection (a)(3) shall
include cybersecurity standards and guidelines for advanced
manufacturing developed in consultation with the Chief
Information Officer.
(B) The guidance and manual should address the unique
challenges that advanced manufacturing poses to Department
information networks.
(C) The guidance and manual shall include matters relating
to cybersecurity compliance.
(D) The guidance and manual shall call for periodic
security and compliance reviews.
(5) Modeling and simulation.--The guidance and manual
required by subsection (a)--
(A) shall include software-driven, artificial
intelligence-enabled modeling and simulation techniques
for design, development, test, and evaluation to the
maximum extent possible; and
(B) should include integrating modeling and
simulation at every level, from enterprise to
individual operation, including utilizing digital
engineering.
(6) Intellectual property.--(A) The guidance required by
subsection (a)(1) and the manual required by subsection (a)(3)
shall include processes and contracting mechanisms to protect
and manage intellectual property.
(B) The processes and contracting mechanisms described in
subparagraph (A) shall be designed to incentivize innovation
while allowing the Department to additively manufacture parts
and products for military systems at scale and on demand in
case of contingency or crisis. This can include new licensing
agreements with terms and conditions that allow for innovative
intellectual property strategies.
(C) The guidance and manual shall include considerations to
incorporate the Defense Logistics Agency's Joint Additive
Manufacturing Model Exchange (JAMMEX).
(7) Quality assurance.--(A) The guidance required by
subsection (a)(1) and the manual required by subsection (a)(3)
shall include processes, materials, and technologies to ensure
continuous quality control throughout the entire manufacturing
process and post-production.
(B) The guidance and manual shall incorporate the process
window qualification methodology, which is designed to be
machine-agnostic, or independent of specific machine brands or
software providers, as well as the following:
(i) Real-time process monitoring leveraging machine
sensors and software analytics to detect and instantly
mitigate deviations prevents defects and unauthorized
parameter changes.
(ii) Integration of machine learning algorithms
that analyze production data in real-time allows the
identification of anomalies indicative of potential
quality or security threats, enabling proactive
mitigation.
(iii) Software-defined quality assurance protocols
enforce standardized, repeatable verification
processes, greatly improving reliability and
simplifying security audits.
(8) Proliferation of additive manufacturing capabilities.--
The guidance required by subsection (a) shall include a plan
that includes phasing and funding requirements to proliferate
advanced manufacturing technologies and techniques across the
entire Department, at the enterprise level to tactical
operational units. This guidance shall--
(A) identify end-user access and operational needs
for advanced manufacturing and associated resourcing,
infrastructure, and basing requirements;
(B) establish logistics models for production of
additively manufactured parts in the continental United
States and at forward operating locations;
(C) improve supply chain risk management; and
(D) stimulate supply chain agility within the
Department.
(9) Training.--The guidance required by subsection (a)(1)
shall include training program requirements, phasing, and
sequencing to ensure each warfighter is equipped with the
knowledge and skills to use advanced manufacturing techniques
and technologies efficiently and safely. The guidance shall--
(A) outline which military occupational specialty
career fields to train in advanced manufacturing
equipment, techniques, and procedures with each
military service and the degree of proficiency and
training time required;
(B) explore partnerships to establish
apprenticeships and skilled technician training
pipelines to support Department of Defense research and
development programs and programs of record; and
(C) consider creating new initiatives within
existing transition assistance programs to create
pathways for members of the Armed Forces to receive the
training necessary to adapt their military skills to
civilian jobs in advanced manufacturing.
(e) Manual Required.--The manual created under subsection (a)(3)
shall be a service-agnostic, vendor-agnostic manual on advanced
manufacturing techniques and technologies for the Department of
Defense--
(1) to standardize across the military departments the
technical parameters for manufacturing parts and products using
advanced manufacturing techniques;
(2) to outline the categories and levels of risk associated
with such parts and products, including distinguishing between
safety-critical and non-safety-critical parts and providing
expedited approvals for low-risk parts through standardized
material datasets and pre-qualified manufacturing protocols;
(3) to lay out the processes for qualification and
certification across categories of such parts and products;
(4) to establish data reciprocity for test and evaluation
data across all military departments with respect to qualifying
such parts and products;
(5) to utilize the Defense Logistics Agency's Joint
Additive Manufacturing Model Exchange (JAMMEX) as the central
data repository for technical data packages for advanced
manufacturing; and
(6) to incorporate new proposed qualification approaches
proposed by industry consortiums, Manufacturing Innovation
Institutes, and Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and
Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs.
(f) Timeline.--
(1) Initial.--The Secretary shall ensure that the guidance
required by subsection (a)(1) goes into effect in fiscal year
2026 by providing guidance with respect to the top three
essential metals each military department needs to maintain its
operational platforms.
(2) Subsequent.--The Secretary shall ensure that the
guidance required by subsection (a)(1) goes into effect not
later than January 1, 2027, for all essential metals not
covered by paragraph (1).
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