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[House Report 106-73]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
_______________________________________________________________________
106th Congress Report
1st Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 106-73
_______________________________________________________________________
CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET--FISCAL YEAR 2000
__________
R E P O R T
of the
COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
to accompany
H. Con. Res. 68
ESTABLISHING THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET FOR THE UNITED
STATES GOVERNMENT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 AND SETTING
FORTH APPROPRIATE BUDGETARY LEVELS FOR EACH OF
FISCAL YEARS 2001 THROUGH 2009
together with
MINORITY AND ADDITIONAL VIEWS
March 23, 1999.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the
State of the Union and ordered to be printed
C O N T E N T S
----------
Page
Securing the Future: Introduction to the Budget Resolution....... 2
Budgeting and Governing: Historical Background of the Budget..... 8
Toward Long-Term Prosperity: Economic Background and Assumptions
in the Budget Resolution....................................... 12
Function-by-Function Presentation................................ 21
Summary Tables................................................... 43
The Congressional Budget Process................................. 73
Spending Allocations......................................... 73
Committee on Appropriations.............................. 73
Authorizing Committees................................... 74
Safe Deposit Box for Social Security Surpluses............... 80
Reserve Funds................................................ 80
Reconciliation Instructions.................................. 82
Enforcing the Budget Resolution.................................. 84
Statutory Controls Over the Budget............................... 86
Discretionary Spending Limits................................ 86
Pay-As-You-Go Requirements................................... 87
Senses of House and Congress..................................... 88
Rollcall Votes and Other Items Required Under House Rules........ 89
Committee Votes.............................................. 89
Budget Committee Oversight Findings.......................... 99
Oversight Findings and Recommendations of the Committee on
Government Reform.......................................... 99
Miscellaneous Budgetary Information.......................... 100
Establishment of the Statutory Limit on the Public Debt...... 100
Views of Committee Members................................... 100
Appendix--The Concurrent Resolution on the Budget................ 117
106th Congress Report
1st Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 106-73
_______________________________________________________________________
CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET--FISCAL YEAR 2000
_______
March 23, 1999.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the
State of the Union and ordered to be printed
_______
Mr. Kasich, from the Committee on Budget, submitted the following
R E P O R T
together with
MINORITY AND ADDITIONAL VIEWS
[To accompany H. Con. Res. 68]
SECURING THE FUTURE
Introduction to the Budget Resolution
----------
Principles of the Budget Resolution
The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 completed the first step of
an effort to return the Federal Government to its proper role.
It reaffirmed the fundamental principle that the government
should live within its means. It also produced, last year, the
first Federal budget surplus in nearly 3 decades--and did so 4
years ahead of schedule. Chronic deficits have been transformed
into growing surpluses.
The opportunity created by this astonishing turnaround must
not be squandered. The projected budget surpluses should be
used to meet the significant budgetary challenges ahead--such
as the retirement of the 78-million-member baby boom
generation--and promote the Nation's long-term prosperity in
the new century. Therefore, this budget resolution is built on
the following seven principles:
--It locks away the entire Social Security Trust Fund surplus
for our Nation's elderly--almost $1.8 trillion over 10
years to save, strengthen, and preserve Social Security
and, as necessary, Medicare.
--It sets aside $100 billion more than the President's budget
proposal to save, strengthen, and preserve Social Security
and Medicare.
--It creates a ``safe deposit box'' to assure the Social
Security Trust Funds cannot be raided for other spending.
The President's budget, on the other hand, spends $341
billion of the Social Security surplus over 10 years
(including government purchases of stock).
--It pays down $450 billion more debt held by the public than
the President's budget does.
--It maintains the spending discipline of the 1997 Balanced
Budget Act.
--It provides additional resources to properly train, equip,
and retain our men and women in uniform.
--It enacts historic tax relief to return working Americans--
present tax overpayment.
Because budgeting is about governing, the way Congress
budgets now, in an era of surpluses, is just as critical as
reaching a balanced budget was. More important than the size of
the surplus is how Congress uses this opportunity. The late
Professor Aaron Wildavsky put it this way:
It appears that people are concerned solely about the size
of the gap between spending and revenue. The real issue
is different: what kind of government are we going to
have, and therefore what kind of people are we going to
be? Will we balance the budget at much higher levels of
revenue and expenditure, or will we balance it at much
lower levels of revenue and expenditure? \1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Aaron Wildavsky, ``If You Can't Budget, How Can You Govern?''
from Thinking About America: The United States in the 1900s, edited by
Annelise Anderson and Dennis L. Bark.
Professor Wildavsky was talking about deficits, but the
real issue has not changed: what kind of government we are
going to have and therefore what kind of people we are going to
be. The 1997 Balanced Budget Act was coupled with the Taxpayer
Relief Act--a pairing that clearly called for lower taxes and
less government. It is a philosophy that started with President
Reagan, and that has sustained 17 years of growing prosperity,
only modestly interrupted by the recession of 1991 and 1992.
That is why this fiscal year 2000 budget is important--for
both the present and the future. Projected budget surpluses
must not become the pretext for higher levels of spending and
bigger government--reversing the successful formula that was
reaffirmed less than 2 years ago. Building on the success of
the Balanced Budget Act, this budget keeps restraint on
government spending and leverages budget surpluses to help
assure prosperity and security for the future.
The balance of this introduction reflects the fundamental
differences between this budget and the President's spending
plan. The two sections that follow discuss the economic and
governmental foundations of this budget proposal.
Budgeting Surpluses
what the president does
Given budget surpluses, the President raises spending,
raises taxes, and reserves $100 billion less than the
Republican budget for Social Security and Medicare.
His budget for fiscal year 2000 extends taxes at post-World
War II high levels, and collects about $730 billion more in
taxes than the Republican budget. Moreover, the President
proposes about $172 billion in gross tax increases over 10
years, and $1.2 trillion in higher spending. His budget pays
down less debt held by the public than if he had submitted no
budget at all. It creates 120 new government programs. Even as
he claims to be saving funds for Social Security and Medicare,
his budget spends $341 billion of the Social Security surplus
over 10 years (including government stock purchases) (see
Figure 1), and cuts Medicare by $11.9 billion over 5 years.
According to the Congressional Budget Office [CBO], the
President's budget also breaks the Balanced Budget Act [BBA]
spending caps for fiscal year 2000: it proposes $22 billion
more in budget authority and $30 billion more in outlays than
is allowed under current law.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ Congressional Budget Office, An Analysis of the President's
Budgetary Proposals for Fiscal Year 2000: A Preliminary Report, 3 March
1999, p. 6.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In short, the President uses the budget surplus to expand
the size and scope of government.
what our budget does
As noted previously, this budget resolution seeks to
leverage projected surpluses to meet future budget challenges
and to promote the Nation's long-term prosperity. Following the
seven principles described at the outset, the major provisions
of the budget are the following:
--Retirement Security--The budget locks away all of the Social
Security Trust Fund surpluses--payroll taxes and interest--
for the Nation's elderly. The reserved funds--almost $1.8
trillion over 10 years--will be available to save,
strengthen, and preserve Social Security and Medicare. This
is approximately $100 billion more than the $1.68 trillion
the President claims to set aside. This budget also rejects
the President's $11.9 billion in Medicare cuts, including
those he has proposed for certain prescription drugs.
The budget's reserved funds would be held in a ``safe
deposit box,'' which could be used only to repay the public
debt, unless the Chairman of the Budget Committee activated the
``reserve fund'' to allow the funds to be used for Social
Security or Medicare reform.
--Debt Reduction--The budget pays down approximately $1.8
trillion in debt held by the public over 10 years, about
$450 billion more than the President. It would reduce debt
held by the public from more than $3.6 trillion in 1999 to
less than $1.9 trillion in 2009. Under the President's
plan, debt held by the public would exceed $2.3 trillion in
2009.
--Spending Control--The budget maintains the spending
discipline of the bipartisan Balanced Budget Act of 1997.
--National Defense--The budget resolution makes national
defense a priority, providing approximately $290 billion in
discretionary budget authority in fiscal year 2000--an
increase of $14.6 billion in budget authority and $6.8
billion in outlays above BBA levels--giving additional
resources to properly train, equip, and retain our men and
women in uniform.
The U.S. military is facing an unprecedented number of
deployments ordered by the administration, including Iraq,
Bosnia, and possibly Kosovo. The military branches are failing
to meet recruitment goals. Retaining Navy and Air Force pilots
is becoming a serious problem. This budget is designed to
address these concerns. The President, on the other hand, makes
his defense spending increase contingent on enactment of Social
Security reform.
--Tax Relief--Over the next 10 years, Americans will pay
approximately $17 trillion in taxes not counting those for
Social Security. More than $800 billion of these non-Social
Security taxes will be in excess of the government's
projected needs. These are tax overpayments; they should be
returned to taxpayers. (See Figure 2.)
This budget provides for historic tax relief--up to $15
billion in 2000 and about $800 billion over 10 years--to return
working Americans' tax overpayment. The President's budget
proposal raises taxes by $172 billion over 10 years, and calls
for about $730 billion more in taxes than the Republican
budget.
Total Federal revenues consume 20.7 percent of America's
Gross Domestic Product [GDP] this year, and are expected to
match that level during fiscal year 2000. This represents the
highest level of tax revenues since 1944. Tax revenues were
17.8 percent of GDP in 1993, the year President Clinton signed
his $268-billion tax increase. According to the Census Bureau,
Federal income taxes rose from 12.1 percent of the average
family's income in 1992 to 14.9 percent in 1997. Total taxes
cost the average family more than what they spend on food,
shelter, and clothing, according to the Tax Foundation.
Returning taxpayers' overpayment is clearly justified.
--Education--Education is another priority. The budget
resolution provides $22 billion in fiscal year 2000 budget
authority for elementary, secondary, and vocational
education--$1.2 billion more than the President. Among the
key elements:
Special Education--The budget increases Federal funding for
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [IDEA].
It also includes language allowing the Chairman of the
Budget Committee to increase the Appropriations
Committee's allocation to allow more IDEA funding, if
CBO identifies a greater surplus during the year.
Flexibility to Use Additional Funds--The budget provides
States the flexibility to use unspent welfare block
grant funds for education.
Dollars to the Classroom--The budget resolution supports
the goal of assuring that 95 percent of Federal
education dollars reach classrooms.
--Incomes for Rural America--This budget provides the necessary
funding to ensure that real change in the crop insurance
program will occur. The President chose not to address this
issue in his budget. Furthermore, he reduces the Export
Enhancement Program [EEP] by $578 million over 5 years
(according to the administration's figures).
--Veterans--The budget resolution recognizes veterans' health
care as a priority. It provides a $1.1-billion increase in
fiscal year 2000 for veterans' health care. The President
provides a mere $27-million increase.
Conclusion
As noted above, this budget views the Balanced Budget Act
as the first step in addressing long-term budgetary challenges
and securing the Nation's long-term prosperity. Now that budget
surpluses are in hand, Congress should leverage these funds to
help prepare the Nation for the next century.
The seven principles listed at the beginning of this
discussion were developed with that goal in mind. They have
guided the choices and priorities outlined here. Budgeting is
about governing--and the goal of governing, as reflected by
this budget, is to secure America's future.
BUDGETING AND GOVERNING
Historical Background of the Budget
----------
The discussion below briefly examines some of the history
of how today's economic prosperity and budget surpluses were
reached. It is intended to illuminate the philosophical
foundations of the budget resolution.
How We Got Here
the republican approach to budgeting and governing
When the Republican congressional majorities arrived in
January 1995, the Members faced a Federal budget deficit of
$176 billion. The red ink was projected to reach $207 billion
the following year, and continue growing every year after that,
according to the Congressional Budget Office [CBO].3
Even the President's own budget, submitted in February that
year, foresaw deficits of about $200 billion a year every year
as far as the eye could see 4 (see Figure 3).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ Congressional Budget Office, The Economic and Budget Outlook:
Fiscal Years 1996-2000, p. xvi.
\4\ Budget of the United States Government--Fiscal Year 1996:
Historical Tables, p. 14.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Following President Reagan's example of less government
spending and lower taxes, the Republican Congress that took
office at the beginning of 1995 set out not just to restrain
spending and reduce deficits, but actually to balance the
Federal budget. Although advocates brandished an arsenal of
economic projections to justify this goal, American taxpayers
understood it--and staunchly supported it--for a more
fundamental reason: balancing the budget made sense. The
chronic deficit spending of the 1970s and 1980s told
taxpayers--who balance their own checkbooks every month--that
Congress could not handle their money properly. If Congress
could not budget, they came to wonder, then how could Congress
govern?
But balancing the budget was only part of a broader
strategy of governing. The principle--again consistent with
President Reagan's view--involved restoring the power and
influence of the people in their States, communities, and
neighborhoods. It was a philosophy (called Federalism) that
encouraged the Nation to grow from the bottom up, not from
Washington down.
An integral part of this approach was tax relief. Budget
``experts'' in Washington scoffed that balancing the budget and
cutting taxes at the same time was contradictory; and Clinton
administration officials constantly claimed it would ``blow a
hole in the deficit.'' What these critics never understood was
that balancing the budget and cutting taxes were two sides of
the same coin. By enacting both simultaneously, Congress would
empower taxpayers--letting them keep more of their own money--
while the Washington government eased its influence on their
lives. The twin policies worked together toward the same goal.
Moreover, tax reductions assured spending restraint, by
restraining the amount of revenue there was to spend. This
notion, too, was born under the administration of President
Reagan, as Professor Wildavsky explained:
President Reagan thought of budgets as political
instruments . . . If you took the tax money away,
Congress wouldn't have it to spend. Believing the
budget was about political economy, not just economic
economy, the President radically reversed the conventional wisdom,
which held that spending had to be cut before taxes could be
lowered.5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ Aaron Wildavsky,``If You Can't Budget, How Can You Govern?''
from Thinking About America. The United States in the 1990s, edited by
Annelise Anderson and Dennis L. Bark.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
interim gains
Even before the Balanced Budget Act, the success of the
Republican governing strategy became evident through other
measures. One shining example was welfare reform. By 1996, a
number of States--including Wisconsin, Michigan, Virginia, and
California--had begun reforming their welfare policies by
obtaining waivers from federally imposed limitations. Their
welfare recipients began taking responsibility for their own
lives, getting jobs or learning work skills, and quickly
leaving the welfare rolls. In 1995 and 1996, Congress sought to
spread the benefits of State flexibility nationwide, through
the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation
Act--commonly known as welfare reform. Twice Congress sent
welfare reform legislation to the President, and twice he
vetoed it. Finally, on Congress's third attempt, the President
signed the legislation.
The results speak for themselves: welfare rolls have
declined by more than one-third since enactment of the law, and
States have amassed about $6 billion in unspent welfare block
grant funds. All this occurred because States were empowered to
tailor their welfare programs to the needs of their
populations, and to expect a degree of personal responsibility
on the part of those receiving public assistance.
A second demonstration of State and local initiative has
occurred in education. States and localities have taken the
lead in pushing reforms. Some now let students transfer out of
low-performing schools, or allow State governments to take over
failing schools. Forty-three States are drafting new reading
and math tests, and 28 are developing history and science
tests. Thirty-five States have joined a consortium that,
beginning in 2003, will test and license new teachers, and 21
States already have adopted standards that new teachers have to
meet to earn licenses. Thirty-four States have passed charter
school laws; there are now 1,128 charter schools, serving more
than 250,000 students; and 157 more charter schools had been
approved as of October 1998. Thirty-six States will publish
annual report cards on individual schools this year, or require
schools or districts to do so; 13 States require report cards
to be sent home to parents. Twenty-six States have halted
``social promotion.''
Although Federal education dollars fund approximately 7
percent of total State education spending, it takes an average
of more than half of each State's education department staff to
administer the funds. The Republican Congress has sought to
improve education by lessening the States' administrative
burden and encouraging the State and local initiatives already
under way. Congress has expanded ``Ed-Flex,'' so that all 50
States can waive Federal education regulations and better use
Federal aid to address local education priorities. House
Members have introduced legislation (H.R. 2) to encourage an
increase in the Federal dollars going directly to classrooms
and relax public bond regulations so State and local
governments can have greater flexibility and lower costs to
construct and renovate their schools. Senators Coverdell and
Torricelli and Representative Hulshof have reintroduced
legislation letting families and relatives, as well as
companies and private foundations, invest up to $2,000 a year
in after-tax money into ``education savings accounts.''
Welfare and education are only two areas in which the
``bottom-up,'' Federalist approach has proved successful. But
they help demonstrate why this budget resolution seeks to
continue promoting State and local innovation in these and
other areas.
getting to the balanced budget law
Congress suffered 2 years of demagoguery and game-playing
by the Clinton administration before the President accepted the
inevitability of the Republican approach. In the spring of
1997, he finally joined Congress in developing a balanced-
budget tax-reduction plan. The budget blueprint was agreed to
in May. In August--4 years after enactment of the Clinton tax
increase--Congress passed, and the President signed, the twin
bills completing the course correction in governing that
President Reagan had started. The two historic bills were the
Balanced Budget Act of 1997, and the Taxpayer Relief Act of
1997--enacted in tandem, as had been intended.
The Republican budget strategy clearly has been successful.
It sustained and reinforced the economic gains Americans now
enjoy--gains that were driven, as they always are, by the
positive response of working families and entrepreneurs and
investors. The Nation's working people have built an economy
that keeps growing, and that keeps defying the ``experts.''
The coupling of spending restraint and tax reduction
yielded a balanced budget within a single year, 4 years ahead
of schedule. The official forecasters in both the
administration and Congress at first failed to predict the
budget surplus, and then underestimated it by amounts in the
$100-billion range. They still haven't figured out why tax
revenues keep pouring in at higher-than-expected rates. But
chronic budget deficits have been transformed into growing
budget surpluses.
Again, this is only 4 years after President Clinton
predicted budget deficits of $200 billion a year or more as far
as the eye could see.
TOWARD LONG-TERM PROSPERITY
Economic Background and Assumptions of the Budget Resolution
----------
The Republican Economy
Three factors have stood out in promoting the economic
stability that now exists in the United States: low inflation,
declining interest rates, and technology.
According to economist Lawrence A. Kudlow, declining
inflation has had a pervasive tax cut effect throughout the
economy, boosting real incomes. Today's low inflation is, in
fact, the product of a long-term effort that began with the
Reagan administration. President Reagan recognized that high
inflation punished everyone, and he vowed to reverse the
inflationary trend that he inherited when he took office in
1981. Economists long have known that price stability is a
necessary foundation for a growing economy.
So are low interest rates. Long-term interest rates have
declined from 7.8 percent in January 1995, when the Republican
majorities in Congress took office, to approximately 5.0
percent now (see Figure 4). ``It has been that decline [in
long-term interest rates] which perhaps more than anything else
in our economy has been the factor which has been driving this
really quite extraordinary . . . economic expansion,'' says
Alan Greenspan, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ Testimony to the House Banking and Financial Services
Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy, 24 February
1998.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chairman Greenspan also has credited this decline largely
to Congress's determined effort to balance the Federal budget.
He often advised Congress that financial markets would respond
favorably to credible deficit reduction. As the return to a
balanced budget was nearing reality, Chairman Greenspan said:
``A substantial part . . . of the very considerable decline in
long-term interest rates has been a function of the decline in
the budget deficit, because it's removed pressures of the
Federal Government's borrowing from the marketplace.''
7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\ Testimony to the House Banking and Financial Services
Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy, 24 February
1998.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The nearly 3-percentage-point decline in interest rates
since the beginning of 1995 has had real benefits for working
families. It has saved the average family $65,400 on their
mortgage, $1,862 on a college loan, and $1,169 on a modest car
(see Figure 5). These savings are tantamount to an across-the-
board tax cut.
This is the reverse of what happened with President
Clinton's 1993 tax bill. A year after his tax increase was
enacted, interest rates had moved up about 2.5 percentage
points and the trend of real economic growth slowed. Interest
rates peaked on November 7, 1994.
The next day, the Nation's voters set a new direction. On
November 8, 1994, voters rejected the failing Clinton-Democrat
strategy of high taxes and regulation, and installed Republican
majorities in the House and Senate.
By this time, even the President--who had promised to focus
on the economy ``like a laser''--recognized his 1993 package
was not working as planned. His fiscal year 1996 budget
(submitted in February 1995) said in part:
For 1995 as a whole, real GDP growth is expected to average
2.4 percent, well below the 3.6 percent rate assumed
for the previous year. The economy is then projected to
settle in on the potential rate of real output growth
of 2\1/2\ percent in 1996 and beyond. As real GDP
growth slows during 1995, the unemployment rate is
forecast to edge up . . .8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ Budget of the United States Government: Fiscal Year 1996--
Analytical Perspectives, p. 4.
But the arrival of the Republican congressional majorities
was greeted by a decline in interest rates that has continued,
almost uninterrupted, to this day. The effect was no accident.
Republicans had campaigned on a pledge to balance the budget
and ease the tax burden. As noted above, Fed Chairman Greenspan
had predicted that credible spending restraint would be
rewarded with falling interest rates. It was.
Further, as interest rates declined, economic growth picked
up. Far from ``settling in'' at 2.5 percent, as the President
predicted, real Gross Domestic Product [GDP] grew (4th quarter
to 4th quarter) 3.9 percent in 1996, 3.8 percent in 1997, and
4.3 percent in 1998. Unemployment has tumbled from 5.6 percent
in 1995 to 4.3 percent at the end of last year.
One way to assess the economic effects of different budget
policies is to compare major indicators during the 1993-1995
period--which was solely governed by the Clinton-Democrat
approach--and during the period since Republicans took control
of Congress in January 1995. Some examples (see Figure 6):
--Real GDP grew 2.7 percent in the 1993-1995 period, but
increased 3.75 percent from 1995 through 1998.
--Real per-capita GDP increased 1.68 percent in 1993 through
1995, but 2.82 percent for 1995 through 1998.
--Labor productivity picked up a mere 0.33 percent in 1993-
1995, but gained 2.2 percent in 1995-1998.
--Real wages actually declined 0.57 percent in 1993-1995, but
grew 1.53 percent in 1995-1998.
Part of a Longstanding Trend
Such economic performance grew not from one Congress or one
Federal budget, but from President Reagan's basic philosophy
about governing--a framework of economic expansion coupled with
spending restraint by the Federal Government.
According to Mr. Kudlow, the Reagan philosophy has produced
the longest continuous prosperity of the 20th century. It
began, Mr. Kudlow says, in 1982, and was only slowed by a
shallow recession in 1990-91; and it has triumphed despite 6
years of the Clinton administration's attempts to raise taxes
and expand government.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ Lawrence A. Kudlow, ``The Road to 10000,'' The Wall Street
Journal, 16 March 1999.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In this 17-year stretch, according to Kudlow, the economy
has experienced the following:
--The second longest stock market boom this century.
--Thirty-nine million new jobs, and 11 million new business
startups.
--Economic growth at 3.2 percent yearly, and corporate profit
growth of 6 percent yearly.
--The creation of $25.7 trillion in new household wealth.
This dynamic economic growth, says Mr. Kudlow, thrived in
Reagan-era policies that inspired risk-taking and
entrepreneurship `` all based on the premise of freedom.
--Inflation has been brought to nearly zero today. The
Greenspan policy of disinflation has neutralized the
Clinton tax increases.
--Low inflation and lowered capital gains have led to an
information technology explosion--fueling even more
productivity, growth, and wealth creation.
--Nearly half of all Americans own at least $5,000 worth of
stock, bonds, or mutual funds.
The Meaning of Economic Growth
It is important to understand, however, why economic growth
is necessary. It is not a matter simply of producing better
numbers and higher dollar amounts. It is fundamental to
sustaining a free, democratic system.
American families treasure their ability to improve their
conditions through their own efforts. This is the foundation of
the work ethic on which America has been built, and on which it
continues to prosper. This can only occur in a climate of
economic growth.
Such a climate also is necessary to maintain support for
the democratic system. Michael Novak explains as follows:
A democratic system depends for its legitimacy . . .
upon a sense of equal opportunity. Such legitimacy
flows from the belief of all individuals that they can
better their condition. This belief can be realized
only under the conditions of economic growth. Liberty
requires expanse and openness.10
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\ Michael Novak, ``The Spirit of Capitalism.''
Economic growth is not just about numbers. It is about the
values on which America and its people thrive.
Review of Economic Developments in 1998
The economy in 1998 continued to perform on a path of high
growth and low inflation, despite severe economic downturns
abroad, and global financial market turmoil. Real GDP growth
again grew about 4 percent, for the third successive year. The
unemployment rate is the lowest in 28 years, with 2 and 3/4
million jobs created in 1998. Inflation fell to its lowest
levels in several decades. Real compensation also grew,
supported by labor productivity gains, which partly reflects
the investment boom of the past few years. Budget surpluses for
fiscal year 1998 allowed $51 billion in the debt held by the
public to be reduced for the first time in a generation.
Official budget forecasts now predict surpluses.
Consumer spending benefitted from robust growth in real
incomes, employment, and increased wealth.
Sound fiscal and monetary policies contributed to the good
results. Fiscal restraint by the Federal Government allowed the
Fed to maintain low interest rates. Labor markets continue to
improve, to a monthly unemployment rate of 4.4 percent at the
end of 1998, the lowest in a quarter century. This is
substantially lower than even the 4.9 percent rate in 1997.
Contrary to expectations, inflation remained under control.
The Consumer Price Index [CPI] increased only 1.6 percent in
1998, the lowest in 30 years and half of its pace in 1996.
Several factors of the past few years have contributed,
including: continued price drops for computers, strength of the
dollar, and a continued sharp slowdown in medical care costs.
Housing also has benefitted from the improved economic
environment. Strong household income gains, high levels of
consumer confidence, and home mortgage rates among the lowest
in the last 30 years have lead to record home ownership rate,
highest since tabulations started 34 years ago. Sales of new
homes are nearly the highest since record keeping started in
1963. Yet prices have picked up only slightly.
Summary of CBO Economic Forecast Through 2009
CBO projects real economic growth of 2.3 percent in 1999
and 1.7 percent in 2000, with the trend then turning toward
CBO's projected potential growth rate of the economy. Table 1
compares the forecasts of CBO with OMB and the Blue Chip's
latest forecasts. As shown, CBO is well below private-sector
forecasts.
Typically, as expansions continue, imbalances and
weaknesses occur that lead to downturns. Most analysts, and CBO
agrees, that there are no obvious signs of imbalance. CBO
increased its estimate of labor productivity to an average of
1.8 percent over 1999-2009, much higher than the measured rate
since 1973 of 1.1 percent. About half of the difference is due
to the increase in capital stock from the investment boom of
the past few years.
After 2001, CBO projects the economy will grow between 2.1
percent and 2.4 percent, adjusted for inflation. Also, CBO's
long-term projections assume that the Fed will pursue a low-
inflation environment that supports a rate of economic growth
close to its long-term potential.
On income shares (the projected distribution of income
among various categories), which are taxed at different rates
and so affect calculations of budget forecasts of surpluses,
CBO expects that the total share in output of taxable income
will decline. CBO accounts for the difference in measured
incomes compared to output in part by assuming that incomes
will grow slower than total output. CBO also assumes that the
average share of taxable income should be lower, as it
typically is in a recession. Finally, the large growth in
capital stock from the boom in investment in the last four
years should increase depreciation which is not taxed.
Comparison of Forecasts
The CBO economic forecast is typically compared with the
administration's Office of Management and Budget [OMB] and the
Blue Chip Consensus Forecasts [Blue Chip], an average of 50
private forecasts. In the past 2 years, the Blue Chip has been
more optimistic than both CBO and OMB.
In the long term projections, both CBO and OMB project that
the economy will return to a long-term trend that is about 2.4
percent for both, with a slight increase in inflation,
unchanged from their summer forecasts.
TABLE 1.--COMPARISON OF ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS
[Calendar years 1999-2004]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Forecast Projected
Actual -----------------------------------------------------
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Real GDP (percent year over year):
House Budget Committee (HBC)................. 3.9 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4
CBO.......................................... ....... 2.3 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4
OMB.......................................... ....... 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.4
Blue Chip.................................... ....... 3.3 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6
GDP Price Index (percent year over year):
CBO and HBC.................................. 1.0 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
OMB.......................................... ....... 1.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Blue Chip.................................... ....... 1.3 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2
Consumer Price Inflation (percent year over
year):
CBO and HBC.................................. 1.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6
OMB.......................................... ....... 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3
Blue Chip.................................... ....... 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Unemployment Rate (annual rate):
CBO and HBC.................................. 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.7
OMB.......................................... ....... 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3
Blue Chip.................................... ....... 4.4 4.6 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1
3-month Treasury Bills rate (annual rate):
CBO and HBC.................................. 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
OMB.......................................... ....... 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4
Blue Chip.................................... ....... 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.7
10-year Treasury Note rate (annual rate):
CBO and HBC.................................. 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4
OMB.......................................... ....... 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4
Blue Chip.................................... ....... 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.5
Corporate (Economic) Profits (percent of GDP):
CBO and HBC.................................. 9.7 9.2 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.6
OMB.......................................... ....... 9.3 9.0 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9
Wage and Salary (percent of GDP):
CBO and HBC.................................. 48.8 49.3 49.7 49.5 49.3 49.2 49.1
OMB.......................................... ....... 49.2 49.2 49.1 48.9 48.8 48.8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sources: CBO, OMB, Blue Chip Economic Indicators (March 10, 1999).
Economic Assumptions of the Budget Resolution
Economic growth figures in the forecast period do not
reflect the improvement in the economy since the forecasts were
made. Economic statistics available since these official
forecasts show the economy maintaining its high growth with a
low inflation path. Consequently, most forecasts have been
revised upward. CBO's forecast is now substantially below other
forecasts for 1999 and 2000. The Blue Chip forecasts, for
example, show much bigger improvements in real GDP, by 1.0
percent for 1999 and 0.5 percent for 2000.
At the March 3 hearing before the Budget Committee, the
Director of the Congressional Budget Office was asked whether
the surplus for fiscal year 2000 might be larger than currently
projected. His response was ``yes.''
In the past, when there have been particularly large
deviations from the official forecasts due to new data, the
Committee has applied appropriate updates. Therefore, the
budget resolution assumptions below have been modified to
prudently reflect a slightly stronger near-term economy than
CBO--by 0.1 percentage points for 1999 and 0.3 percentage
points for 2000. This results in a slightly higher level of
revenues, totaling about $10 billion over the three years from
1999 to 2001.
These changes are relatively minor, and are small compared
to the typical revision between forecasts. The resolution
retains CBO's forecast with regard to other variables, and also
retains CBO's long-term projections.
TABLE 2.--ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS OF THE BUDGET RESOLUTION
[Calendar years 1999--2009]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Real GDP (percent year over year)............................... 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3
GDP Price Index (percent year over year)........................ 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Consumer Price Inflation (percent year over year)............... 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6
Unemployment Rate (annual rate)................................. 4.6 5.1 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7
3-month Treasury Bills rate (annual rate)....................... 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
10-year Treasury Note rate (annual rate)........................ 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4
Corporate Profits Income Share (percent of GDP)................. 9.2 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2
Wage and Salary Income Share (percent of GDP)................... 49.3 49.7 49.5 49.3 49.2 49.1 49.1 49.1 49.1 49.1 49.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FUNCTION-BY-FUNCTION PRESENTATION
----------
Please note the following:
--In the tables accompanying these functional presentations,
numbers may not add due to rounding.
--Because the fiscal year 2000 budget will be in balance
without counting Social Security, the functional totals
shown exclude Social Security revenues and benefit
payments, as well as other amounts designated as ``off
budget.''
Function 050: National Defense
----------
function summary
The National Defense function includes funds to develop,
maintain, and equip the military forces of the United States.
Roughly 95 percent of the funding in this function goes to
Department of Defense-Military Activities, including funds for
ballistic missile defense. That component also includes pay and
benefits for military and civilian personnel; research,
development, testing, and evaluation; procurement of weapons
systems; military construction and family housing; and
operations and maintenance of the defense establishment. The
remaining funding in the function goes toward atomic energy
defense activities of the Department of Energy, and other
defense-related activities.
summary of committee-reported resolution
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$290.0 billion in budget authority [BA] and $275.8 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $3,210.6 billion in BA and
$3,059.9 billion in outlays over 10 years. Mandatory spending
would be -$1.2 billion in BA and outlays in fiscal year 2000,
and -$10.0 billion in BA and -$10.1 billion in outlays over 10
years.
Function 050: National Defense
[in billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 288.8 1,546.1 3,200.7
Outlays.......................... 274.6 1,469.3 3,049.9
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 150: International Affairs
----------
function summary
Funds distributed through the International Affairs
function provide for international development and humanitarian
assistance; international security assistance; the conduct of
foreign affairs; foreign information and exchange activities;
and international financial programs. The major departments and
agencies in this function include the Department of State, the
Department of the Treasury, and the Agency for International
Development.
summary of committee-reported resolution
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$16.4 billion in budget authority [BA] and $18.1 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year spending totals are
$155.4 billion in BA and $165.8 billion in outlays. Mandatory
spending in this function would be -$5.2 billion in BA and
-$3.7 billion in outlays in fiscal year 2000, and -$29.2
billion in BA and -$32.7 billion in outlays over 10 years.
FUNCTION 150: INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 11.2 56.7 126.2
Outlays.......................... 14.5 70.9 133.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 250: General Science, Space, and Technology
----------
function summary
The General Science, Space, and Technology function
consists of funds in two major categories: general science and
basic research, and space flight, research, and supporting
activities. The general science component includes the budgets
for the National Science Foundation [NSF], and the high-energy
and nuclear physics research programs of the Department of
Energy [DOE]. But the largest component of the function--about
71 percent of its total outlays--is for space flight, research,
and supporting activities of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration [NASA] (except for NASA's air transportation
programs, which are included in Function 400).
summary of committee-reported resolution
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$17.9 billion in budget authority [BA] and $18.2 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year spending totals are
$179.0 billion in BA and $177.7 billion in outlays. Mandatory
spending in this function would be $100 million in BA and
outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $200 million in BA and $300
million in outlays over 10 years.
FUNCTION 250: GENERAL SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 18.0 89.6 179.1
Outlays.......................... 18.2 89.6 178.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 270: Energy
----------
function summary
The Energy function reflects the civilian activities in the
Department of Energy. Through this function, spending is
provided for energy supply programs; rural electricity and
telecommunications loans, administered through the Department
of Agriculture; electric power generation and transmission
programs for the three Power Marketing Administrations; and
power generation and transmission programs of the Tennessee
Valley Authority [TVA]. The function also provides funds for
energy conservation programs; emergency energy preparedness;
and energy information, policy, and regulation programs, and
the operations of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which
oversees the nuclear power industry.
summary of committee-reported resolution
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$1.8 billion in budget authority [BA] and $2.6 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $17.5 billion in BA and $18.7
billion in outlays over 10 years. Mandatory spending in this
function would be -$1.8 billion in BA and -$3.2 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000, and -$21.1 billion in BA and
-$33.1 billion in outlays over 10 years.
FUNCTION 270: ENERGY
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 0.0 -2.0 -3.7
Outlays.......................... -0.7 -7.5 -14.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 300: Natural Resources and Environment
----------
FUNCTION SUMMARY
Funds distributed through the Natural Resources and
Environment function are intended to develop, manage, and
maintain the Nation's natural resources, and to promote a clean
environment. Funding is provided for water resources,
conservation and land management, recreational resources,
pollution control and abatement, and other natural resources.
The major departments and agencies in this function are the
Department of the Interior, including the National Park
Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the Bureau of
Reclamation, and the Fish and Wildlife Service; certain
agencies in the Department of Agriculture, including
principally the Forest Service; the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration [NOAA], in the Department of
Commerce; the Army Corps of Engineers; and the Environmental
Protection Agency.
summary of committee-reported resolution
The Budget Committee recognizes the importance of
stewardship and management of our National Wildlife Refuges,
National Forests, National Parks, and Bureau of Land Management
Lands, and for continued permanent protection of land, water,
and recreational opportunities through the Land and Water
Conservation Fund. In addition, the budget resolution assumes
that the program of Pacific Northwest salmon recovery ought to
be made a high priority item as the appropriate committees in
Congress create their priorities.
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$22.0 billion in budget authority [BA] and $21.9 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year spending totals are
$226.8 billion in BA and $224.8 billion in outlays. Mandatory
spending in this function would be $800 million in BA and
outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $5.6 billion in BA and $5.0
billion in outlays over 10 years.
FUNCTION 300: NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
[In billions of dollars)]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 22.8 113.7 232.2
Outlays.......................... 22.6 112.1 229.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 350: Agriculture
----------
function summary
The Agriculture function includes funds for direct
assistance and loans to food and fiber producers, export
assistance, market information and inspection services, and
agricultural research and services.
summary of committee-reported resolution
It is the intent of the Budget Committee that Function 350
allow for the implementation of a new, comprehensive, flexible
crop insurance program for all geographic regions of the
country. To assist in reforming the current crop insurance
program, the budget resolution provides $6 billion in mandatory
spending through fiscal year 2004. The Budget Committee will
work with the Agriculture Committee to ensure the crop
insurance program fits within the budget.
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$3.9 billion in budget authority [BA] and $4.0 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year spending totals are
$36.5 billion in BA and $36.7 billion in outlays. Mandatory
spending in this function would be $10.4 billion in BA and $9.1
billion in outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $80.3 billion in BA
and $65.0 billion in outlays over 10 years.
FUNCTION 350: AGRICULTURE
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 14.3 63.7 117.3
Outlays.......................... 13.2 55.3 101.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 370: Commerce and Housing Credit
----------
function summary
The mortgage credit component of this function includes
housing assistance through the Federal Housing Administration
[FHA], and rural housing programs of the Department of
Agriculture. The function includes net postal service spending
and spending for deposit insurance activities related to banks,
thrifts, and credit unions. Also included is funding for the
Commerce Department's National Institute of Standards and
Technology, including the Advanced Technology Program [ATP] and
the Manufacturing Extension Program [MEP]; the National
Telecommunications and Information Administration; the Bureau
of the Census; and independent agencies such as the Securities
and Exchange Commission, the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission, and the Federal Communications Commission.
summary of committee-reported resolution
For on-budget discretionary spending, the budget resolution
calls for $3.7 billion in budget authority [BA] and $3.9
billion in outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year spending
totals are $21.1 billion in BA and $20.9 billion in outlays.
On-budget mandatory spending in this function would be $6.1
billion in BA and $600 million in outlays in fiscal year 2000,
and $106.2 billion in BA and $65.5 billion in outlays over 10
years.
(Please note: because the budget now is balanced without
counting Social Security, the figures below reflect totals
excluding Social Security revenues and benefits, as well as
other amounts designated as ``off budget.'')
FUNCTION 370: COMMERCE AND HOUSING CREDIT (on-budget)
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 9.9 63.4 127.4
Outlays.......................... 4.5 41.8 86.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 400: Transportation
----------
function summary
This function supports all major Federal transportation
programs. About two-thirds of the funding provided here is for
ground transportation programs. This includes the Federal-aid
highway program, and mass transit operating and capital
assistance. Also under ground transportation are rail
transportation through the National Rail Passenger Corporation
[Amtrak], and high-speed rail and rail safety programs.
Additional components of this function are air transportation,
including the Federal Aviation Administration [FAA] airport
improvement program, the facilities and equipment program, and
the operation of the air traffic control system; water
transportation through the Coast Guard and the Maritime
Administration; and other transportation support activities.
Funds for air transportation programs under the auspices of
NASA are distributed through this function as well.
summary of committee-reported resolution
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$12.2 billion in budget authority [BA] and $43.4 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year spending totals are
$113.8 billion in BA and $445.5 billion in outlays. Mandatory
spending in this function would be $39.5 billion in BA and $2.4
billion in outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $406.0 billion in
BA and $18.6 billion in outlays over 10 years.
FUNCTION 400: TRANSPORTATION
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 51.8 258.2 520.0
Outlays.......................... 45.8 233.9 464.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 450: Community and Regional Development
----------
function summary
The Community and Regional Development function reflects
programs that provide Federal funding for economic and
community development in both urban and rural areas. Funding
for disaster relief and insurance--including activities of the
Federal Emergency Management Agency--also are provided in this
function.
summary of committee-reported resolution
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$7.4 billion in budget authority [BA] and $11.1 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year spending totals are
$57.4 billion in BA and $66.1 billion in outlays. Mandatory
spending in this function would be $0 in BA and -$500 million
in outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $0 in BA and -$5.5 billion
in outlays over 10 years.
FUNCTION 450: COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 7.4 29.3 57.3
Outlays.......................... 10.7 38.4 60.7
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 500: Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services
----------
function summary
Roughly one-third of the funding in the Education,
Training, Employment, and Social Services function is for
Federal programs in elementary, secondary, and vocational
education.
Also shown here are funds for higher education programs,
accounting for about 21 percent of the function's spending;
research and general education aids, including the National
Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the
Humanities; training and employment services; other labor
services; and grants to States for general social services and
rehabilitation services, such as the Social Services Block
Grant and vocational rehabilitation.
summary of committee-reported resolution
subfunction 501: elementary and secondary education
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$22.0 billion in budget authority [BA] and $20.1 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $257.9 billion in BA and
$248.9 billion in outlays over 10 years. There is no mandatory
spending in this subfunction.
The $22 billion in fiscal year 2000 budget authority for
elementary, secondary, and vocational education is $1.2 billion
more than the President's request for fiscal year 2000.
SUBFUNCTION 501: EDUCATION
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 22.0 123.4 257.9
Outlays.......................... 20.1 114.8 248.9
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Among the key elements in the resolutions assumptions are
the following:
The Committee considers special education of the highest
priority among Federal education programs. The Federal
Government has mandated that all children with disabilities
have access to a free and appropriate public education.
Although the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [IDEA]
authorized the Federal Government to provide 40 percent of the
average per-pupil expenditure for children with disabilities,
IDEA has not received full funding at its authorized levels. To
relieve the enormous burden this unfunded mandate places on
local schools, the Committee supports increased funding for
IDEA. Furthermore, the Committee believes that before the
Federal Government pursues new spending initiatives, it should
strive to meet its current commitment to help local communities
fund special education.
The budget provides States the flexibility to use unspent
welfare block grant funds (from Function 600) for education.
The budget resolution also includes Sense of the House language
supporting a requirement that 95 percent of Federal elementary
and secondary education funds reach classrooms.
summary of committee-reported resolution
subfunctions 502-506: training, employment, and social services
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$28.1 billion in budget authority [BA] and $28.2 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $261.9 billion in BA and
$259.0 billion in outlays over 10 years. Mandatory spending in
this function would be $15.2 billion in BA and $15.3 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $177.2 billion in BA and
$173.6 billion in outlays over 10 years.
SUBFUNCTIONS 502-506: TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT, AND SOCIAL SERVICES
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 43.3 211.6 438.6
Outlays.......................... 43.5 210.5 432.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 550: Health
----------
function summary
The Health function consists of health care services,
including Medicaid, the Nation's major program covering medical
and long-term care costs for low-income persons; health
research and training; and consumer and occupational health and
safety. Medicaid represents about 88 percent of the spending in
this function.
summary of committee-reported resolution
The budget resolution assumes that the current authority
for the Federal Government to recoup monies from the States'
tobacco settlement will be overturned.
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$29.3 billion in budget authority [BA] and $28.3 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year spending totals are
$271.7 billion in BA and $267.1 billion in outlays. Mandatory
spending in this function would be $126.9 billion in BA and
$124.7 billion in outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $1,842.7
billion in BA and $1,841.5 billion in outlays over 10 years.
FUNCTION 550: HEALTH
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 156.2 876.2 2,114.4
Outlays.......................... 153.0 873.0 2,108.7
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 570: Medicare
----------
function summary
This budget function reflects the Medicare Part A Hospital
Insurance [HI] Program, Part B Supplementary Medical Insurance
[SMI] Program, and premiums paid by qualified aged and disabled
beneficiaries. It also includes the ``Medicare+Choice''
Program, which covers Part A and Part B benefits and allows
beneficiaries to choose certain private health insurance plans.
Medicare+Choice plans may include health maintenance
organizations, preferred provider organizations, provider-
sponsored organizations, medical savings accounts (up to
390,000 covered individuals), and private fee-for-service
plans. Such plans may add benefits and cover premiums,
copayments, and deductibles required by the traditional
Medicare Program.
summary of committee-reported resolution
The budget resolution rejects the President's $11.9 billion
in Medicare cuts, including those he has proposed for certain
prescription drugs.
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$3.0 billion in budget authority [BA] and outlays in fiscal
year 2000, and $30.0 billion in BA and outlays over 10 years.
Mandatory spending in this function would be $205.7 billion in
BA and outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $2,850.6 billion in BA
and $2,850.3 billion in outlays over 10 years.
FUNCTION 570: MEDICARE
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 208.7 1,180.7 2,880.4
Outlays.......................... 208.7 1,180.8 2,880.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 600: Income Security
function summary
The Income Security function covers most of the Federal
Government's income support programs. The function includes
general retirement and disability insurance (excluding Social
Security)--mainly through the Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation [PBGC]--and benefits to railroad retirees. Other
components are Federal employee retirement and disability
benefits (including military retirees); unemployment
compensation; low-income housing assistance; food and nutrition
assistance; and other income security programs. This last
category includes Temporary Assistance to Needy Families
[TANF], the government's principal welfare program;
Supplemental Security Income [SSI]; and spending for the
refundable portion of the Earned Income Credit [EIC]. Agencies
involved in these programs include the Departments of
Agriculture, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban
Development, and Education; the Social Security Administration
(for SSI); and the Office of Personnel Management (for Federal
retirement benefits).
summary of committee-reported resolution
As noted under subfunction 501, the budget resolution
assumes that States will be granted flexibility to use a
portion of unspent TANF block grant funds for education.
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$28.7 billion in budget authority [BA] and $39.4 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year spending totals are
$339.3 billion in BA and $399.3 billion in outlays. Mandatory
spending in this function would be $215.7 billion in BA and
$208.7 billion in outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $2,553.4
billion in BA and $2,512.5 billion in outlays over 10 years.
FUNCTION 600: INCOME SECURITY
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 244.4 1,320.8 2,892.8
Outlays.......................... 248.1 1,335.3 2,911.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 650: Social Security
function summary
Function 650 consists of the Social Security Program, or
Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance [OASDI]. Under
provisions of the Budget Enforcement Act, Social Security trust
funds are ``off-budget.'' Nevertheless, the administrative
expenses of the Social Security Administration [SSA], which
manages the program, are on-budget. Social Security is the
largest budget function in terms of total outlays, and provides
funds for the government's largest entitlement program; but the
``on-budget'' totals `` the ones reflected below--are
relatively small.
summary of committee-reported resolution
For on-budget discretionary spending, the budget resolution
calls for $3.2 billion in budget authority [BA] and $3.3
billion in outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year on-budget
totals are $32.0 billion in BA and $31.2 billion in outlays.
On-budget mandatory spending in this function would be $11.1
billion in BA and outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $145.3
billion in BA and outlays over 10 years.
(Please note: Because the budget is balanced without
counting Social Security, the figures below reflect totals
excluding Social Security revenues and benefits.)
FUNCTION 650: SOCIAL SECURITY (on-budget)
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 14.2 77.0 177.0
Outlays.......................... 14.3 77.1 177.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 700: Veterans Benefits and Services
----------
function summary
The Veterans Benefits and Services function reflects
funding for the Department of Veterans Affairs [VA], which
provides benefits to veterans who meet various eligibility
rules. Benefits range from income security for veterans;
veterans education, training, and rehabilitation services; and
hospital and medical care for veterans. There are about 25.6
million veterans and more than 40 million members of their
families.
summary of committee-reported resolution
The budget provides a $1.1 billion-increase in fiscal year
2000 for veterans' health care. The Budget Committee believe
veterans' health care should be a priority during fiscal year
2000.
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$20.2 billion in budget authority [BA] and $20.4 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year spending totals are
$190.9 billion in BA and $191.3 billion in outlays. Mandatory
spending in this function would be $24.5 billion in BA and
$24.6 billion in outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $276.3
billion in BA and $278.9 billion in outlays over 10 years.
FUNCTION 700: VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 44.7 225.8 467.3
Outlays.......................... 45.1 228.3 470.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 750: Administration of Justice
----------
function summary
The first component of the Administration of Justice
function consists of funding for Federal law enforcement
activities. This includes criminal investigations by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI] and the Drug Enforcement
Administration [DEA], and border enforcement and the control of
illegal immigration by the Customs Service and Immigration and
Naturalization Service [INS]. Also funded through this function
are the Federal courts; Federal prison construction; and
criminal justice assistance.
summary of committee-reported resolution
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$23.1 billion in budget authority [BA] and $25.1 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year spending totals are
$242.3 billion in BA and $245.3 billion in outlays. Mandatory
spending in this function would be $300 million in BA and $200
million in outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $13.2 billion in BA
and $12.1 billion in outlays over 10 years.
FUNCTION 750: ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 23.4 123.6 255.7
Outlays.......................... 25.3 125.8 257.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 800: General Government
----------
function summary
The General Government function consists of the activities
of the Legislative Branch; the Executive Office of the
President; general tax collection and fiscal operations of the
Department of Treasury (including the Internal Revenue
Service); the property and personnel costs of the General
Services Administration and the Office of Personnel Management;
general purpose fiscal assistance to States, localities, the
District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; and other general
government activities. The Internal Revenue Service accounts
for about half of the spending in this function.
summary of committee-reported resolution
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
$11.4 billion in budget authority [BA] and $12.3 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year spending totals are
$111.2 billion in BA and $112.1 billion in outlays. Mandatory
spending in this function would be $900 million in BA and $1.2
billion in outlays in fiscal year 2000, and $9.8 billion in BA
and $10.2 billion in outlays over 10 years.
FUNCTION 800: GENERAL GOVERNMENT
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 12.3 60.5 121.3
Outlays.......................... 13.5 62.8 122.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 900: Net Interest
----------
function summary
Net Interest is the interest paid for the Federal
Government's borrowing. Function 900 is a mandatory payment,
with no discretionary components. Because the budget is
balanced without counting Social Security, the figures below
reflect totals excluding Social Security.
FUNCTION 900: NET INTEREST (on-budget)
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. 275.5 1,342.4 2,626.4
Outlays.......................... 275.5 1,342.4 2,226.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 920: Allowances
----------
function summary
The Allowances function is used for planning purposes to
address the budgetary effects of proposals or assumptions that
cross various other budget functions. Once such changes are
enacted, the budgetary effects are distributed to the
appropriate budget functions.
summary of committee-reported resolution
For discretionary spending, the budget resolution calls for
-$8.0 billion in budget authority [BA] and -$8.1 billion in
outlays in fiscal year 2000. The 10-year spending totals are
-$56.7 billion in BA and -$78.7 billion in outlays. There is no
mandatory spending in this function.
FUNCTION 920: ALLOWANCES
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. -8.0 -31.8 -56.7
Outlays.......................... -8.1 -50.8 -78.7
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function 950: Undistributed Offsetting Receipts
----------
function summary
Receipts recorded in this function are either
intrabudgetary (a payment from one Federal agency to another,
such as agency payments to the retirement trust funds) or
proprietary (a payment from the public for some kind of
business transaction with the government). The main types of
receipts recorded in this function are: the payments Federal
employees and agencies make to employee retirement trust funds;
payments made by companies for the right to explore and produce
oil and gas on the Outer Continental Shelf; and payments by
those who bid for the right to buy or use public property or
resources, such as the electromagnetic spectrum. These receipts
are treated as negative spending.
summary of committee-reported resolution
There is no discretionary spending in this function.
Mandatory spending in this function would be -$34.3 billion in
BA and outlays in fiscal year 2000, and -$388.6 billion in BA
and outlays over 10 years.
(Please note: because the budget is balanced without
counting Social Security, the figures below reflect totals
excluding Social Security.)
FUNCTION 950: UNDISTRIBUTED OFFSETTING RECEIPTS (on-budget)
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority................. -34.3 -188.9 -388.6
Outlays.......................... -34.3 -188.9 -388.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------
REVENUES
----------
function summary
The Revenues function reflects all of the Federal
Government's various tax receipts. This includes individual
income taxes; corporate income taxes; social insurance taxes,
such as the Social Security payroll tax; excise taxes, such as
the gasoline tax; and other taxes, such as estate and gift
taxes.
summary of committee-reported resolution
In addition to the need to continue restraining the growth
of government--there are other reasons why tax relief now is
important.
Total Federal revenues are at 20.7 percent of Gross
Domestic Product [GDP] this year. This is the highest level of
tax revenues since 1944. Tax revenues were 17.8 percent of GDP
in 1993, the year President Clinton signed his $268-billion tax
increase.
According to the Census Bureau, Federal income taxes rose
from 12.1 percent of the average family's income in 1992 to
14.9 percent in 1997. Total taxes cost the average family more
than what they spend on food, shelter, and clothing, according
to the Tax Foundation.
The budget resolution provides for historic tax relief--up
to $15 billion in 2000 and about $800 billion over 10 years--to
return working Americans' current tax overpayment. The
President raises taxes by $172 billion over 10 years.
(Please note: Because the budget is balanced without
counting Social Security, the figures below reflect totals
excluding Social Security revenues, as well as other amounts
designated as ``off budget.'')
REVENUES (on-budget)
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Revenues................... 1,408.5 7,416.8 16,155.7
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY TABLES
HOUSE BUDGET COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION--TOTAL SPENDING AND REVENUES
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal year--
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY
Total Spending:
BA.................................................... 1,749.1 1,753.6 1,795.6 1,836.8 1,920.5 1,987.0 2,055.1 2,101.7 2,172.7 2,251.9 2,333.9 9,293.5 20,208.8
O..................................................... 1,703.9 1,735.1 1,774.8 1,804.6 1,894.7 1,959.2 2,028.1 2,071.1 2,136.4 2,219.3 2,300.8 9,168.4 19,924.1
On-Budget:
BA................................................ 1,432.8 1,426.6 1,456.1 1,487.3 1,558.3 1,611.7 1,665.6 1,697.0 1,752.2 1,813.8 1,874.4 7,540.0 16,343.0
O................................................. 1,387.6 1,408.1 1,435.3 1,455.1 1,532.5 1,583.9 1,638.6 1,666.4 1,715.9 1,781.2 1,841.3 7,414.9 16,058.3
Off-Budget:
BA................................................ 316.3 327.0 339.5 349.5 362.2 375.3 389.5 404.7 420.5 438.1 459.5 1,753.5 3,865.8
O................................................. 316.3 327.0 339.5 349.5 362.2 375.3 389.5 404.7 420.5 438.1 459.5 1,753.5 3,865.8
Revenues:
Total................................................. 1,816.1 1,876.5 1,923.0 1,962.6 2,059.9 2,134.0 2,227.8 2,286.2 2,361.5 2,457.2 2,548.8 9,956.0 21,837.5
On-Budget............................................. 1,369.9 1,408.5 1,435.3 1,456.3 1,532.6 1,584.1 1,651.0 1,684.4 1,733.2 1,802.8 1,867.5 7,416.8 16,155.7
Off-Budget............................................ 446.2 468.0 487.7 506.3 527.3 549.9 576.8 601.8 628.3 654.4 681.3 2,539.2 5,681.8
Surplus/Deficit (-):
Total................................................. 112.2 141.4 148.2 158.0 165.2 174.8 199.7 215.1 225.1 237.9 248.0 787.6 1,913.4
On-Budget............................................. -17.7 0.4 0 1.2 0.1 0.2 12.4 18.0 17.3 21.6 26.2 1.9 97.4
Off-Budget............................................ 129.9 141.0 148.2 156.8 165.1 174.6 187.3 197.1 207.8 216.3 221.8 785.7 1,816.0
Debt Held by the Public (end of year)..................... 3,626.8 3,501.8 3,369.3 3,227.4 3,076.2 2,918.6 2,733.1 2,531.5 2,319.0 2,092.4 1,855.7 NA NA
Debt Subject to Limit (end of year)....................... 5,543.6 5,627.7 5,707.7 5,791.5 5,875.0 5,954.8 6,019.6 6,075.4 6,128.7 6,168.1 6,198.1 NA NA
BY FUNCTION
National Defense (050):
BA.................................................... 279.0 288.8 303.6 308.2 318.3 327.2 328.4 329.6 330.9 332.2 333.5 1,546.1 3,200.7
O..................................................... 273.1 274.6 285.9 291.7 303.6 313.5 316.7 315.1 313.7 317.1 318.0 1,469.3 3,049.9
International Affairs (150):
BA.................................................... 34.4 11.2 10.6 9.8 11.6 13.5 13.7 13.9 13.9 14.0 14.0 56.7 126.2
O..................................................... 14.8 14.5 15.1 14.4 13.6 13.3 12.9 12.6 12.4 12.2 12.1 70.9 133.1
General Science, Space, and Technology (250):
BA.................................................... 18.8 18.0 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 89.6 179.1
O..................................................... 18.2 18.2 17.9 17.9 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 89.6 178.6
Energy (270):
BA.................................................... 1.1 0.0 -1.4 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -2.0 -3.7
O..................................................... 0.7 -0.7 -3.1 -1.1 -1.2 -1.4 -1.5 -1.5 -1.4 -1.1 -1.1 -7.5 -14.1
Natural Resources and Environment (300):
BA.................................................... 24.2 22.8 22.5 22.4 22.5 23.5 23.5 23.6 23.7 23.7 24.0 113.7 232.2
O..................................................... 23.4 22.6 22.0 21.4 22.6 23.5 23.4 23.5 23.4 23.4 23.7 112.1 229.5
Agriculture (350):
BA.................................................... 22.5 14.3 13.5 11.8 12.0 12.1 10.6 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 63.7 117.3
O..................................................... 20.4 13.2 11.3 10.0 10.3 10.5 9.9 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.2 55.3 101.8
Commerce and Housing Credit (370):
BA.................................................... 1.9 9.7 10.3 13.9 14.5 13.9 12.7 12.6 12.7 12.6 13.4 62.3 126.3
O..................................................... 0.8 4.3 5.5 9.6 10.9 10.4 9.4 9.1 8.9 8.5 8.8 40.7 85.4
On-budget:
BA................................................ 1.9 9.9 10.6 14.5 14.5 13.9 12.7 12.6 12.7 12.6 13.4 63.4 127.4
O................................................. 0.8 4.5 5.8 10.2 10.9 10.4 9.4 9.1 8.9 8.5 8.8 41.8 86.5
Off-budget:
BA................................................ 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.1 -1.1
O................................................. 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.1 -1.1
Transportation (400):
BA.................................................... 51.3 51.8 51.0 50.8 52.3 52.3 52.3 52.3 52.4 52.4 52.4 258.2 520.0
O..................................................... 44.0 45.8 47.7 47.3 46.8 46.3 46.1 46.0 46.0 46.1 46.1 233.9 464.2
Community and Regional Development (450):
BA.................................................... 10.2 7.4 5.3 5.3 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 29.3 57.3
O..................................................... 11.4 10.7 9.1 7.0 6.1 5.5 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 38.4 60.7
Elementary and Secondary Education (501):
BA.................................................... 16.8 22.0 24.1 24.5 25.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 123.4 257.9
O..................................................... 17.8 20.1 21.9 22.7 24.5 25.6 26.6 26.8 26.9 26.9 26.9 114.8 248.9
Training, Employment and Social Services (502-506):
BA.................................................... 44.2 43.3 41.4 41.2 42.7 43.0 43.9 44.6 45.5 46.5 46.5 211.6 438.6
O..................................................... 42.0 43.5 41.9 40.9 41.9 42.3 42.9 43.7 44.5 45.5 45.5 210.5 432.6
Health (550):
BA.................................................... 147.5 156.2 164.1 173.3 184.7 197.9 212.8 228.4 246.3 265.2 285.5 876.2 2,114.4
O..................................................... 140.7 153.0 162.4 173.8 185.3 198.5 212.6 228.3 245.5 264.4 284.9 873.0 2,108.7
Medicare (570):
BA.................................................... 195.2 208.7 222.1 230.6 250.7 268.6 295.6 306.8 337.6 365.6 394.1 1,180.7 2,880.4
O..................................................... 194.6 208.7 222.3 230.2 250.9 268.7 295.2 306.9 337.8 365.2 394.2 1,180.8 2,880.1
Income Security (600):
BA.................................................... 235.2 244.4 250.5 262.7 277.0 286.2 298.5 304.8 310.6 323.9 334.2 1,320.8 2,892.8
O..................................................... 238.2 248.1 257.4 267.0 276.8 286.0 298.7 305.2 311.5 325.4 335.7 1,335.3 2,911.8
Social Security (650):
BA.................................................... 390.6 407.2 426.1 445.9 467.0 489.8 514.6 540.9 568.7 599.0 633.6 2,236 5,092.8
O..................................................... 390.8 407.3 426.1 445.9 467.0 489.8 514.5 540.9 568.7 599.0 633.6 2,236.1 5,092.8
On-budget:
BA................................................ 14.5 14.2 13.8 15.6 16.3 17.1 18.0 18.9 19.9 21.0 22.2 77.0 177.0
O................................................. 14.7 14.3 13.8 15.6 16.3 17.1 17.9 18.9 19.9 21.0 22.2 77.1 177.0
Off-budget:
BA................................................ 376.1 393.0 412.3 430.3 450.7 472.7 496.6 522.0 548.8 578.0 611.4 2,159.0 4,915.8
O................................................. 376.1 393.0 412.3 430.3 450.7 472.7 496.6 522.0 548.8 578.0 611.4 2,159.0 4,915.8
Veterans Benefits and Services (700):
BA.................................................... 43.0 44.7 44.3 44.7 45.9 46.2 48.8 47.3 47.8 48.5 49.1 225.8 467.3
O..................................................... 42.9 45.1 45.0 45.1 46.4 46.7 49.3 47.8 46.2 49.0 49.7 228.3 470.3
Administration of Justice (750):
BA.................................................... 26.7 23.4 24.7 24.7 24.6 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.4 26.5 26.5 123.6 255.7
O..................................................... 25.1 25.3 25.1 24.9 24.4 26.1 26.2 26.2 26.3 26.3 26.4 125.8 257.2
General Government (800):
BA.................................................... 17.2 12.3 11.9 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.2 12.2 12.2 60.5 121.3
O..................................................... 15.7 13.5 12.6 12.3 12.2 12.2 11.9 11.8 11.9 12.1 11.9 62.8 122.4
Net Interest (900):
BA.................................................... 229.4 217.7 207.0 196.3 186.4 176.5 165.2 153.3 141.5 128.5 115.4 983.9 1,687.8
O..................................................... 229.4 217.7 207.0 196.3 186.4 176.5 165.2 153.3 141.5 128.5 115.4 983.9 1,687.8
On-budget:
BA................................................ 281.8 275.5 271.0 267.4 265.1 263.4 261.0 258.6 257.0 254.7 252.7 1,342.4 2,626.4
O................................................. 281.8 275.5 271.0 267.4 265.1 263.4 261.0 258.6 257.0 254.7 252.7 1,342.4 2,626.4
Off-budget:
BA................................................ -52.4 -57.8 -64.0 -71.1 -78.7 -86.9 -95.8 -105.3 -115.5 -126.2 -137.3 -358.5 -938.6
O................................................. -52.4 -57.8 -64.0 -71.1 -78.7 -86.9 -95.8 -105.3 -115.5 -126.2 -137.3 -358.5 -938.6
Allowances (920):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -8.0 -8.5 -6.4 -4.4 -4.5 -4.5 -4.6 -5.2 -5.3 -5.3 -31.8 -56.7
O..................................................... 0.0 -8.1 -12.9 -20.0 -4.8 -5.0 -5.1 -5.2 -5.8 -5.9 -5.9 -50.8 -78.7
Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (950):
BA.................................................... -40.1 -42.3 -45.4 -52.7 -46.8 -47.6 -49.4 -50.8 -52.9 -54.6 -56.4 -234.8 -498.9
O..................................................... -40.1 -42.3 -45.4 -52.7 -46.8 -47.6 -49.4 -50.8 -52.9 -54.6 -56.4 -234.8 -498.9
On-budget:
BA................................................ -32.7 -34.3 -36.9 -43.6 -37.0 -37.1 -38.1 -38.8 -40.1 -40.9 -41.8 -188.9 -388.6
O................................................. -32.7 -34.3 -36.9 -43.6 -37.0 -37.1 -38.1 -38.8 -40.1 -40.9 -41.8 -188.9 -388.6
Off-budget:
BA................................................ -7.4 -8.0 -8.5 -9.1 -9.8 -10.5 -11.3 -12.0 -12.8 -13.7 -14.6 -45.9 -110.3
O................................................. -7.4 -8.0 -8.5 -9.1 -9.8 -10.5 -11.3 -12.0 -12.8 -13.7 -14.6 -45.9 -110.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOUSE BUDGET COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION
DISCRETIONARY SPENDING
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal year--
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY
Total Discretionary Spending:
BA...................................................... 572.8 536.3 541.3 550.4 568.6 580.6 581.9 583.1 583.8 585.0 586.5 2,777.2 5,697.5
O....................................................... 574.1 570.9 571.0 567.0 592.9 602.5 605.2 603.1 600.8 603.9 604.8 2,904.3 5,922.1
Defense:
BA.................................................. 280.1 290.0 304.8 309.3 319.4 328.1 329.3 330.5 331.8 333.1 334.3 1,551.6 3,210.6
O................................................... 274.2 275.8 287.1 292.8 304.7 314.4 317.6 316 314.6 318 318.9 1,474.8 3,059.9
Nondefense:
BA.................................................. 292.7 246.3 236.6 241.1 249.3 252.5 252.6 252.6 252.0 252.0 252.1 1,225.8 2,487.1
O................................................... 299.9 295.2 283.9 274.2 288.2 288.1 287.6 287.1 286.2 285.9 285.9 1,429.6 2,862.3
BY FUNCTION
National Defense (050):
BA...................................................... 280.1 290.0 304.8 309.3 319.4 328.1 329.3 330.5 331.8 333.1 334.3 1,551.5 3,210.6
O....................................................... 274.2 275.8 287.1 292.8 304.7 314.4 317.6 316.0 314.6 318.0 318.9 1,474.8 3,059.9
International Affairs (150):
BA...................................................... 39.4 16.4 15.4 15.0 15.0 15.9 15.8 15.7 15.5 15.4 15.3 77.7 155.4
O....................................................... 18.7 18.1 18.7 17.8 16.9 16.5 16.0 15.8 15.5 15.3 15.2 87.9 165.8
General Science, Space, and Technology (250):
BA...................................................... 18.8 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 89.4 179.0
O....................................................... 18.2 18.2 17.8 17.8 17.7 17.7 17.7 17.7 17.7 17.7 17.7 89.3 177.7
Energy (270):
BA...................................................... 3.0 1.8 0.5 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 8.0 17.5
O....................................................... 3.2 2.6 0.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 9.3 18.7
Natural Resources and Environment (300):
BA...................................................... 23.5 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 23.0 23.1 23.1 23.2 23.2 23.2 111.0 226.8
O....................................................... 22.7 21.9 21.4 21.0 22.1 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.0 23.0 23.1 109.5 224.8
Agriculture (350):
BA...................................................... 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 18.6 36.5
O....................................................... 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 18.7 36.7
Commerce and Housing:
BA...................................................... 3.5 3.7 2.1 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.8 11.2 21.1
O....................................................... 3.2 3.9 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.7 11.4 20.9
Credit (370):
On-budget:
BA.................................................. 3.5 3.7 2.1 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.8 11.2 21.1
O................................................... 3.2 3.9 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.7 11.4 20.9
Off-budget:
BA.................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Transportation (400):
BA...................................................... 14.4 12.2 11.9 11.3 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 57.9 113.8
O....................................................... 42.0 43.4 45.4 45.8 44.9 44.5 44.3 44.3 44.3 44.3 44.3 223.9 445.5
Community and Regional Development (450):
BA...................................................... 10.1 7.4 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 29.4 57.4
O....................................................... 11.8 11.1 9.6 7.6 6.6 6.0 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.9 40.9 66.1
Elementary and Secondary Education (501):
BA...................................................... 16.8 22.0 24.1 24.5 25.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 123.3 257.9
O....................................................... 17.8 20.1 21.9 22.7 24.5 25.6 26.6 26.8 26.9 26.9 26.9 114.9 248.9
Training, Employment and Social Services (502-506):
BA...................................................... 29.8 28.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 25.0 132.3 261.9
O....................................................... 28.2 28.2 26.1 25.8 25.7 25.7 25.7 25.7 25.7 25.7 24.7 131.4 259.0
Health (550):
BA...................................................... 30.1 29.3 27.9 27.7 27.5 27.3 27.0 26.7 26.4 26.1 25.8 139.7 271.7
O....................................................... 26.8 28.3 27.4 27.3 27.2 26.9 26.6 26.3 26.0 25.7 25.4 137.1 267.1
Medicare (570):
BA...................................................... 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 14.9 30.0
O....................................................... 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 14.9 30.0
Income Security (600):
BA...................................................... 33.1 28.7 27.5 29.6 34.6 35.2 35.7 36.2 36.7 37.2 37.9 155.5 339.3
O....................................................... 40.6 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.3 39.4 39.7 40.0 40.4 40.9 41.4 196.9 399.3
Social Security (650):
BA...................................................... 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 15.8 32.0
O....................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 15.9 31.2
On-budget:
BA.................................................. 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 15.8 32.0
O................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 15.9 31.2
Off-budget:
BA.................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Veterans Benefits and Services (700):
BA...................................................... 19.3 20.2 19.1 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 18.9 18.9 18.9 18.9 96.4 190.9
O....................................................... 19.1 20.4 19.5 19.1 19.1 19.0 18.9 18.9 18.8 18.8 18.8 97.2 191.3
Administration of Justice (750):
BA...................................................... 26.1 23.1 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.3 24.3 24.3 24.3 120.8 242.3
O....................................................... 24.3 25.1 25.0 24.8 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.3 24.3 24.3 24.3 123.7 245.3
General Government (800):
BA...................................................... 14.3 11.4 11.0 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 55.6 111.2
O....................................................... 12.9 12.3 11.7 11.4 11.2 11.0 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9 57.5 112.1
Net Interest (900):
BA...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O....................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
On-budget:
BA.................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Off-budget:
BA.................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Allowances (920):
BA...................................................... 0.0 -8.0 -8.5 -6.4 -4.4 -4.5 -4.5 -4.6 -5.2 -5.3 -5.3 -31.8 -56.7
O....................................................... 0.0 -8.1 -12.9 -20.0 -4.8 -5.0 -5.1 -5.2 -5.8 -5.9 -5.9 -50.8 -78.7
Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (950):
BA...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O....................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
On-budget:
BA.................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Off-budget:
BA.................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOUSE BUDGET COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION
MANDATORY SPENDING
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal year-- 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY
Total Mandatory Spending
BA...................................................... 1,176.5 1,217.5 1,254.3 1,286.3 1,351.7 1,406.2 1,473.1 1,518.5 1,589.0 1,666.8 1,747.3 6,516.0 14,510.7
O....................................................... 1,129.9 1,164.2 1,203.6 1,237.6 1,301.5 1,356.5 1,423.0 1,468.2 1,535.8 1,615.3 1,696.0 6,263.4 14,001.7
On-budget:
BA.................................................. 860.2 890.4 914.8 936.9 989.5 1,030.9 1,083.6 1,113.9 1,168.4 1,228.7 1,287.8 4,762.5 10,644.9
O................................................. 813.6 837.1 864.2 888.1 939.3 981.3 1,033.5 1,063.6 1,115.2 1,177.2 1,236.5 4,510.0 10,136.0
Off-budget:
BA................................................ 316.3 327.1 339.5 349.5 362.2 375.3 389.5 404.6 420.6 438.1 459.5 1,753.6 3,865.9
O................................................. 316.3 327.1 339.5 349.5 362.2 375.3 389.5 404.6 420.6 438.1 459.5 1,753.6 3,865.9
BY FUNCTION
National Defense (050):
BA...................................................... -1.1 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.0 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -5.5 -10.0
O....................................................... -1.1 -1.2 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.0 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -5.6 -10.1
International Affairs (150):
BA...................................................... -5 -5.2 -4.7 -5.2 -3.5 -2.4 -2.1 -1.8 -1.6 -1.4 -1.3 -21.0 -29.2
O....................................................... -3.9 -3.7 -3.6 -3.4 -3.3 -3.2 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -17.2 -32.7
General Science, Space, and Technology (250):
BA...................................................... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2
O....................................................... 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3
Energy (270):
BA...................................................... -1.8 -1.8 -1.9 -2.1 -2.0 -2.2 -2.3 -2.4 -2.4 -2.1 -2.0 -10.0 -21.2
O....................................................... -2.6 -3.2 -3.9 -3.2 -3.2 -3.3 -3.4 -3.4 -3.4 -3.1 -3.0 -16.8 -33.1
Natural Resources and Environment (300):
BA...................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 2.8 5.6
O....................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.7 2.8 5.0
Agriculture (350):
BA...................................................... 18.1 10.4 9.8 8.1 8.3 8.4 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.2 45.0 80.3
O....................................................... 16.1 9.1 7.5 6.3 6.7 6.9 6.3 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 36.5 65.0
Commerce and Housing Credit (370):
BA...................................................... -1.6 6.0 8.1 12.1 12.7 12.1 10.9 10.8 10.9 10.8 10.7 51.0 105.1
O....................................................... -2.3 0.4 3.2 7.8 9.1 8.7 7.7 7.4 7.1 6.7 6.2 29.2 64.3
On-budget:
BA.................................................. -1.6 6.1 8.5 12.7 12.7 12.1 10.9 10.8 10.9 10.8 10.7 52.1 106.2
O................................................... -2.3 0.6 3.5 8.5 9.1 8.7 7.7 7.4 7.1 6.7 6.2 30.4 65.5
Off-budget:
BA.................................................. 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.1 -1.1
O................................................... 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.1 -1.1
Transportation (400):
BA...................................................... 36.8 39.5 39.1 39.5 41.0 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.2 41.2 41.2 200.2 406.0
O....................................................... 1.9 2.4 2.3 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 9.9 18.6
Community and Regional Development (450):
BA...................................................... 0.1 0.0 -0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O....................................................... -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -2.5 -5.5
Elementary and Secondary Education (501):
BA...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O....................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Training, Employment and Social Services (502-506):
BA...................................................... 14.4 15.2 15.4 15.1 16.7 17.0 17.8 18.6 19.5 20.5 21.4 79.4 177.2
O....................................................... 13.8 15.3 15.8 15.1 16.3 16.6 17.2 18.0 18.8 19.8 20.7 79.1 173.6
Health (550):
BA...................................................... 117.4 126.9 136.2 145.6 157.2 170.6 185.8 201.7 219.9 239.1 259.7 736.5 1,842.7
O....................................................... 114.0 124.7 135.0 146.4 158.1 171.6 186.0 202.0 219.5 238.7 259.5 735.8 1,841.5
Medicare (570):
BA...................................................... 192.2 205.7 219.1 227.6 247.8 265.6 292.6 303.8 334.6 362.7 391.1 1,165.8 2,850.6
O....................................................... 191.8 205.7 219.3 227.2 247.9 265.8 292.2 303.9 334.8 362.2 391.3 1,165.9 2,850.3
Income Security (600):
BA...................................................... 202.1 215.7 223.0 233.1 242.4 251.0 262.8 268.5 273.9 286.7 296.3 1,165.2 2,553.4
O....................................................... 197.6 208.7 218.0 227.6 237.4 246.6 259.0 265.2 271.2 284.5 294.3 1,138.3 2,512.5
Social Security (650):
BA...................................................... 387.5 404.1 422.9 442.7 463.8 486.6 511.4 537.7 565.6 595.8 630.5 2,220.1 5,061.1
O....................................................... 387.5 404.1 422.9 442.7 463.8 486.6 511.4 537.7 565.6 595.8 630.5 2,220.1 5,061.1
On-budget:
BA.................................................. 11.4 11.1 10.6 12.4 13.1 13.9 14.8 15.7 16.7 17.9 19.1 61.1 145.3
O................................................... 11.4 11.1 10.6 12.4 13.1 13.9 14.8 15.7 16.7 17.9 19.1 61.1 145.3
Off-budget:
BA.................................................. 376.1 393.0 412.3 430.3 450.7 472.7 496.6 522.0 548.8 578.0 611.4 2,159 4,915.8
O................................................... 376.1 393.0 412.3 430.3 450.7 472.7 496.6 522.0 548.8 578.0 611.4 2,159 4,915.8
Veterans Benefits and Services (700):
BA...................................................... 23.8 24.5 25.1 25.7 26.9 27.3 29.8 28.3 28.9 29.6 30.2 129.5 276.3
O....................................................... 23.9 24.6 25.5 26.0 27.3 27.7 30.4 28.9 27.4 30.2 30.9 131.1 278.9
Administration of Justice (750):
BA...................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.7 13.2
O....................................................... 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 12.1
General Government (800):
BA...................................................... 2.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.8 9.8
O....................................................... 2.9 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 5.1 10.2
Net Interest (900):
BA...................................................... 229.4 217.7 207.0 196.4 186.4 176.5 165.2 153.3 141.6 128.6 115.3 984.0 1,688.0
O....................................................... 229.4 217.7 207.0 196.4 186.4 176.5 165.2 153.3 141.6 128.6 115.3 984.0 1,688.0
On-budget:
BA.................................................. 281.8 275.5 271.0 267.4 265.1 263.4 261.0 258.6 257.0 254.7 252.7 1,342.4 2,626.4
O................................................... 281.8 275.5 271.0 267.4 265.1 263.4 261.0 258.6 257.0 254.7 252.7 1,342.4 2,626.4
Off-budget:
BA.................................................. -52.4 -57.8 -64.0 -71.1 -78.7 -86.9 -95.8 -105.3 -115.5 -126.2 -137.3 -358.5 -938.6
O................................................... -52.4 -57.8 -64.0 -71.1 -78.7 -86.9 -95.8 -105.3 -115.5 -126.2 -137.3 -358.5 -938.6
Allowances (920):
BA...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O....................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Undistributed Offsetting
BA...................................................... -40.1 -42.2 -45.3 -52.8 -46.8 -47.6 -49.4 -50.8 -52.8 -54.6 -56.4 -234.7 -498.7
O....................................................... -40.1 -42.2 -45.3 -52.8 -46.8 -47.6 -49.4 -50.8 -52.8 -54.6 -56.4 -234.7 -498.7
Receipts (950):
On-budget:
BA.................................................. -32.7 -34.3 -36.9 -43.6 -37.0 -37.1 -38.1 -38.8 -40.1 -40.9 -41.8 -188.9 -388.6
O................................................... -32.7 -34.3 -36.9 -43.6 -37.0 -37.1 -38.1 -38.8 -40.1 -40.9 -41.8 -188.9 -388.6
Off-budget:
BA.................................................. -7.4 -8.0 -8.5 -9.1 -9.8 -10.5 -11.3 -12.0 -12.8 -13.7 -14.6 -45.9 -110.3
O................................................... -7.4 -8.0 -8.5 -9.1 -9.8 -10.5 -11.3 -12.0 -12.8 -13.7 -14.6 -45.9 -110.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE 1.--TAX EXPENDITURE ESTIMATES BY BUDGET FUNCTION, FISCAL YEARS 2000-2009
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corporations Individuals Total
Function -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000-04 2000-09
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National Defense
Exclusion of benefits and ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 20 20 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 10.3 21.5
allowances to Armed
Forces personnel.........
Exclusion of military ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.3
disability benefits......
International Affairs
Exclusion of income earned ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 11.7 27.6
abroad by U.S. citizens..
Exclusion of certain ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 2.4
allowances for Federal
employees abroad.........
Exclusion of income of 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 10.5 23.0
foreign sales
corporations (FSCs)......
Deferral of active income 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 7.5 17.0
of controlled foreign
corporations.............
Inventory property sales 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 21.0 44.5
sources rule exception...
Deferral of certain 0.3 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 0.3 0.3
financing income.........
General Science, Space, and
Technology
Tax credit for qualified 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.1 (1) ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 1.9 1.9
research expenditures....
Expensing of research and 2.4 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 13.2 28.7
experimental expenditures
Energy
Expensing of exploration
and development costs:
Oil and gas........... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 2.4 5.7
Other fuels........... (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.1
Excess of percentage over
cost depletion:
Oil and gas........... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.8 6.1
Other fuels........... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.5 3.0
Tax credit for enhanced (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.3 0.7
oil recovery costs.......
Tax credit for production 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 (1) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) 5.5 6.4
of non-conventional fuels
Tax credits for alcohol (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... (1) 0.1
fules \2\................
Exclusion of interest on (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 1.9
State and local
government industrial
development bonds for
energy production
facilities...............
Exclusion of energy ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.3
conservation subsidies
provided by public
utilities................
Tax credit for investments (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.2 0.3
in solar and geothermal
energy facilities........
Tax credit for electricity (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5
production from wind and
biomass..................
Natural Resources and
Environment
Expensing of exploration (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.2 0.6
and development costs,
nonfuel minerals.........
Excess of percentage over 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.5 3.0
cost depletion, nonfuel
minerals.................
Expensing of multiperiod 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.9 1.9
timber-growing costs.....
Exclusion of interest on 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.2 6.5
State and local
government sewage, water,
and hazardous waste
facilities bonds.........
Special rules for mining (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.2 0.4
reclamation reserves.....
Exclusion of contribution (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... (1) 0.1
in aid of construction
for water and sewer
utilities................
Agriculture
Expensing of soil and (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5
water conservation
expenditures.............
Expensing of fertilizer (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6
and soil conditioner
costs....................
Expensing of the costs of (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 2.1
raising dairy and
breeding cattle..........
Exclusion of cost-sharing (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.2
payments.................
Exclusion of cancellation ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.1 0.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.2 0.4
of indebtedness income of
farmers..................
Cash accounting for (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 3.0 6.5
agriculture..............
Income averaging for ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.2
farmers..................
Five-year carryback period (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.3 0.4
for net operating losses
attributable to farming..
Commerce and Housing
Financial institutions:
Exemption of credit 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 5.1 11.5
union income.........
Insurance companies:
Exclusion of 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 23.3 24.0 24.8 25.6 26.4 27.2 28.1 28.9 29.9 30.8 131.2 284.2
investment income on
life insurance and
annuity contracts....
Small life insurance 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 0.7 1.5
company taxable
income adjustment....
Special treatment of 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 7.4 16.3
life insurance
company reserves.....
Deduction of unpaid 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 17.4 36.7
property loss
reserves for property
and casualty
insurance companies..
Special deduction for 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 1.8 3.5
Blue Cross and Blue
Shield companies.....
Housing:
Deduction for mortgage ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 50.4 52.4 54.5 56.8 59.2 61.6 64.1 66.7 69.5 72.3 273.2 607.4
interest on owner-
occupied residences..
Deduction for property ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 18.4 19.1 19.7 20.3 21.0 21.8 22.5 23.3 24.1 24.9 98.5 215.0
taxes on owner-
occupied residences..
Exclusion of capital ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.9 32.0 69.1
gains on sales of
principal residences.
Exclusion of interest 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 .21 2.2 2.3 11.4 26.2
on State and local
government bonds for
owner-occupied
housing..............
Exclusion of interest 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.7 13.0
on State and local
government bonds for
rental housing.......
Depreciation of rental 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.6 3.0 3.5 9.1 24.1
housing in excess of
alternative
depreciation system..
Tax credit for low- 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.4 .3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 23.7 50.0
income housing.......
Tax credit for first- ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... (1) (1) ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... (1) (1)
time homebuyers in
the District of
Columbia.............
Tax credit for 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.5 5.5
rehabilitation of
historic structures..
Other business and
commerce:
Reduced rates of tax ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 32.0 33.8 34.9 36.1 37.5 39.0 41.0 43.5 46.5 50.2 174.3 394.5
on long-term capital
gains................
Exclusion of capital ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 20.7 22.2 23.9 25.2 26.2 27.3 28.6 30.3 32.5 35.1 118.2 272.0
gains at death.......
Carryover basis of ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.8 12.4 29.0
capital gains on
gifts................
Deferral of gain on 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4.7 10.2
non-dealer
installment sales....
Deferral of gain on 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.5 8.0
like-kind exchanges..
Deferral of gain on ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.2
involuntary
conversions resulting
from Presidentially-
declared disasters...
Depreciation of 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.1. 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.2 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 8.3 17.5
buildings other than
rental housing in
excess of alternative
depreciation system..
Depreciation of 24.8 25.3 25.7 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.3 26.4 26.5 26.6 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 161.8 325.0
equipment in excess
of alternative
depreciation system..
Expensing of 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 (1) (1) (1) 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 3.8 4.0
depreciable business
property.............
Amortization of (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.5 3.4
business startup
costs................
Reduced rates on first 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 22.2 44.7
$10,000,000 of
corporate taxable
income...............
Permanent exemption (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 2.4
from imputed interest
rules................
Expensing of magazine (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.0 0.0
circulation
expenditures.........
Special rules for (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.0 0.0
magazine, paperback
book, and record
returns..............
Completed contract 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1.0 2.2
rules................
Cash accounting, other (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.8
than agriculture.....
Exclusion of interest 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (1) (1) (1) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 2.1
on State and local
government small-
issue industrial
development bonds....
Exception from net 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 2.2 4.4
operating loss
limitations for
corporations in
bankruptcy
proceedings..........
Tax credit for 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.4 4.9
employer-paid FICA
taxes on tips........
Transportation
Deferral of tax on 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 0.5 1.0
capital construction
funds of shipping
companies............
Exclusion of employer- ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 18.1 37.3
paid transportation
benefits.............
Exclusion of interest (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.5 1.0
on State and local
government bonds for
high-speed rail......
Community and Regional
Development
Empowerment zone tax 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1.2 1.7
incentives...........
District of Columbia 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 1.1
tax incentives.......
Indian reservation tax 0.1 0.1 0.1 (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 0.1 0.1 (1) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 0.6 0.5
incentives...........
Expensing of 0.1 0.1 (1) (1) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 0.3 0.1
redevelopment costs
in certain
environmentally
contaminated areas
(``Brownfields'')....
Tax credit for (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.3 0.6
rehabilitation of
structures, other
than historic
structures...........
Exclusion of interest 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 6.6 16.5
on State and local
government bonds for
private airports,
docks, and mass-
commuting facilities.
Education, Training,
Employment, and Social
Services
Education and training:
Tax credits for ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.8 31.1 60.9
tuition for post-
secondary education..
Deduction for interest ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.3 3.2
on student loans.....
Exclusion of earnings ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 3.1 8.0
of trust accounts for
higher education
(``education IRAs'').
Exclusion of interest ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
on educational
savings bonds........
Deferral of tax on ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.5 5.2
earnings of qualified
State tuition program
Exclusion of ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 5.7 14.0
scholarship and
fellowship income....
Exclusion of employer- ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.1 2.9
provided education
assistance benefits..
Parental personal ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 4.3 9.0
exemption for
students age 19 to 23
Exclusion of interest 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.3 2.4
on State and local
government student
loan bonds...........
Exclusion of interest 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5. 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 6.3 15.6
on State and local
government bonds for
private nonprofit
education............
Tax credit for holders 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... ........ ........
of qualified
education bonds......
Deduction for 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.8 23.2 55.7
charitable
contributions to
educational
institutions.........
Employment:
Exclusion of employee ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.2 9.0
meals and lodging
(other than military)
Exclusion of benefits ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 4.5 4.9 5.3 5.7 6.3 6.9 7.6 8.3 9.2 10.1 26.7 68.8
provided under
cafeteria plans \1\..
Exclusion of housing ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.0 4.6
allowances for
ministers............
Exclusion of ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 6.5 6.9 7.3 7.8 8.3 8.6 8.9 9.2 9.5 9.8 36.8 82.8
miscellaneous fringe
benefits.............
Exclusion of employee ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.1
awards...............
Exclusion of income ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 3.0 6.6
earned by voluntary
employees'
beneficiary
associations.........
Special tax provisions 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.8 10.6
for employee stock
ownership plans
(ESOPs)..............
Work opportunity tax 0.2 0.1 (1) (1) (1) ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... (1) (1) (1) ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 0.4 0.4
credit...............
Welfare-to-work tax (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... (1) (1) ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 0.1 0.1
credit...............
Social services:
Tax credit for ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 20.0 20.0 19.8 19.5 19.2 18.9 18.7 18.4 18.1 17.8 98.5 190.4
children under under
age 17 \5\...........
Tax credit for child ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 12.7 23.8
and dependent care
expenses.............
Exclusion of employer- ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.5 5.4
provided child care
\6\..................
Exclusion of certain ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... (1) (1) 1(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1[] (1) (1) 0.2 0.5
foster care payments.
Adoption credit and ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.3
employee adoption
benefits exclusion...
Deduction for 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 20.9 22.1 23.3 24.6 26.0 27.4 29.0 30.6 32.3 34.1 123.4 286.9
charitable
contributions, other
than for education
and health...........
Tax credit for (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.7
disabled access
expenditures.........
Health
Exclusion of employer ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 61.3 65.1 69.2 73.8 78.7 83.9 89.5 95.5 101.8 108.6 348.1 827.4
contributions for health
care, health insurance
premiums, and long-term
care insurance premiums
\7\......................
Exclusion of medical care ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 8.0 16.5
and CHAMPUS/TRICARE
medical insurance for
military dependents,
retirees, and retiree
dependents...............
Deduction for health ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 1.2 1.2 1.5 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 9.1 26.1
insurance premiums and
long-term care insurance
premiums by the self-
employed.................
Deduction for medical ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.7 23.5 50.2
expenses and long-term
care expenses............
Exclusion of workers' ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.6 5.9 6.1 6.4 6.7 24.6 55.3
compensation benefits
(medical benefits).......
Medical savings accounts.. ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.2
Exclusion of interest on 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8 11.6 28.7
State and local
government bonds for
private nonprofit
hospital facilities......
Deduction for charitable 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 16.9 40.3
contributions to health
organizations............
Tax credit for orphan drug (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 0.2 0.4
research.................
Medicare
Exclusion of untaxed
medicare benefits:
Hospital insurance.... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 15.2 15.9 16.8 17.8 18.5 20.0 21.6 23.2 25.0 26.9 84.2 200.9
Supplemtary medical ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 8.0 9.1 10.4 11.8 13.2 14.7 16.4 18.2 20.1 22.2 52.5 144.1
insurance............
Income Security
Exclusion of workers' ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.2 20.3 44.7
compensation benefits
(disability and survivors
payments)................
Exclusion of special ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (1) (1) (1) 0.4 0.6
benefits for disabled
coal miners..............
Exclusion of cash public ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5 5.0
assistance benefits......
Net exclusion of pension
contributions and
earnings:
Employer plans........ ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 78.3 78.2 78.1 78.4 79.8 81.2 82.6 84.0 85.5 87.0 392.8 813.0
Individual retirement ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 12.4 13.1 14.2 15.5 16.8 18.0 19.3 20.6 22.1 23.6 72.0 175.5
plans................
Keough plans.......... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.3 27.0 56.0
Exclusion of other
employee benefits:
Premiums on group term ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 10.9 24.2
life insurance.......
Premiums on accident ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.0 2.0
and disability
insurance............
Additional standard ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 10.6 22.8
deduction for the blind
and the elderly..........
Tax credit for the elderly ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.1
and disabled.............
Deduction for casualty and ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.7 3.6
theft losses.............
Earned income credit (EIC) ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 22.9 48.6
\8\......................
Social Security and Railroad
Retirement
Exclusion of untaxed ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 26.1 27.0 28.0 28.9 30.4 32.0 33.2 34.8 36.3 37.6 140.4 314.3
social security and
railroad retirement
benefits.................
Veterans' Benefits and
Services
Exclusion of veterans' ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 11.1 23.6
disability compensation..
Exclusion of veterans' ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 1.4
pensions.................
Exclusion of GI bill ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.0
benefits.................
Exclusion of interest on (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.7
State and local
government bonds for
veterans' housing........
General Purpose Fiscal
Assistance
Exclusion of interest on 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.8 7.3 7.8 8.4 9.0 11.7 11.9 12.8 13.8 14.8 16.6 17.8 19.1 20.5 22.0 91.5 226.7
public purpose State and
local government debt....
Deduction of nonbusiness ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 32.1 33.0 33.9 34.8 35.7 36.7 37.6 38.6 39.7 40.7 169.5 362.8
State and local
government income and
personal property taxes..
Tax credit for Puerto Rico 3.8 4.0 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.4 0.9 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... 17.4 20.7
and possession income....
Interest
Deferral of interest on ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 6.0 12.0
savings bonds............
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Positive tax expenditure of less than $50 million.
\2\ In addition, the exemption from excise tax for alcohol fuels results in a reduction in excise tax receipts, net of income tax effect, of $0.5 billion per year in fiscal years 2000 through
2009.
\3\ Negative tax expenditure of less than $50 billion.
\4\ Estimate includes amounts of employer-provided health insurance purchased through cafeteria plans and employer-provided child care purchased dependent care flexible spending accounts.
These accounts are also included in other line items in this table.
\5\ The figures in the table show the effect of the child credit on receipts. The increase in outlays is: $0.9 billion in 1999, $1.2 billion in 2000, $1.2 billion in 2001, $1.2 billion in
2002, $1.2 billion in 2003, $1.2 billion in 2004, $1.2 billion in 2005. $1.2 billion in 2006, $1.2 billion in 2007, $1.3 billion in 2008, and $1.3 billion in 2009.
\6\ Estimate includes employer-provided child care purchased through dependent care flexibile spending accounts.
\7\ Estimate includes employee-provided health insurance purchased throgh cafeteria plans.
\8\ The figures in the table show the effect of the earned income credit on receipts. The increase in outlays is: $25.6 billion in 1999, $26.2 billion in 2000, $26.8 billion in 2001, $27.3
billion in 2002, $27.9 billion in 2003, $28.7 billion in 2004, $29.3 billion in 2005, $29.9 billion in 2006, $30.5 billion in 2007, $31.0 billion in 2008, and $31.6 billion in 2009.
Note.--Details may not add to total due to rounding.
Source: Joint Committee on Taxation.
REVENUE COMPARISONS
Table 1.--Comparison of Total Budget Revenues
Fiscal Year: [In billions of dollars]
Amount
1994 Actual............................................... 1,258.6
1995 Actual............................................... 1,351.8
1996 Actual............................................... 1,453.1
1997 Actual............................................... 1,579.3
1998 Actual............................................... 1,721.8
1999 Estimated (CBO)...................................... 1,816.1
Fiscal Year 2000:
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 1,874.0
Committee Level........................................... 1,876.5
Fiscal Year 2001:
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 1,933.1
Committee Level........................................... 1,923.1
Fiscal Year 2002:
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 2,014.2
Committee Level........................................... 1,962.6
Fiscal Year 2003:
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 2,090.1
Committee Level........................................... 2,059.9
Fiscal Year 2004
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 2,181.7
Committee Level........................................... 2,134.0
Fiscal Year 2005
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 2,285.0
Committee Level........................................... 2,227.8
Fiscal Year 2006
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 2,384.0
Committee Level........................................... 2,286.2
Fiscal Year 2007
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 2,489.1
Committee Level........................................... 2,361.5
Fiscal Year 2008
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 2,600.2
Committee Level........................................... 2,457.2
Fiscal Year 2009
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 2,715.5
Committee Level........................................... 2,548.8
REVENUE COMPARISONS
Table 2.--Comparison of Total Budget Revenues
Fiscal Year: [In billions of dollars]
1994 Actual............................................... 923.60
1995 Actual............................................... 1,000.80
1996 Actual............................................... 1,085.60
1997 Actual............................................... 1,187.30
1998 Actual............................................... 1,292.40
1999 Estimated (CBO)...................................... 1,369.90
Fiscal year 2000
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 1,406.03
Committee Level........................................... 1,408.48
Fiscal year 2001
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 1,445.31
Committee Level........................................... 1,435.35
Fiscal year 2002
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 1,507.94
Committee Level........................................... 1,456.28
Fiscal year 2003
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 1,562.82
Committee Level........................................... 1,532.62
Fiscal year 2004
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 1,631.84
Committee Level........................................... 1,584.15
Fiscal year 2005
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 1,708.13
Committee Level........................................... 1,651.00
Fiscal year 2006
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 1,782.14
Committee Level........................................... 1,684.41
Fiscal year 2007
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 1,860.83
Committee Level........................................... 1,733.20
Fiscal year 2008
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 1,945.80
Committee Level........................................... 1,802.81
Fiscal year 2009
Administration's Request (February 1999).................. 2,034.17
Committee Level........................................... 1,867.51
TABLE 3.--CBO BASELINE REVENUES BY SOURCE, UNDER PAST AND CURRENT LAW
[includes on- and off-budget revenues, fiscal years, in billions of dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Projected
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Individual Income Tax.............................. 15.8 40.7 90.4 244.1 466.9 899.8
Corporate Income Tax............................... 10.4 21.5 32.8 64.6 93.5 188.4
Social Insurance Tax and contributions............. 4.3 14.7 44.4 157.8 380.0 640.2
Excises............................................ 7.6 11.7 15.7 24.3 35.3 66.4
Estate and Gift taxes.............................. 0.7 1.6 3.6 6.4 11.5 26.8
Customs Duties..................................... 0.4 1.1 2.4 7.2 16.7 19.1
Miscellaneous Receipts............................. 0.2 1.2 3.4 12.7 28.0 35.8
------------------------------------------------------------
Total \1\.................................... 39.4 92.5 192.7 517.1 1,031.9 1,876.5
On-Budget Revenues................................. 37.3 81.9 159.2 403.9 750.2 1,408.5
Off-Budget Revenues \2\............................ 2.1 10.6 33.5 113.2 281.7 468.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Details may not sum to totals due to rounding.
\2\ Social Security (OASDI) revenues.
Source: CBO February 1999 baseline revenues.
TABLE 4.--CBO BASELINE REVENUES BY SOURCE, AS PERCENT OF GDP, UNDER PAST AND CURRENT LAW
[includes on- and off-budget revenues, fiscal years, in billions of dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Projected
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Individual Income Tax.............................. 5.8 7.9 9.0 9.0 8.2 9.9
Corporate Income Tax............................... 3.8 4.1 3.3 2.4 1.6 2.1
Social Insurance Tax and contributions............. 1.6 2.8 4.4 5.8 6.7 7.0
Excises............................................ 2.8 2.3 1.6 0.9 0.6 0.7
Estate and Gift taxes.............................. 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3
Customs Duties..................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2
Miscellaneous Receipts............................. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4
------------------------------------------------------------
Total \1\.................................... 14.4 17.8 19.1 19.0 18.2 20.6
On-Budget Revenues................................. 13.6 15.8 15.8 14.9 13.2 15.4
Off-Budget Revenues \2\............................ 0.8 2.1 3.3 4.2 5.0 5.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Details may not sum to totals due to rounding.
\2\ Social Security (OASDI) revenues.
Source: CBO February 1999 baseline revenues.
HOUSE BUDGET COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION MINUS THE PRESIDENT'S REQUEST--TOTAL SPENDING AND REVENUES
[In billions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal year--
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000-2004 2000-2009
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY
Total Spending:
BA.................................................... -2.8 -54.2 -71.8 -80.2 -76.7 -84.7 -103.8 -127.5 -150.4 -173.2 -197.1 -367.6 -1,119.6
O..................................................... -0.9 -58.6 -68.8 -99.0 -86.4 -94.1 -110.2 -135.9 -159.6 -182.8 -205.8 -406.9 -1,201.2
On-Budget:
BA................................................ -2.8 -122.6 -132.6 -160.7 -160.0 -187.3 -221.0 -275.8 -327.0 -380.9 -437.7 -763.2 -2,405.6
O................................................. -0.9 -127.0 -129.6 -179.5 -169.7 -196.7 -227.4 -284.2 -336.2 -390.5 -446.4 -802.5 -2,487.2
Off-Budget:
BA................................................ 0.0 68.4 60.8 80.5 83.3 102.6 117.2 148.3 176.6 207.7 240.6 395.6 1,286.0
O................................................. 0.0 68.4 60.8 80.5 83.3 102.6 117.2 148.3 176.6 207.7 240.6 395.6 1,286.0
Revenues:
Total................................................. 0.4 -4.0 -12.5 -51.7 -30.2 -47.7 -57.1 -97.7 -127.6 -143.0 -166.7 -146.1 -738.2
On-Budget............................................. 0.4 -4.0 -12.5 -51.7 -30.2 -47.7 -57.1 -97.7 -127.6 -143.0 -166.7 -146.1 -738.2
Off-Budget............................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 00.0 0.0
Surplus/Deficit (-):
Total................................................. 1.2 54.5 56.4 47.2 56.3 46.4 53.1 38.2 32.0 39.7 39.2 260.9 463.1
On-Budget............................................. 1.2 122.9 117.2 127.7 139.6 149.0 170.3 186.5 208.6 247.5 279.8 656.5 1,749.2
Off-Budget............................................ 0.0 -68.4 -60.8 -80.5 -83.3 -102.6 -117.2 -148.3 -176.6 -207.7 -240.6 -395.6 -1,286.1
BY FUNCTION
National Defense (050):
BA.................................................... 0.9 8.3 3.4 6.2 5.9 5.9 -4.2 -14.8 -26.1 -37.9 -50.1 29.7 -103.4
O..................................................... 0.0 -8.7 1.0 -2.0 -0.2 -0.3 -9.4 -20.6 -32.8 -45.0 -56.7 -10.2 -174.7
International Affairs (150):
BA.................................................... -0.9 -4.9 -5.7 -5.7 -5.9 -5.1 -5.4 -4.6 -4.8 -4.9 -5.0 -27.3 -52.0
O..................................................... -0.5 -2.3 -2.4 -3.4 -3.8 -4.3 -4.8 -4.8 -4.9 -4.9 -4.9 -16.2 -40.5
General Science, Space, and Technology (250):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -1.3 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -7.3 -14.3
O..................................................... 0.0 -0.6 -1.2 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -1.4 -6.0 -13.0
Energy (270):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -1.1 -2.8 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -7.5 -13.5
O..................................................... 0.0 -0.8 -2.5 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -6.9 -12.9
Natural Resources and Environment (300):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -1.8 -1.5 -1.4 -1.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -6.7 -8.6
O..................................................... 0.0 -1.4 -2.2 -2.5 -1.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -8.1 -10.2
Agriculture (350):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 1.3 -3.7
O..................................................... 0.0 -0.4 -0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 -0.2 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 1.0 -3.2
Commerce and Housing Credit (370):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -1.2 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.3 -1.3 -0.3 -5.8 -10.9
O..................................................... 0.0 -1.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1.0 -1.1 -1.0 -1.0 -1.1 -1.1 -0.1 -5.7 -10.0
On-budget:
BA................................................ 0.0 -1.2 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.3 -1.3 -0.3 -5.8 -10.9
O................................................. 0.0 -1.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1.0 -1.1 -1.0 -1.0 -1.1 -1.1 -0.1 -5.7 -10.0
Off-budget:
BA................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Transportation (400):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -2.5 -3.5 -4.7 -5.6 -6.8 -8.0 -9.3 -10.6 -12.0 -13.4 -23.1 -76.4
O..................................................... 0.0 -2.2 -2.7 -3.5 -5.9 -7.5 -9.0 -10.4 -11.8 -13.2 -14.6 -21.8 -80.8
Community and Regional Development (450):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -4.5 -3.8 -3.8 -3.6 -3.6 -3.6 -3.6 -3.6 -3.6 -3.6 -19.3 -37.3
O..................................................... 0.0 -0.2 -1.9 -3.9 -4.1 -4.2 -4.3 -4.2 -4.3 -4.4 -4.4 -14.3 -35.9
Elementary and Secondary Education (501):
BA.................................................... 0.0 1.2 1.3 1.7 3.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 11.4 31.9
O..................................................... 0.0 0.1 0 0.1 1.7 2.8 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.7 25.7
Training, Employment and Social Services (502-506):
BA.................................................... 0.5 -3.3 -5.1 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.1 -5.1 -5.0 -6.1 -23.4 -49.7
O..................................................... 0.5 -0.8 -5.0 -5.5 -5.7 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.3 -6.3 -22.4 -50.2
Health (550):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -1.5 -2.7 -3.0 -3.8 -4.1 -4.6 -5.3 -6.0 -6.6 -7.4 -15.1 -45.0
O..................................................... 0.0 -0.6 -3.0 -3.4 -4.1 -4.3 -4.8 -5.4 -6.0 -6.7 -7.4 -15.4 -45.7
Medicare (570):
BA.................................................... 0.0 1.3 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 9.0 20.2
O..................................................... 0.0 1.4 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 9.2 20.4
Income Security (600):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -12.2 -18.4 -19.3 -14.1 -15.6 -16.5 -19.3 -21.0 -22.6 -24.4 -79.6 -183.4
O..................................................... 0.0 -11.5 -14.3 -18.3 -18.4 -18.0 -16.9 -19.5 -21.2 -22.6 -24.4 -80.5 -185.1
Social Security (650):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -17.9 -14.9 -19.3 -19.3 -23.2 -25.6 -32.1 -37.5 -43.2 -49.1 -94.6 -282.1
O..................................................... 0.0 -17.9 -14.9 -19.3 -19.3 -23.2 -25.6 -32.1 -37.5 -43.2 -49.1 -94.6 -282.1
On-budget:
BA.................................................... 0.0 -84.8 -71.1 -91.7 -90.4 -109.0 -120.6 -151.7 -177.4 -204.7 -232.4 -447.0 -1,333.8
O..................................................... 0.0 -84.8 -71.1 -91.7 -90.4 -109.0 -120.6 -151.7 -177.4 -204.7 -232.4 -447.0 -1,333.8
Off-budget:
BA.................................................... 0.0 66.9 56.2 72.4 71.1 85.8 95.0 119.5 139.8 161.4 183.2 352.4 1,051.3
O..................................................... 0.0 66.9 56.2 72.4 71.1 85.8 95.0 119.5 139.8 161.4 183.2 352.4 1,051.3
Veterans Benefits and Services (700):
BA.................................................... 0.0 0.9 -0.2 -0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.2 3.1
O..................................................... 0.0 1.1 0.1 -0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.9 4.0
Administration of Justice (750):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -3.2 -2.3 -2.5 -2.3 -0.7 -0.5 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 -11.0 -12.1
O..................................................... 0.0 -1.3 -2.1 -2.2 -2.6 -0.9 -0.6 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 -9.1 -10.4
General Government (800):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -1.4 -2.7 -2.2 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.4 -2.3 -10.9 -22.5
O..................................................... 0.0 -1.4 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.2 -2.3 -2.4 -2.4 -2.4 -2.3 -9.9 -21.7
Net Interest (900):
BA.................................................... 0.0 -1.1 -3.8 -6.5 -9.1 -11.7 -14.3 -16.7 -18.5 -20.3 -22.3 -32.2 -124.3
O..................................................... 0.0 -1.1 -3.8 -6.5 -9.1 -11.7 -14.3 -16.7 -18.5 -20.3 -22.3 -32.2 -124.3
On-budget:
BA................................................ 0.0 -2.6 -8.4 -14.6 -21.3 -28.5 -36.5 -45.5 -55.3 -66.6 -79.7 -75.4 -359.0
O................................................. 0.0 -2.6 -8.4 -14.6 -21.3 -28.5 -36.5 -45.5 -55.3 -66.6 -79.7 -75.4 -359.0
Off-budget:
BA.................................................... 0.0 1.5 4.6 8.1 12.2 16.8 22.2 28.8 36.8 46.3 57.4 43.2 234.7
O..................................................... 0.0 1.5 4.6 8.1 12.2 16.8 22.2 28.8 36.8 46.3 57.4 43.2 234.7
Allowances (920):
BA.................................................... -3.3 -8.0 -11.5 -12.4 -13.4 -16.5 -16.8 -17.3 -18.2 -18.7 -19.1 -61.8 -151.9
O..................................................... -0.9 -9.5 -15.2 -24.4 -11.8 -14.9 -16.6 -17.5 -18.5 -19.1 -19.4 -75.8 -166.9
Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (950):
BA.................................................... 0.0 0.8 2.5 -0.5 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 5.4 16.7
O..................................................... 0.0 0.8 2.5 -0.5 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 5.4 16.7
On-budget:
BA................................................ 0.0 0.8 2.5 -0.5 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 5.4 16.7
O................................................. 0.0 0.8 2.5 -0.5 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 5.4 16.7
Off-budget:
BA................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOUSE BUDGET COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION COMPARED TO 1999
TOTAL SPENDING AND REVENUES
[In billion of dollars]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal year--
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY
Total Spending:
BA.................................... 22.4 64.2 105.1 188.9 255.3 323.3 370.0 441.3 520.2 602.3
O..................................... 31.3 70.7 100.5 190.2 255.0 324.3 367.2 432.4 514.9 596.7
On-Budget:
BA................................ 11.7 41.0 72.0 143.0 196.3 250.2 281.7 337.1 398.4 459.1
O................................. 20.6 47.5 67.4 144.3 196.0 251.2 278.9 328.2 393.1 453.5
Off-Budget:
BA................................ 10.7 23.2 33.1 45.9 59.0 73.1 88.3 104.2 121.8 143.2
O................................. 10.7 23.2 33.1 45.9 59.0 73.1 88.3 104.2 121.8 143.2
Revenues:
Total................................. 60.5 107.1 146.5 243.9 318.0 411.8 470.2 545.4 641.2 732.7
On-Budget............................. 38.6 65.5 86.4 162.7 214.3 281.1 314.5 363.3 432.9 497.6
Off-Budget............................ 21.9 41.6 60.1 81.2 103.7 130.7 155.7 182.1 208.3 235.1
Surplus/Deficit (-):
Total................................. 29.3 36.4 45.9 53.5 62.9 87.6 102.9 112.8 126.0 135.9
On-Budget............................. 18.2 17.9 18.9 18.2 18.1 30.1 35.5 35.0 39.5 43.9
Off-Budget............................ 11.1 18.5 27.0 35.3 44.8 57.5 67.4 77.8 86.5 92.0
BY FUNCTION
National Defense (050):
BA.................................... 9.8 24.6 29.1 39.2 48.1 49.3 50.6 51.8 53.1 54.4
O..................................... 1.5 12.8 18.6 30.5 40.3 43.6 42.0 40.6 44.0 44.9
International Affairs (150):
BA.................................... -5.3 -5.9 -6.8 -5.0 -3.1 -2.9 -2.7 -2.6 -2.6 -2.6
O..................................... -0.3 0.3 -0.4 -1.2 -1.5 -1.9 -2.2 -2.4 -2.6 -2.7
General Science, Space, and Technology
(250):
BA.................................... -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9
O..................................... 0.0 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5
Energy (270):
BA.................................... -1.1 -2.6 -1.3 -1.2 -1.5 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.3 -1.2
O..................................... -1.3 -3.8 -1.8 -1.9 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -1.8 -1.7
Natural Resources and Environment (300):
BA.................................... -1.4 -1.7 -1.8 -1.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.2
O..................................... -0.8 -1.4 -2.0 -0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.3
Agriculture (350):
BA.................................... -8.1 -8.9 -10.7 -10.5 -10.4 -11.9 -11.9 -11.7 -11.7 -11.6
O..................................... -7.3 -9.1 -10.4 -10.2 -9.9 -10.5 -11.3 -11.3 -11.3 -11.2
Commerce and Housing Credit (370):
BA.................................... 7.7 8.4 11.9 12.6 11.9 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 11.5
O..................................... 3.4 4.6 8.7 10.0 9.6 8.6 8.3 8.0 7.6 8.0
On-budget:
BA................................ 7.9 8.7 12.5 12.6 11.9 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.7 11.5
O................................. 3.6 4.9 9.3 10.0 9.6 8.6 8.3 8.0 7.6 8.0
Off-budget:
BA................................ -0.2 -0.3 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O................................. -0.2 -0.3 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Transportation (400):
BA.................................... 0.5 -0.3 -0.4 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2
O..................................... 1.9 3.7 3.3 2.8 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Community and Regional Development (450):
BA.................................... -2.8 -4.9 -4.9 -4.6 -4.6 -4.6 -4.6 -4.6 -4.6 -4.6
O..................................... -0.7 -2.3 -4.3 -5.3 -5.9 -6.6 -6.9 -7.0 -7.1 -7.1
Elementary and Secondary Education (501):
BA.................................... 5.2 7.2 7.6 9.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
O..................................... 2.3 4.1 4.9 6.6 7.8 8.7 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
Training, Employment and Social Services
(502-506):
BA.................................... -0.9 -2.7 -3.0 -1.5 -1.1 -0.3 0.4 1.3 2.3 2.3
O..................................... 1.5 -0.1 -1.0 0.0 0.3 0.9 1.7 2.5 3.5 3.5
Health (550):
BA.................................... 8.7 16.6 25.8 37.2 50.4 65.3 80.9 98.9 117.7 138.0
O..................................... 12.3 21.6 33.1 44.6 57.8 71.9 87.6 104.8 123.7 144.2
Medicare (570):
BA.................................... 13.4 26.9 35.4 55.5 73.3 100.3 111.5 142.3 170.4 198.8
O..................................... 14.1 27.7 35.6 56.3 74.1 100.6 112.3 143.2 170.6 199.6
Income Security (600):
BA.................................... 9.2 15.2 27.5 41.8 51.0 63.3 69.5 75.4 88.7 98.9
O..................................... 9.9 19.3 28.8 38.6 47.8 60.6 67.0 73.4 87.2 97.5
Social Security (650):
BA.................................... 16.6 35.5 55.3 76.4 99.2 123.9 150.3 178.1 208.4 243.0
O..................................... 16.6 35.3 55.1 76.2 99.0 123.8 150.1 177.9 208.2 242.8
On-budget:
BA................................ -0.3 -0.7 1.1 1.8 2.6 3.4 4.4 5.4 6.5 7.7
O................................. -0.3 -0.9 0.9 1.6 2.4 3.3 4.2 5.2 6.3 7.5
Off-budget:
BA................................ 16.9 36.2 54.2 74.6 96.6 120.5 145.9 172.7 201.9 235.3
O................................. 16.9 36.2 54.2 74.6 96.6 120.5 145.9 172.7 201.9 235.3
Veterans Benefits and Services (700):
BA.................................... 1.7 1.2 1.7 2.9 3.2 5.7 4.2 4.8 5.4 6.1
O..................................... 2.1 2.0 2.2 3.4 3.8 6.4 4.9 3.3 6.1 6.7
Administration of Justice (750):
BA.................................... -3.2 -2.2 -2.2 -2.1 -0.5 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2
O..................................... 0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.7 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3
General Government (800):
BA.................................... -4.9 -5.3 -5.2 -5.1 -5.1 -5.1 -5.1 -5.1 -5.1 -5.3
O..................................... -2.3 -3.1 -3.5 -3.6 -3.6 -3.8 -3.9 -3.9 -3.7 -3.8
Net Interest (900):
BA.................................... -11.7 -22.4 -33.1 -43.0 -52.9 -64.2 -76.1 -87.9 -100.9 -114.0
O..................................... -11.7 -22.4 -33.1 -43.0 -52.9 -64.2 -76.1 -87.9 -100.9 -114.0
On-budget:
BA................................ -6.3 -10.8 -14.4 -16.7 -18.4 -20.8 -23.2 -24.8 -27.1 -29.1
O................................. -6.3 -10.8 -14.4 -16.7 -18.4 -20.8 -23.2 -24.8 -27.1 -29.1
Off-budget:
BA................................ -5.4 -11.6 -18.7 -26.3 -34.5 -43.4 -52.9 -63.1 -73.8 -84.9
O................................. -5.4 -11.6 -18.7 -26.3 -34.5 -43.4 -52.9 -63.1 -73.8 -84.9
Allowances (920):
BA.................................... -8.0 -8.5 -6.4 -4.4 -4.5 -4.5 -4.6 -5.2 -5.3 -5.3
O..................................... -8.1 -12.9 -20.0 -4.8 -5.0 -5.1 -5.2 -5.8 -5.9 -5.9
Undistributed Offsetting:
BA.................................... -2.1 -5.3 -12.7 -6.7 -7.5 -9.3 -10.8 -12.7 -14.5 -16.3
O..................................... -2.1 -5.3 -12.7 -6.7 -7.5 -9.3 -10.8 -12.7 -14.5 -16.3
Receipts (950):
On-budget:
BA................................ -1.5 -4.2 -10.9 -4.3 -4.4 -5.3 -6.1 -7.3 -8.2 -9.1
O................................. -1.5 -4.2 -10.9 -4.3 -4.4 -5.3 -6.1 -7.3 -8.2 -9.1
Off-budget:
BA................................ -0.6 -1.1 -1.8 -2.4 -3.1 -4.0 -4.7 -5.4 -6.3 -7.2
O................................. -0.6 -1.1 -1.8 -2.4 -3.1 -4.0 -4.7 -5.4 -6.3 -7.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Function 150 Budget Authority excludes 1999 IMF budget authority in the amount of $17.9 billion.
HOUSE BUDGET COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION COMPARED TO 1999
TOTAL SPENDING AND REVENUES
[Percentage change]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal year--
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY
Total Spending:
BA.................................... 0.2 2.6 5.0 9.8 13.6 17.5 20.1 24.2 28.7 33.4
O..................................... 1.8 4.1 5.9 11.2 15.0 19.0 21.6 25.4 30.2 35.0
On-Budget:
BA................................ -0.4 1.6 3.8 8.7 12.5 16.2 18.4 22.3 26.6 30.8
O................................. 1.5 3.4 4.9 10.4 14.1 18.1 20.1 23.7 28.3 32.7
Off-Budget:
BA................................ 3.4 7.3 10.5 14.5 18.6 23.1 27.9 33.0 38.5 45.3
O................................. 3.4 7.3 10.5 14.5 18.6 23.1 27.9 33.0 38.5 45.3
Revenues:
Total................................. 3.3 5.9 8.1 13.4 17.5 22.7 25.9 30.0 35.3 40.3
On-Budget............................. 2.8 4.8 6.3 11.9 15.6 20.5 23.0 26.5 31.6 36.3
Off-Budget............................ 4.9 9.3 13.5 18.2 23.2 29.3 34.9 40.8 46.7 52.7
Surplus/Deficit (-):
Total................................. 26.2 32.5 41.0 47.8 56.2 78.2 91.9 100.7 112.5 121.3
On-Budget............................. -102.3 -100.8 -106.5 -102.4 -101.8 -169.0 -199.6 -196.8 -222.1 -247.1
Off-Budget............................ 8.6 14.2 20.8 27.2 34.5 44.3 51.9 60.0 66.6 70.9
BY FUNCTION
National Defense (050):
BA.................................... 3.5 8.8 10.4 14.1 17.3 17.7 18.1 18.6 19.0 19.5
O..................................... 0.5 4.7 6.8 11.2 14.8 15.9 15.4 14.9 16.1 16.4
International Affairs (150):
BA.................................... -32.3 -35.7 -40.9 -30.0 -18.5 -17.5 -16.2 -15.9 -15.4 -15.7
O..................................... -2.2 1.9 -2.7 -8.1 -10.0 -12.7 -14.6 -15.9 -17.3 -18.3
General Science, Space, and Technology
(250):
BA.................................... -4.7 -4.8 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0 -5.0
O..................................... -0.1 -1.8 -2.0 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.6 -2.6 -2.6 -2.6
Energy (270):
BA.................................... -95.7 -226.0 -114.3 -107.4 -128.0 -139.2 -139.7 -144.4 -118.3 -106.7
O..................................... -196.0 -563.2 -268.1 -283.6 -304.0 -314.5 -314.6 -311.4 -267.9 -257.6
Natural Resources and Environment (300):
BA.................................... -5.7 -7.1 -7.3 -7.1 -3.0 -2.8 -2.7 -2.2 -2.3 -0.7
O..................................... -3.4 -6.0 -8.6 -3.7 0.3 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 1.3
Agriculture (350):
BA.................................... -36.2 -39.8 -47.5 -46.8 -46.2 -53.0 -52.8 -52.3 -52.1 -51.7
O..................................... -35.6 -44.8 -50.9 -49.8 -48.5 -51.6 -55.5 -55.2 -55.1 -54.9
Commerce and Housing Credit (370):
BA.................................... 401.2 432.6 614.8 652.0 617.3 555.3 554.0 555.6 554.3 594.4
O..................................... 408.9 543.4 1032.6 1190.0 1138.3 1019.5 983.0 953.3 902.4 946.7
On-budget:
BA................................ 410.6 449.7 647.9 652.0 617.3 555.3 554.0 555.6 554.3 594.4
O................................. 430.2 582.6 1108.5 1190.0 1138.3 1019.5 983.0 953.3 902.4 946.7
Off-budget:
BA................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
O................................. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Transportation (400):
BA.................................... 1.0 -0.5 -0.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3
O..................................... 4.2 8.5 7.5 6.4 5.2 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8
Community and Regional Development (450):
BA.................................... -27.6 -47.9 -47.8 -44.6 -45.0 -45.1 -45.1 -45.2 -45.2 -45.1
O..................................... -6.5 -20.3 -38.1 -46.4 -51.7 -57.9 -60.2 -61.2 -62.1 -62.4
Elementary and Secondary Education (501):
BA.................................... 31.1 43.0 45.4 53.7 59.7 59.7 59.7 59.7 59.7 59.7
O..................................... 12.8 23.0 27.4 37.1 43.6 48.9 50.3 50.6 50.6 50.6
Training, Employment and Social Services
(502-506):
BA.................................... -2.1 -6.2 -6.8 -3.3 -2.6 -0.7 1.0 3.0 5.3 5.1
O..................................... 3.6 -0.3 -2.5 -0.1 0.7 2.2 4.1 6.1 8.4 8.3
Health (550):
BA.................................... 5.9 11.3 17.5 25.2 34.2 44.3 54.8 67.0 79.8 93.6
O..................................... 8.7 15.4 23.5 31.7 41.1 51.1 62.3 74.5 87.9 102.5
Medicare (570):
BA.................................... 6.9 13.8 18.1 28.4 37.6 51.4 57.1 72.9 87.3 101.9
O..................................... 7.2 14.2 18.3 28.9 38.1 51.7 57.7 73.6 87.7 102.6
Income Security (600):
BA.................................... 3.9 6.5 11.7 17.8 21.7 26.9 29.6 32.1 37.7 42.1
O..................................... 4.2 8.1 12.1 16.2 20.1 25.4 28.1 30.8 36.6 41.0
Social Security (650):
BA.................................... 4.3 9.1 14.1 19.6 25.4 31.7 38.5 45.6 53.4 62.2
O..................................... 4.2 9.0 14.1 19.5 25.3 31.7 38.4 45.5 53.3 62.1
On-budget:
BA................................ -1.9 -5.1 7.3 12.3 17.7 23.7 30.2 37.1 44.9 53.2
O................................. -2.2 -6.3 6.0 10.9 16.3 22.2 28.6 35.5 43.2 51.3
Off-budget
BA................................ 4.5 9.6 14.4 19.8 25.7 32.0 38.8 45.9 53.7 62.6
O................................. 4.5 9.6 14.4 19.8 25.7 32.0 38.8 45.9 53.7 62.6
Veterans Benefits and Services (700):
BA.................................... 3.9 2.8 3.9 6.6 7.4 13.3 9.8 11.1 12.6 14.1
O..................................... 5.0 4.8 5.1 8.0 8.8 14.8 11.4 7.7 14.1 15.7
Administration of Justice (750):
BA.................................... -12.2 -7.6 -7.6 -7.9 -1.8 -1.3 -1.2 1.0 -0.9 -0.7
O..................................... 1.0 0.1 -0.6 -2.7 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.1
General Government (800):
BA.................................... -28.4 -30.8 -30.0 -29.8 -29.8 -29.7 -29.5 -29.5 -29.3 -29.3
O..................................... -14.4 -20.0 -22.0 -22.9 -22.6 -24.4 -24.8 -24.6 -23.4 -24.2
Net Interest (900):
BA.................................... -5.1 -9.8 -14.4 -18.8 -23.1 -28.0 -33.2 -38.3 -44.0 -49.7
O..................................... -5.1 -9.8 -14.4 -18.8 -23.1 -28.0 -33.2 -38.3 -44.0 -49.7
On-budget:
BA................................ -2.2 -3.8 -5.1 -5.9 -6.5 -7.4 -8.2 -8.8 -9.6 -10.3
O................................. -2.2 -3.8 -5.1 -5.9 -6.5 -7.4 -8.2 -8.8 -9.6 -10.3
Off-budget:
BA................................ 10.3 22.2 35.6 50.2 65.9 82.8 101.0 120.4 140.8 162.1
O................................. 10.3 22.2 35.6 50.2 65.9 82.8 101.0 120.4 140.8 162.1
Allowances (920):
BA.................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
O..................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Undistributed Offsetting:
BA.................................... 5.4 13.1 31.6 16.7 18.7 23.2 26.8 31.8 36.2 40.7
O..................................... 5.4 13.1 31.6 16.7 18.7 23.2 26.8 31.8 36.2 40.7
Receipts (950):
On-budget:
BA................................ 4.7 12.7 33.3 13.1 13.4 16.3 18.5 22.4 25.0 27.7
O................................. 4.7 12.7 33.3 13.1 13.4 16.3 18.5 22.4 25.0 27.7
Off-budget:
BA................................ 8.4 14.9 24.0 32.9 42.5 53.8 63.6 73.4 86.0 98.1
O................................. 8.4 14.9 24.0 32.9 42.5 53.8 63.6 73.4 86.0 98.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Function 150 Budget Authority excludes 1999 IMF budget authority in the amount of $17.9 billion.
THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET PROCESS
The spending and revenue levels established in the budget
resolution are executed through two parallel, but separate,
mechanisms: allocations to the appropriations and authorizing
committees, and reconciliation directives to the authorizing
committees. The budget resolution may include instructions
directing the authorizing committees to report legislation
complying with entitlement, revenue, or deficit reduction
targets. The report accompanying the budget resolution
allocates to the Appropriations Committee and authorizing
committees their respective shares of spending authority.
spending allocations
As required under Section 302(a) of the Congressional
Budget Act of 1974, the discretionary spending levels
established in the budget resolution are allocated to the
Appropriations Committee and the mandatory spending levels are
allocated to each of the authorizing committees with mandatory
spending authority. These levels can be enforced through points
of order as discussed in the section ``Enforcing the Budget
Resolution.'' Amounts provided under current law encompass
programs that affect direct spending--entitlement and other
programs that have spending authority or offsetting receipts.
Amounts subject to discretionary action refer to programs that
require subsequent legislation to provide the necessary
spending authority.
Budget resolutions have traditionally included 5-year
allocations of budget authority and outlays for each of the
authorizing committees. This budget resolution provides for 10-
year allocations of budget authority and outlays for each of
the authorizing committees. The flexibility to provide 10-year
allocations is found in section 302 of the Budget Act (as
modified by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997) which requires
that allocations of budget authority be provided in the budget
resolution for the first fiscal year and at least the 4 ensuing
fiscal years (except for the Committee on Appropriations).
Committee on Appropriations
The report accompanying the budget resolution allocates a
lump sum of discretionary budget authority that is assumed in
the resolution and corresponding outlays to the Committee on
Appropriations.
Term. The allocation to the Appropriations Committee is for
the fiscal year commencing on October 1, 1999. Unlike the
authorizing committees, the Appropriations Committee does not
receive a 10-year allocation of budget authority and outlays.
Allocations. Upon receiving its 302(a) allocation, the
Appropriations Committee is required to divide the allocation
among its 13 subcommittees. The amount that each subcommittee
receives constitutes its allocation under 302(b).
Adjustments Made Under the Congressional Budget Act.
Section 314 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 establishes
a process by which the budget resolution can accommodate
programs for which spending authority was not assumed in the
budget resolution. Section 314 directs the Chairman of the
Budget Committee to make adjustments to the 302(a) allocations
and the budgetary aggregates for five purposes. Through these
adjustments, additional budget authority and outlays will be
made available for Continuing Disability Reviews, special
drawing rights, arrearages to international organizations,
designated emergencies, and an Earned Income Tax Credit
Compliance Initiative. The Office of Management and Budget
makes similar adjustments to the discretionary spending limits
under section 251 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit
Control Act of 1985 (see section on Statutory Controls Over the
Budget).
Authorizing committees
The authorizing committees are allocated a lump sum of new
budget authority along with the corresponding outlays. This
spending authority must be provided through subsequent
legislation and is not controlled through the annual
appropriations process. The budget authority allocated to these
committees is categorized as subject to discretionary action
when the resolution assumes a new or expanded mandatory program
or a reduction in an existing program.
Term. Since the spending authority for the authorizing
committees is multiyear or permanent, the allocations are for
the forthcoming budget year commencing on October 1 and the 10-
year total for fiscal year 2000 through fiscal year 2009.
Authorizing committees are not required to file 302(b)
allocations.
In order to enforce these allocations, Members may raise a
point of order against spending legislation that exceeds a
committee's allocation (see section on Enforcing the Budget
Resolution).
As required by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, the
allocations are divided into general purpose discretionary,
highway, and mass transit spending. These levels do not
constitute separate allocations and hence are not subject to
points of order under section 302(f) of the Budget Act.
The allocations for fiscal year 2000, and fiscal years 2000
through 2009, are as follows:
ALLOCATIONS OF SPENDING AUTHORITY TO HOUSE COMMITTEES
Appropriations Committee
[In millions of dollars]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgut
Fiscal year 2000 authority Outlays
------------------------------------------------------------------------
General Purpose \1\..................... 531,771 536,700
Violent Crime Reduction \1\............. 4,500 5,554
Highways \1\............................ 0 24,574
Mass Transit \1\........................ 0 4,117
-------------------------------
Total Discretionary Action........ 536,271 570,945
Current Law Mandatory................... 321,108 303,938
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Shown for display purposes only.
ALLOCATIONS OF SPENDING AUTHORITY TO HOUSE COMMITTEES--COMMITTEES OTHER THAN APPROPRIATIONS
[By budget year]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Total
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20002004 20002009
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE
Current Law:
BA...................... 11,042 8,795 6,983 2,709 2,579 2,637 2,686 2,743 2,792 3,222 32,108 46,188
OT...................... 8,134 5,109 3,999 -259 -174 -160 -169 -146 -196 172 16,809 16,310
Reauthorizations:
BA...................... 0 0 0 28,391 29,177 29,873 30,549 31,282 31,964 32,701 57,568 213,937
OT...................... 0 0 0 27,737 29,167 29,864 30,530 31,262 31,945 32,681 56,904 213,186
Discretionary Action:
BA...................... 0 1,415 1,465 1,525 1,595 0 0 0 0 0 6,000 6,000
OT...................... 0 700 1,411 1,495 1,559 835 0 0 0 0 5,165 6,000
Total:
BA...................... 11,042 10,210 8,448 32,625 33,351 32,510 33,235 34,025 34,756 35,923 95,676 266,125
OT...................... 8,134 5,809 5,410 28,973 30,552 30,539 30,361 31,116 31,749 32,853 78,878 235,496
ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE
Current Law:
BA...................... 49,330 50,977 52,705 54,405 56,367 58,198 60,111 62,038 63,980 66,038 263,784 574,149
OT...................... 49,415 50,940 52,597 54,315 56,276 58,107 60,018 61,944 63,885 65,942 263,543 573,439
BANKING AND FINANCIAL
SERVICES COMMITTEE
Current Law:
BA...................... 4,676 5,345 5,319 5,619 4,946 5,303 5,488 5,748 5,924 6,075 25,905 54,443
OT...................... -1,839 -675 -169 327 -80 386 235 54 -178 -387 -2,436 -2,326
COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND
THE WORKFORCE
Current Law:
BA...................... 4,790 5,222 5,508 5,403 5,154 5,367 5,578 5,807 6,021 6,234 26,077 55,084
OT...................... 4,188 4,618 4,969 5,016 4,811 4,871 5,070 5,277 5,477 5,668 23,602 49,965
Reauthorizations:
BA...................... ........ ........ 305 305 810 835 859 3,692 3,791 3,893 1,420 14,490
OT...................... ........ ........ 58 244 721 831 856 2,846 3,680 3,864 1,023 13,100
Discretionary Action:
BA...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
OT...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total:
BA...................... 4,790 5,222 5,813 5,708 5,964 6,202 6,437 9,499 9,812 10,127 27,497 69,574
OT...................... 4,188 4,618 5,027 5,260 5,532 5,702 5,926 8,123 9,157 9,532 24,625 63,065
COMMERCE COMMITTEE
Current Law:
BA...................... 10,268 12,255 15,762 16,037 16,327 17,417 17,508 18,551 18,643 18,638 70,649 161,406
OT...................... 8,365 10,951 16,470 16,962 17,327 17,630 17,849 18,072 18,300 18,335 70,075 160,261
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
COMMITTEE
Current Law:
BA...................... 9,362 9,171 8,509 7,860 7,734 7,876 7,740 7,721 7,965 7,924 42,636 81,862
OT...................... 11,984 11,553 11,608 9,397 8,411 8,384 8,018 7,898 8,014 7,992 52,953 93,259
GOVERNMENT REFORM COMMITTEE
Current Law:
BA...................... 59,501 61,320 63,344 65,557 67,979 70,502 73,076 75,755 78,591 81,514 317,701 697,139
OT...................... 57,941 59,703 61,674 63,848 66,208 68,662 71,162 73,746 76,482 78,953 309,374 678,379
COMMITTEE ON HOUSE
ADMINISTRATION
Current Law:
BA...................... 114 95 93 93 93 94 92 92 92 92 488 950
OT...................... 289 45 28 57 241 56 30 63 233 98 660 1,140
RESOURCES COMMITTEE
Current Law:
BA...................... 2,398 2,301 2,127 2,166 2,098 2,111 2,150 2,190 2,238 2,367 11,090 22,146
OT...................... 2,271 2,319 2,125 2,191 2,161 2,175 2,247 2,315 2,378 2,444 11,067 22,626
JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
Current Law:
BA...................... 4,759 4,737 4,704 4,773 4,818 3,364 3,445 3,502 3,566 3,647 23,791 41,315
OT...................... 4,235 4,529 4,620 4,681 4,727 3,283 3,339 3,393 3,449 3,519 22,792 39,775
TRANSPORTATION AND
INFRASTRUCTURE COMMITTEE
Current Law:
BA...................... 51,081 50,632 51,684 52,832 15,100 15,178 15,371 15,528 16,091 16,520 221,329 300,017
OT...................... 16,152 16,151 15,992 15,997 15,694 15,482 15,489 15,537 16,040 16,441 79,986 158,975
Reauthorizations:
BA...................... 0 0 0 0 37,673 37,673 37,673 37,673 37,673 37,673 37,673 226,038
OT...................... 0 0 0 0 104 306 452 538 590 615 104 2,605
Discretionary Action:
BA...................... 2,410 2,410 2,410 2,410 2,410 2,410 2,410 2,410 2,410 2,410 12,050 24,100
OT...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total:
BA...................... 53,491 53,042 54,094 55,242 55,183 55,261 55,454 55,611 56,174 56,603 271,052 550,155
OT...................... 16,152 16,151 15,992 15,997 15,798 15,788 15,941 16,075 16,630 17,056 80,090 161,580
SCIENCE COMMITTEE
Current Law:
BA...................... 92 83 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 322 567
OT...................... 72 80 80 58 51 49 49 49 49 49 341 586
SMALL BUSINESS COMMITTEE
Current Law:
BA...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
OT...................... -155 -140 -125 -110 -95 -75 -55 -35 -20 -10 -625 -820
VETERANS' AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
Current Law:
BA...................... 1,106 1,058 1,002 1,044 887 813 746 689 629 566 5,097 8,540
OT...................... 1,377 1,440 1,371 1,481 1,416 1,380 1,358 1,331 1,312 1,280 7,085 13,746
Discretionary Action:
BA...................... 394 874 1,367 1,868 2,390 3,132 3,475 4,036 4,610 5,199 6,893 27,345
OT...................... 360 833 1,325 1,824 2,347 3,132 3,475 3,694 4,562 5,150 6,689 26,702
Total:
BA...................... 1,500 1,932 2,369 2,912 3,277 3,945 4,221 4,725 5,239 5,765 11,990 35,885
OT...................... 1,737 2,273 2,696 3,305 3,763 4,512 4,833 5,025 5,874 6,430 13,774 40,448
WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE
Current Law:
BA...................... 668,264 685,703 697,617 702,501 724,818 754,418 766,064 796,757 822,906 848,254 3,478,903 7,467,302
OT...................... 663,521 681,362 693,683 701,623 723,563 752,546 764,688 795,366 820,845 846,731 3,463,752 7,443,928
Reauthorizations:
BA...................... 0 0 0 19,542 19,542 19,542 19,542 19,542 19,542 19,542 39,084 136,794
OT...................... 0 0 0 17,559 18,667 19,317 19,967 20,667 21,367 22,117 36,226 139,661
Discretionary Action:
BA...................... 0 400 400 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 2,000 5,000
OT...................... 0 400 400 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 2,000 5,000
Total:
BA...................... 668,264 686,103 698,017 722,643 744,960 774,560 786,206 816,899 843,048 868,396 3,519,987 7,609,096
OT...................... 663,521 681,762 694,083 719,782 742,830 772,463 785,255 816,633 842,812 869,448 3,501,978 7,588,589
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
safe deposit box for social security trust funds
Section 5 establishes a safe deposit box for Social
Security surpluses. Subsection (a) finds that Social Security
is off-budget for purposes of the President's budget submission
and the congressional budget process; the Old Age Survivors and
Disability Insurance [OASDI] trust funds have been running
surpluses for 17 years; and that these surpluses have been
implicitly used to finance general operations of the Federal
government. Subsection (a) also finds that this resolution is
the first budget resolution to balance the budget without
counting the Social Security surpluses. It also finds that the
only way to ensure that Social Security surpluses are not used
for other purposes is to balance the budget without using the
Social Security surpluses.
Subsection (b) establishes a freestanding rule prohibiting
the consideration in the House and Senate of any budget
resolution that sets forth an on-budget deficit. It recognizes
that to the extent the budget resolution establishes an on-
budget deficit, it is implicitly relying on Social Security to
finance the general operations of the Federal government.
Paragraph (1) clarifies that, for purposes of this section, the
deficit levels are those set forth in the resolution pursuant
to section 301 of the Budget Act. They may not include any
adjustment to those aggregates for rulemaking provisions that
provide for contingent adjustments in the aggregates for
legislation that would strengthen retirement security, or
extend the solvency of Medicare or reform its benefit or
payment structure. Consistent with the enforcement of
comparable requirements in the Congressional Budget Act, this
rule may only be waived by a majority of the House and 60
Members of the Senate.
Subsection (c) states that it is the sense of Congress that
Congress should consider legislation that changes the budgetary
treatment of Social Security in two ways. First of all,
paragraph (1) provides that Congress should consider
legislation that would establish a statutory limit on debt held
by the public at levels that assume a reduction equal the
amount of the Social Security surpluses. By reducing the debt
held by the public by the amount of the Social Security
surpluses, these surpluses would effectively be used to reduce
the Federal debt.
Secondly, paragraph (2) states that legislation should be
considered that would require that any official statement on
the surpluses or deficit totals of the Federal government to
exclude the outlays and receipts of the Social Security trust
funds and related provisions in the Internal Revenue Code. This
requirement specifically extends to the Office of Management
and Budget, the Congressional Budget Office, and ``any other
agency or instrumentality of the Federal Government'' (italics
added). Similar language has beenintroduced as part of such
freestanding bills as H.R. 863, offered by Representatives Herger and
Minge; and H.R. 853, offered by Representatives Nussle, Cardin, and
Goss (which is virtually identical to H.R. 4837 (105th Congress)).
reserve funds
Section 6 establishes a reserve fund for retirement
security and Medicare legislation. This so-called reserve fund
is actually a set of procedures for adjusting the levels in the
budget resolution to accommodate retirement security and
Medicare legislation. The sum of any adjustments under this
section may not exceed the projected Social Security surpluses.
The adjustments are solely for legislation that would
strengthen retirement security or reform Medicare. The
committee intends that any retirement security legislation
under this section would augment and strengthen the Social
Security program without directly amending the Social Security
Act (since the Social Security program is technically outside
the congressional budget process). It similarly intends that
any Medicare legislation considered under this section would be
in response to the President's Medicare Commission. Although
the legislation need not be actually recommended by the
Commission, it must extend the solvency of Medicare or reform
its benefit or payment structure.
Any adjustments are at the discretion of the Budget
Committee chairman, but if the chairman makes the adjustments
it must be in the amount the spending authority or revenue loss
provided by, or resulting from, the legislation. However, the
maximum adjustments for all bills considered pursuant to this
section is an amount equal to the projected Social Security
surpluses. If such legislation is considered before the mid-
session report, the projected on-budget surplus is based on the
levels set forth in this report. If the legislation is
considered after CBO's mid-session report, then the levels are
based on the projected levels in that report. Finally,
subsection (c) specifies that no adjustment may be made if the
legislation, together with any other legislation considered
under this section, would exceed the estimated Social Security
surplus for any of the following intervals: fiscal year 2000,
the 5-year total, or the 10-year total. Accordingly, the
Congressional Budget Office [CBO] is directed to include an up-
to-date estimate of the Social Security surpluses in its mid-
session report.
The adjustments are to be made when the bill is reported
from committee, an amendment is offered to the bill, or the
conference report accompanying the bill is filed. The
adjustments must be made at the specified times or the
legislation could breech the appropriate allocations and
aggregates in the budget resolution and hence be subject to a
point of order.
Section 7 also provides a reserve fund for special
education. Like the reserve fund for retirement security and
Medicare in section 6, this reserve fund includes procedures to
increase the appropriate levels in the budget resolution for
legislation providing appropriations for special education. The
amount of any adjustment is capped at an amount equal to any
projected increase in the on-budget surplus.
The adjustment is at the discretion of the Budget Committee
chairman who will consult with the other members of the Budget
Committee in making any adjustments. The adjustment may be in
any amount up to the amount appropriated for special education,
but not to exceed an amount consistent with a Federal
contribution of 40 percent of the authorized levels. To ensure
that appropriations for special education do not come out of
the Social Security surpluses, the maximum adjustment in any
fiscal year may not exceed an up-to-date projection of the on-
budget surplus for that fiscal year.
The adjustments are to be made when the appropriate bill is
reported, an amendment to the bill is offered, or the
conference report accompanying the bill is filed. Subsection
(c) directs the Director of the Congressional Budget Office to
provide up-to-date estimates of the surplus at the request of
the chairman of the House Budget Committee.
Section 8 clarifies the applications and effect of any
adjustments pursuant to sections 6 and 7. Subsection (a)
clarifies that the adjustment applies only when the bill is
under consideration and does not permanentlytake effect until
the bill is enacted. Subsection (a) also requires the Budget Committee
Chairman to submit any revised allocations in the Congressional Record.
Subsection (b) clarifies that the adjusted allocations and
aggregates are effective for ``all purposes under the Budget
Act.'' In other words, any bill that exceeds the adjusted
allocations or aggregates is subject to a point of order under
302(f) and 311(a) of the Congressional Budget Act. Similarly,
any tax bill that would reduce revenues below the adjusted
revenue levels would be subject to a point of order under
section 311(a).
CBO's updated budget projections
Section 9 directs the Director of the Congressional Budget
Office to make up-to-date budgetary estimates of the current
fiscal year on a quarterly basis. These estimates are to
include the estimated outlays, receipts, and surplus.
Additionally, these estimates must include both on and off-
budget amounts. Currently, CBO makes adjustments in its Budget
and Economic Outlook in early February, the re-estimate of the
President's budget in March or April, and in the mid session
update in August. In addition, CBO provides monthly comparisons
between CBO's budgetary projections and actual cash flows based
on monthly statements from the Department of the Treasury.
reconciliation instructions
As provided in Section 310(a) of the Congressional Budget
Act of 1974, the budget resolution includes reconciliation
instructions to the Ways and Means Committee to report to the
House changes in tax law necessary to achieve the revenue
targets in the budget resolution.
Term. The reconciliation targets are for fiscal year 2000;
the 5-year total for fiscal years 2000 through 2004; and 10-
year total for fiscal years 2000 through 2009. The Ways and
Means Committee has discretion in the levels that it would
achieve in any given year in fiscal years 2001 through fiscal
year 2009, so long as the committee complies with its targets
for the first year and the 5-year and 10-year totals.
HOUSE BUDGET COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION
FISCAL YEAR 2000 BUDGET RESOLUTION RECONCILIATION BY HOUSE COMMITTEE
[In billions of dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 to 2000 to
Committee 1999 Base 2000 2004 2009
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ways & Means
Total Revenues........................................ 1,369.9 1,408.5 7,416.8 16,155.7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENFORCING THE BUDGET RESOLUTION
The budget resolution is more than a planning document. The
allocations of spending authority and the aggregate levels of
both spending authority and revenues are binding on the
Congress when it considers subsequent spending and tax
legislation. Legislation that would breach the levels set forth
in the budget resolution is subject to points of order on the
floor.
Any Member of the House may raise a point of order against
any tax or spending that creates new entitlement authority
during certain points in a calendar year, or breeches the
allocations and aggregate spending levels established in the
budget resolution. If the point of order is sustained, the
House is precluded from further consideration of the measure.
The major Budget Act requirements are as follows:
Section 302(f). Prohibits consideration of legislation that
exceeds a committee's allocation of new budget authority.
Section 302(f) applies to the budget year and the 10-year total
for authorizing committees. For appropriations bills, however,
it applies only to the budget year. An exception is provided
for legislation that is offset by tax increases above and
beyond those required by the budget resolution.
Section 303(a). Prohibits consideration of spending and tax
legislation before the House has passed a budget resolution.
Section 303(a) does not apply to budget authority and revenue
provisions first effective in an outyear or to appropriation
bills after May 15.
Section 311(a)(1). Prohibits consideration of legislation
that exceeds the ceiling on budget authority and outlays or
reduces revenue below the revenue floor. Section 311(a)(1)
applies to the budget year and 10-year total for bills
increasing revenue, but only to the budget year for
appropriations bills. Section 311 does not apply to spending
bills that are under their 302(a) allocations.
Section 401(a). Prohibits consideration of legislation
providing borrowing authority, new credit authority, or
contract authority that is not subject to discretionary
appropriations.
Section 401(b)(1). Prohibits consideration of legislation
creating new entitlement authority in the year preceding the
budget year. Does not apply to trust funds primarily financed
by earmarked taxes.
Under sections 303(g), 308(b)(2), and 311(c) of the Budget
Act, the Budget Committee advises the presiding officer on the
application of points of order against specific legislation
pending before the House. House Budget Committee rules also
authorize the chairman to poll the committee on recommendations
to the Rules Committee to enforce the Budget Act by not waiving
points of order against specific legislation.
Senate Enforcement Procedures. In the Balanced Budget Act,
the Senate reaffirmed the extension of the pay-as-you-go point
of order through fiscal year 2002. This point of order
prohibits the consideration of any mandatory spending or tax
legislation that would increase the deficit in the first fiscal
year, the first 5 fiscal years or the second 5 fiscal years
covered by the most recently passed budget resolution. Sixty
votes are required to waive the point of order.
STATUTORY CONTROLS OVER THE BUDGET
In addition to the allocations and aggregate spending
levels in the budget resolution, the Federal budget is subject
to statutorily established spending limits and budgetary
controls. The Balanced Budget Act revised and extended the caps
on discretionary spending as well as the pay-as-you-go [PAYGO]
requirements for entitlement and tax legislation. Both the
spending caps and PAYGO requirements are enforced with
automatic spending cuts through a process know as
sequestration.
discretionary spending limits
Under the BBA there is a combined limit on all
discretionary appropriations for fiscal years 2000 through
2003. In addition, the 1998 highway authorization act
(``Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century'' or TEA-21)
set forth separate categories for highway and mass transit
spending for fiscal years 1999 through 2003.
The BBA provides automatic adjustments to the spending caps
for appropriations bills that provide budget authority and the
resulting outlays (subject to certain limitations) for
emergencies, estimating differences in outlays, continuing
disability reviews, the International Monetary Fund [IMF],
international arrearages, and an Earned Income Tax Credit
compliance initiative. Similarly, TEA-21 provides for an
automatic cap adjustment for changes in revenue relating to the
highway spending category.
CURRENT STATUTORY CAPS BY BUDGET ENFORCEMENT ACT CATEGORY
[In millions of dollars]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fiscal year 2000- 2001- 2002
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General Purpose:
BA.......................................................... 531,771 541,324 550,382
O........................................................... 536,700 539,940 534,972
Violent Crime Reduction:
BA.......................................................... 4,500 na na
O........................................................... 5,554 na na
Highways:
BA.......................................................... na na na
O........................................................... 24,574 26,219 26,663
Mass Transit:
BA.......................................................... na na na
O........................................................... 4,117 4,888 5,384
-----------------------------------------------
Total:
BA.......................................................... 536,271 541,324 550,382
O........................................................... 570,945 571,047 567,019
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: Office of Management and Budget, Budget Enforcement Act.
Preview Report, February 1, 1999.
pay-as-you-go requirements
OBRA 1990 also established a pay-as-you-go [PAYGO]
requirement for tax and entitlement legislation. Under PAYGO,
the sum of all tax and entitlement (or otherwise mandatory)
legislation may not increase the net deficit in any fiscal
year.
The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 extended the PAYGO
requirements through fiscal year 2002. As amended by OBRA 93,
PAYGO had been scheduled to expire at the end of fiscal year
2002. PAYGO is enforced through a sequestration applied to all
non-exempt entitlement programs. The law is somewhat unclear
whether PAYGO lapses when there is an on-budget surplus. OMB
has hinted that PAYGO would indeed lapse if the budget was in
balance without counting excess Social Security receipts.
SENSES OF HOUSE AND CONGRESS
Section 5(c) and sections 10 through 16 express the
following senses of House and Congress.
Section 5(c).--Sense of Congress Regarding Social Security
Surpluses.
Section 10.--Sense of Congress on the Commission on
International Religious Freedom.
Section 11.--Sense of the House on Providing Additional
Dollars to the Classroom.
Section 12.--Sense of Congress on Asset-Building for the
Working Poor.
Section 13.--Sense of Congress on Access to Health
Insurance and Preserving Home Health Services for all Medicare
Beneficiaries.
Section 14.--Sense of the House on Medicare Payment.
Section 15.--Sense of the House on Assessment of Welfare-
to-Work Programs.
Section 16.--Sense of Congress on Providing Honor Guard
Services for Veterans' Funerals.
ROLL CALL VOTES AND OTHER ITEMS REQUIRED UNDER HOUSE RULES
COMMITTEE VOTES
Clause 3(b) of House Rule XIII requires each committee
report to accompany any bill or resolution of a public
character, ordered to include the total number of votes cast
for and against on each roll call vote, on a motion to report
and any amendments offered to the measure or matter, together
with the names of those voting for and against. Listed below
are the roll call votes taken in the House Budget Committee on
the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2000.
On March 17, 1999, the Committee met in open session, a
quorum being present. The Committee adopted and ordered
reported the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal
Year 2000. The following votes were taken in Committee:
1. Mr. Chambliss made a motion to authorize the Chairman,
consistent with Rule XVI, clause 4 of the Rules of the House,
to declare a recess at any time during the Committee meeting.
The motion was agreed to by voice vote.
2. Mr. Spratt offered an amendment to add language
resolving that all unified surpluses shall be saved in a lock-
box for buying down publicly held debt until reforms extending
the solvency of the Social Security and Medicare programs are
enacted and that the Budget and Rules Committees should report
the necessary implementing legislation.
The amendment offered by Mr. Spratt was defeated on a roll
call vote of 19 ayes and 23 noes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative Aye- No- Present Representative Aye- No- Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Kasich, Chairman............ ........ X ........ Mr. Spratt, X ........ ........
Ranking.
Mr. Chambliss................... ........ X ........ Mr. McDermott..... X ........ ........
Mr. Shays-...................... ........ X ........ Ms. Rivers........ X ........ ........
Mr. Herger-..................... ........ X ........ Mr. Thompson -.... X ........ ........
Mr. Franks -.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Minge--....... X ........ ........
Mr. Smith-...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Bentsen-...... X ........ ........
Mr. Nussle -.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Davis--....... X ........ ........
Mr. Hoekstra.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Weygand-...... X ........ ........
Mr. Radanovich.................. ........ X ........ Mrs. Clayton-..... X ........ ........
Mr. Bass -...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Price-........ X ........ ........
Mr. Gutknecht................... ........ X ........ Mr. Markey -...... X ........ ........
Mr. Hilleary.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Kleczka--..... X ........ ........
Mr. Sununu -.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Clement--..... X ........ ........
Mr. Pitts-...................... ........ ........ ........ Mr. Moran......... X- ........ ........
Mr. Knollenberg................. ........ X ........ Mr. Hooley--...... X ........ ........
Mr. Thornberry.................. ........ X ........ Mr. Lucas--....... X ........ ........
Mr. Ryun-....................... ........ X ........ Mr. Holt--........ X ........ ........
Mr. Collins-.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Hoeffel--..... X ........ ........
Mr. Wamp-....................... ........ X ........ Ms. Baldwin--..... X ........ ........
Mr. Green-...................... ........ X- ........ --................ ........ ........ ........
Mr. Fletcher.................... X - ........ .................. ........ ........ ---
Mr. Miller -.................... ........ X ........ .................. ........ ........ ----
Mr. Ryan........................ ........ ........ ........ .................. ........ ........ ........
Mr. Toomey-..................... ........ X ........ .................. ........ ........ --
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Mr. Spratt offered an amendment related to transfers
from the General Fund into the Social Security and the Medicare
trust funds.
The amendment offered by Mr. Spratt was defeated on a roll
call vote of 16 ayes and 21 noes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative Aye- No- Present Representative Aye- No- Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Kasich, Chairman............ ........ X ........ Mr. Spratt, X ........ ........
Ranking-.
Mr. Chambliss -................. ........ X ........ Mr. McDermott-.... - ........ ........
Mr. Shays--..................... ........ ........ ........ Ms. Rivers-....... - - ........
Mr. Herger--.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Thompson --... X ........ ........
Mr. Franks --................... ........ X ........ Mr. Minge--....... ........ ........ ........
Mr. Smith--..................... ........ X ........ Mr. Bentsen-...... X- ........ ........
Mr. Nussle --................... ........ X ........ Mr. Davis--....... X ........ ........
Mr. Hoekstra-................... ........ X ........ Mr. Weygand--..... X ........ ........
Mr. Radanovich -................ ........ ........ ........ Mrs. Clayton--.... ........ X- ........
Mr. Bass --..................... ........ X ........ Mr. Price --...... X ........ -
Mr. Gutknecht-.................. ........ X ........ Mr. Markey --..... X- ........ ........
Mr. Hilleary-................... ........ X ........ Mr. Kleczka--..... X- ........ ........
Mr. Sununu --................... ........ X ........ Mr. Clement--..... X- ........ ........
Mr. Pitts--..................... ........ X ........ Mr. Moran--....... X- ........ ........
Mr. Knollenberg-................ ........ X ........ Mr. Hooley--...... X ........ -
Mr. Thornberry-................. ........ X ........ Mr. Lucas--....... X- ........ ........
Mr. Ryun--...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Holt--........ X- ........ ........
Mr. Collins--................... ........ X ........ Mr. Hoeffel--..... X ........ ........
Mr. Wamp--...................... ........ X ........ Ms. Baldwin--..... X- ........ ........
Mr. Green--..................... ........ X- ........ --................ ........ ........ ........
Mr. Fletcher-................... ........ X- ........ --................ - ........ ........
Mr. Miller --................... ........ X- ........ --................ ........ ........ ---
Mr. Ryan--...................... ........ - ........ --................ ........ ........ ---
Mr. Toomey--.................... ........ X- ........ --................ ........ ........ ---
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Ms. Baldwin offered an amendment increasing new budget
authority and outlays for function 570 and increasing the
revenue aggregates to current law levels (assuming increased
funding for health care for the disabled, a Medicare buy-in,
home health agency payments and the elimination of the assumed
tax cuts). In addition, it provides for reinstatement of the
tax cuts, less the amount necessary to offset the increases in
function 570, contingent on the enactment of legislation that
extends the solvency of the Medicare and Social Security trust
funds. Finally, it establishes a reserve fund within the
contingent tax cuts for tax credits for long-term care and the
working disabled and the Patient's Bill of Rights as proposed
by Rep. Dingell.
The amendment offered by Ms. Baldwin was defeated on a roll
call vote of 15 ayes and 23 noes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative Aye No Present Representative Aye No Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Kasich, Chairman............ ........ X- ........ Mr. Spratt, X ........ -
Ranking.
Mr. Chambliss................... ........ X ........ Mr. McDermott..... ........ ........ ........
Mr. Shays....................... ........ X ........ Ms. Rivers........ X ........ ........
Mr. Herger...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Thompson...... X ........ ........
Mr. Franks...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Minge......... ........ ........ ........
Mr. Smith....................... ........ X ........ Mr. Bentsen....... ........ ........ ........
Mr. Nussle...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Davis......... X ........ ........
Mr. Hoekstra.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Weygand....... X ........ ........
Mr. Radanovich.................. ........ X ........ Mrs. Clayton...... X ........ ........
Mr. Bass........................ ........ X ........ Mr. Price......... X ........ ........
Mr. Gutknecht................... ........ X ........ Mr. Markey........ X ........ ........
Mr. Hilleary.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Kleczka....... X ........ ........
Mr. Sununu...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Clement....... X ........ ........
Mr. Pitts....................... ........ ........ ........ Mr. Moran......... X ........ ........
Mr. Knollenberg................. ........ X ........ Mr. Hooley........ X ........ ........
Mr. Thornberry.................. ........ X ........ Mr. Lucas......... ........ ........ ........
Mr. Ryun........................ ........ X ........ Mr. Holt.......... X ........ ........
Mr. Collins..................... ........ X ........ Mr. Hoeffel-...... X ........ ........
Mr. Wamp........................ ........ X ........ Ms. Baldwin....... X ........ ........
Mr. Green....................... ........ X -
Mr. Fletcher.................... ........ X ........
Mr. Miller...................... ........ X ........
Mr. Ryan........................ ........ X ........
Mr. Toomey...................... ........ X ........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Ms. Hooley offered an amendment increasing new budget
authority and outlays for function 500, reducing budget
authority and outlays for function 050 in fiscal year 2000, and
increasing revenue aggregates to current law levels (assuming
increased funding for the purpose of hiring 100,000 teachers
while reducing funding for national security, and eliminating
the assumed tax cuts). In addition, it provides for
reinstatement of the tax cuts, less the amount necessary to
offset the increases in function 500, contingent on the
enactment of legislation that extends the solvency of the
Medicare and Social Security trust funds. Finally, it
establishes a reserve fund within the contingent tax cuts for
tax credits related to school construction and renovation
bonds.
The amendment offered by Ms. Hooley was defeated on a roll
call vote of 17 ayes and 22 noes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative Aye No Present Representative Aye No Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Kasich, Chairman............ ........ X ........ Mr. Spratt, X ........ ........
Ranking.
Mr. Chambliss................... ........ X ........ Mr. McDermott..... ........ ........ ........
Mr. Shays-...................... ........ X ........ Ms. Rivers........ X ........ ........
Mr. Herger...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Thompson...... X ........ ........
Mr. Franks...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Minge......... X ........ ........
Mr. Smith....................... ........ X ........ Mr. Bentsen....... X ........ -
Mr. Nussle...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Davis......... ........ ........ ........
Mr. Hoekstra.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Weygand....... X ........ ........
Mr. Radanovich.................. ........ X ........ Mrs. Clayton...... X ........ ........
Mr. Bass........................ ........ X ........ Mr. Price......... X ........ ........
Mr. Gutknecht................... ........ X ........ Mr. Markey........ X ........ ........
Mr. Hilleary.................... ........ ........ ........ Mr. Kleczka-...... X ........ ........
Mr. Sununu...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Clement....... X ........ ........
Mr. Pitts....................... ........ ........ ........ Mr. Moran......... X ........ ........
Mr. Knollenberg................. ........ X ........ Mr. Hooley........ X ........ ........
Mr. Thornberry.................. ........ X ........ Mr. Lucas......... X ........ ........
Mr. Ryun........................ ........ X ........ Mr. Holt.......... X ........ ........
Mr. Collins..................... ........ X ........ Mr. Hoeffel....... X ........ ........
Mr. Wamp........................ ........ X - Ms. Baldwin....... X ........ -
Mr. Green....................... ........ X ........
Mr. Fletcher.................... ........ X ........
Mr. Miller...................... ........ X ........
Mr. Ryan........................ ........ X ........
Mr. Toomey...................... ........ X ........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Mrs. Clayton offered an amendment increasing new budget
authority and outlays for functions 500 and 600 and increasing
revenue aggregates to current law levels (assuming expansions
in Head Start, 21st Century Learning Centers, the Child Care
and Development Block Grant and the Early Learning Fund, and
the elimination of the assumed tax cuts). In addition, it
provides for reinstatement of the tax cuts, less the amount
necessary to offset the increases in functions 500 and 600,
contingent on the enactment of legislation that extends the
solvency of the Medicare and Social Security trust funds.
Finally, it establishes a reserve fund within the contingent
tax cuts for an expansion of the child and dependent care tax
credit and child care tax credit for families with young
children and businesses that provide child care for their
employees.
The amendment offered by Mrs. Clayton was defeated on a
roll call vote of 18 ayes and 23 noes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative Aye No- Present Representative Aye No Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Kasich, Chairman............ ........ X ........ Mr. Spratt, X ........ ........
Ranking-.
Mr. Chambliss................... ........ X ........ Mr. McDermott..... ........ ........ ........
Mr. Shays....................... ........ X ........ Ms. Rivers........ X ........ ........
Mr. Herger...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Thompson...... X ........ ........
Mr. Franks...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Minge......... X ........ ........
Mr. Smith....................... ........ X ........ Mr. Bentsen....... X ........ ........
Mr. Nussle...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Davis......... X ........ ---
Mr. Hoekstra.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Weygand....... X ........ ---
Mr. Radanovich.................. ........ X ........ Mrs. Clayton...... X ........ ---
Mr. Bass........................ ........ X ........ Mr. Price......... X ........ ........
Mr. Gutknecht................... ........ X ........ Mr. Markey........ X ........ ........
Mr. Hilleary.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Kleczka....... X ........ ........
Mr. Sununu...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Clement....... X ........ ........
Mr. Pitts....................... ........ ........ ........ Mr. Moran......... X ........ ........
Mr. Knollenberg................. ........ X ........ Mr. Hooley........ X ........ ........
Mr. Thornberry.................. ........ X ........ Mr. Lucas......... X ........ ........
Mr. Ryun........................ ........ X ........ Mr. Holt.......... X ........ ........
Mr. Collins..................... ........ X ........ Mr. Hoeffel....... X ........ ........
Mr. Wamp........................ ........ X ........ Ms. Baldwin....... X ........ ........
Mr. Green....................... ........ X
Mr. Fletcher.................... ........ X
Mr. Miller...................... ........ X
Mr. Ryan........................ ........ X
Mr. Toomey...................... ........ X
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Mr. Thompson offered an amendment expressing the sense
of the Congress language regarding changes in the tax law to
encourage asset building by low-income workers and their
families.
The amendment offered by Mr. Thompson was adopted by voice
vote.
8. Messieurs Weygand, Fletcher and Ryun offered an
amendment expressing the sense of the Congress on the
importance of home health care for seniors and disabled
citizens, and that the Congress and the Administration should
work together on various health related issues.
The amendment was adopted by unanimous consent.
9. Mr. Hoeffel offered an amendment increasing new budget
authority and outlays in functions 300, 400, 450, 500, 750 and
increasing revenue aggregates above current law levels
(assuming the President's Livability Agenda and Lands Legacy
Initiative, the elimination of corporate tax benefits, and the
elimination of the assumed tax cuts). It would also provide
funding for a new mandatory land acquisition program. In
addition, it provides for reinstatement of the tax cuts, less
the amount necessary to offset the increases in functions 300,
400, 450, and 750, contingent on the enactment of legislation
that extends the solvency of the Medicare and Social Security
trust funds. Finally, it establishes a reserve fund within the
contingent tax cuts for tax credits related to the issuance of
bonds used by state and local governments.
The amendment offered by Mr. Hoeffel was defeated on a roll
call vote of 18 ayes and 23 noes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative Aye No Present Representative Aye No Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Kasich, Chairman............ ........ X ........ Mr. Spratt, X ........ ........
Ranking.
Mr. Chambliss................... ........ X ........ Mr. McDermott..... X ........ ........
Mr. Shays....................... ........ X ........ Ms. Rivers........ X ........ ........
Mr. Herger...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Thompson...... X ........ ........
Mr. Franks...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Minge......... X ........ ........
Mr. Smith....................... ........ X ........ Mr. Bentsen....... ........ ........ ........
Mr. Nussle...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Davis......... X ........ ........
Mr. Hoekstra.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Weygand....... X ........ ........
Mr. Radanovich.................. ........ X ........ Mrs. Clayton...... X ........ ........
Mr. Bass........................ ........ X ........ Mr. Price......... X ........ ........
Mr. Gutknecht................... ........ X ........ Mr. Markey........ X ........ ........
Mr. Hilleary.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Kleczka....... X ........ ........
Mr. Sununu...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Clement....... X ........ ........
Mr. Pitts....................... ........ ........ ........ Mr. Moran......... X ........ ........
Mr. Knollenberg................. ........ X ........ Mr. Hooley........ X ........ ........
Mr. Thornberry.................. ........ X ........ Mr. Lucas......... X ........ ........
Mr. Ryun........................ ........ X ........ Mr. Holt.......... X ........ ........
Mr. Collins..................... ........ X ........ Mr. Hoeffel....... X ........ ........
Mr. Wamp........................ ........ X ........ Ms. Baldwin....... X ........ ........
Mr. Green....................... ........ X ........
Mr. Fletcher.................... ........ X ........
Mr. Miller...................... ........ X ........
Mr. Ryan........................ ........ X ........
Mr. Toomey...................... ........ X ........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Mr. Holt offered an amendment increasing new budget
authority and outlays for functions 250 and 550, reducing
budget authority and outlays for function 050 in fiscal year
2000 and increasing the revenue aggregates to current law
levels (assuming increased funding for the National Science
Foundation and the National Institutes of Health and the
elimination of the assumed tax cuts). In addition, it provides
for reinstatement of the tax cuts, less the amount necessary to
offset the increases in functions 250 and 550, contingent on
the enactment of legislation that extends the solvency of the
Medicare and Social Security trust funds.
The amendment offered by Mr. Holt was defeated on a roll
call vote of 18 ayes and 22 noes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative Aye No Present Representative Aye No Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Kasich, Chairman............ ........ X ........ Mr. Spratt, X ........ ........
Ranking.
Mr. Chambliss................... ........ X ........ Mr. McDermott..... X ........ ........
Mr. Shays....................... ........ X ........ Ms. Rivers........ X ........ ........
Mr. Herger...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Thompson...... X ........ ........
Mr. Franks...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Minge......... X ........ ........
Mr. Smith....................... ........ X ........ Mr. Bentsen....... X ........ ........
Mr. Nussle...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Davis......... X ........ ........
Mr. Hoekstra.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Weygand....... X ........ ........
Mr. Radanovich.................. ........ ........ ........ Mrs. Clayton...... X ........ ........
Mr. Bass........................ ........ X ........ Mr. Price......... X ........ ........
Mr. Gutknecht................... ........ X ........ Mr. Markey........ X ........ ........
Mr. Hilleary.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Kleczka....... ........ ........ ........
Mr. Sununu...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Clement....... X ........ ........
Mr. Pitts....................... ........ ........ ........ Mr. Moran......... X ........ ........
Mr. Knollenberg................. ........ X ........ Mr. Hooley........ X ........ ........
Mr. Thornberry.................. ........ X ........ Mr. Lucas......... X ........ ........
Mr. Ryun........................ ........ X ........ Mr. Holt.......... X ........ ........
Mr. Collins..................... ........ X ........ Mr. Hoeffel....... X ........ ........
Mr. Wamp........................ ........ X ........ Ms. Baldwin....... X ........ ........
Mr. Green....................... ........ X ........
Mr. Fletcher.................... ........ X ........
Mr. Miller...................... ........ X ........
Mr. Ryan........................ ........ X ........
Mr. Toomey...................... ........ X ........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Mr. Minge offered an amendment increasing new budget
authority and outlays for function 350 and increasing the
revenue aggregates to current law levels (assuming increased
funding for crop insurance reform and the elimination of the
assumed tax cuts). In addition, it provides for reinstatement
of the tax cuts, less the amount necessary to offset the
increases in functions 350, contingent on the enactment of
legislation that extends the solvency of the Medicare and
Social Security trust funds.
Mr. Minge withdrew the amendment.
12. Ms. Rivers offered an amendment increasing new budget
authority and outlays for function 500 and increasing revenue
aggregates to current law levels (assuming an increase in
funding for special education programs). In addition, it
provides for reinstatement of the tax cuts, less the amount
necessary to offset the increases in functions 500, contingent
on the enactment of legislation that extends the solvency of
the Medicare and Social Security trust funds.
The amendment offered by Ms. Rivers was defeated on a roll
call vote of 17 ayes and 22 noes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative Aye No Present Representative Aye No Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Kasich, Chairman............ ........ X ........ Mr. Spratt, X ........ ........
Ranking.
Mr. Chambliss................... ........ X ........ Mr. McDermott..... ........ ........ ........
Mr. Shays....................... ........ X ........ Ms. Rivers........ X ........ ........
Mr. Herger...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Thompson...... X ........ ........
Mr. Franks...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Minge......... X ........ ........
Mr. Smith....................... ........ X ........ Mr. Bentsen....... X ........ ........
Mr. Nussle...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Davis......... X ........ ........
Mr. Hoekstra.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Weygand....... X ........ ........
Mr. Radanovich.................. ........ ........ ........ Mrs. Clayton...... X ........ ........
Mr. Bass........................ ........ X ........ Mr. Price......... X ........ ........
Mr. Gutknecht................... ........ X ........ Mr. Markey........ X ........ ........
Mr. Hilleary.................... ........ X ........ Mr. Kleczka....... X ........ ........
Mr. Sununu...................... ........ X ........ Mr. Clement....... X ........ ........
Mr. Pitts....................... ........ ........ ........ Mr. Moran......... ........ ........ ........
Mr. Knollenberg................. ........ X ........ Mr. Hooley........ X ........ ........
Mr. Thornberry.................. ........ X ........ Mr. Lucas......... X ........ ........
Mr. Ryun........................ ........ X ........ Mr. Holt.......... X ........ ........
Mr. Collins..................... ........ X ........ Mr. Hoeffel....... X ........ ........
Mr. Wamp........................ ........ X ........ Ms. Baldwin....... X ........ ........
Mr. Green....................... ........ X ........
Mr. Fletcher.................... ........ X ........
Mr. Miller...................... ........ X ........
Mr. Ryan........................ ........ X ........
Mr. Toomey...................... ........ X ........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Mr. Weygand offered an amendment expressing the sense
of the Congress that committees should make every effort to
provide resources for honor guards at veterans' funerals.
The amendment offered by Mr. Weygand was adopted by
unanimous consent.
14. Mr. Clement offered an amendment expressing the sense
of the Congress the resolution assumes $3 million for the
Commission on International Religious Liberty and urging the
Appropriations Committee to provide the necessary
appropriation.
The amendment offered by Mr. Clement was adopted by
unanimous consent.
15. Mrs. Clayton offered an amendment increasing new budget
authority and outlays for function 500 and increasing the
revenue aggregates to current law levels (assuming the
President's requested level for his initiative on welfare-to-
work and the elimination of the assumed tax cuts). In addition,
it provides for reinstatement of the tax cuts, less the amount
necessary to offset the increases in function 500, contingent
on the enactment of legislation that extends the solvency of
the Medicare and Social Security trust funds.
The amendment was withdrawn
16. Mr. Collins offered an amendment in the nature of a
substitute to Mrs. Clayton's amendment. The amendment urges the
Secretary of Labor to provide a report analyzing welfare-to-
work programs.
The amendment was withdrawn.
17. Mr. Moran offered an amendment expressing the sense of
the Congress that there should be parity between the
compensation of members of the uniformed services and civilian
federal employees.
The amendment offered by Mr. Moran was defeated by voice
vote.
18. Mr. Weygand offered an amendment expressing the sense
of the Congress regarding the proper use of the federal share
of the proceeds of the tobacco settlement.
The amendment was withdrawn.
19. Mr. Clement offered an amendment increasing new budget
authority and outlays in function 700, reducing budget
authority and outlays in function 050 in fiscal year 2000, and
increasing revenue aggregates to current law levels (assuming
greater funding for veterans' programs, decreased spending for
defense programs in the year 2000 and the elimination of the
assumed tax cuts). In addition, it provides for reinstatement
of the tax cuts, less the amount necessary to offset the
increases in functions 700, contingent on the enactment of
legislation that extends the solvency of the Medicare and
Social Security trust funds.
The amendment offered by Mr. Clement was defeated on a vote
of 17 ayes and 22 noes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative Aye No Present Representative Aye No Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Kasich, Chairman.............. ....... X ....... Mr. Spratt, Ranking. X ....... .......
Mr. Chambliss..................... ....... X ....... Mr. McDermott....... X ....... .......
Mr. Shays......................... ....... X ....... Ms. Rivers.......... X ....... .......
Mr. Herger........................ ....... X ....... Mr. Thompson........ X ....... .......
Mr. Franks........................ ....... X ....... Mr. Minge........... X ....... .......
Mr. Smith......................... ....... X ....... Mr. Bentsen......... X ....... .......
Mr. Nussle........................ ....... X ....... Mr. Davis........... X ....... .......
Mr. Hoekstra...................... ....... X ....... Mr. Weygand......... X ....... .......
Mr. Radanovich.................... ....... ........ ....... Mrs. Clayton........ X ....... .......
Mr. Bass.......................... ....... X ....... Mr. Price........... ........ ....... .......
Mr. Gutknecht..................... ....... X ....... Mr. Markey.......... X ....... .......
Mr. Hilleary...................... ....... X ....... Mr. Kleczka......... X ....... .......
Mr. Sununu........................ ....... X ....... Mr. Clement......... X ....... .......
Mr. Pitts......................... ....... ........ ....... Mr. Moran........... ........ ....... .......
Mr. Knollenberg................... ....... X ....... Mr. Hooley.......... X ....... .......
Mr. Thornberry.................... ....... X ....... Mr. Lucas........... X ....... .......
Mr. Ryun.......................... ....... X ....... Mr. Holt............ X ....... .......
Mr. Collins....................... ....... X ....... Mr. Hoeffel......... X ....... .......
Mr. Wamp.......................... ....... X ....... Ms. Baldwin......... X ....... .......
Mr. Green......................... ....... X ....... .................... ........ ....... .......
Mr. Fletcher...................... ....... X ....... .................... ........ ....... .......
Mr. Miller........................ ....... X ....... .................... ........ ....... .......
Mr. Ryan.......................... ....... X ....... .................... ........ ....... .......
Mr. Toomey........................ ....... X ....... .................... ........ ....... .......
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. Mrs. Clayton offered an amendment increasing new budget
authority and outlays for functions 600 and increasing revenue
aggregates to current law levels (assuming increased funding
for the summer food service program, the child and adult care
food program and other nutrition programs, and the elimination
of the assumed tax cuts). In addition, it provides for
reinstatement of the tax cuts, less the amount necessary to
offset the increases in functions 600, contingent on the
enactment of legislation that extends the solvency of the
Medicare and Social Security trust funds.
Mrs. Clayton withdrew her amendment.
21. Mr. Markey offered an amendment increasing new budget
authority and outlays for function 550 and increasing the
revenue aggregates to current law levels (assuming increased
funding for long-term in home care, community based respite
care for Medicare beneficiaries and their families, and the
elimination of the assumed tax cuts). The amendment also
provided report language to be included in the report on the
concurrent resolution on the budget. In addition, it provides
for reinstatement of the tax cuts, less the amount necessary to
offset the increases in functions 550, contingent on the
enactment of legislation that extends the solvency of the
Medicare and Social Security trust funds.
The amendment offered by Mr. Markey was defeated on a roll
call vote of 16 ayes and 22 noes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative Aye No Present Representative Aye No Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Kasich, Chairman.............. ....... X ....... Mr. Spratt, Ranking. X ....... .......
Mr. Chambliss..................... ....... X ....... Mr. McDermott....... X ....... .......
Mr. Shays......................... ....... X ....... Ms. Rivers.......... X ....... .......
Mr. Herger........................ ....... X ....... Mr. Thompson........ X ....... .......
Mr. Franks........................ ....... X ....... Mr. Minge........... ........ ....... .......
Mr. Smith......................... ....... X ....... Mr. Bentsen......... X ....... .......
Mr. Nussle........................ ....... X ....... Mr. Davis........... X ....... .......
Mr. Hoekstra...................... ....... X ....... Mr. Weygand......... X ....... .......
Mr. Radanovich.................... ....... ........ ....... Mrs. Clayton........ X ....... .......
Mr. Bass.......................... ....... X ....... Mr. Price........... X ....... .......
Mr. Gutknecht..................... ....... X ....... Mr. Markey.......... X ....... .......
Mr. Hilleary...................... ....... X ....... Mr. Kleczka......... X ....... .......
Mr. Sununu........................ ....... X ....... Mr. Clement......... X ....... .......
Mr. Pitts......................... ....... ........ ....... Mr. Moran........... ........ ....... .......
Mr. Knollenberg................... ....... X ....... Mr. Hooley.......... X ....... .......
Mr. Thornberry.................... ....... X ....... Mr. Lucas........... X ....... .......
Mr. Ryun.......................... ....... X ....... Mr. Holt............ X ....... .......
Mr. Collins....................... ....... X ....... Mr. Hoeffel......... X ....... .......
Mr. Wamp.......................... ....... X ....... Ms. Baldwin......... X ....... .......
Mr. Green......................... ....... X ....... .................... ........ ....... .......
Mr. Fletcher...................... ....... X ....... .................... ........ ....... .......
Mr. Miller........................ ....... X ....... .................... ........ ....... .......
Mr. Ryan.......................... ....... X ....... .................... ........ ....... .......
Mr. Toomey........................ ....... X ....... .................... ........ ....... .......
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22. Mr. Bentsen offered an amendment to reserve amounts
within the revenue levels for the purpose of repealing the
Harbor Maintenance Excise Tax and offered report language on
funding levels for the Army Corps of Engineers.
The amendment offered by Mr. Bentsen was defeated by voice
vote.
23. Ms. Hooley offered report language stating that the
resolution assumes increased funding for Pacific Northwest
Salmon recovery that is efficient and expeditiously directed to
local communities and salmon restoration organizations.
Ms. Hooley withdrew her proposed report language.
24. Mr. Bentsen offered an amendment increasing new budget
authority and outlays for function 550 and increasing the
revenue aggregates to current law levels (assuming the
increased funding for state to enroll low-income children in
Medicaid and to require the Social Security Administration to
enroll low income seniors to help pay their Medicare premiums
and deductibles, and the elimination of the assumed tax cuts).
In addition, it provides for reinstatement of the tax cuts,
less the amount necessary to offset the increases in function
550, contingent on the enactment of legislation that extends
the solvency of the Medicare and Social Security trust funds.
The amendment offered by Mr. Bentsen was defeated on a roll
call vote of 18 ayes and 22 noes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative Aye No Present Representative Aye No Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Kasich, Chairman.............. ....... X ....... Mr. Spratt, Ranking. X ....... .......
Mr. Chambliss..................... ....... X ....... Mr. McDermott....... X ....... .......
Mr. Shays......................... ....... X ....... Ms. Rivers.......... X ....... .......
Mr. Herger........................ ....... X ....... Mr. Thompson........ X ....... .......
Mr. Franks........................ ....... X ....... Mr. Minge........... X ....... .......
Mr. Smith......................... ....... X ....... Mr. Bentsen......... X ....... .......
Mr. Nussle........................ ....... X ....... Mr. Davis........... X ....... .......
Mr. Hoekstra...................... ....... X ....... Mr. Weygand......... X ....... .......
Mr. Radanovich.................... ....... ........ ....... Mrs. Clayton........ X ....... .......
Mr. Bass.......................... ....... X ....... Mr. Price........... X ....... .......
Mr. Gutknecht..................... ....... X ....... Mr. Markey.......... X ....... .......
Mr. Hilleary...................... ....... X ....... Mr. Kleczka......... X ....... .......
Mr. Sununu........................ ....... X ....... Mr. Clement......... X ....... .......
Mr. Pitts......................... ....... ........ ....... Mr. Moran........... ........ ....... .......
Mr. Knollenberg................... ....... X ....... Mr. Hooley.......... X ....... .......
Mr. Thornberry.................... ....... X ....... Mr. Lucas........... X ....... .......
Mr. Ryun.......................... ....... X ....... Mr. Holt............ X ....... .......
Mr. Collins....................... ....... X ....... Mr. Hoeffel......... X ....... .......
Mr. Wamp.......................... ....... X ....... Ms. Baldwin......... X ....... .......
Mr. Green......................... ....... X .......
Mr. Fletcher...................... ....... X .......
Mr. Miller........................ ....... X .......
Mr. Ryan.......................... ....... X .......
Mr. Toomey........................ ....... X .......
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25. Mr. Minge offered an amendment expressing the sense of
the Congress that the Medicare + Choice program should be a
priority before financing new Medicare programs and benefits
that may add to the imbalance of payments and benefits in the
fee-for-service Medicare and Medicare + Choice programs.
The amendment offered by Mr. Minge was adopted by a voice
vote.
26. Mr. Bentsen offered an amendment expressing the sense
of the Congress that budget surpluses should be used to reduce
the publicly held debt, that Congress and the Administration
should abide by the caps and PAYGO requirements and that the
firewall, between defense and non-defense discretionary
spending should be extended in fiscal year 2000.
The amendment offered by Mr. Bentsen was defeated on a
voice vote.
27. Mr. Minge offered an amendment that would exclude
Social Security transactions from statements and other
documents on the surplus and deficit totals.
The amendment offered by Mr. Minge was adopted by voice
vote.
28. Mr. Markey offered an amendment to require the
Congressional Budget Office to prepare monthly estimates of
receipts, outlays, and the surplus or deficit if any, for the
current fiscal year.
The amendment offered by Mr. Markey as amended was adopted
by voice vote.
29. Mr. Markey asked unanimous consent to amend his
amendment by striking ``month'' and inserting ``quarter'' at
the appropriate place.
The unanimous consent request was granted and the amendment
was amended.
30. Mr. Hoekstra offered an amendment expressing the sense
of the Congress that federal education programs should be
consolidated and that 95% of federal funding for elementary and
secondary education should be directed to the classroom.
The amendment offered by Mr. Hoekstra was adopted by voice
vote.
31. Mr. Price offered an amendment in the nature of a
substitute to Mr. Hoekstra's amendment increasing new budget
authority and outlays for function 500, decreasingbudget
authority and outlays for function 500, decreasing budget authority and
outlays for function 050 in fiscal year 2000, and increasing the
revenue aggregates to current law levels (assuming the necessary
funding for 100,000 new teachers, and decreasing spending on defense
programs in the year 2000 and the elimination of the assumed tax cuts).
In addition, it provides for reinstatement of the tax cuts, less the
amount necessary to offset the increases in function 500, contingent on
the enactment of legislation that extends the solvency of the Medicare
and Social Security trust funds.
The amendment was defeated on a voice vote.
32. Mrs. Clayton and Mr. Collins offered an amendment
expressing the sense of the Congress that the Secretary of
Labor should prepare a report on welfare-to-work programs.
The amendment offered by Mrs. Clayton and Mr. Collins was
adopted by voice vote.
33. Mr. Chambliss made a motion that the Committee adopt
the aggregates, function totals, and other relevant items as
the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2000.
The motion offered by Mr. Chambliss was agreed to by voice
vote.
34. Mr. Chambliss made a motion that the Committee report
the Concurrent Resolution with a favorable recommendation and
that the Concurrent Resolution pass. The motion offered by Mr.
Chambliss was agreed to by a roll call vote of 22 ayes and 18
noes.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representative Aye No Present Representative Aye No Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Kasich, Chairman.............. X ....... ....... Mr. Spratt, Ranking. ....... X .......
Mr. Chambliss..................... X ....... ....... Mr. McDermott....... ....... X .......
Mr. Shays......................... X ....... ....... Ms. Rivers.......... ....... X .......
Mr. Herger........................ X ....... ....... Mr. Thompson........ ....... X .......
Mr. Franks........................ X ....... ....... Mr. Minge........... ....... X .......
Mr. Smith......................... X ....... ....... Mr. Bentsen......... ....... X .......
Mr. Nussle........................ X ....... ....... Mr. Davis........... ....... X .......
Mr. Hoekstra...................... X ....... ....... Mr. Weygand......... ....... X .......
Mr. Radanovich.................... ........ ....... ....... Mrs. Clayton........ ....... X .......
Mr. Bass.......................... X ....... ....... Mr. Price........... ....... X .......
Mr. Gutknecht..................... X ....... ....... Mr. Markey.......... ....... X .......
Mr. Hilleary...................... X ....... ....... Mr. Kleczka......... ....... X .......
Mr. Sununu........................ X ....... ....... Mr. Clement......... ....... X .......
Mr. Pitts......................... ........ ....... ....... Mr. Moran........... ....... ........ .......
Mr. Knollenberg................... X ....... ....... Mr. Hooley.......... ....... X .......
Mr. Thornberry.................... X ....... ....... Mr. Lucas........... ....... X .......
Mr. Ryun.......................... X ....... ....... Mr. Holt............ ....... X .......
Mr. Collins....................... X ....... ....... Mr. Hoeffel......... ....... X .......
Mr. Wamp.......................... X ....... ....... Ms. Baldwin......... ....... X .......
Mr. Green......................... X ....... .......
Mr. Fletcher...................... X ....... .......
Mr. Miller........................ X ....... .......
Mr. Ryan.......................... X ....... .......
Mr. Toomey........................ X ....... .......
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35. Mr. Chambliss asked for unanimous consent that the
Chairman be authorized to make a motion to go to conference
pursuant to clause 1 of House rule XXII, the staff be
authorized to make any necessary technical and conforming
corrections in the resolution, and any committee amendments,
and calculate any remaining elements required in the
resolution, prior to filing the resolution, and the motion to
reconsider be laid upon the table.
The unanimous consent request was granted.
Budget Committee Oversight Findings
Clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII requires each committee report
to contain oversight findings and recommendations required
pursuant to clause 2(b)(1) of rule X. The Committee on the
Budget has examined its activities over the past year and has
determined that there are no oversight findings.
Oversight Findings and Recommendations of the Committee on Government
Reform
Clause 3(c)(4) of rule XIII requires each committee report
to contain a summary of oversight findings and recommendations
made by the Committee on Government Reform pursuant to clause
4(c)(2) of rule X, whenever such findings have been timely
submitted. The Committee on the Budget has received no such
findings or recommendations from the Committee on Government
Reform.
Miscellaneous Budgetary Information
Clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of
Representatives provides that Committee reports shall contain
the statement required by Section 308(a)(1) of the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974. This report does not contain
such a statement because as a concurrent resolution setting
forth a blueprint for the Congressional budget, the budget
resolution does not actually provide new budget authority or
new entitlement authority or change revenues.
Establishment of Statutory Limit on the Public Debt
Clause 3 of rule XXIII requires the report of the committee
on the Budget of the House accompanying any Concurrent
Resolution on the Budget to include a clear statement of the
effect of adoption of the concurrent resolution upon the
statutory limit on the debt. House rule XXIII provides for the
automatic engrossment of a bill raising the statutory limit
upon the conference report on the Concurrent Resolution on the
Budget.
The adoption of this budget resolution will have no effect
on the statutory limit on the debt if, as expected, the rule
providing for the consideration of the Concurrent Resolution on
the Budget for fiscal year 2000 waives the applicability of
House rule XXIII. House Resolution 152 waived the applicability
of this rule (which was designated as House rule XLIX in the
105th Congress) during the consideration of House Concurrent
Resolution 284, the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for
fiscal year 1999.
According to the Views and Estimates submitted by the
Committee on Ways and Means, the current statutory public debt
limit of $5.95 trillion will not be reached until sometime
beyond fiscal year 2009.
Views of Committee Members
Clause 2(l) of rule XI requires each committee to afford a
2-day opportunity for members of the committee to file
additional, minority, or dissenting views and to include the
view in its report. The following views were submitted:
MINORITY VIEWS
Last year, for the first time in the history of the Budget
Committee, Congress failed to pass a Concurrent Budget
Resolution. The House passed a resolution diverging so far from
reality that a conference was never convened to reconcile the
differences between the House and Senate. This year, the budget
resolution is equally unrealistic. Even if a conference does
succeed in working out the differences, the conference report
is unlikely to set a framework for spending and taxing with any
hope of enactment.
Republicans not only bring to the floor a Budget Resolution
requiring appropriation bills they know they cannot pass; they
also present no feasible solutions to make Social Security and
Medicare solvent. This resolution is a poor start for the first
fiscal year in the next millennium.
Three times during this decade--in 1990, 1993, and 1997--
Congress passed bold budgets to deal with our enormous
deficits. This year, the fruits of our efforts are spread
before us in the form of surpluses, forecast as far as the eye
can see. We have resolved the problem of annual deficits and
can operate with a surplus and pay down our mountainous debt,
provided we hold to disciplines like the pay-go rules that have
helped achieve these results. But the actuaries at the Social
Security Administration tell us that Social Security will
exhaust its trust fund by 2032, and will then be able to pay
only 75 cents on each dollar of benefits owed out of its
incoming tax revenues. The Health Care Financing Administration
tells us that the Hospital Insurance Trust Fund will draw down
its trust fund even sooner, possibly as early as 2008.
These are not recent revelations, but until we wiped out
our annual deficits, the long-run problems of Social Security
and Medicare were difficult to deal with. This year, Congress
is in a position to address these problems and take the country
into the next millennium on strong fiscal footings. But the
Budget Resolution reported by the Committee does not rise to
the challenge. While the clock ticks away on Social Security
and Medicare, Republicans have chosen to waste time. They
propose tax cuts that grow larger with time and dissipate the
surpluses that could be used to safeguard Social Security and
Medicare.
failing social security and medicare
Social Security and Medicare are the bedrock on which
millions of Americans depend. Both are solvent for now because
of budget measures Congress passed in 1983 and again in 1990,
1993, and 1997. But projections show that in the foreseeable
future both could run short of the funds they need to cover the
benefits they provide. President Clinton dealt with their
problems in his budget by proposing a framework for committing
the budget surpluses to extend the solvency of Social Security
and Medicare. The President proposed that from FY 2000 to FY
2014, 62% of our unified budget surpluses should be committed
to Social Security, extending its solvency to 2056, and 15% of
our unified budget surpluses should be committed to Medicare,
extending its solvency by 12 years, or beyond 2020.
The Republicans reject the President's proposals out of
hand and offer no alternatives for Medicare in their Budget
Resolution. They propose instead tax cuts so large that they
would drain the budget of funds that could be used to keep
Medicare solvent.
As for Social Security, Republicans propose a rhetorical
``lock box'' to require that all Social Security surpluses be
used to pay down government debt held by the public. But their
``lock box'' has a loose lid and a trap floor. They stipulate
that Social Security surpluses will be used only to buy down
debt held by the public, unless 3/5 of Congress votes otherwise
or unless a simple majority votes to use the surpluses to
offset the revenues lost in setting up private retirement
accounts as a substitute for Social Security. This trap door is
a threat to the Social Security benefits provided under current
law. If funds already committed to Social Security
beneficiaries under current law are diverted to private
accounts, in time benefits under current law will have to be
reduced.
To enforce their ``lock box,'' Republicans propose to lower
by law the debt ceiling on publicly held debt each year by an
amount equal to the Social Security surplus. During mark-up,
the Ranking Member presented the Committee with a letter from
the Secretary of the Treasury explaining how the Republicans'
proposal would play havoc with the economy during a recession
and wreak even worse havoc on the Treasury's management of the
public debt.
Secretary Rubin points out in his letter how projections of
the non-Social Security surplus could prove over-optimistic.
This could set up situations in which the Treasury could not
legally pay its obligations, including Social Security
benefits, and might default on repayments of the public debt.
Even the possibility of default could lead to a lower credit
rating and higher borrowing costs for the government.
New limits on publicly held debt could also aggravate
downturns in the economy. In a recession, Social Security and
the overall budget tend to pay out more and take in less, and
these automatic responses help stabilize the economy. A
predetermined public debt ceiling could force the government to
tax more and spend less at a time when either step would make
the economy worse.
In addition, the new debt ceiling could invite mischief
from determined minorities who might use the super-majority
requirement in the Senate to gain leverage on unrelated issues.
An obstinate faction could hold the government's finances
hostage until it got its way on some issue dear to it.
For all these reasons, Secretary Rubin said that he would
urge the President to veto this idea if it ever passed.
Having shown that their ``lockbox'' proposal was a non-
starter, the Ranking Member offered an amendment that would
accomplish the same aim by different means, reserving all of
the Social Security surpluses solely for Social Security.
Republicans rejected it unanimously.
Aside from being unworkable, the Republican's ``lock box''
proposal does nothing to extend Social Security's solvency. By
acknowledging that the money dedicated to Social Security
should in fact go to Social Security, the Republican ``lock
box'' does nothing more than ensure that Social Security goes
broke on schedule. The Ranking Member confirmed this assessment
with a letter from Harry C. Ballantyne, Chief Actuary of the
Social Security Administration, presented at mark-up. Because
the Republicans provide no additional resources to the OASDI
trust funds, the Chief Actuary stated: ``The proposal would not
have any significant effect on the long-range solvency of the
OASDI programs under the intermediate assumptions of the 1998
Trustees Report. Thus, the estimated actuarial deficit of 2.19
percent of taxable payroll would not change, and the year of
the combined trust funds' exhaustion (2032) would not change.''
In plain language, the Republicans' proposal for Social
Security would not extend its solvency one day.
Ignoring Medicare
Not even the Republicans' press materials mention what they
have in mind for Medicare. Unspecified Medicare ``reforms''
could be funded out of the Social Security surpluses that they
propose to wall off, but there is no indication of what those
reforms might be and no commitment of resources from anywhere
in the budget to buttress Medicare.
Social Security is scheduled to face insolvency in 2032,
some years from now. But Medicare is projected to run short of
funds by 2008. Medicare is, therefore, a more pressing problem
than Social Security, as well as a program of greater
complexity. Ignoring this, the third largest program in the
federal budget, is not just baffling; it is irresponsible.
Discretionary Spending: Deliberately Opaque, Grossly Inadequate
The Budget Resolution commits virtually all of the on-
budget surpluses to offset the revenues lost from tax cuts,
leaving nothing for discretionary spending, let alone Medicare.
The Committee conceals the political implausibility of its
Budget Resolution by not providing even minimal information
about the manner in which Republican spending priorities can be
accomplished within their constraints. Unlike their Senate
counterparts who published a two-volume, 106-page package of
tables along with explanatory narrative, House Republicans
offered us only four pages of summary tables.
This Budget Resolution is skeletal for a reason: it needs
to hide the huge cuts required by the path it plots for
discretionary spending. Republicans boast of spending
initiatives without ever specifying the severe cuts necessary
to meet their overall spending totals. These cuts will meet
with opposition, on both sides of the aisle, simply because
they represent bad policy.
Questioning during mark-up exposed this strategy. When
asked to reconcile the specific spending increases mentioned in
their press materials with the declining spending totals,
Republicans refused to admit any specific cuts. Though they
claim to have spending initiatives for veterans, defense,
farmers, education, health care, and scientific research, many
of the initiatives will not stand scrutiny, and none specifies
the offsetting cuts required to fund their proposal.
The futility of this approach was aptly described last year
by Senator Domenici, reacting to the same ploy House
Republicans took then. Senator Domenici said: ``The notion that
it's less onerous because it doesn't ask you to consider
specifics is just not so . . . Where is it going to come from?
What is going to be cut?''
Many of the purported spending initiatives are simply
specious. Let's examine four different functions to illustrate
the point: Defense (Function 050), Education (Function 500),
Health (Function 550), and Veterans (Function 700).
Function 050: Defense
Republicans claim to increase defense, but the numbers don't add up
Republicans claim that they boost defense spending, and
they do increase budget authority for defense by $8.4 billion
in FY 2000 and by $29.6 billion (between FY 2000-2004) above
the President's request. The President had already raised his
request by $63.8 billion over the levels provided in last
year's budget. Republicans seek to top this increase, saying
the service chiefs have told us they could use the extra money.
But while touting their addition to budget authority, they
avoid all mention of their allowance for outlays. During the
same five-year period, the Republicans provide only $5.2
billion in outlay increases to match their $29.6 billion
increase in budget authority. The authority to incur
obligations is increased by almost $30 billion, while the power
to spend money is increased by only one-sixth of that amount.
Over three fiscal years--FY 2002, 2003, and 2004--there is no
increase at all in outlays, and over five fiscal years, the
Republicans' outlay path essentially tracks the President's.
The total outlay increase over five years in the Republican
budget doesn't even support the budget authority increase they
provide in 2000 alone, much less the additional $21.2 billion
``provided'' for 2001-2004.
Republicans provide less for defense over 10 years than the President
In the year 2004, the Republicans' allocation for defense
bottoms out while the President's keeps rising at a rate of
roughly 3% a year. As a result, the President's budget provides
$104 billion more in budget authority than the Republicans'
budget over the 10-year period, 2000-2009. The difference in
outlays, or actual spending, is even greater. As the chart
below indicates, the President's budget allocates $205 billion
more to outlays for defense than do Republicans between 2004
and 2009. In choosing between defense spending and taxcutting,
the Republican Budget Resolution opts for tax cuts, even to the point
of requiring a freeze in defense from 2004-2009, to accommodate the
growing loss of revenues caused by tax cuts.
Three Explanations of the So-Called ``Increase'' in Defense
Explanation One: Promises Unfulfilled. The budget authority
levels for defense are simply not backed up by the necessary
outlays. The Budget Resolution may be promising increases that
cannot be fulfilled. It is noteworthy that neither the House
nor the Senate Republican Budget Resolution accommodates the
additional costs of S. 4, a bill passed by the Senate to plus
up the President's pay and retirement package for military
personnel. The Administration argued that S. 4 was raising
expectations that could not be met, and in the absence of any
follow-through in both resolutions, its criticism appears to be
vindicated.
Explanation Two: Republicans Plan to ``Bust the Caps'' and
Spend the Surplus While Pretending They Don't. Using standard
DoD outlay rates, Republicans are $21 billion short of the
outlays needed to support the budget authority levels they
provide. If the Republicans' increase in budget authority were
enacted, with the help of directed scorekeeping, DoD could
obligate the budget authority and outlays could be $21 billion
more over 2000-2004 than the Republican plan pretends. Budget
surpluses would come in $21 billion lower than their resolution
predicts, and their budget would ``bust'' the outlay caps set
by the Balanced Budget Agreement of 1997.
Explanation Three: The Republican Budget Authority Increase
Will Come at the Expense of the Troops. The only way to stay
within the budget authority/outlay ratios in the Republican
budget is to shift massive amounts of funding from relatively
fast-spending accounts, like readiness and personnel, and into
relatively slow-spending accounts, like procurement and
research and development. This is particularly true since the
Republican budget provides no increase in outlays above the
President's budget in 2002-2004. If this happened, then some or
all of the following would occur:
(1) The President's pay and retirement package would have
to be pared back.
(2) Health care for personnel, their families and retirees,
would have to be cut.
(3) Readiness would have to be slashed.
In short, the only way to use the budget authority and
outlay increases in the Budget Resolution is to prefer defense
contractors over military personnel and their families.
Function 700: Veterans Benefits
Republicans also claim that their Budget Resolution
increases discretionary funding for veterans, and they do
provide a $900 million increase in budget authority compared
with the 1999 level of funding, but this is a non-recurring
addition that is not carried over to the next fiscal year. In
fact, over five years, the Budget Resolution cuts discretionary
funding for veterans by $500 million compared with the 1999
level.
Function 500: Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services
Republicans likewise talk of committing more to education,
but in Function 500 of their Budget Resolution, they decrease
discretionary spending for education, training, employment, and
social services by $1.2 billion below the 1999 level. Over five
years, the resolution cuts funding by $900 million compared
with the 1999 level, representing a 6.9 percent decrease in
purchasing power by 2004.
The Budget Resolution does raise spending in 2000 for
elementary and secondary education by $500 million above the
1999 level and by $15.8 billion over five years. But this
increase is provided by making deep reductions in all other
programs, which are cut by $16.7 billion over five years and by
$36.5 billion over ten years compared with the 1999 level.
The resolution does not specify which programs are to be
cut, but the funding levels over ten years require a 12.2
percent across-the-board cut in programs other than elementary
and secondary education. This means deep cuts in higher
education programs such as Pell Grants and the Work Study
program that help low-income students attend college, Head
Start, child welfare services, the Smithsonian, and training
and employment programs.
Function 550: Health
Funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
accounts for just over fifty percent of all funding in this
function. Republicans singled out NIH and announced that they
were allocating substantially more to NIH than the President's
request. The House resolution does not spell out any
assumptions for funding NIH, but the Senate resolution includes
an explicit increase of $600 million for 2000, or 4 percent
over the 1999 level, and a freeze in funding thereafter.
Overall, the House Republican Budget Resolution cuts
funding for discretionary health programs by $600 million in
2000 below 1999 levels. Over five years, funding for other
health programs is cut by $9.8 billion below the 1999 level,
and over 10 years, by $27.2 billion. By 2002, this represents a
decrease in purchasing power of 18.2 percent; by 2009, the
decrease in purchasing power is 31.2 percent.
It is difficult to see how NIH funding can rise appreciably
when it takes up more than half of Function 550, and Function
550 is cut each year over the ten-year time frame of the
Republicans' resolution.
Expanding Tax Cuts Bite into Discretionary, Make Solvency of Social
Security and Medicare Tougher to Achieve
There is a reason for the foregoing, for the deep
reductions and gimmicks to disguise them. The Republicans'
Budget Resolution is totally committed to tax cuts, tax cuts
that increase to $779 billion over ten years and grow even
larger over time. The decimation of discretionary spending, the
procrastination on Social Security, the neglect of Medicare--
all result from one overriding priority: to pass tax cuts large
enough to rival the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981.
The Budget Resolution proposes tax cuts that start by
growing with the on-budget or non-Social Security surplus, and
then exhaust it. After the first five years, the proposed tax
cuts being to exceed the projected non-Social Security
surpluses, and as a result, sharp cuts in discretionary
spending are required. Using the Republicans' own numbers, the
increasing loss of revenues forces both defense and non-defense
discretionary spending to drop from the current level of 6.6
percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to 4.5 percent by 2009.
This translates to a 19.6 percent cut in all discretionary
spending after adjusting for inflation and a 29 percent cut in
non-defense discretionary accounts.
The most disturbing results of their tax proposal are
``over the horizon,'' not seen in their tables because they
fall in the years beyond their 10-year budget. During these
years, 2010 through 2014, the ``Baby Boom'' generation begins
to retire, exerting heavy pressure on the finances of Social
Security and Medicare. During these same years, the Social
Security surplus and the non-Social Security surplus will peak
and start to decline, as payroll taxes become insufficient to
cover benefit payments.
Republicans have not specified their tax cuts, but the
revenue losses of virtually all tax cuts tend to increase with
time. If their tax cuts follow this pattern, the government
would face three unappealing choices around 2010:
(1) To cut even deeper into defense and non-defense
spending.
(2) To raise taxes.
(3) To use Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes to
offset tax revenues lost to tax cuts, as in the 1980s.
Having worked so long to rid the budget of deficits and to
put the government on sound fiscal footings, we do not wish to
follow Republicans down this path. We do not wish to repeat the
mistakes of the 1980s, which brought us deficits as far as the
eye could see and a tripling of the national debt. Targeted tax
cuts are possible today, and more can be added as the surpluses
projected actually materialize. But now that we are able to
address the fiscal challenges of Social Security and Medicare,
we believe that we have a duty to do so that comes first before
everything else.
Conclusion
In this Budget Resolution, the majority does not take
seriously the responsibility to govern. They send a resolution
to the House requiring appropriation bills they know they
cannot pass due to opposition on both sides of the aisle. They
ignore Medicare. They fail to propose practical ideas to
protect Social Security and do nothing to extend its solvency.
Before the first on-budget surplus is realized, they propose
tax cuts that will grow larger with time and wipe out the
projected surpluses. We voted against this Budget Resolution in
the Budget Committee, and we urge the House of Representatives
to reject it.
Social Security,
March 12, 1999.
Hon. Richard A. Gephardt,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
Dear Mr. Gephardt: This letter addresses the potential
long-range financial effects on the OASDI program of ``locking
away'' the annual increases in the Social Security Trust Funds,
as proposed by Republican leaders in the Senate and the House
on March 10, 1999. The proposal would require that annual
increases in the OASI and DI Trust Funds would be used solely
to purchase long-term special issue U.S. government bonds. In
addition, the proposal would require that the revenue used for
the purchase of these bonds would in turn be used solely for
the purpose of reducing Federal debt held by the public. Of
course, the net change in the Federal debt held by the public
in any year would also be affected by the size of any on-budget
deficit or surplus for that year.
The proposal would not have any significant effect on the
long-range solvency of the OASDI program under the intermediate
assumptions of the 1998 Trustees Report. Thus, the estimated
long-range actuarial deficit of 2.19 percent of taxable payroll
and the year of the combined trust funds' exhaustion (2032)
would not change. The first year in which estimated outgo will
exceed estimated tax income would not be affected and would
therefore remain at 2013.
Any plan that reduces the amount of Federal debt held by
the public may make later redemption by the Trust Funds of
special issue U.S. government bonds easier.
Sincerely,
Harry C. Ballantyne,
Chief Actuary.
------
Department of the Treasury,
Washington, DC, March 17, 1999.
Hon. Charles Rangel,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
Dear Charlie: Thank you for inquiring about the impact of
the new debt limits contained in the Social Security Surplus
Preservation Act. I appreciate the opportunity to respond to
your question. In brief, I am deeply concerned that these
limits could preclude the United States from meeting its future
financial obligations to repay maturing debt and to honor
payments--including benefit payments--and could also run the
risk of worsening a future economic downturn.
It has been this Administration's view that fiscal
restraint is best exercised through the tools of the budget
process. Existing enforcement tools such as the pay-go rules
and the discretionary spending limits in the Budget Enforcement
Act have been key elements in maintaining fiscal discipline in
the 1990's. Debt limits should not be used as an additional
means of imposing restraint. Debt is incurred solely to pay
expenditures that have previously been authorized by the
Congress and for the investment of the Federal trust funds. By
the time the debt limit is reached, the Government is obligated
to make payments and must enough money to do so.
If Treasury were prohibited from issuing any new debt to
honor the Government's obligations, there could be permanent
damage to our credit standing. The debt obligations of the
United States are recognized as having the least credit risk of
any investment in the world. That credit standing is a precious
asset of the American people. Even the appearance of a risk
that the United States of America might not meet in obligations
because of the absence of necessary debt authority would be
likely to impose significant additional costs on American
taxpayers. Yet, in November 1995, a debt crisis was
precipitated when Government borrowing reached the debt limit
and in January Moody's credit rating service placed Treasury
securities on review for possible downgrade.
As you know, there is currently a statutory limit on the
amount of money that Treasury can borrow in total from both the
public and from Federal trust funds. The proposed ``lockbox''
provision would add a new statutory limit on debt to the
public.
The proposed new debt limit runs the risk of precipitating
additional debt crises in the future. Although the proposal
adjusts the debt ceiling for discrepancies between the actual
and projectedSocial Security surpluses, it does not make
similar corrections for unanticipated developments on the non-Social
Security side of the budget. While our forecasts have been
conservative, the current forecast of the non-Social Security budget
could prove too optimistic because of changes in the economy,
demographics, or countless other factors. This could cause the publicly
held debt to exceed the new debt limit.
Furthermore, even if the debt limit appears sufficient
because it covers the annual debt level--measured from end-of-
year to end-of-year--it could easily be inadequate for the
Government to meet its obligations at a given point during the
year. Under normal circumstances, every business day, Treasury
makes payments--including Social Security payments on certain
days. In any given week, Treasury receives revenues, makes
payments, and refinances maturing debt. Weekly and monthly
swings in cash flow can easily exceed on-hand cash balances.
When this occurs, Treasury then borrows from the public to meet
its obligations. If the amount of publicly held debt were to
reach the level of the debt limit--or if the debt limit were to
decline to below the level of publicly held debt--Treasury
could be precluded from borrowing additional amounts from the
public. If Treasury could not borrow to raise cash, it is
possible that it could simply have to stop honoring any
payments--including Social Security payments.
In this case, Treasury could be prohibited from issuing any
new debt to redeem maturing debt. Every Thursday, approximately
$20-23 billion of weekly Treasury bills mature and, every
month, an additional $60-85 billion in debt matures. These
securities must either be paid off in cash or refinanced by
issuing new debt. Treasury could be put in the position of
having to default for the first time in our nation's history.
Congress could defuse the debt limit problems by
immediately voting to raise the debt ceiling. Under the
``lockbox'' proposal, however, it would take sixty votes in the
Senate to do so. As past experience indicates, obtaining a
super-majority for this purpose is often time-consuming and
difficult. Moreover, this requirement would greatly enhance the
power of a determined minority to use the debt limit to impose
views on unrelated issues.
Finally, the proposed debt limits could run the risk of
worsening an economic downturn. If the economy were to slow
unexpectedly, the budget balance would worsen. Absent a super-
majority vote to raise the debt limit, Congress would need to
reduce other spending or raise taxes. Either cutting spending
or raising taxes in a slowing economy could aggravate the
economic slowdown and substantially raise the risk of a
significant recession. And even those measures would not
guarantee that the debt limit would be not be exceeded. A
deepening recession would add further to revenue losses and
increases in outlays. The tax increases and spending cuts could
turn out to be inadequate to satisfy all existing payment
obligations and keep the debt under the limit, worsening a
crisis.
To summarize, these new debt limits could create
uncertainty about the Federal government's ability to honor its
future obligations and should not be used as an instrument of
fiscal policy. While we certainly share the goal of preserving
Social Security, this legislation does nothing to extend the
solvency of the Social Security trust funds, while potentially
threatening the ability to make Social Security payments to
millions of Americans. I will recommend that the President veto
the bill if it contains the debt limit provisions. If you have
any additional questional, please do not hesitate to contact
me.
Robert E. Rubin,
Secretary of the Treasury.
John M. Spratt, Jr.
Jim McDermott.
Lynn N. Rivers.
Bennie G. Thompson.
David Minge.
Kenneth E. Bentsen.
Jim Davis.
Bob Weygand.
Eva M. Clayton.
David E. Price.
Edward J. Markey.
Jerry Kleczka.
Bob Clement.
Jim Moran.
Darlene Hooley
Rush Holt.
Joseph M. Hoeffel.
Tammy Baldwin.
ADDITIONAL VIEWS OF HON. KENNETH E. BENTSEN, JR.
The Fiscal Year 2000 Budget Resolution reported by the
House Budget Committee lacks clarity and specifics. There is no
indication of how to pay for a sizeable tax cut and the
resolution creates a situation where the pay-as-you-go rule
will be violated. Those facts, coupled with the elimination of
the ``firewall'' that prevents Congress from using defense
spending to finance non-defense discretionary spending and vice
versa, sets the Congress on a course to bust the spending caps
with virtually no discussion. If we are going to adopt this
policy, the Committee and Congress should at least have a
serious debate. Unfortunately, the Majority failed to do so.
As the Committee knows, this resolution violates the pay-
as-you-go rule by using projected budget surpluses to pay for
tax cuts. Since the passage of the Budget Enforcement Act of
1990, this rule has required that tax cuts be offset by
mandatory spending cuts so as to not increase the deficit or
reduce the surplus. This rule, along with caps on discretionary
spending, was extended in 1993 and 1997; together with strong
economic growth, these rules helped create a virtuous cycle of
balanced budgets and stronger economic growth. Now, in an era
of budget surpluses, some Members assume that additional
revenue in the form of budget surpluses can be used to offset
decreases in taxes. That is wrong and would violate the
bipartisan PAYGO rule. Furthermore, it sets a dangerous
precedent that could result in future deficit spending if
projected on-budget surpluses fail to materialize.
In order to extend Social Security's and Medicare's
solvency and fund current commitments in health research,
education, and defense, we may need to raise the spending caps.
But, the Committee should at least engage the public in a
debate on the merits of doing so, instead of doing it by
stealth accounting. The Majority's Budget Resolution calls for
a tax cut of $142.6 billion over five years and $778.6 billion
over 10 years; this will require significant reductions in non-
defense discretionary spending and discretionary spending so
that they will lose up to 30 percent of their purchasing power
by 2009. This is terribly unrealistic and puts us back to
square one: how can we finance reductions in taxes and
increases in new spending without violating the pay-as-you-go
rule and the caps on discretionary spending?
The firewall between defense and non-defense discretionary
spending has created a careful political balance between
investments in national security and economic security. I
believe that eliminating the firewall coupled with a risky
fiscal strategy based upon distant economic projections could
well result in the fiscal impasses of the 1980s.
Backsliding into an era of skyrocketing budget deficits has
dire consequences. Currently, the debt held by the public
stands at $3.7 trillion and 44 percent of GDP. The President's
budget dedicates surpluses in the unified federal budget to
retiring publicly held debt and to extending Social Security's
and Medicare's solvency. Paying down the debt is critical to
our future economic health. Reducing the publicly held debt
lowers market interest rates, boosts private investment, and
promotes long term economic growth. Excessive spending or
irresponsible tax cuts create an additional cost in the form of
higher interest payments and more debt.
I offered an amending in the form of a Sense of the
Congress that we continue the existing spending caps, pay-as-
you-go rules, and firewall between defense and non-defense
spending. Unfortunately, the Majority summarily dismissed this
proposal, proving that the Majority is willing to abandon the
fiscal policy constraints established in 1990 for a return to
the supply side theories, which resulted in a huge run up in
the national debt.
If we squander the surplus without retiring the national
debt, our future financial position is precarious. As the baby
boom retires, we will have to borrow more to pay off bonds as
they come due, including to Social Security. We will be
shortchanging the American people. Without maintaining a course
of fiscal discipline, the Congress' hard work since 1990 will
be compromised. Federal budget surpluses will be short lived
and we will return to deficit spending.
Kenneth E. Bentsen.
A P P E N D I X
----------
H. Con. Res. 68
A concurrent resolution establishing the congressional
budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2000
and setting forth appropriate budgetary levels for each of
fiscal years 2001 through 2009.
Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate
concurring),
SECTION 1. CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000.
The Congress declares that this is the concurrent resolution
on the budget for fiscal year 2000 and that the appropriate
budgetary levels for fiscal years 2001 through 2009 are hereby
set forth.
SEC. 2. RECOMMENDED LEVELS AND AMOUNTS.
The following budgetary levels are appropriate for each of
fiscal years 2000 through 2009:
(1) Federal revenues.--For purposes of the
enforcement of this resolution:
(A) The recommended levels of Federal
revenues are as follows:
Fiscal year 2000: $1,408,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001: $1,435,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002: $1,456,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003: $1,532,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004: $1,584,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005: $1,651,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006: $1,684,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007: $1,733,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008: $1,802,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009: $1,867,500,000,000.
(B) The amounts by which the aggregate levels
of Federal revenues should be changed are as
follows:
Fiscal year 2000: $0.
Fiscal year 2001: -$9,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002: -$52,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003: -$30,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004: -$50,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005: -$59,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006: -$106,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007: -$138,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008: -$153,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009: -$178,200,000,000.
(2) New budget authority.--For purposes of the
enforcement of this resolution, the appropriate levels
of total new budget authority are as follows:
Fiscal year 2000: $1,426,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001: $1,456,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002: $1,487,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003: $1,558,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004: $1,611,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005: $1,665,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006: $1,697,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007: $1,752,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008: $1,813,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009: $1,874,400,000,000.
(3) Budget outlays.--For purposes of the enforcement
of this resolution, the appropriate levels of total
budget outlays are as follows:
Fiscal year 2000: $1,408,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001: $1,435,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002: $1,455,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003: $1,532,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004: $1,583,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005: $1,638,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006: $1,666,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007: $1,715,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008: $1,781,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009: $1,841,300,000,000.
(4) Surpluses.--For purposes of the enforcement of
this resolution, the amounts of the surpluses are as
follows:
Fiscal year 2000: $400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001: $0.
Fiscal year 2002: $1,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003: $100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004: $200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005: $12,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006: $18,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007: $17,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008: $21,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009: $26,200,000,000.
(5) Public debt.--The appropriate levels of the
public debt are as follows:
Fiscal year 2000: $5,627,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001: $5,707,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002: $5,791,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003: $5,875,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004: $5,954,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005: $6,019,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006: $6,075,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007: $6,128,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008: $6,168,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009: $6,198,100,000,000.
SEC. 3. MAJOR FUNCTIONAL CATEGORIES.
The Congress determines and declares that the appropriate
levels of new budget authority and budget outlays for fiscal
years 2000 through 2009 for each major functional category are:
(1) National Defense (050):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$288,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $274,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$303,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $285,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$308,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $291,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$318,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $303,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$327,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $313,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$328,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $316,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$329,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $315,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$330,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $313,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$332,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $317,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$333,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $318,000,000,000.
(2) International Affairs (150):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$11,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $14,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$10,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $15,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$9,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $14,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$11,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $13,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$13,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $13,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$13,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $12,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$13,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $12,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$13,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $12,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$14,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $12,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$14,000,000,000
(B) Outlays, $12,100,000,000.
(3) General Science, Space, and Technology (250):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$18,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $18,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$17,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $17,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$17,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $17,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$17,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $17,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$17,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $17,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$17,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $17,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$17,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $17,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$17,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $17,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$17,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $17,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$17,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $17,800,000,000.
(4) Energy (270):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority, $0.
(B) Outlays, -$700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
-$1,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$3,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
-$200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$1,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
-$100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$1,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
-$300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$1,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
-$400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$1,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
-$500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$1,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
-$500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$1,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
-$200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$1,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
-$100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$1,100,000,000.
(5) Natural Resources and Environment (300):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$22,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $22,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$22,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $22,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$22,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $21,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$22,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $22,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$23,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $23,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$23,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $23,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$23,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $23,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$23,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $23,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$23,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $23,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$24,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $23,700,000,000.
(6) Agriculture (350):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$14,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $13,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$13,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $11,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$11,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $10,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $10,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $10,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$10,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $9,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$10,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $9,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$10,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $9,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$10,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $9,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$10,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $9,200,000,000.
(7) Commerce and Housing Credit (370):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$9,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $4,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$10,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $5,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$14,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $10,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$14,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $10,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$13,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $10,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $9,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $9,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $8,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $8,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$13,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $8,800,000,000.
(8) Transportation (400):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$51,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $45,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$51,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $47,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$50,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $47,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$52,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $46,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$52,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $46,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$52,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $46,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$52,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $46,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$52,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $46,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$52,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $46,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$52,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $46,100,000,000.
(9) Community and Regional Development (450):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$7,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $10,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$5,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $9,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$5,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $7,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$5,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $6,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$5,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $5,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$5,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $4,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$5,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $4,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$5,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $4,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$5,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $4,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$5,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $4,300,000,000.
(10) Elementary and Secondary Education, and
Vocational Education (501):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$22,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $20,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$24,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $21,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$24,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $22,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$25,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $24,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$26,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $25,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$26,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $26,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$26,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $26,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$26,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $26,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$26,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $26,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$26,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $26,900,000,000.
(11) Higher Education, Training, Employment, and
Social Services (500, except for 501):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$43,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $43,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$41,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $41,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$41,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $40,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$42,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $41,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$43,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $42,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$43,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $42,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$44,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $43,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$45,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $44,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$46,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $45,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$46,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $45,500,000,000.
(12) Health (550):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$156,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $153,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$164,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $162,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$173,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $173,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$184,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $185,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$197,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $198,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$212,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $212,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$228,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $228,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$246,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $245,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$265,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $264,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$285,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $284,900,000,000.
(13) Medicare (570):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$208,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $208,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$222,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $222,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$230,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $230,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$250,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $250,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$268,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $268,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$295,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $295,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$306,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $306,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$337,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $337,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$365,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $365,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$394,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $394,200,000,000.
(14) Income Security (600):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$244,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $248,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$250,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $257,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$262,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $267,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$277,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $276,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$286,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $286,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$298,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $298,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$304,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $305,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$310,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $311,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$323,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $325,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$334,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $335,700,000,000.
(15) Social Security (650):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$14,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $14,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$13,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $13,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$15,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $15,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$16,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $16,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$17,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $17,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$18,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $17,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$18,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $18,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$19,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $19,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$21,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $21,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$22,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $22,200,000,000.
(16) Veterans Benefits and Services (700):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$44,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $45,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$44,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $45,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$44,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $45,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$45,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $46,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$46,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $46,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$48,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $49,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$47,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $47,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$47,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $46,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$48,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $49,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$49,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $49,700,000,000.
(17) Administration of Justice (750):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$23,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $25,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$24,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $25,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$24,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $24,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$24,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $24,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$26,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $26,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$26,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $26,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$26,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $26,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$26,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $26,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$26,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $26,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$26,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $26,400,000,000.
(18) General Government (800):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $13,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$11,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $12,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $12,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $12,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $12,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $11,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $11,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $11,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $12,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$12,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $11,900,000,000.
(19) Net Interest (900):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
$275,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $275,500,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
$271,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $271,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
$267,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $267,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
$265,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $265,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
$263,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $263,400,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
$261,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $261,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
$258,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $258,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
$257,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $257,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
$254,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $254,700,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
$252,700,000,000.
(B) Outlays, $252,700,000,000.
(20) Allowances (920):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
-$8,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$8,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
-$8,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$12,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
-$6,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$20,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
-$4,400,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$4,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
-$4,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$5,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
-$4,500,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$5,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
-$4,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$5,200,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
-$5,200,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$5,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
-$5,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$5,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
-$5,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$5,900,000,000.
(21) Undistributed Offsetting Receipts (950):
Fiscal year 2000:
(A) New budget authority,
-$34,300,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$34,300,000,000.
Fiscal year 2001:
(A) New budget authority,
-$36,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$36,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2002:
(A) New budget authority,
-$43,600,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$43,600,000,000.
Fiscal year 2003:
(A) New budget authority,
-$37,000,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$37,000,000,000.
Fiscal year 2004:
(A) New budget authority,
-$37,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$37,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2005:
(A) New budget authority,
-$38,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$38,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2006:
(A) New budget authority,
-$38,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$38,800,000,000.
Fiscal year 2007:
(A) New budget authority,
-$40,100,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$40,100,000,000.
Fiscal year 2008:
(A) New budget authority,
-$40,900,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$40,900,000,000.
Fiscal year 2009:
(A) New budget authority,
-$41,800,000,000.
(B) Outlays, -$41,800,000,000.
SEC. 4. RECONCILIATION.
Not later than September 30, 1999, the House Committee on
Ways and Means shall report to the House a reconciliation bill
that consists of changes in laws within its jurisdiction such
that the total level of revenues is not less than:
$1,408,500,000,000 in revenues for fiscal year 2000,
$7,416,800,000,000 in revenues for fiscal years 2000 through
2004, and $16,155,700,000,000 in revenues for fiscal years 2000
through 2009.
SEC. 5. SAFE DEPOSIT BOX FOR SOCIAL SECURITY SURPLUSES.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
(1) under the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, the
social security trust funds are off-budget forpurposes
of the President's budget submission and the concurrent resolution on
the budget;
(2) the social security trust funds have been running
surpluses for 17 years;
(3) these surpluses have been used to implicitly
finance the general operations of the Federal
government;
(4) in fiscal year 2000, the social security surplus
will exceed $137 billion;
(5) for the first time, a concurrent resolution on
the budget balances the Federal budget without counting
social security surpluses; and
(6) the only way to ensure that social security
surpluses are not diverted for other purposes is to
balance the budget exclusive of such surpluses.
(b) Point of Order.--(1) It shall not be in order in the
House of Representatives or the Senate to consider any
concurrent resolution on the budget, or any amendment thereto
or conference report thereon, that sets forth a deficit for any
fiscal year. For purposes of this subsection, a deficit shall
be the level (if any) set forth in the most recently agreed to
concurrent resolution on the budget for that fiscal year
pursuant to section 301(a)(3) of the Congressional Budget Act
of 1974. In setting forth the deficit level pursuant to such
section, that level shall not include any adjustments in
aggregates that would be made pursuant to any reserve fund that
provides for adjustments in allocations and aggregates for
legislation that enhances retirement security or extends the
solvency of the medicare trust funds or makes such changes in
the medicare payment or benefit structure as are necessary.
(2) Paragraph (1) may be waived in the Senate only by the
affirmative vote of three-fifths of the Members voting.
(c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) legislation should be considered to augment
subsection (b) by establishing a statutory limit on
debt held by the public and reducing such limit by the
amounts of the social security surpluses; and
(2) beginning with fiscal year 2000, legislation
should be enacted to require any official statement
issued by the Office of Management and Budget, the
Congressional Budget Office, or any other agency or
instrumentality of the Government of surplus or deficit
totals of the budget of the Government as submitted by
the President or of the surplus or deficit totals of
the congressional budget, and any description of, or
reference to, such totals in any official publication
or material issued by either of such offices or any
other such agency or instrumentality, should exclude
the outlays and receipts of the old-age, survivors, and
disability insurance program under title II of the
Social Security Act (including the Federal Old-Age and
Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and the Federal
Disability Insurance Trust Fund) and the related
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
SEC. 6. RESERVE FUND FOR RETIREMENT SECURITY AND, AS NEEDED, MEDICARE.
(a) Retirement Security.--Whenever the Committee on Ways and
Means of the House reports a bill, or an amendment thereto is
offered, or a conference report thereon is submitted that
enhances retirement security, the chairman of the Committee on
the Budget may--
(1) increase the appropriate allocations for each of
fiscal years 2000 through 2004 and aggregates for each
of fiscal years 2000 through 2009 of new budget
authority and outlays by the amount of new budget
authority provided by such measure (and outlays flowing
therefrom) for such fiscal year for that purpose; and
(2) reduce the revenue aggregates for each of fiscal
years 2000 through 2009 by the amount ofthe revenue
loss resulting from that measure for such fiscal year for that purpose.
(b) Medicare Program.--Whenever the Committee on Ways and
Means or the Committee on Commerce of the House reports a bill,
or an amendment thereto is offered, or a conference report
thereon is submitted that extends the solvency or reforms the
benefit or payment structure of the medicare program in
response to the National Bipartisan Commission on the Future of
Medicare, the chairman of the Committee on the Budget may
increase the appropriate allocations and aggregates of new
budget authority and outlays by the amounts provided in that
bill for that purpose.
(c) Limitation.--(1) The chairman of the Committee on the
Budget may only make adjustments under subsection (a) or (b) if
the net outlay increase plus revenue reduction resulting from
any measure referred to in those subsections (including any
prior adjustments made for any other such measure) for fiscal
year 2000, the period of fiscal years 2000 through 2004, or the
period of fiscal years 2000 through 2009 is not greater than an
amount equal to the projected social security surplus for such
period, as set forth in the joint explanatory statement of
managers accompanying this concurrent resolution or, if
published, the midsession review for fiscal year 2000 ofthe
Director of the Congressional Budget Office. For purposes of the
preceding sentence, revenue reductions shall be treated as a positive
number.
(2) In the midsession review for fiscal year 2000, the
Director of the Congressional Budget Office shall make an up-
to-date estimate of the projected surpluses in the social
security trust funds for fiscal year 2000, for the period of
fiscal years 2000 through 2004, and for the period of fiscal
years 2000 through 2009.
(3) As used in this subsection, the term ``social security
trust funds'' means the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
Trust Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund.
SEC. 7. RESERVE FUND FOR PROGRAMS AUTHORIZED UNDER THE INDIVIDUALS WITH
DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT.
(a) In General.--In the House, when the Committee on
Appropriations reports a bill or joint resolution, or an
amendment thereto is offered, or a conference report thereon is
submitted that provides new budget authority for fiscal year
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, or 2004 for programs authorized under
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the
chairman of the Committee on the Budget may increase the
appropriate allocations and aggregates of new budget authority
and outlays by an amount not to exceed the amount of new budget
authority provided by that measure (and outlays flowing
therefrom) for that purpose up to the maximum amount consistent
with section 611(a) of the Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1411(a)(2)).
(b) Adjustments.--The adjustments in outlays (and the
corresponding amount of new budget authority) made under
subsection (a) for any fiscal year may not exceed the amount by
which an up-to-date projection of the on-budget surplus made by
the Director of the Congressional Budget Office for that fiscal
year exceeds the on-budget surplus for that fiscal year set
forth in section 2(4) of this resolution.
(c) CBO Projections.--Upon the request of the chairman of the
Committee on the Budget of the House, the Director of the
Congressional Budget Office shall make an up-to-date estimate
of the projected on-budget surplus for the applicable fiscal
year.
SEC. 8. APPLICATION AND EFFECT OF CHANGES IN ALLOCATIONS AND
AGGREGATES.
(a) Application.--Any adjustments of allocations and
aggregates made pursuant to this resolution for any measure
shall--
(1) apply while that measure is under consideration;
(2) take effect upon the enactment of that measure;
and
(3) be published in the Congressional Record as soon
as practicable.
(b) Effect of Changed Allocations and Aggregates.--Revised
allocations and aggregates resulting from these adjustments
shall be considered for the purposes of the Congressional
Budget Act of 1974 as allocations and aggregates contained in
this resolution.
SEC. 9. UPDATED CBO PROJECTIONS.
Each calendar quarter the Director of the Congressional
Budget Office shall make an up-to-date estimate of receipts,
outlays and surplus (on-budget and off-budget) for the current
fiscal year.
SEC. 10. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON THE COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS
FREEDOM.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
(1) persecution of individuals on the sole ground of
their religious beliefs and practices occurs in
countries around the world and affects millions of
lives;
(2) such persecution violates international norms of
human rights, including those established in the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,
the Helsinki Accords, and the Declaration on the
Elimination of all Forms of Intolerance and
Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief;
(3) such persecution is abhorrent to all Americans,
and our very Nation was founded on the principle of the
freedom to worship according to the dictates of our
conscience; and
(4) in 1998 Congress unanimously passed, and
President Clinton signed into law, the International
Religious Freedom Act of 1998, which established the
United States Commission on International Religious
Freedom to monitor facts and circumstances of
violations of religious freedom and authorized
$3,000,000 to carry out the functions of the Commission
for each of fiscal years 1999 and 2000.
(b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) this resolution assumes that $3,000,000 will be
appropriated within function 150 for fiscal year 2000
for the United States Commission on International
Religious Freedom to carry out its duties; and
(2) the House Committee on Appropriations is strongly
urged to appropriate such amount for the Commission.
SEC. 11. SENSE OF THE HOUSE ON PROVIDING ADDITIONAL DOLLARS TO THE
CLASSROOM.
(a) Findings.--The House finds that--
(1) strengthening America's public schools while
respecting State and local control is critically
important to the future of our children and our Nation;
(2) education is a local responsibility, a State
priority, and a national concern;
(3) working with the Nation's governors, parents,
teachers, and principals must take place in order to
strengthen public schools and foster educational
excellence;
(4) the consolidation of various Federal education
programs will benefit our Nation's children, parents,
and teachers by sending more dollars directly to the
classroom; and
(5) our Nation's children deserve an educational
system that will provide opportunities to excel.
(b) Sense of the House.--It is the sense of the House that--
(1) the House should enact legislation that would
consolidate thirty-one Federal K-12 education programs;
and
(2) the Department of Education, the States, and
local educational agencies should work together to
ensure that not less than 95 percent of all funds
appropriated for the purpose of carrying out elementary
and secondary education programs administered by the
Department of Education is spent for our children in
their classrooms.
SEC. 12. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ASSET-BUILDING FOR THE WORKING POOR.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
(1) 33 percent of all American households have no or
negative financial assets and 60 percent of African-
American households have no or negative financial
assets;
(2) 46.9 percent of all children in America live in
households with no financial assets, including 40
percent of caucasian children and 75 percent of
African-American children;
(3) in order to provide low-income families with more
tools for empowerment, incentives which encourage
asset-building should be established;
(4) across the Nation numerous small public, private,
and public-private asset-building initiatives
(including individual development account programs) are
demonstrating success at empowering low-income workers;
(5) the Government currently provides middle and
upper income Americans with hundreds of billions of
dollars in tax incentives for building assets; and
(6) the Government should utilize tax laws or other
measures to provide low-income Americans with
incentives to work and build assets in order to escape
poverty permanently.
(b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that any
changes in tax law should include provisions which encourage
low-income workers and their families to save for buying their
first home, starting a business, obtaining an education, or
taking other measures to prepare for the future.
SEC. 13. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ACCESS TO HEALTH INSURANCE AND PRESERVING
HOME HEALTH SERVICES FOR ALL MEDICARE
BENEFICIARIES.
(a) Access to Health Insurance.--
(1) Findings.--Congress finds that--
(A) 43.4 million Americans are currently
without health insurance, and that this number
is expected to rise to nearly 60 million people
in the next 10 years;
(B) the cost of health insurance continues to
rise, a key factor in increasing the number of
uninsured; and
(C) there is a consensus that working
Americans and their families and children will
suffer from reduced access to health insurance.
(2) Sense of Congress on Improving Access to Health
Care Insurance.--It is the sense of Congress that
access to affordable health care coverage for all
Americans is a priority of the 106th Congress.
(b) Preserving Home Health Service For All Medicare
Beneficiaries.--
(1) Findings.--Congress finds that--
(A) the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 reformed
medicare home health care spending by
instructing the Health Care Financing
Administration to implement a prospective
payment system and instituted an interim
payment system to achieve savings;
(B) the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, reformed
the interim payment system to increase
reimbursements to low-cost providers, added
$900 million in funding, and delayed the
automatic 15 percent payment reduction for one
year, to October 1, 2000; and
(C) patients whose care is more extensive and
expensive than the typical medicare patient do
not receive supplemental payments in the
interim payment system but will receive special
protection in the home health care prospective
payment system.
(2) Sense of congress on access to home health
care.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(A) Congress recognizes the importance of
home health care for seniors and disabled
citizens;
(B) Congress and the Administration should
work together to maintain quality care for
patients whose care is more extensive and
expensive than the typical medicare patient,
including the sickest and frailest medicare
beneficiaries, while home health care agencies
operate in the interim payment system; and
(C) Congress and the Administration should
work together to avoid the implementation of
the 15 percent reduction in the interim payment
system and ensure timely implementation of the
prospective payment system.
SEC. 14. SENSE OF THE HOUSE ON MEDICARE PAYMENT.
(a) Findings.--The House finds that--
(1) a goal of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 was to
expand options for medicare beneficiaries under the new
Medicare+Choice program;
(2) Medicare+Choice was intended to make these
choices available to all medicare beneficiaries; and
unfortunately, during the first two years of the
Medicare+Choice program the blended payment was not
implemented, stifling health care options and
continuing regional disparity among many counties
across the United States; and
(3) the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 also established
the National Bipartisan Commission on the Future of
Medicare to develop legislative recommendations to
address the long-term funding challenges facing
medicare.
(b) Sense of the House.--It is the sense of the House that
this resolution assumes that funding of the Medicare+Choice
program is a priority for the House Committee on the Budget
before financing new programs and benefits that may potentially
add to the imbalance of payments and benefits in Fee-for-
Service Medicare and Medicare+Choice.
SEC. 15. SENSE OF THE HOUSE ON ASSESSMENT OF WELFARE-TO-WORK PROGRAMS.
(a) In General.--It is the sense of the House that,
recognizing the need to maximize the benefit of the Welfare-to-
Work Program, the Secretary of Labor should prepare a report on
Welfare-to-Work Programs pursuant to section 403(a)(5) of the
Social Security Act. This report should include information on
the following--
(1) the extent to which the funds available under
such section have been used (including the number of
States that have not used any of such funds), the types
of programs that have received such funds, the number
of and characteristics of the recipients of assistance
under such programs, the goals of such programs, the
duration of such programs, the costs of such programs,
any evidence of the effects of such programs on such
recipients, and accounting of the total amount expended
by the States from such funds, and the rate at which
the Secretary expects such funds to be expended for
each of the fiscal years 2000, 2001, and 2002;
(2) with regard to the unused funds allocated for
Welfare-to-Work for each of fiscal years 1998 and 1999,
identify areas of the Nation that have unmet needs for
Welfare-to-Work initiatives; and
(3) identify possible Congressional action that may
be taken to reprogram Welfare-to-Work funds from States
that have not utilized previously allocated funds to
places of unmet need, including those States that have
rejected or otherwise not utilized prior funding.
(b) Report.--It is the sense of the House that, not later
than October 1, 1999, the Secretary of Labor should submit to
the Committee on the Budget and the Committee on Ways and Means
of the House and the Committee on Finance of the Senate, in
writing, the report described in subsection (a).
SEC. 16. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON PROVIDING HONOR GUARD SERVICES FOR
VETERANS' FUNERALS.
It is the sense of Congress that all relevant congressional
committees should make every effort to provide sufficient
resources so that an Honor Guard, if requested, is available
for veterans' funerals.
