[Pages S1431-S1433]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                         SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS

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SENATE RESOLUTION 101--AFFIRMING THE THREATS TO WORLD STABILITY FROM A 
            NUCLEAR WEAPONS-CAPABLE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

  Mr. GRAHAM (for himself, Mr. Fetterman, and Mrs. Britt) submitted the 
following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign 
Relations:

                              S. Res. 101

       Whereas numerous officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran 
     have repeatedly made statements against the United States, 
     Israel, and their allies and partners, including--

[[Page S1432]]

       (1) the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 
     Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who stated--
          (A) ``As long as America continues its wickedness, 
     interference, and savagery, the Iranian nation will not 
     abandon `Death to America'.'';
          (B) ``The Zionist regime is a deadly, cancerous growth 
     and a detriment to this region. It will undoubtedly be 
     uprooted and destroyed'';
          (C) ``We will definitely do everything necessary to 
     prepare the Iranian nation for confronting the Arrogant 
     Powers, whether militarily, in terms of armament, or 
     politically. Our officials are already working on this''; and
          (D) ``The United States of America and the Zionist 
     regime will definitely receive a crushing response for what 
     they do against Iran and the Resistance Front'';
       (2) an adviser to the Supreme Leader of the Islamic 
     Republic of Iran, Kamal Kharrazi, who stated, ``We have no 
     decision to build a nuclear bomb but should Iran's existence 
     be threatened, there will be no choice but to change our 
     military doctrine''; and
       (3) former foreign ministry spokesperson of the Islamic 
     Republic of Iran, Nasser Kanani, who stated, ``This action of 
     the three European countries [France, Germany and the United 
     Kingdom] is the continuation of the hostile policy of the 
     West and economic terrorism against the people of Iran, which 
     will face the appropriate and proportionate action of the 
     Islamic Republic of Iran'';
       Whereas the Islamic Republic of Iran is directly 
     responsible for the death and injury of United States 
     servicemembers, including--
       (1) between 2005 and 2011, when the Quds Force, a branch of 
     Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, provided 
     explosively formed penetrators to Iranian-backed fighters in 
     Iraq and killed 195 United States troops and wounded nearly 
     another 900 United States troops;
       (2) since the October 7, 2023, attack on Israel, where 
     Iranian-backed proxies have attacked United States troops in 
     the region more than 170 times; and
       (3) on January 28, 2024, when an Iranian-backed proxy 
     launched a drone that killed 3 United States troops and 
     wounded nearly another 40 United States troops stationed at 
     Tower 22 in Jordan;
       Whereas the United States Government has reported--
       (1) ``Iran's annual financial backing to Hizballah -- which 
     in recent years has been estimated at $700 million -- 
     accounts for the overwhelming majority of [Hizballah's] 
     annual budget'';
       (2) ``Hamas has received funding, weapons, and training 
     from Iran''; and
       (3) ``Iran also provides up to $100 million annually in 
     combined support to Palestinian terrorist groups, including 
     Hamas'';
       Whereas the Islamic Republic of Iran's support to the 
     Houthis, including through the provision of ballistic and 
     cruise missiles and unmanned weapons systems, has allowed the 
     Houthis to carry out attacks against United States partners;
       Whereas, since the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the Islamic 
     Republic of Iran has engaged in acts of international 
     terrorism and continuously threatened the United States, 
     Israel, and their partners and allies;
       Whereas, on January 19, 1984, the United States designated 
     the Islamic Republic of Iran as a state sponsor of terrorism 
     for repeatedly providing support for acts of international 
     terrorism;
       Whereas, on April 11, 2006, the Islamic Republic of Iran 
     announced that it had enriched uranium for the first time to 
     a level close to 3.5 percent at the Pilot Fuel Enrichment 
     Plant in Natanz, Iran;
       Whereas, on December 23, 2006, the United Nations Security 
     Council adopted Resolution 1737 (2006), which imposed 
     sanctions with respect to the Islamic Republic of Iran for 
     its failure to suspend enrichment activities;
       Whereas the United Nations Security Council subsequently 
     adopted Resolutions 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008), and 1929 
     (2010), all of which targeted the nuclear program of, and 
     imposed additional sanctions with respect to, the Islamic 
     Republic of Iran;
       Whereas, on February 3, 2009, the Islamic Republic of Iran 
     announced that it had launched its first satellite, which 
     raised concern over the applicability of the satellite to the 
     ballistic missile program;
       Whereas, in September 2009, the United States, the United 
     Kingdom, and France revealed the existence of the clandestine 
     Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 
     years after construction started on the plant;
       Whereas, on January 28, 2017, the Islamic Republic of Iran 
     conducted a test of a medium-range ballistic missile, which 
     traveled an estimated 600 miles and provides the Islamic 
     Republic of Iran the capability to threaten United States 
     military installations in the Middle East;
       Whereas, in 2018, Israel seized a significant portion of 
     the nuclear archive of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which 
     contained tens of thousands of files and compact discs 
     relating to past efforts at nuclear weapon design, 
     development, and manufacturing by the Islamic Republic of 
     Iran;
       Whereas, on September 27, 2018, Israel revealed the 
     existence of a secret warehouse housing radioactive material 
     in the Turquz Abad district in Tehran, and an inspection of 
     the warehouse by the International Atomic Energy Agency 
     (referred to in this preamble as the ``IAEA'') detected 
     radioactive particles, which the Government of Iran failed to 
     adequately explain;
       Whereas, on June 19, 2020, the IAEA adopted Resolution GOV/
     2020/34, which expressed ``serious concern . . . that Iran 
     has not provided access to the Agency under the Additional 
     Protocol to two locations'';
       Whereas, on April 17, 2021, the IAEA verified that the 
     Islamic Republic of Iran had begun to enrich uranium to 60 
     percent purity;
       Whereas, on August 14, 2021, the former President of the 
     Islamic Republic of Iran, Hassan Rouhani, stated, ``Iran's 
     Atomic Energy Organization can enrich uranium by 20 percent 
     and 60 percent and if . . . our reactors need it, it can 
     enrich uranium to 90 percent purity'';
       Whereas, on April 17, 2022, the Islamic Republic of Iran 
     confirmed the relocation of a production facility for 
     advanced centrifuges from an aboveground facility at Karaj, 
     Iran, to the fortified underground Natanz Enrichment Complex;
       Whereas, on April 19, 2022, the Department of State 
     released a report stating there are ``serious concerns'' 
     about ``possible undeclared nuclear material and activities 
     in Iran'';
       Whereas, on May 30, 2022, the IAEA reported that the 
     Islamic Republic of Iran had achieved a stockpile of 43.3 
     kilograms (95.5 pounds) of 60 percent highly enriched 
     uranium, roughly enough material for a nuclear weapon;
       Whereas, on June 8, 2022, the Islamic Republic of Iran 
     turned off surveillance cameras installed by the IAEA to 
     monitor uranium enrichment activities at nuclear sites in the 
     country;
       Whereas, on July 14, 2022, in The Jerusalem U.S.-Israel 
     Strategic Partnership Joint Declaration, which was signed 
     between President Biden and Israel, the United States 
     stressed its commitment ``never to allow Iran to acquire a 
     nuclear weapon, and that [the United States] is prepared to 
     use all elements of its national power to ensure that 
     outcome'';
       Whereas, on July 27, 2022, the head of the Atomic Energy 
     Organization of Iran, Mohammad Eslami, announced that the 
     Islamic Republic of Iran is building a new nuclear reactor at 
     the Isfahan Nuclear Technology Center, which will be one of 
     the largest nuclear facilities in Iran;
       Whereas, on December 2, 2022, IAEA Director General Rafael 
     Mariano Grossi stated, ``Iran informed us they were tripling 
     . . . their capacity to enrich uranium at 60 percent, which 
     is very close to military level, which is 90 percent'';
       Whereas, on January 25, 2023, Director General Grossi 
     stated, ``One thing is true: [the Islamic Republic of Iran 
     has] amassed enough nuclear material for several nuclear 
     weapons'';
       Whereas, on February 27, 2023, the IAEA reported that the 
     Islamic Republic of Iran had enriched uranium to 83.7 
     percent, which is just short of the 90 percent threshold for 
     weapons-grade fissile material;
       Whereas, on September 4, 2023, an IAEA report estimated the 
     total uranium stockpile of the Islamic Republic of Iran to be 
     3795.5 kilograms (8367.65 pounds) and that the Islamic 
     Republic of Iran has enough fissile material, that if further 
     enriched, would be sufficient to produce several nuclear 
     weapons;
       Whereas, on October 18, 2023, United Nations Security 
     Council Resolution 2231 (2015) lapsed and many proliferation-
     related penalties and restrictions were lifted, allowing the 
     Islamic Republic of Iran to test or transfer ballistic 
     missiles, which may contribute to the further development of 
     a nuclear weapon delivery system;
       Whereas, on December 28, 2023, the governments of the 
     United States, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom 
     jointly declared, ``The production of high-enriched uranium 
     by Iran has no credible civilian justification. These 
     decisions demonstrate Iran's lack of good will towards de-
     escalation and represent reckless behavior in a tense 
     regional context . . . Iran must fully cooperate with the 
     IAEA to enable it to provide assurances that its nuclear 
     program is exclusively peaceful.'';
       Whereas, on February 27, 2024, a spokesperson for the 
     Department of State stated, ``We remain seriously concerned 
     about Iran's continued expansion of its nuclear program in 
     ways that have no credible civilian purpose, including its 
     continued production of highly enriched uranium'';
       Whereas, on June 3, 2024, Director General Grossi stated, 
     ``Many countries have said if Iran gets nuclear weapons, they 
     will do the same. Adding nuclear weapons to the cauldron of 
     the Middle East is a very bad idea.'';
       Whereas, on June 5, 2024, by a vote of 20 to 2, the United 
     States joined other nations in formally censuring the Islamic 
     Republic of Iran for advances in their nuclear program and 
     failure to cooperate with the IAEA;
       Whereas, on June 18, 2024, it was reported that 
     intelligence agencies of the United States and Israel were 
     looking into information that the Islamic Republic of Iran 
     may have developed a computer model that could be used for 
     research and development of nuclear weapons;
       Whereas, on July 23, 2024, the Office of the Director of 
     National Intelligence published an assessment, in accordance 
     with Iran Nuclear Weapons Capability and Terrorism Monitoring 
     Act of 2022 (22 U.S.C. 8701 note; Public Law 117-263), which 
     stated, ``Iran continues to increase the size of its uranium 
     stockpile, increase its enrichment capacity,

[[Page S1433]]

     and develop, manufacture, and operate advanced centrifuges. 
     Tehran has the infrastructure and experience to quickly 
     produce weapons-grade uranium, at multiple facilities'';
       Whereas, on November 28, 2024, the Islamic Republic of Iran 
     informed the IAEA that it planned to start enriching uranium 
     with thousands of advanced centrifuges at its Fordow and 
     Natanz plants, while also installing more uranium-enriching 
     centrifuges at those locations;
       Whereas, on December 5, 2024, the Office of the Director of 
     National Intelligence published another assessment, in 
     accordance with Iran Nuclear Weapons Capability and Terrorism 
     Monitoring Act of 2022 (22 U.S.C. 8701 note; Public Law 117-
     263), which stated--
       (1) ``Iran's 20-percent and 60-percent enriched uranium 
     stockpiles are far greater than needed for what it claims it 
     will use the uranium for and Iran could produce more than a 
     dozen nuclear weapons if its total uranium stockpile were 
     further enriched''; and
       (2) ``Iran probably will consider installing or operating 
     more advanced centrifuges, further increasing its enriched 
     uranium stockpile, enriching uranium up to 90 percent, or 
     threatening to withdraw from the Treaty on the 
     Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons'';
        Whereas, on December 9, 2024, France, Germany, and the 
     United Kingdom released a joint statement that--
       (1) condemns ``Iran's latest steps . . . to expand its 
     nuclear programme to significantly increase the rate of 
     production of uranium enriched up to 60 percent'';
       (2) expresses extreme concern ``to learn that Iran has 
     increased the number of centrifuges in use and started 
     preparations to install additional enrichment 
     infrastructure''; and
       (3) ``strongly urge[s] Iran to reverse these steps, and to 
     immediately halt its nuclear escalation''; and
       Whereas, on February 26, 2025, the IAEA reported that the 
     Islamic Republic of Iran had increased its total stockpile of 
     60 percent highly enriched uranium to 274.8 kilograms (605.83 
     pounds), which, if further enriched, would be sufficient to 
     produce 6 nuclear weapons: Now, therefore, be it
       Resolved, That the Senate--
       (1) affirms that the Islamic Republic of Iran's continued 
     pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability is--
       (A) a credible threat to the United States; and
       (B) an existential threat to Israel and other allies and 
     partners in the Middle East;
       (2) asserts all options should be considered to address the 
     nuclear threat the Islamic Republic of Iran poses to the 
     United States, Israel, and our allies and partners;
       (3) demands the Islamic Republic of Iran to immediately 
     cease engaging in any and all activities that threaten the 
     national security interests of the United States, Israel, and 
     our allies and partners, including--
       (A) enriching uranium;
       (B) developing or possessing delivery vehicles capable of 
     carrying nuclear warheads; and
       (C) developing or possessing a nuclear warhead.

     SEC. 2. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

       Nothing in this resolution may be construed to authorize 
     the use of military force or the introduction of United 
     States Armed Forces into hostilities.

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