119 S874 RS: Expanding Whistleblower Protections for Contractors Act of 2025
U.S. Senate
2025-12-09
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
II
Calendar No. 289
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 874
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
March 5, 2025
Mr. Peters (for himself and Mr. Grassley) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
December 9, 2025
Reported by Mr. Paul, with an amendment
Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic
A BILL
To ensure that whistleblowers, including contractors, are protected from retaliation when a Federal employee orders a reprisal, and for other purposes.
1.

Short title
This Act may be cited as the “Expanding Whistleblower Protections for Contractors Act of 2025”.
2.

Defense contractor employees: protection from reprisal for disclosure of certain information
Section 4701 of title 10, United States Code, is amended—
(1)
in subsection (a)—
(A)
in paragraph (1)—
(i)
in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)—
(I)
by striking “An employee” and all that follows through “services contractor” and inserting “A protected individual”; and
(II)
by striking “disclosing” and all that follows through “evidence of”; and
(ii)
by striking subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) and inserting the following subparagraphs:
“(A)
Refusing to obey an order that would require the protected individual to violate a law, rule, or regulation related to any contract, subcontract, grant, or subgrant.
(B)
Disclosing to a person or body described in paragraph (2) information that the protected individual reasonably believes is evidence of the following:
(i)
Gross mismanagement of any Department of Defense contract or grant, any gross waste of Department funds, any abuse of authority relating to any Department contract, subcontract, grant, or subgrant, or any violation of law, rule, or regulation related to any Department contract or subcontract (including the competition for or negotiation of a contract or subcontract) or grant or subgrant.
(ii)
Gross mismanagement of any National Aeronautics and Space Administration contract or grant, any gross waste of Administration funds, any abuse of authority relating to an Administration contract, subcontract, grant, or subgrant, or any violation of law, rule, or regulation related to any Administration contract or subcontract (including the competition for or negotiation of a contract or subcontract) or grant or subgrant.
(iii)
A substantial and specific danger to public health or safety.”; and
(B)
in paragraph (3)—
(i)
in subparagraph (A), by striking “an employee” and inserting “a protected individual”; and
(ii)
by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following subparagraph:
“(B)
it shall not be within the authority of an executive branch official to request that a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee engage in a reprisal prohibited by paragraph (1).”;
(2)
in subsection (c)—
(A)
in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following subparagraph:
“(E)
Propose appropriate disciplinary action against any executive branch official for any request made of a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee that subjected the complainant to a reprisal prohibited by subsection (a).”; and
(B)
by striking paragraph (7) and inserting the following paragraph:
“(7)

Clarification for scope of waiver restrictions
(A)
The rights, forum, and remedies provided for in this section may not be waived by any public or private agreement, policy, form, or condition of employment, including by any predispute arbitration agreement.
(B)
No provision of the predispute arbitration agreement shall be valid or enforceable if it requires arbitration of a dispute arising under this section.”;
(3)
by striking subsection (e) and redesignating subsections (f) and (g) as subsections (e) and (f), respectively;
(4)
in subsection (e), as so redesignated—
(A)
by striking “an employee” and inserting “a protected individual”; and
(B)
by striking “the employee” and inserting “the protected individual”; and
(5)
in subsection (f), as so redesignated, by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(8)
The term protected individual means—
(A)
a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee of the Department of Defense or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, including—
(i)
the government of each of the several States, the District of Columbia, an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States;
(ii)
the government of any political subdivision of, agency of, or instrumentality of, a government listed in clause (i); and
(iii)
an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)) within the Department of Defense;
(B)
an employee of a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee of the Department of Defense or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or a former employee of such contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee whose protected disclosure or engagement in any activity protected against reprisal under this section occurred prior to termination, including an employee of—
(i)
the government of each of the several States, the District of Columbia, an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States;
(ii)
the government of any political subdivision of, agency of, or instrumentality of, a government listed in clause (i); and
(iii)
an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)) within the Department of Defense; or
(C)
a person performing personal services for the Department of Defense or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration pursuant to a contractual agreement for the performance of personal services, including a personal services contract or personal services agreement, and who engages in an activity for which any reprisal is prohibited under subsection (a), including a person performing personal services pursuant such a contractual agreement for—
(i)
the government of each of the several States, the District of Columbia, an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States;
(ii)
the government of any political subdivision of, agency of, or instrumentality of, a government listed in clause (i); and
(iii)
an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)) within the Department of Defense.”.
3.

Enhancement of non-defense contractor protection from reprisal for disclosure of certain information
Section 4712 of title 41, United States Code, is amended—
(1)
in subsection (a)—
(A)
by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following paragraph:
“(1)

In general
A protected individual may not be discharged, demoted, or otherwise discriminated against as a reprisal for the following:
(A)
Refusing to obey an order that would require the protected individual to violate a law, rule, or regulation related to any contract, subcontract, grant, or subgrant.
(B)
Disclosing to a person or body described in paragraph (2) information that the protected individual reasonably believes is evidence of the following:
(i)
Gross mismanagement of any Federal contract or grant, any gross waste of Federal funds, any abuse of authority relating to any Federal contract, subcontract, grant, or subgrant, or any violation of law, rule, or regulation related to any Federal contract or subcontract (including the competition for or negotiation of a contract or subcontract) or grant or subgrant.
(ii)
A substantial and specific danger to public health or safety.”; and
(B)
in paragraph (3)—
(i)
in subparagraph (A), by striking “an employee” and inserting “a protected individual”; and
(ii)
by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following subparagraph:
“(B)
it shall not be within the authority of an executive branch official to request that a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee engage in a reprisal prohibited by paragraph (1).”;
(2)
in subsection (c)—
(A)
in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
“(E)
Propose appropriate disciplinary action against any executive branch official for any request made of a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee that subjected the complainant to a reprisal prohibited by subsection (a).”; and
(B)
by striking paragraph (7) and inserting the following paragraph:
“(7)

Rights, forum, and remedies not waivable
(A)

In general
The rights, forum, and remedies provided for in this section may not be waived by any public or private agreement, policy, form, or condition of employment, including by any predispute arbitration agreement.
(B)

Validity
No provision of the predispute arbitration agreement shall be valid or enforceable if it requires arbitration of a dispute arising under this section.”;
(3)
in subsection (e)—
(A)
by striking “an employee” and inserting “a protected individual”; and
(B)
by striking “the employee” and inserting “the protected individual”;
(4)
by striking subsection (f) and redesignating subsections (g) and (h) as subsections (f) and (g), respectively; and
(5)
in subsection (f), as so redesignated, by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new paragraph:
“(3)
The term protected individual means—
(A)
a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee of the Federal Government, including—
(i)
the government of each of the several States, the District of Columbia, an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States;
(ii)
the government of any political subdivision of, agency of, or instrumentality of, a government listed in clause (i); and
(iii)
an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003));
(B)
an employee of a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee of the Federal Government or a former employee of such contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee whose protected disclosure or engagement in any activity protected against reprisal under this section occurred prior to termination, including an employee of—
(i)
the government of each of the several States, the District of Columbia, an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States;
(ii)
the government of any political subdivision of, agency of, or instrumentality of, a government listed in clause (i); and
(iii)
an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)); or
(C)
a person performing personal services for the Federal Government pursuant to a contractual agreement for the performance of personal services, including a personal services contract or personal services agreement, including a person performing personal services pursuant to such a contractual agreement for—
(i)
the government of each of the several States, the District of Columbia, an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States;
(ii)
the government of any political subdivision of, agency of, or instrumentality of, a government listed in clause (i); and
(iii)
an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)).”.
1.

Short title
This Act may be cited as the “Expanding Whistleblower Protections for Contractors Act of 2025”.
2.

Defense contractor employees: protection from reprisal for disclosure of certain information
Section 4701 of title 10, United States Code, is amended—
(1)
in subsection (a)—
(A)
in paragraph (1)—
(i)
in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)—
(I)
by striking “An employee” and all that follows through “services contractor” and inserting “A protected individual”; and
(II)
by striking “disclosing” and all that follows through “evidence of”; and
(ii)
by striking subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) and inserting the following subparagraphs:
“(A)
Refusing to obey an order that would require the protected individual to violate a law, rule, or regulation related to any contract, subcontract, grant, or subgrant.
(B)
Disclosing to a person or body described in paragraph (2) information that the protected individual reasonably believes is evidence of the following:
(i)
Gross mismanagement of any Department of Defense contract or grant, any gross waste of Department funds, any abuse of authority relating to any Department contract, subcontract, grant, or subgrant, or any violation of law, rule, or regulation related to any Department contract or subcontract (including the competition for or negotiation of a contract or subcontract) or grant or subgrant.
(ii)
Gross mismanagement of any National Aeronautics and Space Administration contract or grant, any gross waste of Administration funds, any abuse of authority relating to an Administration contract, subcontract, grant, or subgrant, or any violation of law, rule, or regulation related to any Administration contract or subcontract (including the competition for or negotiation of a contract or subcontract) or grant or subgrant.
(iii)
A substantial and specific danger to public health or safety.”; and
(B)
in paragraph (3)—
(i)
in subparagraph (A), by striking “an employee” and inserting “a protected individual”; and
(ii)
by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following subparagraph:
“(B)
it shall not be within the authority of an executive branch official to request that a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee engage in a reprisal prohibited by paragraph (1).”;
(2)
in subsection (c)—
(A)
in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following subparagraph:
“(E)
Propose appropriate disciplinary action against any executive branch official for any request made of a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee that subjected the complainant to a reprisal prohibited by subsection (a).”; and
(B)
by striking paragraph (7) and inserting the following paragraph:
“(7)

Clarification for scope of waiver restrictions
The rights, forum, and remedies provided for in this section may not be waived by any public or private agreement, policy, form, or condition of employment, including by any predispute arbitration agreement.”;
(3)
by striking subsection (e) and redesignating subsections (f) and (g) as subsections (e) and (f), respectively;
(4)
in subsection (e), as so redesignated—
(A)
by striking “an employee” and inserting “a protected individual”; and
(B)
by striking “the employee” and inserting “the protected individual”; and
(5)
in subsection (f), as so redesignated, by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(8)
The term protected individual means—
(A)
a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee of the Department of Defense or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, including—
(i)
the government of each of the several States, the District of Columbia, an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States;
(ii)
the government of any political subdivision of, agency of, or instrumentality of, a government listed in clause (i); and
(iii)
an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)) within the Department of Defense;
(B)
an employee of a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee of the Department of Defense or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or a former employee of such contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee whose protected disclosure or engagement in any activity protected against reprisal under this section occurred prior to termination, including an employee of—
(i)
the government of each of the several States, the District of Columbia, an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States;
(ii)
the government of any political subdivision of, agency of, or instrumentality of, a government listed in clause (i); and
(iii)
an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)) within the Department of Defense; or
(C)
a person performing personal services for the Department of Defense or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration pursuant to a contractual agreement for the performance of personal services, including a personal services contract or personal services agreement, and who engages in an activity for which any reprisal is prohibited under subsection (a), including a person performing personal services pursuant such a contractual agreement for—
(i)
the government of each of the several States, the District of Columbia, an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States;
(ii)
the government of any political subdivision of, agency of, or instrumentality of, a government listed in clause (i); and
(iii)
an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)) within the Department of Defense.”.
3.

Enhancement of non-defense contractor protection from reprisal for disclosure of certain information
Section 4712 of title 41, United States Code, is amended—
(1)
in subsection (a)—
(A)
by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following paragraph:
“(1)

In general
A protected individual may not be discharged, demoted, or otherwise discriminated against as a reprisal for the following:
(A)
Refusing to obey an order that would require the protected individual to violate a law, rule, or regulation related to any contract, subcontract, grant, or subgrant.
(B)
Disclosing to a person or body described in paragraph (2) information that the protected individual reasonably believes is evidence of the following:
(i)
Gross mismanagement of any Federal contract or grant, any gross waste of Federal funds, any abuse of authority relating to any Federal contract, subcontract, grant, or subgrant, or any violation of law, rule, or regulation related to any Federal contract or subcontract (including the competition for or negotiation of a contract or subcontract) or grant or subgrant.
(ii)
A substantial and specific danger to public health or safety.”; and
(B)
in paragraph (3)—
(i)
in subparagraph (A), by striking “an employee” and inserting “a protected individual”; and
(ii)
by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following subparagraph:
“(B)
it shall not be within the authority of an executive branch official to request that a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee engage in a reprisal prohibited by paragraph (1).”;
(2)
in subsection (c)—
(A)
in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
“(E)
Propose appropriate disciplinary action against any executive branch official for any request made of a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee that subjected the complainant to a reprisal prohibited by subsection (a).”; and
(B)
by striking paragraph (7) and inserting the following paragraph:
“(7)

Rights, forum, and remedies not waivable
The rights, forum, and remedies provided for in this section may not be waived by any public or private agreement, policy, form, or condition of employment, including by any predispute arbitration agreement.”;
(3)
in subsection (e)—
(A)
by striking “an employee” and inserting “a protected individual”; and
(B)
by striking “the employee” and inserting “the protected individual”;
(4)
by striking subsection (f) and redesignating subsections (g) and (h) as subsections (f) and (g), respectively; and
(5)
in subsection (f), as so redesignated, by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new paragraph:
“(3)
The term protected individual means—
(A)
a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee of the Federal Government, including—
(i)
the government of each of the several States, the District of Columbia, an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States;
(ii)
the government of any political subdivision of, agency of, or instrumentality of, a government listed in clause (i); and
(iii)
an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003));
(B)
an employee of a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee of the Federal Government or a former employee of such contractor, subcontractor, grantee, or subgrantee whose protected disclosure or engagement in any activity protected against reprisal under this section occurred prior to termination, including an employee of—
(i)
the government of each of the several States, the District of Columbia, an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States;
(ii)
the government of any political subdivision of, agency of, or instrumentality of, a government listed in clause (i); and
(iii)
an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)); or
(C)
a person performing personal services for the Federal Government pursuant to a contractual agreement for the performance of personal services, including a personal services contract or personal services agreement, including a person performing personal services pursuant to such a contractual agreement for—
(i)
the government of each of the several States, the District of Columbia, an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States;
(ii)
the government of any political subdivision of, agency of, or instrumentality of, a government listed in clause (i); and
(iii)
an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)).”.
December 9, 2025
Reported with an amendment