[Pages H1345-H1347]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

REPEAL REQUIREMENT FOR CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE TO PREPARE
ANNOTATED CONSTITUTION AND SUPPLEMENTS IN HARDBOUND VERSION

Mrs. BICE. Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill
(H.R. 1234) to direct the Librarian of Congress to promote the more
cost-effective, efficient, and expanded availability of the Annotated
Constitution and pocket-part supplements by replacing the hardbound
versions with digital versions.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The text of the bill is as follows:

H.R. 1234

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. REPEAL REQUIREMENT FOR CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH
SERVICE TO PREPARE ANNOTATED CONSTITUTION AND
SUPPLEMENTS IN HARDBOUND VERSION.

(a) Repeal.--The first section of Public Law 91-589 (2
U.S.C. 168) is amended--
(1) by striking ``the Librarian of Congress'' and inserting
``(a) subject to subsection (b), the Librarian of Congress'';
and
(2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(b)(1) Upon the completion of the October 2031 term of
the Supreme Court and upon the completion of each tenth
October term of the Supreme Court thereafter, the Librarian
of Congress shall have prepared a digital decennial revised
edition of the Constitution Annotated, which shall contain
annotations of all decisions theretofore rendered by the
Supreme Court construing provisions of the Constitution, in
place of the hardbound decennial revised edition of the
Constitution Annotated described in subsection (a)(3).
``(2) Upon the completion of the October 2025 term of the
Supreme Court and upon the completion of each subsequent
October term of the Supreme Court beginning in an odd-
numbered year (the final digit of which is not a 1), the
Librarian shall have prepared a digital cumulative pocket-
part supplement to the most recent decennial revised edition
of the Constitution Annotated, which shall contain cumulative
annotations of all such decisions rendered by the Supreme
Court which were not included in the most recent revised
edition of the Constitution Annotated, in place of the
hardbound editions of the cumulative pocket-part supplement
described in subsection (a)(4).''.
(b) Ensuring Availability of Digital Versions.--Section 2
of Public Law 91-589 (2 U.S.C. 168a) is amended--
(1) by striking ``All hardbound'' and inserting ``(a) All
hardbound''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(b)(1) The digital decennial revised editions of the
Constitution Annotated prepared under subsection (b)(1) of
the first section of this Joint Resolution and the digital
cumulative pocket-part supplements prepared under subsection
(b)(2) of the first section of this Joint Resolution shall be
available at a public website of the Library of Congress.
``(2) The Librarian of Congress shall ensure the continuing
availability of the documents referred to in paragraph (1) to
Congress and the public.''.
(c) Repeal of Additional Printing Requirements.--
(1) Mandatory printing of additional copies.--Section 3 of
Public Law 91-589 (2 U.S.C. 168b) is amended--
(A) by striking ``There shall be printed'' and inserting
``(a) There shall be printed''; and

[[Page H1346]]

(B) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(b) Subsection (a) does not apply after completion of the
October 2025 term of the Supreme Court, and the Librarian of
Congress shall provide the decennial revised editions of the
Constitution Annotated and the cumulative pocket part
supplements prepared under this Joint Resolution exclusively
in a digital format available at a public website of the
Library of Congress.''.
(2) Printing of additional copies pursuant to concurrent
resolution.--Section 4 of Public Law 91-589 (2 U.S.C. 168c)
is repealed.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentlewoman from
Oklahoma (Mrs. Bice) and the gentleman from New York (Mr. Morelle) each
will control 20 minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentlewoman from Oklahoma.

General Leave

Mrs. BICE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members may
have 5 legislative days in which to revise and extend their remarks and
include any extraneous material on this bill.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the
gentlewoman from Oklahoma?
There was no objection.
Mrs. BICE. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Mr. Speaker, this is the Constitution Annotated, or CONAN, as it is
better known today, weighing 8 pounds, 14 ounces.
Its origins date back to 1797 when Congress passed legislation
requiring every Member of Congress to be provided with a copy of the
Constitution. These copies were eventually expanded to include Supreme
Court case citations so that Members could see which clauses of the
Constitution the Court used in deciding cases.
However, as the number of citations grew by hundreds, the copies
became less useful to Members because most had no idea what the cases
were about and what questions were before the Court.
So, in 1921, Congress began requiring reprints of the Constitution to
include explanatory language that would make sense of the case
citations throughout. This format is still used today.
Initially, CONAN was printed every 10 years or so, but by 1970,
Members began to complain that it was outdated almost as soon as it was
printed. They addressed this by requiring that paperbound supplements
to CONAN be printed every 2 years. Since 1972, that is what we have
done: print a hardbound version of CONAN every 10 years and a
paperbound supplement every 2 years.
CONAN obviously has a rich history, dating back over two centuries.
Nothing about H.R. 1234 erases or changes this history.
The Constitution provides the framework for our government, and
understanding that framework and how the Supreme Court has applied it
to its decisions over the years is as essential today as it was 200
years ago.
What has changed, however, is the way people get their information.
Today, most of us rely on digital sources for the most up-to-date
information, whether it is news, airfares, the weather, or Supreme
Court case citations.
According to the GPO, the number of print copies of CONAN requested
in 2012 by the House, Senate, and the Joint Committee on Printing was
just over 1,000. Ten years later, in 2022, the number of requested
copies dropped to just 659.
It is no coincidence that this drop in requests coincides with the
2019 launch of a digital version of CONAN. Over the past 5 years, the
CONAN website has become an invaluable resource to individual citizens,
schools, libraries, and, of course, Congress.
It has received more than 28 million visits since it was created and
features hundreds of pages of constitutional analysis and content. The
site is publicly accessible, easy to search, provides links to Supreme
Court decisions, and, perhaps most importantly, is updated in real time
by the CRS.
All of this raises the question of why are we wasting taxpayer
dollars printing this giant, hardcover version of CONAN, along with the
paperbound supplements, when a superior, digital version already
exists?
According to the CBO, replacing this version of CONAN with a digital
version would reduce the Library of Congress' operating costs by $4
million over the next 4 years.
Eliminating the print requirement will also eliminate inefficient use
of CRS staff time. Requiring CRS staff to spend countless hours
formatting and paginating the print version of CONAN does not support
the work of Congress, nor does it benefit our constituents.
Mr. Speaker, replacing the CONAN print requirement with a digital
requirement is a no-brainer. The digital version provides Members and
other users with the most up-to-date information and constitutional
analysis available at a significant cost savings to taxpayers.
History shows that Congress has consistently taken steps to ensure
that CONAN meets the evolving needs of Members and other users. Passing
H.R. 1234 is a logical next step in maintaining CONAN's relevancy and
usefulness, both to Congress and to the American people.
Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to join me in supporting H.R. 1234.
I urge quick action in the Senate, and I reserve the balance of my
time.
Mr. MORELLE. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 1234. This bill, as has
been indicated, modernizes Congress and improves efficiency by
eliminating the requirement that the Congressional Research Service
print hardbound versions of its Annotated Constitution.

This measure, which I am proud to co-lead, passed by voice vote last
Congress, and I am hopeful it will again today. I will take a moment to
thank my dear friend, the gentlewoman from Oklahoma (Mrs. Bice), who
chairs the Committee of House Administration's Subcommittee on
Modernization and Innovation. I thank her for all of her hard work. It
is always a delight to work with her.
I am sorry, Mr. Speaker, I didn't bring a physical copy of the
Annotated Constitution. I am not sure I could lift it, and I think Mrs.
Bice is stronger than I am.
This mandate to print the Annotated Constitution does come with
significant and unnecessary personnel cost for the Congressional
Research Service. As Mrs. Bice indicated, eliminating it would save us
an estimated $4 million over the next 4 years.
At the Committee on House Administration where I have the privilege
of serving as the ranking member, we spent a significant amount of time
talking about the Supreme Court's decision in Loper Bright v. Raimondo.
That case ended four decades of precedent known as the Chevron
deference, which required courts to defer to reasonable agency
interpretations of ambiguous statutes.
While we may not all agree on the merits of this decision, there is
bipartisan consensus that unless we want the courts deciding every
single open policy question, then we, Congress, have to draft laws that
are far more technical in specificity than we do now. That cannot be
done without major assistance from subject matter experts such as those
at the Congressional Research Service.
To that end, it is my hope that the millions we save from passing
this bill will be promptly reinvested in CRS to enhance its capacity,
an absolutely essential step as Congress continues to work to maintain
our Article I authorities and prerogatives.
Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to support this practical, forward-
thinking legislation. Again, I thank my colleague, Mrs. Bice, for her
leadership, her partnership, and her friendship.

{time} 1630

Mr. Speaker, I consider this a model of bipartisanship. What a great
way to start off the week.
I again say, in the interests of modernization, saving important
taxpayer dollars, and making sure that we are more responsive to the
American people, I urge all of my colleagues to vote in favor of this
legislation. I thank Mrs. Bice again for her bipartisanship, and I
yield back the balance of my time.
Mrs. BICE. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the balance of my time.
I thank the ranking member, Mr. Morelle, for his support and
bipartisanship in coauthoring this legislation with me.
This is an easy win for taxpayers, saving taxpayers $4 million using
a digital versus the current printed version.

[[Page H1347]]

Mr. Speaker, I urge support from my colleagues, and I yield back the
balance of my time.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the motion offered by the
gentlewoman from Oklahoma (Mrs. Bice) that the House suspend the rules
and pass the bill, H.R. 1234.
The question was taken; and (two-thirds being in the affirmative) the
rules were suspended and the bill was passed.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the table.

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