[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3339 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
<DOC>
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 3339
To better forecast and plan for the impact of artificial intelligence
on the workforce of the United States, to provide data to improve
training programs for in-demand industry sectors and occupations, and
for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
December 3, 2025
Mr. Banks (for himself, Ms. Hassan, Mr. Hickenlooper, and Mr. Husted)
introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the
Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To better forecast and plan for the impact of artificial intelligence
on the workforce of the United States, to provide data to improve
training programs for in-demand industry sectors and occupations, and
for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``AI Workforce Projections, Research,
and Evaluations to Promote AI Readiness and Employment Act'' or the
``AI Workforce PREPARE Act''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) Artificial intelligence could cause significant shifts
in demand for workers, with some tasks or occupations becoming
automated or augmented and some tasks or occupations seeing
increased demand.
(2) Policymakers, training providers and educators, and
workers require better data and forecasts to anticipate and
mitigate worker dislocation or potential worker shortages due
to artificial intelligence.
(3) Closing data and forecasting gaps relating to the
impact of artificial intelligence on the workforce (including
the impact on jobs) will help the United States prepare its
workforce for technology that enhances the Nation's economic
competitiveness and national security.
(b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are--
(1) to measure the evolving capabilities of artificial
intelligence with respect to automating or augmenting tasks or
occupations;
(2) to collect information on artificial intelligence
adoption and artificial intelligence-related layoffs through
existing Federal surveys, voluntary industry reporting, and
improved disclosures under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining
Notification Act;
(3) to produce short- and medium-term occupational
employment forecasts that include prediction intervals
reflecting uncertainty about the trajectory of artificial
intelligence;
(4) to build the Federal Government's technical capacity
through temporary hiring authority for qualified technology
talent; and
(5) to inform policy concerning reforms of grantmaking for
training programs, as well as other potential policy reforms.
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial
intelligence'' has the meaning given the term in section 5002
of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020
(15 U.S.C. 9401).
(2) Secretary.--Except as otherwise provided, the term
``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Labor.
(3) Training program.--The term ``training program'' means
a program of workforce investment activities as defined in
section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29
U.S.C. 3102) or another training program administered by the
Secretary of Labor.
TITLE I--DATA ACCESS, STUDIES, AND GOVERNMENT TECHNICAL TALENT
SEC. 101. INFORMATION COLLECTION AND DISCUSSION.
(a) Request for Comment.--
(1) Request.--Not later than 45 days after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall make available, on a
publicly accessible website of the Department of Labor, a
request for comment, to allow interested persons to submit
views on the best means of implementing this Act.
(2) Comment period.--The comment period during which
interested persons may submit such views shall be 60 days.
(3) Topics.--In making the request under paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall solicit written views on--
(A) the design and implementation of data
collection, forecasting, and other tools directed or
authorized by this Act (such as new survey questions,
prize competitions, statements required under section
3(e) of the Worker Adjustment and Retraining
Notification Act (29 U.S.C. 2102(e)), as added by
section 204, and data-sharing efforts directed under
section 202), including details on--
(i) which data, tools, data-sharing
partnerships, or deeper analyses (such as
generation of statistical series under section
104 of occupations specified under section
104(a)(3) and prediction intervals under
section 301 for occupations listed under
section 301(a)(1)) would be highly valuable for
improving forecasts or policymaking under this
Act; and
(ii) cost-effective methods for collecting
valid, timely, and reliable data, developing
tools, or otherwise implementing this Act;
(B) cost-effective reforms to increase researchers'
access to data from the Bureau of the Census, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics, and other Federal agencies,
including researcher access to data at the individual
unit or record level, in a manner that is secure and
protects the privacy of persons with information
contained in the data, including requiring researcher
compliance with such regulations as the Secretary may
require based on section 552a of title 5, United States
Code (commonly known as the ``Privacy Act of 1974'');
(C) best practices in forecasting the impact of
artificial intelligence on the workforce, including
ways in which the Department of Labor could improve the
accuracy and value of its occupational forecasts and
low-cost methods for producing benchmark forecasts such
as the forecast required under section 301(b)(4);
(D) how to improve the efficacy of programs of
grants for training programs in light of the potential
impact of artificial intelligence on the workforce;
(E) methods for qualitatively or quantitatively
evaluating the value of information from data
collection and forecasting directed or authorized by
this Act, to support effective prioritization of
efforts;
(F) appropriate data governance policies and
methods for maintaining the security of data collected
or aggregated during implementation of this Act; and
(G) other topics that are determined to be
appropriate by the Secretary.
(4) Posting.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall make available, on a
publicly accessible website of the Department of Labor, the
comments received in response to the request described in
paragraph (1).
(b) Workshops.--
(1) Initial workshop.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
convene an initial workshop, to discuss responses to
comments received under subsection (a) and discuss
important points of agreement or disagreement among
experts on the best means of implementing this Act.
(B) Participants.--The Secretary may limit the
workshop to invited participants and shall invite to
the workshop--
(i) as economic and technical experts--
(I) economists;
(II) technical experts on
artificial intelligence from academia
and nonprofit organizations;
(III) such technical experts from
industry and labor organizations;
(IV) researchers or practitioners
in scored forecasting involving expert
elicitation; and
(V) other experts as the Secretary
determines appropriate;
(ii) as representatives of entities that
will be significantly affected by the
implementation of this Act--
(I) a representative of the--
(aa) Census Bureau;
(bb) Office of Science and
Technology Policy;
(cc) Council of Economic
Advisers;
(dd) Center for AI
Standards and Innovation; and
(ee) Bureau of Economic
Analysis;
(II) representatives of labor
organizations; and
(III) State and Federal entities
that award or receive grants, including
grants under the Workforce Innovation
and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 et
seq.);
(iii) a representative of the Workforce
Information Advisory Council;
(iv) a representative of the Government
Accountability Office; and
(v) other stakeholders the Secretary
determines to be appropriate.
(C) Viewpoint representation.--In inviting
participants, the Secretary shall include experts who
hold materially different perspectives on the important
disagreements or uncertainties relevant to
implementation of this Act, such as the degree and rate
of artificial intelligence's impact on labor demand, so
the workshop participants can better detect important
disagreements and uncertainties relevant to that
implementation and identify information that could be
collected or produced to resolve them. The Secretary
shall not limit the invitations to individuals, or
representatives of entities, that responded to any
prior request for comment.
(D) Topics.--The Secretary shall provide
presentation time for groups of participants described
in subparagraph (B). The topics discussed at the
workshop shall include the topics described in
subsection (a)(3).
(E) Critical evaluation.--The workshop shall
feature at least one exercise to critically evaluate
the analytical assumptions of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics regarding the impact of artificial
intelligence on the workforce.
(F) Value of information.--The workshop
participants shall seek to quantify or rank the
expected value of information to be gained through
proposals for data collection, tool development, or
other policy reforms.
(G) Report.--
(i) Contents.--Not later than 45 days after
the end of the workshop, the Secretary shall
prepare and submit to Congress a report that--
(I) summarizes written comments
received under subsection (a) and
workshop discussions;
(II) identifies at least 5
datasets, metrics (including model
capability benchmarks), or analyses
that could be produced pursuant to this
Act or similar authorities within 2
years and that, if produced, would
provide the highest value of valid and
reliable information at a reasonable
cost, based on the Secretary's
evaluation of the input gathered under
this section; and
(III) lists recommendations made at
the workshop about agency actions,
timelines, and estimated costs, to
implement this Act.
(ii) Public availability.--On the same date
on which the report is submitted to Congress,
the Secretary shall publish the report on a
publicly accessible website of the Department
of Labor and disseminate such report to each
State workforce agency.
(iii) Anonymization.--In preparing the
report, the Secretary may anonymize information
as appropriate, to promote full and open
involvement of workshop participants.
(2) Subsequent workshops.--Beginning not later than 1 year
after the end of the initial workshop held under paragraph (1),
the Secretary shall host at least 1 subsequent workshop each
fiscal year. The requirements of subparagraphs (B) and (C) of
paragraph (1) shall not apply to such subsequent workshop. The
Secretary shall determine the participants of such workshops,
including choosing participants with diverse viewpoints.
(c) Nonapplication of Requirements.--The requirements of
subsections (a) and (b) shall not apply beginning on the date that is 5
years after the date of enactment of this Act.
(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $2,000,000 for
the period of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
SEC. 102. ATTRACTING HIGHLY QUALIFIED EXPERTS IN ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE AND OTHER FIELDS.
(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to enable the
Department of Labor to rapidly recruit highly qualified experts in
artificial intelligence, machine learning, advanced data science, or
another area of expertise related to supporting the accomplishment of
the purposes of this Act.
(b) Appointment.--
(1) Definitions.--In this section:
(A) Competitive service.--The term ``competitive
service'' has the meaning given the term in section
2102 of title 5, United States Code.
(B) Covered individual.--The term ``covered
individual'' means an individual with the expertise
described in subsection (a).
(C) Excepted service.--The term ``excepted
service'' has the meaning given the term in section
2103 of title 5, United States Code.
(2) Authority.--The Secretary may, in accordance with the
requirements of this section, appoint a covered individual
(without regard to whether the covered individual occupies a
position in the competitive service on the day before that
appointment) to a position as an employee in the excepted
service in the Department of Labor.
(c) Compensation.--
(1) Basic pay.--The Secretary may, without regard to any
provision of title 5, United States Code, set the rate of basic
pay for a covered individual appointed under subsection (b) at
any rate that is not greater than the rate of basic pay for
step 10 of grade 15 of the General Schedule.
(2) Incentives and awards.--In addition to the authority of
the Secretary under paragraph (1), the Secretary may, without
regard to any provision of title 5, United States Code, provide
recruitment, relocation, and retention incentives and
performance awards in such amounts, at such times, in such
manner (including in lump-sum or installment payments), and
subject to such conditions as the Secretary considers
appropriate to recruit covered individual to positions
described in subsection (b) and retain and reward covered
individuals who are appointed under that subsection.
(3) Aggregate limitation.--Notwithstanding section 5307 of
title 5, United States Code, the aggregate amount paid to an
employee appointed under subsection (b) in any calendar year
for basic pay, locality-based comparability payments under
section 5304 or 5304a of that title, and incentives and awards
under paragraph (2) of this subsection may not exceed the total
annual compensation payable to the Vice President under section
104 of title 3, United States Code, as of the end of that
calendar year.
(d) Status.--A covered individual appointed under subsection (b)
may, in the discretion of the Secretary, be deemed an employee for
purposes of subchapters I, IV, and V of chapter 55 and chapters 73, 81,
83, 84, 87, 89, and 90 of title 5, United States Code.
(e) Exemptions.--Chapter 33, chapter 51, and subchapter III of
chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, shall not apply with respect
to an appointment made under this section or to a position to which a
covered individual is appointed under this section.
(f) Terms.--Each appointment shall be for a period of not more than
24 months, except that the Secretary may extend the appointment of an
individual under this section for a period not more than 24 additional
months if the Secretary submits to Congress and the President a
certification that the individual continues to be highly valuable for
providing the expertise described in subsection (a).
(g) Duties.--An employee appointed under this section shall
primarily carry out duties related to improving--
(1) measurement and forecasting related to the potential
impact of artificial intelligence on labor markets and
workforce training needs; and
(2) policymaking regarding the preparation for or
adjustment to the potential impact of artificial intelligence
on labor markets.
(h) Limitation on Positions.--The total number of employees
simultaneously serving under this section shall not exceed 20.
(i) Reports.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the
Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and
the Committee on Education and Workforce of the House of
Representatives a brief report stating, for the year involved--
(1) the number of employees employed under this section;
(2) the primary qualifications and duties of the employees;
and
(3) an assessment of their impact on making improvements
described in subsection (g).
(j) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed
to waive any requirement with respect to determining the suitability of
an individual for Federal employment, including any requirement with
respect to a security clearance.
(k) Termination of Appointment Authority.--
(1) In general.--The authority to make or extend
appointments under subsections (b) and (f) shall terminate
effective 4 years after the date of enactment of this Act,
unless extended by Federal statutory law.
(2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall
be construed to affect the continued service of an individual
who was appointed or whose appointment was extended, under
subsection (b) or (f), before the termination date described in
paragraph (1).
(l) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $6,000,000 for
the period of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
SEC. 103. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WORKFORCE RESEARCH HUB.
(a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish an Artificial
Intelligence Workforce Research Hub in the Department of Labor. The Hub
shall carry out its duties in collaboration with the Bureau of the
Census, and the Bureau of Economic Analysis, of the Department of
Commerce, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
(b) Duties.--The Hub shall conduct research, and help lead the
Federal effort, to evaluate the impact of artificial intelligence on
the workforce, including the experience of United States workers whose
employment is so impacted. The Hub shall produce recurring analyses,
conduct scenario planning for a range of potential artificial
intelligence impact levels, and generate actionable insights to inform
policy for training programs, for mitigating unemployment, and for
other employment impacts.
(c) Details.--
(1) Federal government employee.--Any Federal Government
employee, including individuals appointed under section 102,
may be detailed to the Hub with or without reimbursement, and
such detail shall be without interruption or loss of civil
service status or privilege.
(2) Private sector employee.--Pursuant to sections 3701
through 3704 of title 5, United States Code, an employee of a
private sector organization may be detailed to the Hub with or
without reimbursement.
(3) State or local employee.--Pursuant to sections 3371
through 3376 of title 5, United States Code, an employee of a
State or local government may be detailed to the Hub with or
without reimbursement.
(d) Funding.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary may use any amount made
available to the Secretary for the purpose of providing, or
conducting research on, training programs, or for conducting
research on employment impacts, including any such amount made
available for the Employment and Training Administration or the
Bureau of Labor Statistics, to carry out this section.
(2) Prohibition on additional appropriations.--No
additional amounts are authorized to be appropriated to carry
out this section.
(e) Nonapplication of Requirements.--The requirements of this
section shall not apply beginning on the date that is 4 years after the
date of enactment of this Act.
SEC. 104. MODERNIZING ACCESS TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-RELATED LABOR
MARKET DATA.
(a) Job-to-Job Data Pilot Project.--
(1) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to produce a
recurring statistical series on flows of workers between
occupations, with a focus on occupations impacted by artificial
intelligence, including those occupations that may experience
significant increased or decreased demand for workers or
changes in the skills required by workers, to inform
policymaking such as policymaking related to training programs
and adjustment assistance.
(2) Statistical series.--Except as provided in paragraph
(6), the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Director of
the Census Bureau (in this section referred to as the
``Director''), in consultation with the Secretary of Labor and
the Chief Statistician of the United States, shall carry out a
pilot project that produces a statistical series that provides
a sample of job-to-job flows for occupations designated under
paragraph (3), similar to the flows shown by the J2J Explorer
tool of the Bureau of the Census, at a more detailed Standard
Occupational Classification code level or according to a
similar occupation code scheme as determined under paragraph
(3).
(3) Designation and scope.--
(A) Publication of designated occupations.--The
Secretary of Labor shall, in consultation with the
Director and not later than 240 days after the date of
enactment of this Act and not less frequently than once
every 2 years thereafter, designate occupations for,
and publish in the Federal Register, a list of
occupations. The list shall include not fewer than 15
occupations designated at the 6-digit or 4-digit
Standard Occupational Classification code level, or
according to a similar occupation code scheme if the
Secretary of Labor determines that designation in
accordance with that scheme would be more feasible or
valuable, for which the Secretary of Labor determines
that it would be highly valuable to collect and provide
occupation transitional data, to better understand the
impact of artificial intelligence on occupations,
including occupations that may experience demand or
changes described in paragraph (1) (including related
economic outcomes) for the pilot project.
(B) Factors for designation.--In making the
designation under subparagraph (A), the Secretary of
Labor shall consider factors such as the potential
degree of worker dislocation or shortage driven by
artificial intelligence for an occupation, the
information value in evaluating analytical assumptions
regarding the impact of artificial intelligence on the
workforce in the occupation, the feasibility of
collecting data on occupational transitions, and the
insufficiency of related existing (as of the date of
the designation) data or research for the occupation.
(4) Methods and sources.--In producing the series, the
Director may use any data sources (representing diverse
industries and geographic areas) that are lawfully available
and appropriate statistical methods, including--
(A) Federal surveys, administrative records, and
data from interagency data linkages;
(B) voluntary partnerships with private entities to
obtain data, including payroll data; and
(C) small-scale pilot projects with States and
localities, including projects that collect data with
enhanced wage record elements such as job titles or
occupational codes.
(5) Timeline and frequency.--The Director shall publish the
first statistical series described in paragraph (2) for a
quarter not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of
this Act. The Director shall provide for a subsequent
statistical series for at least 1 quarter for each fiscal year
thereafter.
(6) Exception.--If the Director, in consultation with the
Chief Statistician of the United States and the Secretary of
Labor and after reviewing input gathered under section 101,
determines that producing the statistical series is not
practicable or that the cost of producing the series would be
substantially greater than the value the series is expected to
contribute, the Director shall submit a public report in lieu
of the series that--
(A) identifies statutory, technological, or
logistical barriers to that production;
(B) describes changes (including changes through
legislation, funding, or standards) that would enable
the production to occur; and
(C) presents a cost-benefit assessment of the cost
of production (including data collection and
protection) to the expected value of information from
the series.
(7) Nonapplication of requirements.--The requirements of
this subsection shall not apply beginning on the date that is 4
years after the date of enactment of this Act.
(b) Assessment of Secure Remote Access Proposals.--To promote
academic and other research on the impact of artificial intelligence on
the workforce, the Commissioner of Labor Statistics, in consultation
with the Chief Statistician of the United States and the Director of
the Census Bureau, shall request, assess, and report on the relative
value, risk, and cost of proposals, including proposals collected
through activities under section 101, to facilitate researcher access
to related data at the individual unit or record level. Such report
shall be published not later than 1 year after the enactment of this
Act. Such report may make proposals to facilitate such access through
the National Secure Data Service demonstration project carried out by
the National Science Foundation under section 10375 of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19085) or a
secure remote access platform through which that academic and other
research could be accomplished.
(c) Prohibition on Additional Appropriations.--No additional
amounts are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section.
TITLE II--MEASURING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAPABILITIES, ADOPTION AND
USE, AND LAYOFF IMPACTS
SEC. 201. SUPPORT FOR EVALUATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AUTOMATION.
(a) Prize Competition Required.--Not later than 270 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce, acting
through the Director of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (in this section referred to as the ``Director''), shall
commence carrying out at least 1 prize competition under section 24 of
the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719)
to develop benchmarks or similar reproducible methods to quantitatively
measure the ability of artificial intelligence to automate or augment
tasks or occupations, with the primary purpose of improving forecasts
of the impacts that artificial intelligence may have on workers and the
retraining needs of workers.
(b) Consultation.--In carrying out the prize competition required
by subsection (a), the Director shall consult with the Secretary of
Commerce, the Secretary of Labor, the Commissioner of the Bureau of
Labor Statistics, and the Director of the National Science Foundation.
(c) Structure and Evaluation Criteria.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall develop the structure
and evaluation criteria for a prize competition carried out
under subsection (a) and a companion grant or cooperative
agreement awarded under subsection (d) in accordance with the
primary purpose described in subsection (a).
(2) Competition scoping.--The Director may structure a
competition under subsection (a) into 1 or more categories,
including by the occupation impacted or the capability domain
of the artificial intelligence.
(3) Category selection.--In selecting the categories under
paragraph (2), the Director shall consider--
(A) the informativeness of a category in evaluating
the direct or indirect impacts on labor markets, which
may include factors such as the number of individuals
directly or indirectly impacted by the automation or
augmentation and the economic security or ability to
find new employment opportunities of the individuals
impacted;
(B) the quality or efficacy of the submissions for
a category;
(C) the potential for a category to result in the
development of benchmarks that complement existing
benchmarks;
(D) the potential for a category to result in the
development of benchmarks that are underfunded by
private contributions relative to the public value of
the benchmarks; and
(E) other factors determined appropriate by the
Director, taking into account input gathered under
section 101.
(4) Competition phasing.--The Director may structure a
competition under subsection (a) into 1 or more phases (such as
design and prototype stages).
(5) Evaluation considerations.--In developing the
evaluation criteria for the benchmarks or similar methods
submitted for prize competitions under subsection (a), the
Director shall, to the extent practicable, seek to avoid or
mitigate common problems affecting the value and feasibility of
artificial intelligence benchmarks, including--
(A) training data contamination that is difficult
to detect;
(B) rapid loss of discriminatory value over time
due to a metric having a low ceiling for performance;
and
(C) other common problems, including problems
identified in the input collected under section 101.
(d) Companion Grants and Cooperative Agreements.--In carrying out
this section, the Director may, in addition to carrying out a prize
competition under subsection (a), award a grant or enter into a
cooperative agreement to support the design, construction, validation,
and maintenance of a benchmark or similar reproducible method described
in subsection (a), including support for--
(1) data collection and labeling;
(2) evaluator training and rubric development; and
(3) third-party replication and inter rater reliability
testing.
(e) Program Administration.--The Director may enter into contracts,
cooperative agreements, or other agreements with for-profit or
nonprofit entities, or State, territorial, local, or Tribal agencies,
to design and administer prize competitions under subsection (a) and
related grant and cooperative agreement activities under subsection
(d).
(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary of Commerce to carry out this section
$7,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
SEC. 202. VOLUNTARY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ADOPTION AND USE REPORTING
AND DATA-SHARING PARTNERSHIPS.
(a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Commissioner of
Labor Statistics and in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and
the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, shall
establish a program to enable and encourage artificial intelligence
developers, artificial intelligence deployers, and other private
entities, to share, on a voluntary basis, anonymized data on the
adoption or use of artificial intelligence in the workforce.
(b) Memoranda of Understanding and Other Agreements.--To carry out
this section, the Secretary may enter into memoranda of understanding,
data-licensing agreements, or other agreements for data sharing with
artificial intelligence developers, artificial intelligence deployers,
and other private entities, participating in the program under this
section.
(c) Use of Data.--
(1) In general.--Any data on adoption or use of artificial
intelligence furnished through the program under this section--
(A) shall be used exclusively for statistical
purposes, as defined in section 3561 of title 44,
United States Code;
(B) shall be--
(i) treated as confidential in accordance
with the requirements under subchapter III of
chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code; and
(ii) exempt from disclosure under section
552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code;
(C) shall include an anonymized description of the
data sources, the methodology used, and an assessment
of the limitation of the data, including any known gaps
in coverage or potential for bias; and
(D) may not be used for regulatory enforcement or
any antitrust action.
(2) Statistical methodology.--In establishing the program
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
(A) develop a statistical methodology to ensure
that the data collected through such program is, to the
extent feasible, statistically valid and representative
of all sectors and demographics of the workforce;
(B) establish data quality standards, uniform
definitions, and formats for the data to be shared to
ensure comparability; and
(C) develop methods to identify and mitigate
selection bias in the data received.
(d) Public Recognition for Participation.--The Secretary shall
maintain, on the website of the Department of Labor, a public roster of
artificial intelligence developers, artificial intelligence deployers,
and other private entities, that participate in the program under this
section and that agree to being included in such roster.
(e) Publication of Aggregate Statistics.--
(1) In general.--Not less frequently than once every 6
months, the Secretary shall publish machine readable statistics
on information collected under this section, such as the degree
of adoption or use of artificial intelligence for various
occupations, unless the Secretary determines that such
publications would be more detrimental than beneficial to the
goal of collecting and sharing data to inform policymaking and
the career decisions of individuals.
(2) Aggregation.--The data published under this subsection
may be--
(A) aggregated across data contributors; or
(B) otherwise structured as the Secretary, in
consultation with the Chief Statistician of the United
States and the Workforce Information Advisory Council,
determines appropriate.
(f) Report to Congress.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a
report--
(1) evaluating--
(A) participation rates of artificial intelligence
developers, artificial intelligence deployers, and
other private entities, in the program under this
section;
(B) the quality of data furnished through such
program;
(C) the usefulness of the aggregated statistics
published pursuant to this section, including under
subsection (e), for labor-market analysis; and
(D) barriers to collection or analysis of data
pursuant to this section; and
(2) providing recommendations for expanding or modifying
the program under this section.
(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this section $7,000,000 for the period of
fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
(h) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Artificial intelligence deployer.--The term
``artificial intelligence deployer'' means an entity (including
a cloud service provider) that operates artificial intelligence
for internal use or for use by a third party.
(2) Artificial intelligence developer.--The term
``artificial intelligence developer'' means--
(A) an entity that builds, designs, codes,
produces, trains, or owns artificial intelligence for
internal use or for use by a third party; and
(B) does not include an entity that is solely a
deployer of the artificial intelligence.
SEC. 203. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE QUESTIONS IN FEDERAL SURVEYS.
(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Director of
the Bureau of the Census, and the Secretary of Labor, acting through
the Commissioner of Labor Statistics, shall, in consultation with the
Chief Statistician of the United States, revise their respective
surveys described in subsection (b) to incorporate or improve questions
relating to the adoption and use of artificial intelligence in
accordance with this section.
(b) Surveys.--The surveys described in this subsection are--
(1) with respect to the Bureau of the Census--
(A) the Annual Business Survey;
(B) the Current Population Survey; and
(C) the Business Trends and Outlook Survey; and
(2) with respect to the Bureau of Labor Statistics--
(A) the Occupational Requirements Survey; and
(B) the American Time Use Survey.
(c) Content.--The questions and improvements required under
subsection (a) shall--
(1) to the extent practicable, be informed by the
information collected under section 101 with respect to how
best to implement this Act (including input or observations
quantified or ranked in accordance with such section) and any
other sources determined appropriate by the Secretary of
Commerce or the Secretary of Labor; and
(2) seek to obtain information on--
(A) the types of artificial intelligence adopted by
individuals or entities, to enable important analytical
distinctions between such types, such as between
language models and simple predictive models;
(B) the occupations or tasks most impacted by
artificial intelligence;
(C) changes in skill requirements or training
investments attributable to artificial intelligence,
including shortages in skills necessary for the
development, operation, or integration of artificial
intelligence;
(D) the intensity and frequency of artificial
intelligence use; and
(E) work outcomes attributable to artificial
intelligence, such as changes in time spent or changes
in quality or quantity of outputs.
(d) Scope.--
(1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 3, for purposes of
the questions described in subsection (a), the Secretary of
Commerce, or the Secretary of Labor, as either such Secretary
determines appropriate for the purposes of this Act, may narrow
the scope of artificial intelligence covered by such questions,
such as by limiting the scope of such term to language models
or by excluding from such term forms of artificial intelligence
that do not represent the frontier of development or adoption
of artificial intelligence.
(2) Consultation.--In developing the questions and
improvements required by subsection (a), the Secretary of
Commerce and the Secretary of Labor shall consult with each
other regarding the scope of the term ``artificial
intelligence'' used in such questions and, as appropriate and
feasible, facilitate consistency.
(e) Prohibition on Additional Appropriations.--No additional
amounts are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section.
SEC. 204. DISCLOSURES UNDER THE WORKER ADJUSTMENT AND RETRAINING
NOTIFICATION ACT.
Section 3 of the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act
(29 U.S.C. 2102) is amended by adding at the end the following:
``(e) Artificial Intelligence Contributing to Mass Layoffs.--
``(1) In general.--In the event that artificial
intelligence was a substantial factor, as determined under the
guidance issued under paragraph (3), in contributing to a mass
layoff for which a notice is required under subsection (a), the
notice required under such subsection shall include a
statement--
``(A) specifying that artificial intelligence was a
substantial factor in such mass layoff;
``(B) specifying the type and usage of such
artificial intelligence;
``(C) providing an estimate of the percentage of
the employment loss, with respect to such mass layoff,
that is attributable to such artificial intelligence;
and
``(D) specifying the actions, if any, that were
taken to upskill or retrain employees to meet the needs
of the employer prior to implementing such mass layoff.
``(2) Good-faith compliance.--An employer satisfies the
requirements under this subsection if the notice required under
subsection (a) includes a good-faith statement with respect to
the requirements under paragraph (1), including a good-faith
estimate of the percentage required under subparagraph (C) of
such paragraph.
``(3) Guidance.--The Secretary of Labor shall issue
guidance not later than 300 days after the date of enactment of
the AI Workforce PREPARE Act on how employers may--
``(A) determine that artificial intelligence is a
substantial factor in contributing to a mass layoff as
described in paragraph (1); and
``(B) estimate the percentage required under
subparagraph (C) of such paragraph.
``(4) Applicability.--This subsection applies with respect
to any notice issued under subsection (a) on or after the date
that is 1 year after the date of enactment of the AI Workforce
PREPARE Act.
``(5) Definition of artificial intelligence.--In this
subsection, the term `artificial intelligence' has the meaning
given such term in section 3 of such Act.''.
TITLE III--IMPROVING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LABOR MARKET FORECASTS
SEC. 301. DETAILED EMPLOYMENT FORECASTS FOR AI-SENSITIVE OCCUPATIONS.
(a) Designation of Occupations.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary shall, not later than 240
days after the date of enactment of this Act and not less
frequently than once every 2 years thereafter, publish in the
Federal Register a list of not less than 15 occupations, at the
6-digit Standard Occupational Classification code level, for
which the Secretary determines, in accordance with paragraphs
(2) and (3), that a deeper analysis of the impact of artificial
intelligence on such occupation would be highly valuable.
(2) Factors for selection.--In determining the occupations
to include on a list published under paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall consider--
(A) the forecast degree to which artificial
intelligence developments are expected to increase or
decrease demand for employment in such occupations;
(B) the current size of employment of the
occupations;
(C) relevance to policymaking, including
determinations of eligibility or priority for Federal
grants and other funding for workforce or education
initiatives;
(D) the feasibility of producing detailed
assessments with respect to the occupations; and
(E) other factors the Secretary determines
relevant.
(3) Consultation.--In determining the occupations to
include on a list published under paragraph (1), the Secretary
shall--
(A) consult with the Workforce Information Advisory
Council and the Office of Science and Technology
Policy; and
(B) consider input received from respondents or
workshop participants under section 101.
(4) Other factors.--The Secretary shall include in each
list published under paragraph (1) a brief description of any
other factor described in paragraph (2)(E) used in determining
whether an occupation should be included on such list.
(b) Range Forecasts for Designated Occupations.--
(1) Report and prediction interval forecasts.--Not later
than 6 months after publication of the first list under
subsection (a)(1) and at least once every year thereafter, the
Secretary shall publish a report that contains, for each
occupation on the most recently published list under such
subsection, a forecast in the form of a prediction interval,
made by the assigned entity, for employment in such occupation
that reflects the forecast range of uncertainty about the
impact of technological and other changes on such occupation
for--
(A) the 2-year period beginning on the date of such
report;
(B) the 4-year period beginning on the date of such
report; and
(C) the 8-year period beginning on the date of such
report.
(2) Forecast bound specification.--
(A) In general.--For each report under paragraph
(1), the prediction interval described in such
paragraph shall, with respect to each period described
in such paragraph--
(i) form a range from the 20th to 80th
percentile of forecast projected employment for
the occupation, consistent with paragraph (3);
or
(ii) be for another range of forecasts for
the projected employment for the occupation,
including ranges expressed as percentage growth
or decline in employment in the occupation, if
the assigned entity requests to use such other
range and the Secretary approves such other
range, based on considerations including--
(I) the usefulness of the range for
research or policymaking;
(II) the added difficulty of
comparing new and past forecasts for
performance evaluation (if applicable);
and
(III) the feasibility of producing
reliable or defensible forecasts for
the ranges.
(B) Public report regarding other ranges.--If the
assigned entity uses another range of forecasts for
purposes of paragraph (1) that is approved by the
Secretary under subparagraph (A)(ii), the assigned
entity shall publicly release, within 30 days of
receiving approval from the Secretary, a brief report
stating the nature of the range of forecasts and the
reasoning for using such range.
(3) Scope of consideration.--To support the objectivity of
the evaluations under paragraph (6), the ranges used pursuant
to paragraph (2) shall reflect a holistic forecast except that
they shall exclude effects from future acute shocks unrelated
to the economic impacts of artificial intelligence, including
recessions, wars, or pandemics.
(4) Benchmark forecasts.--For each occupation and period
included in the forecasts made in the report under paragraph
(1), the assigned entity shall select one or more benchmark
forecasts to enable comparative evaluation under paragraph (6),
each with an accompanying methodology included in the report
required under paragraph (1). Such benchmark forecasts may
include--
(A) trend-extrapolation models;
(B) generative artificial intelligence, such as
language models; or
(C) other methods the assigned entity determines
appropriate, including those that are suggested by
respondents or workshop participants under section 101.
(5) Method transparency and gap identification.--In each
report published under paragraph (1), the assigned entity
shall, with respect to each forecast included in such report,
provide--
(A) appropriate details on data sources,
assumptions, and modeling steps used by the assigned
entity for purposes of the forecast to facilitate
independent evaluation of the methodology;
(B) an assessment of the most significant and
resolvable data gaps, analytical disagreements, or
other sources of uncertainty with respect to the
forecast;
(C) details regarding the benchmark forecasts
selected under paragraph (4), including basic
methodological details for external evaluation and
replication where possible; and
(D) any supplementary forecasts or additional
analyses that the assigned entity determines
appropriate for inclusion, such as conditional
forecasts.
(6) Evaluation.--
(A) Timing.--The Secretary shall publish an
evaluation of each forecast made under paragraph (1)
for an occupation and period, as included in the report
described in such paragraph, not later than 120 days
after the official data necessary to evaluate the
outcome for the relevant occupation and period are
released.
(B) Quantitative assessment.--Each such evaluation
shall include a quantitative assessment using a proper
scoring rule that--
(i) reflects accuracy for each forecast
made under paragraph (1), with respect to an
occupation and period described in such
paragraph;
(ii) reflects aggregate calibration across
the set of forecasts produced in the report
described in paragraph (1); and
(iii) provides comparisons to the benchmark
forecast or forecasts produced under paragraph
(4).
(C) Treatment of acute shocks.--If the Secretary
determines that an acute shock described in paragraph
(3) has meaningfully distorted the results of an
evaluation under this paragraph, the Secretary shall--
(i) attempt to adjust the results in such
evaluation to account for such distortion; and
(ii) include a description of how the
Secretary is accounting for such distortion in
the publication of the evaluation under this
paragraph.
(7) Assigned entity.--For purposes of this subsection, the
term ``assigned entity'' means--
(A) the Commissioner of Labor Statistics; or
(B) another entity determined appropriate by the
Secretary for making the prediction interval forecast
under paragraph (1), such as the head of the Artificial
Intelligence Workforce Research Hub established under
section 103.
(c) Public Archive.--The Secretary shall maintain an online,
public, and machine-readable archive--
(1) containing the forecasts, scores, and other documents
published under this section; and
(2) that complies with--
(A) the requirements under section 508 of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794d); and
(B) the most recent Web Content Accessibility
Guidelines of the Web Accessibility Initiative, or
successor guidelines, applicable to materials posted on
a website.
(d) Implementation Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 4 years after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall publish a public
report on the implementation of this section.
(2) Contents.--The report under this subsection shall
include--
(A) an assessment of the usefulness of the
forecasts of prediction intervals under this section to
policymakers;
(B) a summary of forecasting performance;
(C) identification of ways to improve the accuracy
or usefulness of the forecasting, including priority
data gaps and methodological issues; and
(D) a plan for implementing the phase out of the
requirements of this section pursuant to subsection
(e).
(e) Phased Sunset.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the
requirements under this section shall cease to be in effect on
the date that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this
Act.
(2) Evaluations.--The requirements under subsections (b)(6)
and (c) shall remain in effect for 10 years after the date of
enactment of this Act to continue evaluation of forecasts
produced under subsection (b)(1) before the date described in
paragraph (1).
(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $18,000,000 for
the period of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
SEC. 302. FORECASTING PRIZE COMPETITION.
(a) Establishment.--The Director of the National Science Foundation
(referred to in this section as the ``Director'') shall establish a
recurring prize competition to incentivize accurate forecasts and
informative rationales for short-horizon questions that are informative
for understanding or addressing labor-market implications of artificial
intelligence (as defined in section 3).
(b) Eligibility.--To be eligible to win a cash prize purse under
this section, an individual or entity--
(1) shall have registered to participate in the prize
competition under any rules promulgated by the Director;
(2) shall have complied with all the requirements under
this section;
(3) in the case of a private entity, shall be incorporated
in and maintain a primary place of business in the United
States, and in the case of an individual, whether participating
singly or in a group, shall be a citizen or permanent resident
of the United States; and
(4) may not be a Federal entity or Federal employee acting
within the scope of their employment.
(c) Scope of Forecast Questions.--Questions under the prize
competition established under subsection (a) may include--
(1) model performance on relevant benchmarks, such as
automation or augmentation benchmarks;
(2) AI adoption indicators, such as share of firms
deploying generative-AI tools;
(3) occupation-level employment changes and AI-related
mass-layoff reports; and
(4) other metrics or topics the Director, in consultation
with the Secretary of Labor, deems valuable and appropriate.
(d) Competition Cadence and Structure.--The Director shall release
questions under the prize competition established under subsection (a)
and score resolved questions or submitted rationales not less
frequently than every 6 months after the date of the creation of the
competition.
(e) Evaluation Criteria.--The Director shall use evaluation
criteria in the prize competition established under subsection (a) that
include, either jointly or as part of separate prize categories--
(1) forecasting accuracy using a proper scoring rule; and
(2) informativeness or persuasiveness of rationales,
models, or other justifications offered in response to
questions.
(f) Consultation.--In carrying out the prize competition
established under subsection (a), the Director shall--
(1) consult with the Secretary, the Director of the Office
of Science and Technology Policy, and at least 1 organization
that has operated scored crowd elicitation forecasting
platforms or contests; and
(2) consider relevant input collected under section 101
about best practices for designing and operating scored crowd-
sourced forecasting.
(g) Reporting; Data Retention.--
(1) Posting.--Each year of the prize competition
established under subsection (a), the Director shall post a
public summary of the results and discuss whether and how the
results will inform Federal labor-market forecasts or policy.
(2) Retention.--The Director shall retain program data from
the prize competition established under subsection (a) for not
less than 5 years after the date on which the program sunsets
under subsection (i).
(3) Consolidated report.--By not later than 3 years after
the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall publish a
consolidated report, which shall evaluate the prize competition
effectiveness and recommend whether to continue or modify the
prize competition program.
(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this section $6,000,000 over the period of
fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
(i) Sunset.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the
prize competition authorized under this section shall cease to
exist on the date that is 5 years after the date of enactment
of this Act.
(2) Distribution after sunset.--Any prize competition funds
that are obligated before the date that is 5 years after the
date of enactment of this Act shall be distributed after such
date that is 5 years after such date of enactment.
TITLE IV--LINKING BETTER DATA TO EMPLOYMENT, TRAINING, AND ADJUSTMENT
PROGRAMS
SEC. 401. REPORT ON USE OF NEW RESEARCH AND TOOLS IN RECIPIENT
SELECTION AND PROGRAM MEASUREMENT.
(a) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
this Act, the Secretary shall prepare a report that--
(1) describes how the data, benchmarks, and forecasts
developed or collected pursuant to this Act will be
incorporated into the selection or performance measurement
criteria of--
(A) programs of formula and competitive grants
under title I of the Workforce Innovation and
Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3111 et seq.);
(B) apprenticeship and pre-apprenticeship programs,
and training programs involving grants, administered by
the Secretary; and
(C) other grant programs administered by and
determined to be appropriate by the Secretary;
(2) identifies statutory or regulatory barriers, if any, to
using such data, benchmarks, and forecasting tools in selecting
grant recipients for and measuring results of the programs
described in paragraph (1);
(3) describes how the Secretary will support States,
localities, and other applicants for funding for the programs,
to utilize the data, benchmarks, and forecasts to improve their
funding applications and program performance measures; and
(4) provides recommendations on timelines, responsible
offices, and resource needs for incorporation, as described in
paragraph (1).
(b) Consultation.--In preparing the report under subsection (a),
the Secretary shall consult with the Workforce Information Advisory
Council and consider input obtained through the activities required
under title I.
(c) Submission.--The Secretary shall submit the report to the
Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and
the Committee on Education and Workforce of the House of
Representatives.
(d) Publication.--Not later than 30 days after submitting the
report under subsection (c), the Secretary shall make the report
available on a publicly accessible website of the Department of Labor,
in a machine-readable and accessible format.
(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $500,000 for
the period of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
SEC. 402. STUDY ON RAPID ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE
PROGRAM.
(a) Study.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 12 months after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall, directly or by
grant, provide for a study on potential design options and
challenges for a Rapid AI Adjustment Assistance Program to help
workers dislocated or job-seekers impacted by artificial
intelligence (referred to in this section as an ``impacted
worker'').
(2) Components.--The Secretary, directly or indirectly,
shall, in carrying out the study--
(A) draw on the data and forecasts developed
pursuant to this Act, as well as lessons from the
program of trade adjustment assistance under chapter 2
of title II of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2271 et
seq.) and other examples of adjustment assistance
programs as appropriate; and
(B) examine and propose answers to questions such
as--
(i) how to rapidly and reliably determine
who should qualify as an impacted worker due to
artificial intelligence for purposes of
receiving rapid artificial intelligence
adjustment assistance, including questions
regarding--
(I) which data would be highly
valuable for determining eligibility;
(II) what regulatory barriers exist
to collecting or analyzing valuable
data;
(III) what thresholds of evidence
would be appropriate for those
determinations;
(IV) how could the Department of
Labor use artificial intelligence to
support adjudication of approval of
petitions described in subclause (VI)
or related decisions;
(V) whether a tiered approval
process involving preliminary approval
would be appropriate; and
(VI) whether the process should be
structured as a petition-based system,
and if so, should the Department of
Labor evaluate petitions at the
individual, group, or other levels;
(ii) the anticipated positive and negative
effects of different forms of adjustment
assistance, including credits for retraining or
education, as well as how to support such
individuals' transitions to alternative
employment that is unlikely to face similar
dislocation in the near future;
(iii) the compatibility of a program
described in paragraph (1) with existing laws
and regulatory barriers to effective program
execution;
(iv) how the program could support evidence
collection and incorporate ongoing performance
evaluation, including through use of pilot
programs with randomized assignment or other
experimental methods where appropriate;
(v) how much would the overall program cost
under different design choices;
(vi) how the program could support
effective collaboration between labor
organizations, workforce development agencies,
and educational institutions to meet impacted
workers' needs; and
(vii) other questions determined to be
appropriate by the Secretary.
(b) Publication.--The Secretary shall ensure that, not later than 2
years after the date of enactment of this Act, the study shall be
completed and the results of the study shall be published on a publicly
accessible website of the Department of Labor.
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $1,000,000 for
the period of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
SEC. 403. UPDATE OF STATE IN-DEMAND INDUSTRY SECTOR AND OCCUPATION
LISTS.
(a) Requirement.--Beginning not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of this Act and for the subsequent 4 years, each State that,
and local board for a local area that, receives funds under subtitle B
of title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C.
3151 et seq.) shall, consider the information or forecasts produced
under title III when updating its lists of in-demand industry sectors
and occupations, as defined in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation
and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102).
(b) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary shall provide States with
compilations of resources, information on harmonization of data, and
other guidance as appropriate to facilitate the incorporation of
forecasts as described in subsection (a).
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $3,000,000 for
the period of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
SEC. 404. DATA ELEMENTS AND PRODUCTION.
(a) Data Elements.--
(1) Consultation for identification.--The Secretary shall
identify data elements for the reporting of data relevant to
data collection and reporting under this Act. The Secretary
shall consult with States, local workforce development boards,
private employers, and other entities selected by the Secretary
to identify data elements pertaining to the workforce, job
vacancies, hiring, earnings, education, skills, and any other
aspects of that implementation that are selected by the
Secretary.
(2) Reporting on data elements.--Not later than 12 months
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
submit a report to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor,
and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Education and
Workforce of the House of Representatives detailing how the
data on data elements described in paragraph (1) could be--
(A) reported in a standardized manner;
(B) collected in a secure repository; and
(C) made accessible to researchers.
(b) Data Production.--The Secretary, in coordination with the
National Science Foundation and other relevant Federal agencies, shall
lead a voluntary and, when feasible, consensus-driven effort--
(1) to develop Federal standards, and facilitate the
development of State and local standards, for the production,
including collection and reporting, under this Act of trusted
data that relates to artificial intelligence; and
(2) to support voluntary, consistent implementation and use
of the standards at all appropriate levels of government.
(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $3,000,000 for
the period of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
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